1 /* alloca.c -- allocate automatically reclaimed memory
2 (Mostly) portable public-domain implementation -- D A Gwyn
4 This implementation of the PWB library alloca function,
5 which is used to allocate space off the run-time stack so
6 that it is automatically reclaimed upon procedure exit,
7 was inspired by discussions with J. Q. Johnson of Cornell.
8 J.Otto Tennant <jot@cray.com> contributed the Cray support.
10 There are some preprocessor constants that can
11 be defined when compiling for your specific system, for
12 improved efficiency; however, the defaults should be okay.
14 The general concept of this implementation is to keep
15 track of all alloca-allocated blocks, and reclaim any
16 that are found to be deeper in the stack than the current
17 invocation. This heuristic does not reclaim storage as
18 soon as it becomes invalid, but it will do so eventually.
20 As a special case, alloca(0) reclaims storage without
21 allocating any. It is a good idea to use alloca(0) in
22 your main control loop, etc. to force garbage collection. */
36 #include "blockinput.h"
39 /* If compiling with GCC 2, this file's not needed. Except of course if
40 the C alloca is explicitly requested. */
41 #if defined (USE_C_ALLOCA) || !defined (__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ < 2
43 /* If someone has defined alloca as a macro,
44 there must be some other way alloca is supposed to work. */
49 /* actually, only want this if static is defined as ""
50 -- this is for usg, in which emacs must undefine static
51 in order to make unexec workable
53 #ifndef STACK_DIRECTION
56 -- must know STACK_DIRECTION at compile-time
57 #endif /* STACK_DIRECTION undefined */
61 /* If your stack is a linked list of frames, you have to
62 provide an "address metric" ADDRESS_FUNCTION macro. */
64 #if defined (CRAY) && defined (CRAY_STACKSEG_END)
66 #define ADDRESS_FUNCTION(arg) (char *) i00afunc (&(arg))
68 #define ADDRESS_FUNCTION(arg) &(arg)
72 typedef void *pointer;
74 typedef char *pointer;
81 /* Different portions of Emacs need to call different versions of
82 malloc. The Emacs executable needs alloca to call xmalloc, because
83 ordinary malloc isn't protected from input signals. On the other
84 hand, the utilities in lib-src need alloca to call malloc; some of
85 them are very simple, and don't have an xmalloc routine.
87 Non-Emacs programs expect this to call use xmalloc.
89 Callers below should use malloc. */
92 #define malloc xmalloc
94 extern pointer malloc ();
96 /* Define STACK_DIRECTION if you know the direction of stack
97 growth for your system; otherwise it will be automatically
100 STACK_DIRECTION > 0 => grows toward higher addresses
101 STACK_DIRECTION < 0 => grows toward lower addresses
102 STACK_DIRECTION = 0 => direction of growth unknown */
104 #ifndef STACK_DIRECTION
105 #define STACK_DIRECTION 0 /* Direction unknown. */
108 #if STACK_DIRECTION != 0
110 #define STACK_DIR STACK_DIRECTION /* Known at compile-time. */
112 #else /* STACK_DIRECTION == 0; need run-time code. */
114 static int stack_dir; /* 1 or -1 once known. */
115 #define STACK_DIR stack_dir
118 find_stack_direction ()
120 static char *addr = NULL; /* Address of first `dummy', once known. */
121 auto char dummy; /* To get stack address. */
124 { /* Initial entry. */
125 addr = ADDRESS_FUNCTION (dummy);
127 find_stack_direction (); /* Recurse once. */
132 if (ADDRESS_FUNCTION (dummy) > addr)
133 stack_dir = 1; /* Stack grew upward. */
135 stack_dir = -1; /* Stack grew downward. */
139 #endif /* STACK_DIRECTION == 0 */
141 /* An "alloca header" is used to:
142 (a) chain together all alloca'ed blocks;
143 (b) keep track of stack depth.
145 It is very important that sizeof(header) agree with malloc
146 alignment chunk size. The following default should work okay. */
149 #define ALIGN_SIZE sizeof(double)
154 char align[ALIGN_SIZE]; /* To force sizeof(header). */
157 union hdr *next; /* For chaining headers. */
158 char *deep; /* For stack depth measure. */
162 static header *last_alloca_header = NULL; /* -> last alloca header. */
164 /* Return a pointer to at least SIZE bytes of storage,
165 which will be automatically reclaimed upon exit from
166 the procedure that called alloca. Originally, this space
167 was supposed to be taken from the current stack frame of the
168 caller, but that method cannot be made to work for some
169 implementations of C, for example under Gould's UTX/32. */
175 auto char probe; /* Probes stack depth: */
176 register char *depth = ADDRESS_FUNCTION (probe);
178 #if STACK_DIRECTION == 0
179 if (STACK_DIR == 0) /* Unknown growth direction. */
180 find_stack_direction ();
183 /* Reclaim garbage, defined as all alloca'd storage that
184 was allocated from deeper in the stack than currently. */
187 register header *hp; /* Traverses linked list. */
193 for (hp = last_alloca_header; hp != NULL;)
194 if ((STACK_DIR > 0 && hp->h.deep > depth)
195 || (STACK_DIR < 0 && hp->h.deep < depth))
197 register header *np = hp->h.next;
199 free ((pointer) hp); /* Collect garbage. */
201 hp = np; /* -> next header. */
204 break; /* Rest are not deeper. */
206 last_alloca_header = hp; /* -> last valid storage. */
214 return NULL; /* No allocation required. */
216 /* Allocate combined header + user data storage. */
219 register pointer new = malloc (sizeof (header) + size);
220 /* Address of header. */
225 ((header *) new)->h.next = last_alloca_header;
226 ((header *) new)->h.deep = depth;
228 last_alloca_header = (header *) new;
230 /* User storage begins just after header. */
232 return (pointer) ((char *) new + sizeof (header));
236 #if defined (CRAY) && defined (CRAY_STACKSEG_END)
238 #ifdef DEBUG_I00AFUNC
245 /* Stack structures for CRAY-1, CRAY X-MP, and CRAY Y-MP */
246 struct stack_control_header
248 long shgrow:32; /* Number of times stack has grown. */
249 long shaseg:32; /* Size of increments to stack. */
250 long shhwm:32; /* High water mark of stack. */
251 long shsize:32; /* Current size of stack (all segments). */
254 /* The stack segment linkage control information occurs at
255 the high-address end of a stack segment. (The stack
256 grows from low addresses to high addresses.) The initial
257 part of the stack segment linkage control information is
258 0200 (octal) words. This provides for register storage
259 for the routine which overflows the stack. */
261 struct stack_segment_linkage
263 long ss[0200]; /* 0200 overflow words. */
264 long sssize:32; /* Number of words in this segment. */
265 long ssbase:32; /* Offset to stack base. */
267 long sspseg:32; /* Offset to linkage control of previous
270 long sstcpt:32; /* Pointer to task common address block. */
271 long sscsnm; /* Private control structure number for
273 long ssusr1; /* Reserved for user. */
274 long ssusr2; /* Reserved for user. */
275 long sstpid; /* Process ID for pid based multi-tasking. */
276 long ssgvup; /* Pointer to multitasking thread giveup. */
277 long sscray[7]; /* Reserved for Cray Research. */
297 /* The following structure defines the vector of words
298 returned by the STKSTAT library routine. */
301 long now; /* Current total stack size. */
302 long maxc; /* Amount of contiguous space which would
303 be required to satisfy the maximum
304 stack demand to date. */
305 long high_water; /* Stack high-water mark. */
306 long overflows; /* Number of stack overflow ($STKOFEN) calls. */
307 long hits; /* Number of internal buffer hits. */
308 long extends; /* Number of block extensions. */
309 long stko_mallocs; /* Block allocations by $STKOFEN. */
310 long underflows; /* Number of stack underflow calls ($STKRETN). */
311 long stko_free; /* Number of deallocations by $STKRETN. */
312 long stkm_free; /* Number of deallocations by $STKMRET. */
313 long segments; /* Current number of stack segments. */
314 long maxs; /* Maximum number of stack segments so far. */
315 long pad_size; /* Stack pad size. */
316 long current_address; /* Current stack segment address. */
317 long current_size; /* Current stack segment size. This
318 number is actually corrupted by STKSTAT to
319 include the fifteen word trailer area. */
320 long initial_address; /* Address of initial segment. */
321 long initial_size; /* Size of initial segment. */
324 /* The following structure describes the data structure which trails
325 any stack segment. I think that the description in 'asdef' is
326 out of date. I only describe the parts that I am sure about. */
330 long this_address; /* Address of this block. */
331 long this_size; /* Size of this block (does not include
335 long link; /* Address of trailer block of previous
350 #endif /* not CRAY_STACK */
353 /* Determine a "stack measure" for an arbitrary ADDRESS.
354 I doubt that "lint" will like this much. */
357 i00afunc (long *address)
359 struct stk_stat status;
360 struct stk_trailer *trailer;
364 /* We want to iterate through all of the segments. The first
365 step is to get the stack status structure. We could do this
366 more quickly and more directly, perhaps, by referencing the
367 $LM00 common block, but I know that this works. */
371 /* Set up the iteration. */
373 trailer = (struct stk_trailer *) (status.current_address
374 + status.current_size
377 /* There must be at least one stack segment. Therefore it is
378 a fatal error if "trailer" is null. */
383 /* Discard segments that do not contain our argument address. */
387 block = (long *) trailer->this_address;
388 size = trailer->this_size;
389 if (block == 0 || size == 0)
391 trailer = (struct stk_trailer *) trailer->link;
392 if ((block <= address) && (address < (block + size)))
396 /* Set the result to the offset in this segment and add the sizes
397 of all predecessor segments. */
399 result = address - block;
408 if (trailer->this_size <= 0)
410 result += trailer->this_size;
411 trailer = (struct stk_trailer *) trailer->link;
413 while (trailer != 0);
415 /* We are done. Note that if you present a bogus address (one
416 not in any segment), you will get a different number back, formed
417 from subtracting the address of the first block. This is probably
418 not what you want. */
423 #else /* not CRAY2 */
424 /* Stack address function for a CRAY-1, CRAY X-MP, or CRAY Y-MP.
425 Determine the number of the cell within the stack,
426 given the address of the cell. The purpose of this
427 routine is to linearize, in some sense, stack addresses
431 i00afunc (long address)
435 long size, pseg, this_segment, stack;
438 struct stack_segment_linkage *ssptr;
440 /* Register B67 contains the address of the end of the
441 current stack segment. If you (as a subprogram) store
442 your registers on the stack and find that you are past
443 the contents of B67, you have overflowed the segment.
445 B67 also points to the stack segment linkage control
446 area, which is what we are really interested in. */
448 stkl = CRAY_STACKSEG_END ();
449 ssptr = (struct stack_segment_linkage *) stkl;
451 /* If one subtracts 'size' from the end of the segment,
452 one has the address of the first word of the segment.
454 If this is not the first segment, 'pseg' will be
457 pseg = ssptr->sspseg;
458 size = ssptr->sssize;
460 this_segment = stkl - size;
462 /* It is possible that calling this routine itself caused
463 a stack overflow. Discard stack segments which do not
464 contain the target address. */
466 while (!(this_segment <= address && address <= stkl))
468 #ifdef DEBUG_I00AFUNC
469 fprintf (stderr, "%011o %011o %011o\n", this_segment, address, stkl);
474 ssptr = (struct stack_segment_linkage *) stkl;
475 size = ssptr->sssize;
476 pseg = ssptr->sspseg;
477 this_segment = stkl - size;
480 result = address - this_segment;
482 /* If you subtract pseg from the current end of the stack,
483 you get the address of the previous stack segment's end.
484 This seems a little convoluted to me, but I'll bet you save
485 a cycle somewhere. */
489 #ifdef DEBUG_I00AFUNC
490 fprintf (stderr, "%011o %011o\n", pseg, size);
493 ssptr = (struct stack_segment_linkage *) stkl;
494 size = ssptr->sssize;
495 pseg = ssptr->sspseg;
501 #endif /* not CRAY2 */
504 #endif /* no alloca */
505 #endif /* not GCC version 2 */