4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 /* vsprintf.c -- Lars Wirzenius & Linus Torvalds. */
9 * Wirzenius wrote this portably, Torvalds fucked it up :-)
13 * Fri Jul 13 2001 Crutcher Dunnavant <crutcher+kernel@datastacks.com>
14 * - changed to provide snprintf and vsnprintf functions
15 * So Feb 1 16:51:32 CET 2004 Juergen Quade <quade@hsnr.de>
16 * - scnprintf and vscnprintf
20 #include <linux/clk.h>
21 #include <linux/clk-provider.h>
22 #include <linux/module.h> /* for KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN */
23 #include <linux/types.h>
24 #include <linux/string.h>
25 #include <linux/ctype.h>
26 #include <linux/kernel.h>
27 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
28 #include <linux/math64.h>
29 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
30 #include <linux/ioport.h>
31 #include <linux/dcache.h>
32 #include <linux/cred.h>
33 #include <linux/uuid.h>
35 #include <net/addrconf.h>
36 #include <linux/siphash.h>
37 #include <linux/compiler.h>
39 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
42 #include "../mm/internal.h" /* For the trace_print_flags arrays */
44 #include <asm/page.h> /* for PAGE_SIZE */
45 #include <asm/byteorder.h> /* cpu_to_le16 */
47 #include <linux/string_helpers.h>
51 * simple_strtoull - convert a string to an unsigned long long
52 * @cp: The start of the string
53 * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
54 * @base: The number base to use
56 * This function is obsolete. Please use kstrtoull instead.
58 unsigned long long simple_strtoull(const char *cp, char **endp, unsigned int base)
60 unsigned long long result;
63 cp = _parse_integer_fixup_radix(cp, &base);
64 rv = _parse_integer(cp, base, &result);
66 cp += (rv & ~KSTRTOX_OVERFLOW);
73 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtoull);
76 * simple_strtoul - convert a string to an unsigned long
77 * @cp: The start of the string
78 * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
79 * @base: The number base to use
81 * This function is obsolete. Please use kstrtoul instead.
83 unsigned long simple_strtoul(const char *cp, char **endp, unsigned int base)
85 return simple_strtoull(cp, endp, base);
87 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtoul);
90 * simple_strtol - convert a string to a signed long
91 * @cp: The start of the string
92 * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
93 * @base: The number base to use
95 * This function is obsolete. Please use kstrtol instead.
97 long simple_strtol(const char *cp, char **endp, unsigned int base)
100 return -simple_strtoul(cp + 1, endp, base);
102 return simple_strtoul(cp, endp, base);
104 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtol);
107 * simple_strtoll - convert a string to a signed long long
108 * @cp: The start of the string
109 * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
110 * @base: The number base to use
112 * This function is obsolete. Please use kstrtoll instead.
114 long long simple_strtoll(const char *cp, char **endp, unsigned int base)
117 return -simple_strtoull(cp + 1, endp, base);
119 return simple_strtoull(cp, endp, base);
121 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtoll);
123 static noinline_for_stack
124 int skip_atoi(const char **s)
129 i = i*10 + *((*s)++) - '0';
130 } while (isdigit(**s));
136 * Decimal conversion is by far the most typical, and is used for
137 * /proc and /sys data. This directly impacts e.g. top performance
138 * with many processes running. We optimize it for speed by emitting
139 * two characters at a time, using a 200 byte lookup table. This
140 * roughly halves the number of multiplications compared to computing
141 * the digits one at a time. Implementation strongly inspired by the
142 * previous version, which in turn used ideas described at
143 * <http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/bcd/divide.html> (with permission
144 * from the author, Douglas W. Jones).
146 * It turns out there is precisely one 26 bit fixed-point
147 * approximation a of 64/100 for which x/100 == (x * (u64)a) >> 32
148 * holds for all x in [0, 10^8-1], namely a = 0x28f5c29. The actual
149 * range happens to be somewhat larger (x <= 1073741898), but that's
150 * irrelevant for our purpose.
152 * For dividing a number in the range [10^4, 10^6-1] by 100, we still
153 * need a 32x32->64 bit multiply, so we simply use the same constant.
155 * For dividing a number in the range [100, 10^4-1] by 100, there are
156 * several options. The simplest is (x * 0x147b) >> 19, which is valid
157 * for all x <= 43698.
160 static const u16 decpair[100] = {
161 #define _(x) (__force u16) cpu_to_le16(((x % 10) | ((x / 10) << 8)) + 0x3030)
162 _( 0), _( 1), _( 2), _( 3), _( 4), _( 5), _( 6), _( 7), _( 8), _( 9),
163 _(10), _(11), _(12), _(13), _(14), _(15), _(16), _(17), _(18), _(19),
164 _(20), _(21), _(22), _(23), _(24), _(25), _(26), _(27), _(28), _(29),
165 _(30), _(31), _(32), _(33), _(34), _(35), _(36), _(37), _(38), _(39),
166 _(40), _(41), _(42), _(43), _(44), _(45), _(46), _(47), _(48), _(49),
167 _(50), _(51), _(52), _(53), _(54), _(55), _(56), _(57), _(58), _(59),
168 _(60), _(61), _(62), _(63), _(64), _(65), _(66), _(67), _(68), _(69),
169 _(70), _(71), _(72), _(73), _(74), _(75), _(76), _(77), _(78), _(79),
170 _(80), _(81), _(82), _(83), _(84), _(85), _(86), _(87), _(88), _(89),
171 _(90), _(91), _(92), _(93), _(94), _(95), _(96), _(97), _(98), _(99),
176 * This will print a single '0' even if r == 0, since we would
177 * immediately jump to out_r where two 0s would be written but only
178 * one of them accounted for in buf. This is needed by ip4_string
179 * below. All other callers pass a non-zero value of r.
181 static noinline_for_stack
182 char *put_dec_trunc8(char *buf, unsigned r)
190 /* 100 <= r < 10^8 */
191 q = (r * (u64)0x28f5c29) >> 32;
192 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
199 /* 100 <= q < 10^6 */
200 r = (q * (u64)0x28f5c29) >> 32;
201 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[q - 100*r];
208 /* 100 <= r < 10^4 */
209 q = (r * 0x147b) >> 19;
210 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
217 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r];
218 buf += r < 10 ? 1 : 2;
222 #if BITS_PER_LONG == 64 && BITS_PER_LONG_LONG == 64
223 static noinline_for_stack
224 char *put_dec_full8(char *buf, unsigned r)
229 q = (r * (u64)0x28f5c29) >> 32;
230 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
234 r = (q * (u64)0x28f5c29) >> 32;
235 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[q - 100*r];
239 q = (r * 0x147b) >> 19;
240 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
244 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[q];
249 static noinline_for_stack
250 char *put_dec(char *buf, unsigned long long n)
252 if (n >= 100*1000*1000)
253 buf = put_dec_full8(buf, do_div(n, 100*1000*1000));
254 /* 1 <= n <= 1.6e11 */
255 if (n >= 100*1000*1000)
256 buf = put_dec_full8(buf, do_div(n, 100*1000*1000));
258 return put_dec_trunc8(buf, n);
261 #elif BITS_PER_LONG == 32 && BITS_PER_LONG_LONG == 64
264 put_dec_full4(char *buf, unsigned r)
269 q = (r * 0x147b) >> 19;
270 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
273 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[q];
277 * Call put_dec_full4 on x % 10000, return x / 10000.
278 * The approximation x/10000 == (x * 0x346DC5D7) >> 43
279 * holds for all x < 1,128,869,999. The largest value this
280 * helper will ever be asked to convert is 1,125,520,955.
281 * (second call in the put_dec code, assuming n is all-ones).
283 static noinline_for_stack
284 unsigned put_dec_helper4(char *buf, unsigned x)
286 uint32_t q = (x * (uint64_t)0x346DC5D7) >> 43;
288 put_dec_full4(buf, x - q * 10000);
292 /* Based on code by Douglas W. Jones found at
293 * <http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/bcd/decimal.html#sixtyfour>
294 * (with permission from the author).
295 * Performs no 64-bit division and hence should be fast on 32-bit machines.
298 char *put_dec(char *buf, unsigned long long n)
300 uint32_t d3, d2, d1, q, h;
302 if (n < 100*1000*1000)
303 return put_dec_trunc8(buf, n);
305 d1 = ((uint32_t)n >> 16); /* implicit "& 0xffff" */
308 d3 = (h >> 16); /* implicit "& 0xffff" */
310 /* n = 2^48 d3 + 2^32 d2 + 2^16 d1 + d0
311 = 281_4749_7671_0656 d3 + 42_9496_7296 d2 + 6_5536 d1 + d0 */
312 q = 656 * d3 + 7296 * d2 + 5536 * d1 + ((uint32_t)n & 0xffff);
313 q = put_dec_helper4(buf, q);
315 q += 7671 * d3 + 9496 * d2 + 6 * d1;
316 q = put_dec_helper4(buf+4, q);
318 q += 4749 * d3 + 42 * d2;
319 q = put_dec_helper4(buf+8, q);
324 buf = put_dec_trunc8(buf, q);
325 else while (buf[-1] == '0')
334 * Convert passed number to decimal string.
335 * Returns the length of string. On buffer overflow, returns 0.
337 * If speed is not important, use snprintf(). It's easy to read the code.
339 int num_to_str(char *buf, int size, unsigned long long num)
341 /* put_dec requires 2-byte alignment of the buffer. */
342 char tmp[sizeof(num) * 3] __aligned(2);
345 /* put_dec() may work incorrectly for num = 0 (generate "", not "0") */
350 len = put_dec(tmp, num) - tmp;
355 for (idx = 0; idx < len; ++idx)
356 buf[idx] = tmp[len - idx - 1];
360 #define SIGN 1 /* unsigned/signed, must be 1 */
361 #define LEFT 2 /* left justified */
362 #define PLUS 4 /* show plus */
363 #define SPACE 8 /* space if plus */
364 #define ZEROPAD 16 /* pad with zero, must be 16 == '0' - ' ' */
365 #define SMALL 32 /* use lowercase in hex (must be 32 == 0x20) */
366 #define SPECIAL 64 /* prefix hex with "0x", octal with "0" */
369 FORMAT_TYPE_NONE, /* Just a string part */
371 FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION,
375 FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR,
377 FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG,
391 unsigned int type:8; /* format_type enum */
392 signed int field_width:24; /* width of output field */
393 unsigned int flags:8; /* flags to number() */
394 unsigned int base:8; /* number base, 8, 10 or 16 only */
395 signed int precision:16; /* # of digits/chars */
397 #define FIELD_WIDTH_MAX ((1 << 23) - 1)
398 #define PRECISION_MAX ((1 << 15) - 1)
400 static noinline_for_stack
401 char *number(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long long num,
402 struct printf_spec spec)
404 /* put_dec requires 2-byte alignment of the buffer. */
405 char tmp[3 * sizeof(num)] __aligned(2);
408 int need_pfx = ((spec.flags & SPECIAL) && spec.base != 10);
410 bool is_zero = num == 0LL;
411 int field_width = spec.field_width;
412 int precision = spec.precision;
414 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct printf_spec) != 8);
416 /* locase = 0 or 0x20. ORing digits or letters with 'locase'
417 * produces same digits or (maybe lowercased) letters */
418 locase = (spec.flags & SMALL);
419 if (spec.flags & LEFT)
420 spec.flags &= ~ZEROPAD;
422 if (spec.flags & SIGN) {
423 if ((signed long long)num < 0) {
425 num = -(signed long long)num;
427 } else if (spec.flags & PLUS) {
430 } else if (spec.flags & SPACE) {
442 /* generate full string in tmp[], in reverse order */
445 tmp[i++] = hex_asc_upper[num] | locase;
446 else if (spec.base != 10) { /* 8 or 16 */
447 int mask = spec.base - 1;
453 tmp[i++] = (hex_asc_upper[((unsigned char)num) & mask] | locase);
456 } else { /* base 10 */
457 i = put_dec(tmp, num) - tmp;
460 /* printing 100 using %2d gives "100", not "00" */
463 /* leading space padding */
464 field_width -= precision;
465 if (!(spec.flags & (ZEROPAD | LEFT))) {
466 while (--field_width >= 0) {
478 /* "0x" / "0" prefix */
480 if (spec.base == 16 || !is_zero) {
485 if (spec.base == 16) {
487 *buf = ('X' | locase);
491 /* zero or space padding */
492 if (!(spec.flags & LEFT)) {
493 char c = ' ' + (spec.flags & ZEROPAD);
494 BUILD_BUG_ON(' ' + ZEROPAD != '0');
495 while (--field_width >= 0) {
501 /* hmm even more zero padding? */
502 while (i <= --precision) {
507 /* actual digits of result */
513 /* trailing space padding */
514 while (--field_width >= 0) {
523 static noinline_for_stack
524 char *special_hex_number(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long long num, int size)
526 struct printf_spec spec;
528 spec.type = FORMAT_TYPE_PTR;
529 spec.field_width = 2 + 2 * size; /* 0x + hex */
530 spec.flags = SPECIAL | SMALL | ZEROPAD;
534 return number(buf, end, num, spec);
537 static void move_right(char *buf, char *end, unsigned len, unsigned spaces)
540 if (buf >= end) /* nowhere to put anything */
543 if (size <= spaces) {
544 memset(buf, ' ', size);
548 if (len > size - spaces)
550 memmove(buf + spaces, buf, len);
552 memset(buf, ' ', spaces);
556 * Handle field width padding for a string.
557 * @buf: current buffer position
558 * @n: length of string
559 * @end: end of output buffer
560 * @spec: for field width and flags
561 * Returns: new buffer position after padding.
563 static noinline_for_stack
564 char *widen_string(char *buf, int n, char *end, struct printf_spec spec)
568 if (likely(n >= spec.field_width))
570 /* we want to pad the sucker */
571 spaces = spec.field_width - n;
572 if (!(spec.flags & LEFT)) {
573 move_right(buf - n, end, n, spaces);
584 static noinline_for_stack
585 char *string(char *buf, char *end, const char *s, struct printf_spec spec)
588 size_t lim = spec.precision;
590 if ((unsigned long)s < PAGE_SIZE)
602 return widen_string(buf, len, end, spec);
605 static noinline_for_stack
606 char *dentry_name(char *buf, char *end, const struct dentry *d, struct printf_spec spec,
609 const char *array[4], *s;
610 const struct dentry *p;
615 case '2': case '3': case '4':
616 depth = fmt[1] - '0';
623 for (i = 0; i < depth; i++, d = p) {
624 p = READ_ONCE(d->d_parent);
625 array[i] = READ_ONCE(d->d_name.name);
634 for (n = 0; n != spec.precision; n++, buf++) {
646 return widen_string(buf, n, end, spec);
650 static noinline_for_stack
651 char *bdev_name(char *buf, char *end, struct block_device *bdev,
652 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
654 struct gendisk *hd = bdev->bd_disk;
656 buf = string(buf, end, hd->disk_name, spec);
657 if (bdev->bd_part->partno) {
658 if (isdigit(hd->disk_name[strlen(hd->disk_name)-1])) {
663 buf = number(buf, end, bdev->bd_part->partno, spec);
669 static noinline_for_stack
670 char *symbol_string(char *buf, char *end, void *ptr,
671 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
674 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
675 char sym[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
679 ptr = __builtin_extract_return_addr(ptr);
680 value = (unsigned long)ptr;
682 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
684 sprint_backtrace(sym, value);
685 else if (*fmt != 'f' && *fmt != 's')
686 sprint_symbol(sym, value);
688 sprint_symbol_no_offset(sym, value);
690 return string(buf, end, sym, spec);
692 return special_hex_number(buf, end, value, sizeof(void *));
696 static noinline_for_stack
697 char *resource_string(char *buf, char *end, struct resource *res,
698 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
700 #ifndef IO_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE
701 #define IO_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE 6
704 #ifndef MEM_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE
705 #define MEM_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE 10
707 static const struct printf_spec io_spec = {
709 .field_width = IO_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE,
711 .flags = SPECIAL | SMALL | ZEROPAD,
713 static const struct printf_spec mem_spec = {
715 .field_width = MEM_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE,
717 .flags = SPECIAL | SMALL | ZEROPAD,
719 static const struct printf_spec bus_spec = {
723 .flags = SMALL | ZEROPAD,
725 static const struct printf_spec dec_spec = {
730 static const struct printf_spec str_spec = {
735 static const struct printf_spec flag_spec = {
738 .flags = SPECIAL | SMALL,
741 /* 32-bit res (sizeof==4): 10 chars in dec, 10 in hex ("0x" + 8)
742 * 64-bit res (sizeof==8): 20 chars in dec, 18 in hex ("0x" + 16) */
743 #define RSRC_BUF_SIZE ((2 * sizeof(resource_size_t)) + 4)
744 #define FLAG_BUF_SIZE (2 * sizeof(res->flags))
745 #define DECODED_BUF_SIZE sizeof("[mem - 64bit pref window disabled]")
746 #define RAW_BUF_SIZE sizeof("[mem - flags 0x]")
747 char sym[max(2*RSRC_BUF_SIZE + DECODED_BUF_SIZE,
748 2*RSRC_BUF_SIZE + FLAG_BUF_SIZE + RAW_BUF_SIZE)];
750 char *p = sym, *pend = sym + sizeof(sym);
751 int decode = (fmt[0] == 'R') ? 1 : 0;
752 const struct printf_spec *specp;
755 if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_IO) {
756 p = string(p, pend, "io ", str_spec);
758 } else if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM) {
759 p = string(p, pend, "mem ", str_spec);
761 } else if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_IRQ) {
762 p = string(p, pend, "irq ", str_spec);
764 } else if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_DMA) {
765 p = string(p, pend, "dma ", str_spec);
767 } else if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_BUS) {
768 p = string(p, pend, "bus ", str_spec);
771 p = string(p, pend, "??? ", str_spec);
775 if (decode && res->flags & IORESOURCE_UNSET) {
776 p = string(p, pend, "size ", str_spec);
777 p = number(p, pend, resource_size(res), *specp);
779 p = number(p, pend, res->start, *specp);
780 if (res->start != res->end) {
782 p = number(p, pend, res->end, *specp);
786 if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM_64)
787 p = string(p, pend, " 64bit", str_spec);
788 if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_PREFETCH)
789 p = string(p, pend, " pref", str_spec);
790 if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_WINDOW)
791 p = string(p, pend, " window", str_spec);
792 if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_DISABLED)
793 p = string(p, pend, " disabled", str_spec);
795 p = string(p, pend, " flags ", str_spec);
796 p = number(p, pend, res->flags, flag_spec);
801 return string(buf, end, sym, spec);
804 static noinline_for_stack
805 char *hex_string(char *buf, char *end, u8 *addr, struct printf_spec spec,
808 int i, len = 1; /* if we pass '%ph[CDN]', field width remains
809 negative value, fallback to the default */
812 if (spec.field_width == 0)
813 /* nothing to print */
816 if (ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(addr))
818 return string(buf, end, NULL, spec);
835 if (spec.field_width > 0)
836 len = min_t(int, spec.field_width, 64);
838 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
840 *buf = hex_asc_hi(addr[i]);
843 *buf = hex_asc_lo(addr[i]);
846 if (separator && i != len - 1) {
856 static noinline_for_stack
857 char *bitmap_string(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long *bitmap,
858 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
860 const int CHUNKSZ = 32;
861 int nr_bits = max_t(int, spec.field_width, 0);
865 /* reused to print numbers */
866 spec = (struct printf_spec){ .flags = SMALL | ZEROPAD, .base = 16 };
868 chunksz = nr_bits & (CHUNKSZ - 1);
872 i = ALIGN(nr_bits, CHUNKSZ) - CHUNKSZ;
873 for (; i >= 0; i -= CHUNKSZ) {
877 chunkmask = ((1ULL << chunksz) - 1);
878 word = i / BITS_PER_LONG;
879 bit = i % BITS_PER_LONG;
880 val = (bitmap[word] >> bit) & chunkmask;
889 spec.field_width = DIV_ROUND_UP(chunksz, 4);
890 buf = number(buf, end, val, spec);
897 static noinline_for_stack
898 char *bitmap_list_string(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long *bitmap,
899 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
901 int nr_bits = max_t(int, spec.field_width, 0);
902 /* current bit is 'cur', most recently seen range is [rbot, rtop] */
906 /* reused to print numbers */
907 spec = (struct printf_spec){ .base = 10 };
909 rbot = cur = find_first_bit(bitmap, nr_bits);
910 while (cur < nr_bits) {
912 cur = find_next_bit(bitmap, nr_bits, cur + 1);
913 if (cur < nr_bits && cur <= rtop + 1)
923 buf = number(buf, end, rbot, spec);
929 buf = number(buf, end, rtop, spec);
937 static noinline_for_stack
938 char *mac_address_string(char *buf, char *end, u8 *addr,
939 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
941 char mac_addr[sizeof("xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx")];
945 bool reversed = false;
961 for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
963 p = hex_byte_pack(p, addr[5 - i]);
965 p = hex_byte_pack(p, addr[i]);
967 if (fmt[0] == 'M' && i != 5)
972 return string(buf, end, mac_addr, spec);
975 static noinline_for_stack
976 char *ip4_string(char *p, const u8 *addr, const char *fmt)
979 bool leading_zeros = (fmt[0] == 'i');
1004 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
1005 char temp[4] __aligned(2); /* hold each IP quad in reverse order */
1006 int digits = put_dec_trunc8(temp, addr[index]) - temp;
1007 if (leading_zeros) {
1013 /* reverse the digits in the quad */
1015 *p++ = temp[digits];
1025 static noinline_for_stack
1026 char *ip6_compressed_string(char *p, const char *addr)
1029 unsigned char zerolength[8];
1034 bool needcolon = false;
1036 struct in6_addr in6;
1038 memcpy(&in6, addr, sizeof(struct in6_addr));
1040 useIPv4 = ipv6_addr_v4mapped(&in6) || ipv6_addr_is_isatap(&in6);
1042 memset(zerolength, 0, sizeof(zerolength));
1049 /* find position of longest 0 run */
1050 for (i = 0; i < range; i++) {
1051 for (j = i; j < range; j++) {
1052 if (in6.s6_addr16[j] != 0)
1057 for (i = 0; i < range; i++) {
1058 if (zerolength[i] > longest) {
1059 longest = zerolength[i];
1063 if (longest == 1) /* don't compress a single 0 */
1067 for (i = 0; i < range; i++) {
1068 if (i == colonpos) {
1069 if (needcolon || i == 0)
1080 /* hex u16 without leading 0s */
1081 word = ntohs(in6.s6_addr16[i]);
1086 p = hex_byte_pack(p, hi);
1088 *p++ = hex_asc_lo(hi);
1089 p = hex_byte_pack(p, lo);
1092 p = hex_byte_pack(p, lo);
1094 *p++ = hex_asc_lo(lo);
1101 p = ip4_string(p, &in6.s6_addr[12], "I4");
1108 static noinline_for_stack
1109 char *ip6_string(char *p, const char *addr, const char *fmt)
1113 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
1114 p = hex_byte_pack(p, *addr++);
1115 p = hex_byte_pack(p, *addr++);
1116 if (fmt[0] == 'I' && i != 7)
1124 static noinline_for_stack
1125 char *ip6_addr_string(char *buf, char *end, const u8 *addr,
1126 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1128 char ip6_addr[sizeof("xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:255.255.255.255")];
1130 if (fmt[0] == 'I' && fmt[2] == 'c')
1131 ip6_compressed_string(ip6_addr, addr);
1133 ip6_string(ip6_addr, addr, fmt);
1135 return string(buf, end, ip6_addr, spec);
1138 static noinline_for_stack
1139 char *ip4_addr_string(char *buf, char *end, const u8 *addr,
1140 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1142 char ip4_addr[sizeof("255.255.255.255")];
1144 ip4_string(ip4_addr, addr, fmt);
1146 return string(buf, end, ip4_addr, spec);
1149 static noinline_for_stack
1150 char *ip6_addr_string_sa(char *buf, char *end, const struct sockaddr_in6 *sa,
1151 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1153 bool have_p = false, have_s = false, have_f = false, have_c = false;
1154 char ip6_addr[sizeof("[xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:255.255.255.255]") +
1155 sizeof(":12345") + sizeof("/123456789") +
1156 sizeof("%1234567890")];
1157 char *p = ip6_addr, *pend = ip6_addr + sizeof(ip6_addr);
1158 const u8 *addr = (const u8 *) &sa->sin6_addr;
1159 char fmt6[2] = { fmt[0], '6' };
1163 while (isalpha(*++fmt)) {
1180 if (have_p || have_s || have_f) {
1185 if (fmt6[0] == 'I' && have_c)
1186 p = ip6_compressed_string(ip6_addr + off, addr);
1188 p = ip6_string(ip6_addr + off, addr, fmt6);
1190 if (have_p || have_s || have_f)
1195 p = number(p, pend, ntohs(sa->sin6_port), spec);
1199 p = number(p, pend, ntohl(sa->sin6_flowinfo &
1200 IPV6_FLOWINFO_MASK), spec);
1204 p = number(p, pend, sa->sin6_scope_id, spec);
1208 return string(buf, end, ip6_addr, spec);
1211 static noinline_for_stack
1212 char *ip4_addr_string_sa(char *buf, char *end, const struct sockaddr_in *sa,
1213 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1215 bool have_p = false;
1216 char *p, ip4_addr[sizeof("255.255.255.255") + sizeof(":12345")];
1217 char *pend = ip4_addr + sizeof(ip4_addr);
1218 const u8 *addr = (const u8 *) &sa->sin_addr.s_addr;
1219 char fmt4[3] = { fmt[0], '4', 0 };
1222 while (isalpha(*++fmt)) {
1236 p = ip4_string(ip4_addr, addr, fmt4);
1239 p = number(p, pend, ntohs(sa->sin_port), spec);
1243 return string(buf, end, ip4_addr, spec);
1246 static noinline_for_stack
1247 char *escaped_string(char *buf, char *end, u8 *addr, struct printf_spec spec,
1252 unsigned int flags = 0;
1255 if (spec.field_width == 0)
1256 return buf; /* nothing to print */
1258 if (ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(addr))
1259 return string(buf, end, NULL, spec); /* NULL pointer */
1263 switch (fmt[count++]) {
1265 flags |= ESCAPE_ANY;
1268 flags |= ESCAPE_SPECIAL;
1271 flags |= ESCAPE_HEX;
1274 flags |= ESCAPE_NULL;
1277 flags |= ESCAPE_OCTAL;
1283 flags |= ESCAPE_SPACE;
1292 flags = ESCAPE_ANY_NP;
1294 len = spec.field_width < 0 ? 1 : spec.field_width;
1297 * string_escape_mem() writes as many characters as it can to
1298 * the given buffer, and returns the total size of the output
1299 * had the buffer been big enough.
1301 buf += string_escape_mem(addr, len, buf, buf < end ? end - buf : 0, flags, NULL);
1306 static noinline_for_stack
1307 char *uuid_string(char *buf, char *end, const u8 *addr,
1308 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1310 char uuid[UUID_STRING_LEN + 1];
1313 const u8 *index = uuid_index;
1318 uc = true; /* fall-through */
1327 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
1329 p = hex_byte_pack_upper(p, addr[index[i]]);
1331 p = hex_byte_pack(p, addr[index[i]]);
1344 return string(buf, end, uuid, spec);
1347 int kptr_restrict __read_mostly;
1349 static noinline_for_stack
1350 char *restricted_pointer(char *buf, char *end, const void *ptr,
1351 struct printf_spec spec)
1354 spec.flags |= SMALL;
1355 if (spec.field_width == -1) {
1356 spec.field_width = 2 * sizeof(ptr);
1357 spec.flags |= ZEROPAD;
1360 switch (kptr_restrict) {
1362 /* Always print %pK values */
1365 const struct cred *cred;
1368 * kptr_restrict==1 cannot be used in IRQ context
1369 * because its test for CAP_SYSLOG would be meaningless.
1371 if (in_irq() || in_serving_softirq() || in_nmi())
1372 return string(buf, end, "pK-error", spec);
1375 * Only print the real pointer value if the current
1376 * process has CAP_SYSLOG and is running with the
1377 * same credentials it started with. This is because
1378 * access to files is checked at open() time, but %pK
1379 * checks permission at read() time. We don't want to
1380 * leak pointer values if a binary opens a file using
1381 * %pK and then elevates privileges before reading it.
1383 cred = current_cred();
1384 if (!has_capability_noaudit(current, CAP_SYSLOG) ||
1385 !uid_eq(cred->euid, cred->uid) ||
1386 !gid_eq(cred->egid, cred->gid))
1392 /* Always print 0's for %pK */
1397 return number(buf, end, (unsigned long)ptr, spec);
1400 static noinline_for_stack
1401 char *netdev_bits(char *buf, char *end, const void *addr, const char *fmt)
1403 unsigned long long num;
1408 num = *(const netdev_features_t *)addr;
1409 size = sizeof(netdev_features_t);
1412 num = (unsigned long)addr;
1413 size = sizeof(unsigned long);
1417 return special_hex_number(buf, end, num, size);
1420 static noinline_for_stack
1421 char *address_val(char *buf, char *end, const void *addr, const char *fmt)
1423 unsigned long long num;
1428 num = *(const dma_addr_t *)addr;
1429 size = sizeof(dma_addr_t);
1433 num = *(const phys_addr_t *)addr;
1434 size = sizeof(phys_addr_t);
1438 return special_hex_number(buf, end, num, size);
1441 static noinline_for_stack
1442 char *clock(char *buf, char *end, struct clk *clk, struct printf_spec spec,
1445 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_CLK) || !clk)
1446 return string(buf, end, NULL, spec);
1450 return number(buf, end, clk_get_rate(clk), spec);
1454 #ifdef CONFIG_COMMON_CLK
1455 return string(buf, end, __clk_get_name(clk), spec);
1457 return special_hex_number(buf, end, (unsigned long)clk, sizeof(unsigned long));
1463 char *format_flags(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long flags,
1464 const struct trace_print_flags *names)
1467 const struct printf_spec strspec = {
1471 const struct printf_spec numspec = {
1472 .flags = SPECIAL|SMALL,
1478 for ( ; flags && names->name; names++) {
1480 if ((flags & mask) != mask)
1483 buf = string(buf, end, names->name, strspec);
1494 buf = number(buf, end, flags, numspec);
1499 static noinline_for_stack
1500 char *flags_string(char *buf, char *end, void *flags_ptr, const char *fmt)
1502 unsigned long flags;
1503 const struct trace_print_flags *names;
1507 flags = *(unsigned long *)flags_ptr;
1508 /* Remove zone id */
1509 flags &= (1UL << NR_PAGEFLAGS) - 1;
1510 names = pageflag_names;
1513 flags = *(unsigned long *)flags_ptr;
1514 names = vmaflag_names;
1517 flags = *(gfp_t *)flags_ptr;
1518 names = gfpflag_names;
1521 WARN_ONCE(1, "Unsupported flags modifier: %c\n", fmt[1]);
1525 return format_flags(buf, end, flags, names);
1528 static const char *device_node_name_for_depth(const struct device_node *np, int depth)
1530 for ( ; np && depth; depth--)
1533 return kbasename(np->full_name);
1536 static noinline_for_stack
1537 char *device_node_gen_full_name(const struct device_node *np, char *buf, char *end)
1540 const struct device_node *parent = np->parent;
1541 static const struct printf_spec strspec = {
1546 /* special case for root node */
1548 return string(buf, end, "/", strspec);
1550 for (depth = 0; parent->parent; depth++)
1551 parent = parent->parent;
1553 for ( ; depth >= 0; depth--) {
1554 buf = string(buf, end, "/", strspec);
1555 buf = string(buf, end, device_node_name_for_depth(np, depth),
1561 static noinline_for_stack
1562 char *device_node_string(char *buf, char *end, struct device_node *dn,
1563 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1565 char tbuf[sizeof("xxxx") + 1];
1568 char *buf_start = buf;
1569 struct property *prop;
1570 bool has_mult, pass;
1571 static const struct printf_spec num_spec = {
1578 struct printf_spec str_spec = spec;
1579 str_spec.field_width = -1;
1581 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_OF))
1582 return string(buf, end, "(!OF)", spec);
1584 if ((unsigned long)dn < PAGE_SIZE)
1585 return string(buf, end, "(null)", spec);
1587 /* simple case without anything any more format specifiers */
1589 if (fmt[0] == '\0' || strcspn(fmt,"fnpPFcC") > 0)
1592 for (pass = false; strspn(fmt,"fnpPFcC"); fmt++, pass = true) {
1600 case 'f': /* full_name */
1601 buf = device_node_gen_full_name(dn, buf, end);
1603 case 'n': /* name */
1604 buf = string(buf, end, dn->name, str_spec);
1606 case 'p': /* phandle */
1607 buf = number(buf, end, (unsigned int)dn->phandle, num_spec);
1609 case 'P': /* path-spec */
1610 p = kbasename(of_node_full_name(dn));
1613 buf = string(buf, end, p, str_spec);
1615 case 'F': /* flags */
1616 tbuf[0] = of_node_check_flag(dn, OF_DYNAMIC) ? 'D' : '-';
1617 tbuf[1] = of_node_check_flag(dn, OF_DETACHED) ? 'd' : '-';
1618 tbuf[2] = of_node_check_flag(dn, OF_POPULATED) ? 'P' : '-';
1619 tbuf[3] = of_node_check_flag(dn, OF_POPULATED_BUS) ? 'B' : '-';
1621 buf = string(buf, end, tbuf, str_spec);
1623 case 'c': /* major compatible string */
1624 ret = of_property_read_string(dn, "compatible", &p);
1626 buf = string(buf, end, p, str_spec);
1628 case 'C': /* full compatible string */
1630 of_property_for_each_string(dn, "compatible", prop, p) {
1632 buf = string(buf, end, ",", str_spec);
1633 buf = string(buf, end, "\"", str_spec);
1634 buf = string(buf, end, p, str_spec);
1635 buf = string(buf, end, "\"", str_spec);
1645 return widen_string(buf, buf - buf_start, end, spec);
1648 static noinline_for_stack
1649 char *pointer_string(char *buf, char *end, const void *ptr,
1650 struct printf_spec spec)
1653 spec.flags |= SMALL;
1654 if (spec.field_width == -1) {
1655 spec.field_width = 2 * sizeof(ptr);
1656 spec.flags |= ZEROPAD;
1659 return number(buf, end, (unsigned long int)ptr, spec);
1662 static bool have_filled_random_ptr_key __read_mostly;
1663 static siphash_key_t ptr_key __read_mostly;
1665 static void fill_random_ptr_key(struct random_ready_callback *unused)
1667 get_random_bytes(&ptr_key, sizeof(ptr_key));
1669 * have_filled_random_ptr_key==true is dependent on get_random_bytes().
1670 * ptr_to_id() needs to see have_filled_random_ptr_key==true
1671 * after get_random_bytes() returns.
1674 WRITE_ONCE(have_filled_random_ptr_key, true);
1677 static struct random_ready_callback random_ready = {
1678 .func = fill_random_ptr_key
1681 static int __init initialize_ptr_random(void)
1683 int ret = add_random_ready_callback(&random_ready);
1687 } else if (ret == -EALREADY) {
1688 fill_random_ptr_key(&random_ready);
1694 early_initcall(initialize_ptr_random);
1696 /* Maps a pointer to a 32 bit unique identifier. */
1697 static char *ptr_to_id(char *buf, char *end, void *ptr, struct printf_spec spec)
1699 unsigned long hashval;
1700 const int default_width = 2 * sizeof(ptr);
1702 if (unlikely(!have_filled_random_ptr_key)) {
1703 spec.field_width = default_width;
1704 /* string length must be less than default_width */
1705 return string(buf, end, "(ptrval)", spec);
1709 hashval = (unsigned long)siphash_1u64((u64)ptr, &ptr_key);
1711 * Mask off the first 32 bits, this makes explicit that we have
1712 * modified the address (and 32 bits is plenty for a unique ID).
1714 hashval = hashval & 0xffffffff;
1716 hashval = (unsigned long)siphash_1u32((u32)ptr, &ptr_key);
1719 spec.flags |= SMALL;
1720 if (spec.field_width == -1) {
1721 spec.field_width = default_width;
1722 spec.flags |= ZEROPAD;
1726 return number(buf, end, hashval, spec);
1730 * Show a '%p' thing. A kernel extension is that the '%p' is followed
1731 * by an extra set of alphanumeric characters that are extended format
1734 * Please update scripts/checkpatch.pl when adding/removing conversion
1735 * characters. (Search for "check for vsprintf extension").
1737 * Right now we handle:
1739 * - 'F' For symbolic function descriptor pointers with offset
1740 * - 'f' For simple symbolic function names without offset
1741 * - 'S' For symbolic direct pointers with offset
1742 * - 's' For symbolic direct pointers without offset
1743 * - '[FfSs]R' as above with __builtin_extract_return_addr() translation
1744 * - 'B' For backtraced symbolic direct pointers with offset
1745 * - 'R' For decoded struct resource, e.g., [mem 0x0-0x1f 64bit pref]
1746 * - 'r' For raw struct resource, e.g., [mem 0x0-0x1f flags 0x201]
1747 * - 'b[l]' For a bitmap, the number of bits is determined by the field
1748 * width which must be explicitly specified either as part of the
1749 * format string '%32b[l]' or through '%*b[l]', [l] selects
1750 * range-list format instead of hex format
1751 * - 'M' For a 6-byte MAC address, it prints the address in the
1752 * usual colon-separated hex notation
1753 * - 'm' For a 6-byte MAC address, it prints the hex address without colons
1754 * - 'MF' For a 6-byte MAC FDDI address, it prints the address
1755 * with a dash-separated hex notation
1756 * - '[mM]R' For a 6-byte MAC address, Reverse order (Bluetooth)
1757 * - 'I' [46] for IPv4/IPv6 addresses printed in the usual way
1758 * IPv4 uses dot-separated decimal without leading 0's (1.2.3.4)
1759 * IPv6 uses colon separated network-order 16 bit hex with leading 0's
1761 * Generic IPv4/IPv6 address (struct sockaddr *) that falls back to
1762 * [4] or [6] and is able to print port [p], flowinfo [f], scope [s]
1763 * - 'i' [46] for 'raw' IPv4/IPv6 addresses
1764 * IPv6 omits the colons (01020304...0f)
1765 * IPv4 uses dot-separated decimal with leading 0's (010.123.045.006)
1767 * Generic IPv4/IPv6 address (struct sockaddr *) that falls back to
1768 * [4] or [6] and is able to print port [p], flowinfo [f], scope [s]
1769 * - '[Ii][4S][hnbl]' IPv4 addresses in host, network, big or little endian order
1770 * - 'I[6S]c' for IPv6 addresses printed as specified by
1771 * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952
1772 * - 'E[achnops]' For an escaped buffer, where rules are defined by combination
1773 * of the following flags (see string_escape_mem() for the
1776 * c - ESCAPE_SPECIAL
1782 * By default ESCAPE_ANY_NP is used.
1783 * - 'U' For a 16 byte UUID/GUID, it prints the UUID/GUID in the form
1784 * "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx"
1785 * Options for %pU are:
1786 * b big endian lower case hex (default)
1787 * B big endian UPPER case hex
1788 * l little endian lower case hex
1789 * L little endian UPPER case hex
1790 * big endian output byte order is:
1791 * [0][1][2][3]-[4][5]-[6][7]-[8][9]-[10][11][12][13][14][15]
1792 * little endian output byte order is:
1793 * [3][2][1][0]-[5][4]-[7][6]-[8][9]-[10][11][12][13][14][15]
1794 * - 'V' For a struct va_format which contains a format string * and va_list *,
1795 * call vsnprintf(->format, *->va_list).
1796 * Implements a "recursive vsnprintf".
1797 * Do not use this feature without some mechanism to verify the
1798 * correctness of the format string and va_list arguments.
1799 * - 'K' For a kernel pointer that should be hidden from unprivileged users
1800 * - 'NF' For a netdev_features_t
1801 * - 'h[CDN]' For a variable-length buffer, it prints it as a hex string with
1802 * a certain separator (' ' by default):
1806 * The maximum supported length is 64 bytes of the input. Consider
1807 * to use print_hex_dump() for the larger input.
1808 * - 'a[pd]' For address types [p] phys_addr_t, [d] dma_addr_t and derivatives
1809 * (default assumed to be phys_addr_t, passed by reference)
1810 * - 'd[234]' For a dentry name (optionally 2-4 last components)
1811 * - 'D[234]' Same as 'd' but for a struct file
1812 * - 'g' For block_device name (gendisk + partition number)
1813 * - 'C' For a clock, it prints the name (Common Clock Framework) or address
1814 * (legacy clock framework) of the clock
1815 * - 'Cn' For a clock, it prints the name (Common Clock Framework) or address
1816 * (legacy clock framework) of the clock
1817 * - 'Cr' For a clock, it prints the current rate of the clock
1818 * - 'G' For flags to be printed as a collection of symbolic strings that would
1819 * construct the specific value. Supported flags given by option:
1820 * p page flags (see struct page) given as pointer to unsigned long
1821 * g gfp flags (GFP_* and __GFP_*) given as pointer to gfp_t
1822 * v vma flags (VM_*) given as pointer to unsigned long
1823 * - 'O' For a kobject based struct. Must be one of the following:
1824 * - 'OF[fnpPcCF]' For a device tree object
1825 * Without any optional arguments prints the full_name
1826 * f device node full_name
1827 * n device node name
1828 * p device node phandle
1829 * P device node path spec (name + @unit)
1830 * F device node flags
1831 * c major compatible string
1832 * C full compatible string
1834 * - 'x' For printing the address. Equivalent to "%lx".
1836 * ** When making changes please also update:
1837 * Documentation/core-api/printk-formats.rst
1839 * Note: The difference between 'S' and 'F' is that on ia64 and ppc64
1840 * function pointers are really function descriptors, which contain a
1841 * pointer to the real address.
1843 * Note: The default behaviour (unadorned %p) is to hash the address,
1844 * rendering it useful as a unique identifier.
1846 static noinline_for_stack
1847 char *pointer(const char *fmt, char *buf, char *end, void *ptr,
1848 struct printf_spec spec)
1850 const int default_width = 2 * sizeof(void *);
1852 if (!ptr && *fmt != 'K') {
1854 * Print (null) with the same width as a pointer so it makes
1855 * tabular output look nice.
1857 if (spec.field_width == -1)
1858 spec.field_width = default_width;
1859 return string(buf, end, "(null)", spec);
1867 ptr = dereference_symbol_descriptor(ptr);
1870 return symbol_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1873 return resource_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1875 return hex_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1879 return bitmap_list_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1881 return bitmap_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1883 case 'M': /* Colon separated: 00:01:02:03:04:05 */
1884 case 'm': /* Contiguous: 000102030405 */
1886 /* [mM]R (Reverse order; Bluetooth) */
1887 return mac_address_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1888 case 'I': /* Formatted IP supported
1890 * 6: 0001:0203:...:0708
1891 * 6c: 1::708 or 1::1.2.3.4
1893 case 'i': /* Contiguous:
1894 * 4: 001.002.003.004
1899 return ip6_addr_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1901 return ip4_addr_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1904 struct sockaddr raw;
1905 struct sockaddr_in v4;
1906 struct sockaddr_in6 v6;
1909 switch (sa->raw.sa_family) {
1911 return ip4_addr_string_sa(buf, end, &sa->v4, spec, fmt);
1913 return ip6_addr_string_sa(buf, end, &sa->v6, spec, fmt);
1915 return string(buf, end, "(invalid address)", spec);
1920 return escaped_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1922 return uuid_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1927 va_copy(va, *((struct va_format *)ptr)->va);
1928 buf += vsnprintf(buf, end > buf ? end - buf : 0,
1929 ((struct va_format *)ptr)->fmt, va);
1936 return restricted_pointer(buf, end, ptr, spec);
1938 return netdev_bits(buf, end, ptr, fmt);
1940 return address_val(buf, end, ptr, fmt);
1942 return dentry_name(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1944 return clock(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1946 return dentry_name(buf, end,
1947 ((const struct file *)ptr)->f_path.dentry,
1951 return bdev_name(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1955 return flags_string(buf, end, ptr, fmt);
1959 return device_node_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt + 1);
1962 return pointer_string(buf, end, ptr, spec);
1965 /* default is to _not_ leak addresses, hash before printing */
1966 return ptr_to_id(buf, end, ptr, spec);
1970 * Helper function to decode printf style format.
1971 * Each call decode a token from the format and return the
1972 * number of characters read (or likely the delta where it wants
1973 * to go on the next call).
1974 * The decoded token is returned through the parameters
1976 * 'h', 'l', or 'L' for integer fields
1977 * 'z' support added 23/7/1999 S.H.
1978 * 'z' changed to 'Z' --davidm 1/25/99
1979 * 'Z' changed to 'z' --adobriyan 2017-01-25
1980 * 't' added for ptrdiff_t
1982 * @fmt: the format string
1983 * @type of the token returned
1984 * @flags: various flags such as +, -, # tokens..
1985 * @field_width: overwritten width
1986 * @base: base of the number (octal, hex, ...)
1987 * @precision: precision of a number
1988 * @qualifier: qualifier of a number (long, size_t, ...)
1990 static noinline_for_stack
1991 int format_decode(const char *fmt, struct printf_spec *spec)
1993 const char *start = fmt;
1996 /* we finished early by reading the field width */
1997 if (spec->type == FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH) {
1998 if (spec->field_width < 0) {
1999 spec->field_width = -spec->field_width;
2000 spec->flags |= LEFT;
2002 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_NONE;
2006 /* we finished early by reading the precision */
2007 if (spec->type == FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION) {
2008 if (spec->precision < 0)
2009 spec->precision = 0;
2011 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_NONE;
2016 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_NONE;
2018 for (; *fmt ; ++fmt) {
2023 /* Return the current non-format string */
2024 if (fmt != start || !*fmt)
2030 while (1) { /* this also skips first '%' */
2036 case '-': spec->flags |= LEFT; break;
2037 case '+': spec->flags |= PLUS; break;
2038 case ' ': spec->flags |= SPACE; break;
2039 case '#': spec->flags |= SPECIAL; break;
2040 case '0': spec->flags |= ZEROPAD; break;
2041 default: found = false;
2048 /* get field width */
2049 spec->field_width = -1;
2052 spec->field_width = skip_atoi(&fmt);
2053 else if (*fmt == '*') {
2054 /* it's the next argument */
2055 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH;
2056 return ++fmt - start;
2060 /* get the precision */
2061 spec->precision = -1;
2064 if (isdigit(*fmt)) {
2065 spec->precision = skip_atoi(&fmt);
2066 if (spec->precision < 0)
2067 spec->precision = 0;
2068 } else if (*fmt == '*') {
2069 /* it's the next argument */
2070 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION;
2071 return ++fmt - start;
2076 /* get the conversion qualifier */
2078 if (*fmt == 'h' || _tolower(*fmt) == 'l' ||
2079 *fmt == 'z' || *fmt == 't') {
2081 if (unlikely(qualifier == *fmt)) {
2082 if (qualifier == 'l') {
2085 } else if (qualifier == 'h') {
2096 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR;
2097 return ++fmt - start;
2100 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_STR;
2101 return ++fmt - start;
2104 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PTR;
2105 return ++fmt - start;
2108 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR;
2109 return ++fmt - start;
2111 /* integer number formats - set up the flags and "break" */
2117 spec->flags |= SMALL;
2125 spec->flags |= SIGN;
2131 * Since %n poses a greater security risk than
2132 * utility, treat it as any other invalid or
2133 * unsupported format specifier.
2138 WARN_ONCE(1, "Please remove unsupported %%%c in format string\n", *fmt);
2139 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID;
2143 if (qualifier == 'L')
2144 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG;
2145 else if (qualifier == 'l') {
2146 BUILD_BUG_ON(FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG + SIGN != FORMAT_TYPE_LONG);
2147 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG + (spec->flags & SIGN);
2148 } else if (qualifier == 'z') {
2149 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T;
2150 } else if (qualifier == 't') {
2151 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF;
2152 } else if (qualifier == 'H') {
2153 BUILD_BUG_ON(FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE + SIGN != FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE);
2154 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE + (spec->flags & SIGN);
2155 } else if (qualifier == 'h') {
2156 BUILD_BUG_ON(FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT + SIGN != FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT);
2157 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT + (spec->flags & SIGN);
2159 BUILD_BUG_ON(FORMAT_TYPE_UINT + SIGN != FORMAT_TYPE_INT);
2160 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_UINT + (spec->flags & SIGN);
2163 return ++fmt - start;
2167 set_field_width(struct printf_spec *spec, int width)
2169 spec->field_width = width;
2170 if (WARN_ONCE(spec->field_width != width, "field width %d too large", width)) {
2171 spec->field_width = clamp(width, -FIELD_WIDTH_MAX, FIELD_WIDTH_MAX);
2176 set_precision(struct printf_spec *spec, int prec)
2178 spec->precision = prec;
2179 if (WARN_ONCE(spec->precision != prec, "precision %d too large", prec)) {
2180 spec->precision = clamp(prec, 0, PRECISION_MAX);
2185 * vsnprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2186 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2187 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2188 * @fmt: The format string to use
2189 * @args: Arguments for the format string
2191 * This function generally follows C99 vsnprintf, but has some
2192 * extensions and a few limitations:
2194 * - ``%n`` is unsupported
2195 * - ``%p*`` is handled by pointer()
2197 * See pointer() or Documentation/core-api/printk-formats.rst for more
2198 * extensive description.
2200 * **Please update the documentation in both places when making changes**
2202 * The return value is the number of characters which would
2203 * be generated for the given input, excluding the trailing
2204 * '\0', as per ISO C99. If you want to have the exact
2205 * number of characters written into @buf as return value
2206 * (not including the trailing '\0'), use vscnprintf(). If the
2207 * return is greater than or equal to @size, the resulting
2208 * string is truncated.
2210 * If you're not already dealing with a va_list consider using snprintf().
2212 int vsnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2214 unsigned long long num;
2216 struct printf_spec spec = {0};
2218 /* Reject out-of-range values early. Large positive sizes are
2219 used for unknown buffer sizes. */
2220 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(size > INT_MAX))
2226 /* Make sure end is always >= buf */
2233 const char *old_fmt = fmt;
2234 int read = format_decode(fmt, &spec);
2238 switch (spec.type) {
2239 case FORMAT_TYPE_NONE: {
2242 if (copy > end - str)
2244 memcpy(str, old_fmt, copy);
2250 case FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH:
2251 set_field_width(&spec, va_arg(args, int));
2254 case FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION:
2255 set_precision(&spec, va_arg(args, int));
2258 case FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR: {
2261 if (!(spec.flags & LEFT)) {
2262 while (--spec.field_width > 0) {
2269 c = (unsigned char) va_arg(args, int);
2273 while (--spec.field_width > 0) {
2281 case FORMAT_TYPE_STR:
2282 str = string(str, end, va_arg(args, char *), spec);
2285 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTR:
2286 str = pointer(fmt, str, end, va_arg(args, void *),
2288 while (isalnum(*fmt))
2292 case FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR:
2298 case FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID:
2300 * Presumably the arguments passed gcc's type
2301 * checking, but there is no safe or sane way
2302 * for us to continue parsing the format and
2303 * fetching from the va_list; the remaining
2304 * specifiers and arguments would be out of
2310 switch (spec.type) {
2311 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG:
2312 num = va_arg(args, long long);
2314 case FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG:
2315 num = va_arg(args, unsigned long);
2317 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG:
2318 num = va_arg(args, long);
2320 case FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T:
2321 if (spec.flags & SIGN)
2322 num = va_arg(args, ssize_t);
2324 num = va_arg(args, size_t);
2326 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF:
2327 num = va_arg(args, ptrdiff_t);
2329 case FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE:
2330 num = (unsigned char) va_arg(args, int);
2332 case FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE:
2333 num = (signed char) va_arg(args, int);
2335 case FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT:
2336 num = (unsigned short) va_arg(args, int);
2338 case FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT:
2339 num = (short) va_arg(args, int);
2341 case FORMAT_TYPE_INT:
2342 num = (int) va_arg(args, int);
2345 num = va_arg(args, unsigned int);
2348 str = number(str, end, num, spec);
2360 /* the trailing null byte doesn't count towards the total */
2364 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vsnprintf);
2367 * vscnprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2368 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2369 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2370 * @fmt: The format string to use
2371 * @args: Arguments for the format string
2373 * The return value is the number of characters which have been written into
2374 * the @buf not including the trailing '\0'. If @size is == 0 the function
2377 * If you're not already dealing with a va_list consider using scnprintf().
2379 * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
2381 int vscnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2385 i = vsnprintf(buf, size, fmt, args);
2387 if (likely(i < size))
2393 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vscnprintf);
2396 * snprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2397 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2398 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2399 * @fmt: The format string to use
2400 * @...: Arguments for the format string
2402 * The return value is the number of characters which would be
2403 * generated for the given input, excluding the trailing null,
2404 * as per ISO C99. If the return is greater than or equal to
2405 * @size, the resulting string is truncated.
2407 * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
2409 int snprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...)
2414 va_start(args, fmt);
2415 i = vsnprintf(buf, size, fmt, args);
2420 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snprintf);
2423 * scnprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2424 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2425 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2426 * @fmt: The format string to use
2427 * @...: Arguments for the format string
2429 * The return value is the number of characters written into @buf not including
2430 * the trailing '\0'. If @size is == 0 the function returns 0.
2433 int scnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...)
2438 va_start(args, fmt);
2439 i = vscnprintf(buf, size, fmt, args);
2444 EXPORT_SYMBOL(scnprintf);
2447 * vsprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2448 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2449 * @fmt: The format string to use
2450 * @args: Arguments for the format string
2452 * The function returns the number of characters written
2453 * into @buf. Use vsnprintf() or vscnprintf() in order to avoid
2456 * If you're not already dealing with a va_list consider using sprintf().
2458 * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
2460 int vsprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2462 return vsnprintf(buf, INT_MAX, fmt, args);
2464 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vsprintf);
2467 * sprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2468 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2469 * @fmt: The format string to use
2470 * @...: Arguments for the format string
2472 * The function returns the number of characters written
2473 * into @buf. Use snprintf() or scnprintf() in order to avoid
2476 * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
2478 int sprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
2483 va_start(args, fmt);
2484 i = vsnprintf(buf, INT_MAX, fmt, args);
2489 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sprintf);
2491 #ifdef CONFIG_BINARY_PRINTF
2494 * vbin_printf() - VA arguments to binary data
2495 * bstr_printf() - Binary data to text string
2499 * vbin_printf - Parse a format string and place args' binary value in a buffer
2500 * @bin_buf: The buffer to place args' binary value
2501 * @size: The size of the buffer(by words(32bits), not characters)
2502 * @fmt: The format string to use
2503 * @args: Arguments for the format string
2505 * The format follows C99 vsnprintf, except %n is ignored, and its argument
2508 * The return value is the number of words(32bits) which would be generated for
2512 * If the return value is greater than @size, the resulting bin_buf is NOT
2513 * valid for bstr_printf().
2515 int vbin_printf(u32 *bin_buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2517 struct printf_spec spec = {0};
2521 str = (char *)bin_buf;
2522 end = (char *)(bin_buf + size);
2524 #define save_arg(type) \
2526 unsigned long long value; \
2527 if (sizeof(type) == 8) { \
2528 unsigned long long val8; \
2529 str = PTR_ALIGN(str, sizeof(u32)); \
2530 val8 = va_arg(args, unsigned long long); \
2531 if (str + sizeof(type) <= end) { \
2532 *(u32 *)str = *(u32 *)&val8; \
2533 *(u32 *)(str + 4) = *((u32 *)&val8 + 1); \
2537 unsigned int val4; \
2538 str = PTR_ALIGN(str, sizeof(type)); \
2539 val4 = va_arg(args, int); \
2540 if (str + sizeof(type) <= end) \
2541 *(typeof(type) *)str = (type)(long)val4; \
2542 value = (unsigned long long)val4; \
2544 str += sizeof(type); \
2549 int read = format_decode(fmt, &spec);
2553 switch (spec.type) {
2554 case FORMAT_TYPE_NONE:
2555 case FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR:
2557 case FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID:
2560 case FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH:
2561 case FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION:
2562 width = (int)save_arg(int);
2563 /* Pointers may require the width */
2565 set_field_width(&spec, width);
2568 case FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR:
2572 case FORMAT_TYPE_STR: {
2573 const char *save_str = va_arg(args, char *);
2576 if ((unsigned long)save_str > (unsigned long)-PAGE_SIZE
2577 || (unsigned long)save_str < PAGE_SIZE)
2578 save_str = "(null)";
2579 len = strlen(save_str) + 1;
2580 if (str + len < end)
2581 memcpy(str, save_str, len);
2586 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTR:
2587 /* Dereferenced pointers must be done now */
2589 /* Dereference of functions is still OK */
2597 if (!isalnum(*fmt)) {
2601 str = pointer(fmt, str, end, va_arg(args, void *),
2606 end[-1] = '\0'; /* Must be nul terminated */
2608 /* skip all alphanumeric pointer suffixes */
2609 while (isalnum(*fmt))
2614 switch (spec.type) {
2616 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG:
2617 save_arg(long long);
2619 case FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG:
2620 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG:
2621 save_arg(unsigned long);
2623 case FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T:
2626 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF:
2627 save_arg(ptrdiff_t);
2629 case FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE:
2630 case FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE:
2633 case FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT:
2634 case FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT:
2644 return (u32 *)(PTR_ALIGN(str, sizeof(u32))) - bin_buf;
2647 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vbin_printf);
2650 * bstr_printf - Format a string from binary arguments and place it in a buffer
2651 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2652 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2653 * @fmt: The format string to use
2654 * @bin_buf: Binary arguments for the format string
2656 * This function like C99 vsnprintf, but the difference is that vsnprintf gets
2657 * arguments from stack, and bstr_printf gets arguments from @bin_buf which is
2658 * a binary buffer that generated by vbin_printf.
2660 * The format follows C99 vsnprintf, but has some extensions:
2661 * see vsnprintf comment for details.
2663 * The return value is the number of characters which would
2664 * be generated for the given input, excluding the trailing
2665 * '\0', as per ISO C99. If you want to have the exact
2666 * number of characters written into @buf as return value
2667 * (not including the trailing '\0'), use vscnprintf(). If the
2668 * return is greater than or equal to @size, the resulting
2669 * string is truncated.
2671 int bstr_printf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, const u32 *bin_buf)
2673 struct printf_spec spec = {0};
2675 const char *args = (const char *)bin_buf;
2677 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(size > INT_MAX))
2683 #define get_arg(type) \
2685 typeof(type) value; \
2686 if (sizeof(type) == 8) { \
2687 args = PTR_ALIGN(args, sizeof(u32)); \
2688 *(u32 *)&value = *(u32 *)args; \
2689 *((u32 *)&value + 1) = *(u32 *)(args + 4); \
2691 args = PTR_ALIGN(args, sizeof(type)); \
2692 value = *(typeof(type) *)args; \
2694 args += sizeof(type); \
2698 /* Make sure end is always >= buf */
2705 const char *old_fmt = fmt;
2706 int read = format_decode(fmt, &spec);
2710 switch (spec.type) {
2711 case FORMAT_TYPE_NONE: {
2714 if (copy > end - str)
2716 memcpy(str, old_fmt, copy);
2722 case FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH:
2723 set_field_width(&spec, get_arg(int));
2726 case FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION:
2727 set_precision(&spec, get_arg(int));
2730 case FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR: {
2733 if (!(spec.flags & LEFT)) {
2734 while (--spec.field_width > 0) {
2740 c = (unsigned char) get_arg(char);
2744 while (--spec.field_width > 0) {
2752 case FORMAT_TYPE_STR: {
2753 const char *str_arg = args;
2754 args += strlen(str_arg) + 1;
2755 str = string(str, end, (char *)str_arg, spec);
2759 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTR: {
2760 bool process = false;
2762 /* Non function dereferences were already done */
2771 if (!isalnum(*fmt)) {
2775 /* Pointer dereference was already processed */
2777 len = copy = strlen(args);
2778 if (copy > end - str)
2780 memcpy(str, args, copy);
2786 str = pointer(fmt, str, end, get_arg(void *), spec);
2788 while (isalnum(*fmt))
2793 case FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR:
2799 case FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID:
2803 unsigned long long num;
2805 switch (spec.type) {
2807 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG:
2808 num = get_arg(long long);
2810 case FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG:
2811 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG:
2812 num = get_arg(unsigned long);
2814 case FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T:
2815 num = get_arg(size_t);
2817 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF:
2818 num = get_arg(ptrdiff_t);
2820 case FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE:
2821 num = get_arg(unsigned char);
2823 case FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE:
2824 num = get_arg(signed char);
2826 case FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT:
2827 num = get_arg(unsigned short);
2829 case FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT:
2830 num = get_arg(short);
2832 case FORMAT_TYPE_UINT:
2833 num = get_arg(unsigned int);
2839 str = number(str, end, num, spec);
2841 } /* switch(spec.type) */
2854 /* the trailing null byte doesn't count towards the total */
2857 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bstr_printf);
2860 * bprintf - Parse a format string and place args' binary value in a buffer
2861 * @bin_buf: The buffer to place args' binary value
2862 * @size: The size of the buffer(by words(32bits), not characters)
2863 * @fmt: The format string to use
2864 * @...: Arguments for the format string
2866 * The function returns the number of words(u32) written
2869 int bprintf(u32 *bin_buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...)
2874 va_start(args, fmt);
2875 ret = vbin_printf(bin_buf, size, fmt, args);
2880 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bprintf);
2882 #endif /* CONFIG_BINARY_PRINTF */
2885 * vsscanf - Unformat a buffer into a list of arguments
2886 * @buf: input buffer
2887 * @fmt: format of buffer
2890 int vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2892 const char *str = buf;
2900 unsigned long long u;
2906 /* skip any white space in format */
2907 /* white space in format matchs any amount of
2908 * white space, including none, in the input.
2910 if (isspace(*fmt)) {
2911 fmt = skip_spaces(++fmt);
2912 str = skip_spaces(str);
2915 /* anything that is not a conversion must match exactly */
2916 if (*fmt != '%' && *fmt) {
2917 if (*fmt++ != *str++)
2926 /* skip this conversion.
2927 * advance both strings to next white space
2932 while (!isspace(*fmt) && *fmt != '%' && *fmt) {
2933 /* '%*[' not yet supported, invalid format */
2938 while (!isspace(*str) && *str)
2943 /* get field width */
2945 if (isdigit(*fmt)) {
2946 field_width = skip_atoi(&fmt);
2947 if (field_width <= 0)
2951 /* get conversion qualifier */
2953 if (*fmt == 'h' || _tolower(*fmt) == 'l' ||
2956 if (unlikely(qualifier == *fmt)) {
2957 if (qualifier == 'h') {
2960 } else if (qualifier == 'l') {
2971 /* return number of characters read so far */
2972 *va_arg(args, int *) = str - buf;
2986 char *s = (char *)va_arg(args, char*);
2987 if (field_width == -1)
2991 } while (--field_width > 0 && *str);
2997 char *s = (char *)va_arg(args, char *);
2998 if (field_width == -1)
2999 field_width = SHRT_MAX;
3000 /* first, skip leading white space in buffer */
3001 str = skip_spaces(str);
3003 /* now copy until next white space */
3004 while (*str && !isspace(*str) && field_width--)
3011 * Warning: This implementation of the '[' conversion specifier
3012 * deviates from its glibc counterpart in the following ways:
3013 * (1) It does NOT support ranges i.e. '-' is NOT a special
3015 * (2) It cannot match the closing bracket ']' itself
3016 * (3) A field width is required
3017 * (4) '%*[' (discard matching input) is currently not supported
3020 * ret = sscanf("00:0a:95","%2[^:]:%2[^:]:%2[^:]",
3021 * buf1, buf2, buf3);
3027 char *s = (char *)va_arg(args, char *);
3028 DECLARE_BITMAP(set, 256) = {0};
3029 unsigned int len = 0;
3030 bool negate = (*fmt == '^');
3032 /* field width is required */
3033 if (field_width == -1)
3039 for ( ; *fmt && *fmt != ']'; ++fmt, ++len)
3040 set_bit((u8)*fmt, set);
3042 /* no ']' or no character set found */
3048 bitmap_complement(set, set, 256);
3049 /* exclude null '\0' byte */
3053 /* match must be non-empty */
3054 if (!test_bit((u8)*str, set))
3057 while (test_bit((u8)*str, set) && field_width--)
3077 /* looking for '%' in str */
3082 /* invalid format; stop here */
3086 /* have some sort of integer conversion.
3087 * first, skip white space in buffer.
3089 str = skip_spaces(str);
3092 if (is_sign && digit == '-')
3096 || (base == 16 && !isxdigit(digit))
3097 || (base == 10 && !isdigit(digit))
3098 || (base == 8 && (!isdigit(digit) || digit > '7'))
3099 || (base == 0 && !isdigit(digit)))
3103 val.s = qualifier != 'L' ?
3104 simple_strtol(str, &next, base) :
3105 simple_strtoll(str, &next, base);
3107 val.u = qualifier != 'L' ?
3108 simple_strtoul(str, &next, base) :
3109 simple_strtoull(str, &next, base);
3111 if (field_width > 0 && next - str > field_width) {
3113 _parse_integer_fixup_radix(str, &base);
3114 while (next - str > field_width) {
3116 val.s = div_s64(val.s, base);
3118 val.u = div_u64(val.u, base);
3123 switch (qualifier) {
3124 case 'H': /* that's 'hh' in format */
3126 *va_arg(args, signed char *) = val.s;
3128 *va_arg(args, unsigned char *) = val.u;
3132 *va_arg(args, short *) = val.s;
3134 *va_arg(args, unsigned short *) = val.u;
3138 *va_arg(args, long *) = val.s;
3140 *va_arg(args, unsigned long *) = val.u;
3144 *va_arg(args, long long *) = val.s;
3146 *va_arg(args, unsigned long long *) = val.u;
3149 *va_arg(args, size_t *) = val.u;
3153 *va_arg(args, int *) = val.s;
3155 *va_arg(args, unsigned int *) = val.u;
3167 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vsscanf);
3170 * sscanf - Unformat a buffer into a list of arguments
3171 * @buf: input buffer
3172 * @fmt: formatting of buffer
3173 * @...: resulting arguments
3175 int sscanf(const char *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
3180 va_start(args, fmt);
3181 i = vsscanf(buf, fmt, args);
3186 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sscanf);