4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 /* vsprintf.c -- Lars Wirzenius & Linus Torvalds. */
9 * Wirzenius wrote this portably, Torvalds fucked it up :-)
13 * Fri Jul 13 2001 Crutcher Dunnavant <crutcher+kernel@datastacks.com>
14 * - changed to provide snprintf and vsnprintf functions
15 * So Feb 1 16:51:32 CET 2004 Juergen Quade <quade@hsnr.de>
16 * - scnprintf and vscnprintf
20 #include <linux/clk.h>
21 #include <linux/clk-provider.h>
22 #include <linux/module.h> /* for KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN */
23 #include <linux/types.h>
24 #include <linux/string.h>
25 #include <linux/ctype.h>
26 #include <linux/kernel.h>
27 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
28 #include <linux/math64.h>
29 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
30 #include <linux/ioport.h>
31 #include <linux/dcache.h>
32 #include <linux/cred.h>
33 #include <linux/uuid.h>
35 #include <net/addrconf.h>
36 #include <linux/siphash.h>
37 #include <linux/compiler.h>
39 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
42 #include "../mm/internal.h" /* For the trace_print_flags arrays */
44 #include <asm/page.h> /* for PAGE_SIZE */
45 #include <asm/byteorder.h> /* cpu_to_le16 */
47 #include <linux/string_helpers.h>
51 * simple_strtoull - convert a string to an unsigned long long
52 * @cp: The start of the string
53 * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
54 * @base: The number base to use
56 * This function is obsolete. Please use kstrtoull instead.
58 unsigned long long simple_strtoull(const char *cp, char **endp, unsigned int base)
60 unsigned long long result;
63 cp = _parse_integer_fixup_radix(cp, &base);
64 rv = _parse_integer(cp, base, &result);
66 cp += (rv & ~KSTRTOX_OVERFLOW);
73 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtoull);
76 * simple_strtoul - convert a string to an unsigned long
77 * @cp: The start of the string
78 * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
79 * @base: The number base to use
81 * This function is obsolete. Please use kstrtoul instead.
83 unsigned long simple_strtoul(const char *cp, char **endp, unsigned int base)
85 return simple_strtoull(cp, endp, base);
87 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtoul);
90 * simple_strtol - convert a string to a signed long
91 * @cp: The start of the string
92 * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
93 * @base: The number base to use
95 * This function is obsolete. Please use kstrtol instead.
97 long simple_strtol(const char *cp, char **endp, unsigned int base)
100 return -simple_strtoul(cp + 1, endp, base);
102 return simple_strtoul(cp, endp, base);
104 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtol);
107 * simple_strtoll - convert a string to a signed long long
108 * @cp: The start of the string
109 * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
110 * @base: The number base to use
112 * This function is obsolete. Please use kstrtoll instead.
114 long long simple_strtoll(const char *cp, char **endp, unsigned int base)
117 return -simple_strtoull(cp + 1, endp, base);
119 return simple_strtoull(cp, endp, base);
121 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtoll);
123 static noinline_for_stack
124 int skip_atoi(const char **s)
129 i = i*10 + *((*s)++) - '0';
130 } while (isdigit(**s));
136 * Decimal conversion is by far the most typical, and is used for
137 * /proc and /sys data. This directly impacts e.g. top performance
138 * with many processes running. We optimize it for speed by emitting
139 * two characters at a time, using a 200 byte lookup table. This
140 * roughly halves the number of multiplications compared to computing
141 * the digits one at a time. Implementation strongly inspired by the
142 * previous version, which in turn used ideas described at
143 * <http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/bcd/divide.html> (with permission
144 * from the author, Douglas W. Jones).
146 * It turns out there is precisely one 26 bit fixed-point
147 * approximation a of 64/100 for which x/100 == (x * (u64)a) >> 32
148 * holds for all x in [0, 10^8-1], namely a = 0x28f5c29. The actual
149 * range happens to be somewhat larger (x <= 1073741898), but that's
150 * irrelevant for our purpose.
152 * For dividing a number in the range [10^4, 10^6-1] by 100, we still
153 * need a 32x32->64 bit multiply, so we simply use the same constant.
155 * For dividing a number in the range [100, 10^4-1] by 100, there are
156 * several options. The simplest is (x * 0x147b) >> 19, which is valid
157 * for all x <= 43698.
160 static const u16 decpair[100] = {
161 #define _(x) (__force u16) cpu_to_le16(((x % 10) | ((x / 10) << 8)) + 0x3030)
162 _( 0), _( 1), _( 2), _( 3), _( 4), _( 5), _( 6), _( 7), _( 8), _( 9),
163 _(10), _(11), _(12), _(13), _(14), _(15), _(16), _(17), _(18), _(19),
164 _(20), _(21), _(22), _(23), _(24), _(25), _(26), _(27), _(28), _(29),
165 _(30), _(31), _(32), _(33), _(34), _(35), _(36), _(37), _(38), _(39),
166 _(40), _(41), _(42), _(43), _(44), _(45), _(46), _(47), _(48), _(49),
167 _(50), _(51), _(52), _(53), _(54), _(55), _(56), _(57), _(58), _(59),
168 _(60), _(61), _(62), _(63), _(64), _(65), _(66), _(67), _(68), _(69),
169 _(70), _(71), _(72), _(73), _(74), _(75), _(76), _(77), _(78), _(79),
170 _(80), _(81), _(82), _(83), _(84), _(85), _(86), _(87), _(88), _(89),
171 _(90), _(91), _(92), _(93), _(94), _(95), _(96), _(97), _(98), _(99),
176 * This will print a single '0' even if r == 0, since we would
177 * immediately jump to out_r where two 0s would be written but only
178 * one of them accounted for in buf. This is needed by ip4_string
179 * below. All other callers pass a non-zero value of r.
181 static noinline_for_stack
182 char *put_dec_trunc8(char *buf, unsigned r)
190 /* 100 <= r < 10^8 */
191 q = (r * (u64)0x28f5c29) >> 32;
192 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
199 /* 100 <= q < 10^6 */
200 r = (q * (u64)0x28f5c29) >> 32;
201 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[q - 100*r];
208 /* 100 <= r < 10^4 */
209 q = (r * 0x147b) >> 19;
210 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
217 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r];
218 buf += r < 10 ? 1 : 2;
222 #if BITS_PER_LONG == 64 && BITS_PER_LONG_LONG == 64
223 static noinline_for_stack
224 char *put_dec_full8(char *buf, unsigned r)
229 q = (r * (u64)0x28f5c29) >> 32;
230 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
234 r = (q * (u64)0x28f5c29) >> 32;
235 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[q - 100*r];
239 q = (r * 0x147b) >> 19;
240 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
244 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[q];
249 static noinline_for_stack
250 char *put_dec(char *buf, unsigned long long n)
252 if (n >= 100*1000*1000)
253 buf = put_dec_full8(buf, do_div(n, 100*1000*1000));
254 /* 1 <= n <= 1.6e11 */
255 if (n >= 100*1000*1000)
256 buf = put_dec_full8(buf, do_div(n, 100*1000*1000));
258 return put_dec_trunc8(buf, n);
261 #elif BITS_PER_LONG == 32 && BITS_PER_LONG_LONG == 64
264 put_dec_full4(char *buf, unsigned r)
269 q = (r * 0x147b) >> 19;
270 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[r - 100*q];
273 *((u16 *)buf) = decpair[q];
277 * Call put_dec_full4 on x % 10000, return x / 10000.
278 * The approximation x/10000 == (x * 0x346DC5D7) >> 43
279 * holds for all x < 1,128,869,999. The largest value this
280 * helper will ever be asked to convert is 1,125,520,955.
281 * (second call in the put_dec code, assuming n is all-ones).
283 static noinline_for_stack
284 unsigned put_dec_helper4(char *buf, unsigned x)
286 uint32_t q = (x * (uint64_t)0x346DC5D7) >> 43;
288 put_dec_full4(buf, x - q * 10000);
292 /* Based on code by Douglas W. Jones found at
293 * <http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/bcd/decimal.html#sixtyfour>
294 * (with permission from the author).
295 * Performs no 64-bit division and hence should be fast on 32-bit machines.
298 char *put_dec(char *buf, unsigned long long n)
300 uint32_t d3, d2, d1, q, h;
302 if (n < 100*1000*1000)
303 return put_dec_trunc8(buf, n);
305 d1 = ((uint32_t)n >> 16); /* implicit "& 0xffff" */
308 d3 = (h >> 16); /* implicit "& 0xffff" */
310 /* n = 2^48 d3 + 2^32 d2 + 2^16 d1 + d0
311 = 281_4749_7671_0656 d3 + 42_9496_7296 d2 + 6_5536 d1 + d0 */
312 q = 656 * d3 + 7296 * d2 + 5536 * d1 + ((uint32_t)n & 0xffff);
313 q = put_dec_helper4(buf, q);
315 q += 7671 * d3 + 9496 * d2 + 6 * d1;
316 q = put_dec_helper4(buf+4, q);
318 q += 4749 * d3 + 42 * d2;
319 q = put_dec_helper4(buf+8, q);
324 buf = put_dec_trunc8(buf, q);
325 else while (buf[-1] == '0')
334 * Convert passed number to decimal string.
335 * Returns the length of string. On buffer overflow, returns 0.
337 * If speed is not important, use snprintf(). It's easy to read the code.
339 int num_to_str(char *buf, int size, unsigned long long num, unsigned int width)
341 /* put_dec requires 2-byte alignment of the buffer. */
342 char tmp[sizeof(num) * 3] __aligned(2);
345 /* put_dec() may work incorrectly for num = 0 (generate "", not "0") */
350 len = put_dec(tmp, num) - tmp;
353 if (len > size || width > size)
358 for (idx = 0; idx < width; idx++)
364 for (idx = 0; idx < len; ++idx)
365 buf[idx + width] = tmp[len - idx - 1];
370 #define SIGN 1 /* unsigned/signed, must be 1 */
371 #define LEFT 2 /* left justified */
372 #define PLUS 4 /* show plus */
373 #define SPACE 8 /* space if plus */
374 #define ZEROPAD 16 /* pad with zero, must be 16 == '0' - ' ' */
375 #define SMALL 32 /* use lowercase in hex (must be 32 == 0x20) */
376 #define SPECIAL 64 /* prefix hex with "0x", octal with "0" */
379 FORMAT_TYPE_NONE, /* Just a string part */
381 FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION,
385 FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR,
387 FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG,
401 unsigned int type:8; /* format_type enum */
402 signed int field_width:24; /* width of output field */
403 unsigned int flags:8; /* flags to number() */
404 unsigned int base:8; /* number base, 8, 10 or 16 only */
405 signed int precision:16; /* # of digits/chars */
407 #define FIELD_WIDTH_MAX ((1 << 23) - 1)
408 #define PRECISION_MAX ((1 << 15) - 1)
410 static noinline_for_stack
411 char *number(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long long num,
412 struct printf_spec spec)
414 /* put_dec requires 2-byte alignment of the buffer. */
415 char tmp[3 * sizeof(num)] __aligned(2);
418 int need_pfx = ((spec.flags & SPECIAL) && spec.base != 10);
420 bool is_zero = num == 0LL;
421 int field_width = spec.field_width;
422 int precision = spec.precision;
424 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct printf_spec) != 8);
426 /* locase = 0 or 0x20. ORing digits or letters with 'locase'
427 * produces same digits or (maybe lowercased) letters */
428 locase = (spec.flags & SMALL);
429 if (spec.flags & LEFT)
430 spec.flags &= ~ZEROPAD;
432 if (spec.flags & SIGN) {
433 if ((signed long long)num < 0) {
435 num = -(signed long long)num;
437 } else if (spec.flags & PLUS) {
440 } else if (spec.flags & SPACE) {
452 /* generate full string in tmp[], in reverse order */
455 tmp[i++] = hex_asc_upper[num] | locase;
456 else if (spec.base != 10) { /* 8 or 16 */
457 int mask = spec.base - 1;
463 tmp[i++] = (hex_asc_upper[((unsigned char)num) & mask] | locase);
466 } else { /* base 10 */
467 i = put_dec(tmp, num) - tmp;
470 /* printing 100 using %2d gives "100", not "00" */
473 /* leading space padding */
474 field_width -= precision;
475 if (!(spec.flags & (ZEROPAD | LEFT))) {
476 while (--field_width >= 0) {
488 /* "0x" / "0" prefix */
490 if (spec.base == 16 || !is_zero) {
495 if (spec.base == 16) {
497 *buf = ('X' | locase);
501 /* zero or space padding */
502 if (!(spec.flags & LEFT)) {
503 char c = ' ' + (spec.flags & ZEROPAD);
504 BUILD_BUG_ON(' ' + ZEROPAD != '0');
505 while (--field_width >= 0) {
511 /* hmm even more zero padding? */
512 while (i <= --precision) {
517 /* actual digits of result */
523 /* trailing space padding */
524 while (--field_width >= 0) {
533 static noinline_for_stack
534 char *special_hex_number(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long long num, int size)
536 struct printf_spec spec;
538 spec.type = FORMAT_TYPE_PTR;
539 spec.field_width = 2 + 2 * size; /* 0x + hex */
540 spec.flags = SPECIAL | SMALL | ZEROPAD;
544 return number(buf, end, num, spec);
547 static void move_right(char *buf, char *end, unsigned len, unsigned spaces)
550 if (buf >= end) /* nowhere to put anything */
553 if (size <= spaces) {
554 memset(buf, ' ', size);
558 if (len > size - spaces)
560 memmove(buf + spaces, buf, len);
562 memset(buf, ' ', spaces);
566 * Handle field width padding for a string.
567 * @buf: current buffer position
568 * @n: length of string
569 * @end: end of output buffer
570 * @spec: for field width and flags
571 * Returns: new buffer position after padding.
573 static noinline_for_stack
574 char *widen_string(char *buf, int n, char *end, struct printf_spec spec)
578 if (likely(n >= spec.field_width))
580 /* we want to pad the sucker */
581 spaces = spec.field_width - n;
582 if (!(spec.flags & LEFT)) {
583 move_right(buf - n, end, n, spaces);
594 static noinline_for_stack
595 char *string(char *buf, char *end, const char *s, struct printf_spec spec)
598 size_t lim = spec.precision;
600 if ((unsigned long)s < PAGE_SIZE)
612 return widen_string(buf, len, end, spec);
615 static noinline_for_stack
616 char *dentry_name(char *buf, char *end, const struct dentry *d, struct printf_spec spec,
619 const char *array[4], *s;
620 const struct dentry *p;
625 case '2': case '3': case '4':
626 depth = fmt[1] - '0';
633 for (i = 0; i < depth; i++, d = p) {
634 p = READ_ONCE(d->d_parent);
635 array[i] = READ_ONCE(d->d_name.name);
644 for (n = 0; n != spec.precision; n++, buf++) {
656 return widen_string(buf, n, end, spec);
660 static noinline_for_stack
661 char *bdev_name(char *buf, char *end, struct block_device *bdev,
662 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
664 struct gendisk *hd = bdev->bd_disk;
666 buf = string(buf, end, hd->disk_name, spec);
667 if (bdev->bd_part->partno) {
668 if (isdigit(hd->disk_name[strlen(hd->disk_name)-1])) {
673 buf = number(buf, end, bdev->bd_part->partno, spec);
679 static noinline_for_stack
680 char *symbol_string(char *buf, char *end, void *ptr,
681 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
684 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
685 char sym[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
689 ptr = __builtin_extract_return_addr(ptr);
690 value = (unsigned long)ptr;
692 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
694 sprint_backtrace(sym, value);
695 else if (*fmt != 'f' && *fmt != 's')
696 sprint_symbol(sym, value);
698 sprint_symbol_no_offset(sym, value);
700 return string(buf, end, sym, spec);
702 return special_hex_number(buf, end, value, sizeof(void *));
706 static const struct printf_spec default_str_spec = {
711 static const struct printf_spec default_flag_spec = {
714 .flags = SPECIAL | SMALL,
717 static const struct printf_spec default_dec_spec = {
722 static noinline_for_stack
723 char *resource_string(char *buf, char *end, struct resource *res,
724 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
726 #ifndef IO_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE
727 #define IO_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE 6
730 #ifndef MEM_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE
731 #define MEM_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE 10
733 static const struct printf_spec io_spec = {
735 .field_width = IO_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE,
737 .flags = SPECIAL | SMALL | ZEROPAD,
739 static const struct printf_spec mem_spec = {
741 .field_width = MEM_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE,
743 .flags = SPECIAL | SMALL | ZEROPAD,
745 static const struct printf_spec bus_spec = {
749 .flags = SMALL | ZEROPAD,
751 static const struct printf_spec str_spec = {
757 /* 32-bit res (sizeof==4): 10 chars in dec, 10 in hex ("0x" + 8)
758 * 64-bit res (sizeof==8): 20 chars in dec, 18 in hex ("0x" + 16) */
759 #define RSRC_BUF_SIZE ((2 * sizeof(resource_size_t)) + 4)
760 #define FLAG_BUF_SIZE (2 * sizeof(res->flags))
761 #define DECODED_BUF_SIZE sizeof("[mem - 64bit pref window disabled]")
762 #define RAW_BUF_SIZE sizeof("[mem - flags 0x]")
763 char sym[max(2*RSRC_BUF_SIZE + DECODED_BUF_SIZE,
764 2*RSRC_BUF_SIZE + FLAG_BUF_SIZE + RAW_BUF_SIZE)];
766 char *p = sym, *pend = sym + sizeof(sym);
767 int decode = (fmt[0] == 'R') ? 1 : 0;
768 const struct printf_spec *specp;
771 if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_IO) {
772 p = string(p, pend, "io ", str_spec);
774 } else if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM) {
775 p = string(p, pend, "mem ", str_spec);
777 } else if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_IRQ) {
778 p = string(p, pend, "irq ", str_spec);
779 specp = &default_dec_spec;
780 } else if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_DMA) {
781 p = string(p, pend, "dma ", str_spec);
782 specp = &default_dec_spec;
783 } else if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_BUS) {
784 p = string(p, pend, "bus ", str_spec);
787 p = string(p, pend, "??? ", str_spec);
791 if (decode && res->flags & IORESOURCE_UNSET) {
792 p = string(p, pend, "size ", str_spec);
793 p = number(p, pend, resource_size(res), *specp);
795 p = number(p, pend, res->start, *specp);
796 if (res->start != res->end) {
798 p = number(p, pend, res->end, *specp);
802 if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM_64)
803 p = string(p, pend, " 64bit", str_spec);
804 if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_PREFETCH)
805 p = string(p, pend, " pref", str_spec);
806 if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_WINDOW)
807 p = string(p, pend, " window", str_spec);
808 if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_DISABLED)
809 p = string(p, pend, " disabled", str_spec);
811 p = string(p, pend, " flags ", str_spec);
812 p = number(p, pend, res->flags, default_flag_spec);
817 return string(buf, end, sym, spec);
820 static noinline_for_stack
821 char *hex_string(char *buf, char *end, u8 *addr, struct printf_spec spec,
824 int i, len = 1; /* if we pass '%ph[CDN]', field width remains
825 negative value, fallback to the default */
828 if (spec.field_width == 0)
829 /* nothing to print */
832 if (ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(addr))
834 return string(buf, end, NULL, spec);
851 if (spec.field_width > 0)
852 len = min_t(int, spec.field_width, 64);
854 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
856 *buf = hex_asc_hi(addr[i]);
859 *buf = hex_asc_lo(addr[i]);
862 if (separator && i != len - 1) {
872 static noinline_for_stack
873 char *bitmap_string(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long *bitmap,
874 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
876 const int CHUNKSZ = 32;
877 int nr_bits = max_t(int, spec.field_width, 0);
881 /* reused to print numbers */
882 spec = (struct printf_spec){ .flags = SMALL | ZEROPAD, .base = 16 };
884 chunksz = nr_bits & (CHUNKSZ - 1);
888 i = ALIGN(nr_bits, CHUNKSZ) - CHUNKSZ;
889 for (; i >= 0; i -= CHUNKSZ) {
893 chunkmask = ((1ULL << chunksz) - 1);
894 word = i / BITS_PER_LONG;
895 bit = i % BITS_PER_LONG;
896 val = (bitmap[word] >> bit) & chunkmask;
905 spec.field_width = DIV_ROUND_UP(chunksz, 4);
906 buf = number(buf, end, val, spec);
913 static noinline_for_stack
914 char *bitmap_list_string(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long *bitmap,
915 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
917 int nr_bits = max_t(int, spec.field_width, 0);
918 /* current bit is 'cur', most recently seen range is [rbot, rtop] */
922 rbot = cur = find_first_bit(bitmap, nr_bits);
923 while (cur < nr_bits) {
925 cur = find_next_bit(bitmap, nr_bits, cur + 1);
926 if (cur < nr_bits && cur <= rtop + 1)
936 buf = number(buf, end, rbot, default_dec_spec);
942 buf = number(buf, end, rtop, default_dec_spec);
950 static noinline_for_stack
951 char *mac_address_string(char *buf, char *end, u8 *addr,
952 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
954 char mac_addr[sizeof("xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx")];
958 bool reversed = false;
974 for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
976 p = hex_byte_pack(p, addr[5 - i]);
978 p = hex_byte_pack(p, addr[i]);
980 if (fmt[0] == 'M' && i != 5)
985 return string(buf, end, mac_addr, spec);
988 static noinline_for_stack
989 char *ip4_string(char *p, const u8 *addr, const char *fmt)
992 bool leading_zeros = (fmt[0] == 'i');
1017 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
1018 char temp[4] __aligned(2); /* hold each IP quad in reverse order */
1019 int digits = put_dec_trunc8(temp, addr[index]) - temp;
1020 if (leading_zeros) {
1026 /* reverse the digits in the quad */
1028 *p++ = temp[digits];
1038 static noinline_for_stack
1039 char *ip6_compressed_string(char *p, const char *addr)
1042 unsigned char zerolength[8];
1047 bool needcolon = false;
1049 struct in6_addr in6;
1051 memcpy(&in6, addr, sizeof(struct in6_addr));
1053 useIPv4 = ipv6_addr_v4mapped(&in6) || ipv6_addr_is_isatap(&in6);
1055 memset(zerolength, 0, sizeof(zerolength));
1062 /* find position of longest 0 run */
1063 for (i = 0; i < range; i++) {
1064 for (j = i; j < range; j++) {
1065 if (in6.s6_addr16[j] != 0)
1070 for (i = 0; i < range; i++) {
1071 if (zerolength[i] > longest) {
1072 longest = zerolength[i];
1076 if (longest == 1) /* don't compress a single 0 */
1080 for (i = 0; i < range; i++) {
1081 if (i == colonpos) {
1082 if (needcolon || i == 0)
1093 /* hex u16 without leading 0s */
1094 word = ntohs(in6.s6_addr16[i]);
1099 p = hex_byte_pack(p, hi);
1101 *p++ = hex_asc_lo(hi);
1102 p = hex_byte_pack(p, lo);
1105 p = hex_byte_pack(p, lo);
1107 *p++ = hex_asc_lo(lo);
1114 p = ip4_string(p, &in6.s6_addr[12], "I4");
1121 static noinline_for_stack
1122 char *ip6_string(char *p, const char *addr, const char *fmt)
1126 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
1127 p = hex_byte_pack(p, *addr++);
1128 p = hex_byte_pack(p, *addr++);
1129 if (fmt[0] == 'I' && i != 7)
1137 static noinline_for_stack
1138 char *ip6_addr_string(char *buf, char *end, const u8 *addr,
1139 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1141 char ip6_addr[sizeof("xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:255.255.255.255")];
1143 if (fmt[0] == 'I' && fmt[2] == 'c')
1144 ip6_compressed_string(ip6_addr, addr);
1146 ip6_string(ip6_addr, addr, fmt);
1148 return string(buf, end, ip6_addr, spec);
1151 static noinline_for_stack
1152 char *ip4_addr_string(char *buf, char *end, const u8 *addr,
1153 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1155 char ip4_addr[sizeof("255.255.255.255")];
1157 ip4_string(ip4_addr, addr, fmt);
1159 return string(buf, end, ip4_addr, spec);
1162 static noinline_for_stack
1163 char *ip6_addr_string_sa(char *buf, char *end, const struct sockaddr_in6 *sa,
1164 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1166 bool have_p = false, have_s = false, have_f = false, have_c = false;
1167 char ip6_addr[sizeof("[xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:255.255.255.255]") +
1168 sizeof(":12345") + sizeof("/123456789") +
1169 sizeof("%1234567890")];
1170 char *p = ip6_addr, *pend = ip6_addr + sizeof(ip6_addr);
1171 const u8 *addr = (const u8 *) &sa->sin6_addr;
1172 char fmt6[2] = { fmt[0], '6' };
1176 while (isalpha(*++fmt)) {
1193 if (have_p || have_s || have_f) {
1198 if (fmt6[0] == 'I' && have_c)
1199 p = ip6_compressed_string(ip6_addr + off, addr);
1201 p = ip6_string(ip6_addr + off, addr, fmt6);
1203 if (have_p || have_s || have_f)
1208 p = number(p, pend, ntohs(sa->sin6_port), spec);
1212 p = number(p, pend, ntohl(sa->sin6_flowinfo &
1213 IPV6_FLOWINFO_MASK), spec);
1217 p = number(p, pend, sa->sin6_scope_id, spec);
1221 return string(buf, end, ip6_addr, spec);
1224 static noinline_for_stack
1225 char *ip4_addr_string_sa(char *buf, char *end, const struct sockaddr_in *sa,
1226 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1228 bool have_p = false;
1229 char *p, ip4_addr[sizeof("255.255.255.255") + sizeof(":12345")];
1230 char *pend = ip4_addr + sizeof(ip4_addr);
1231 const u8 *addr = (const u8 *) &sa->sin_addr.s_addr;
1232 char fmt4[3] = { fmt[0], '4', 0 };
1235 while (isalpha(*++fmt)) {
1249 p = ip4_string(ip4_addr, addr, fmt4);
1252 p = number(p, pend, ntohs(sa->sin_port), spec);
1256 return string(buf, end, ip4_addr, spec);
1259 static noinline_for_stack
1260 char *escaped_string(char *buf, char *end, u8 *addr, struct printf_spec spec,
1265 unsigned int flags = 0;
1268 if (spec.field_width == 0)
1269 return buf; /* nothing to print */
1271 if (ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(addr))
1272 return string(buf, end, NULL, spec); /* NULL pointer */
1276 switch (fmt[count++]) {
1278 flags |= ESCAPE_ANY;
1281 flags |= ESCAPE_SPECIAL;
1284 flags |= ESCAPE_HEX;
1287 flags |= ESCAPE_NULL;
1290 flags |= ESCAPE_OCTAL;
1296 flags |= ESCAPE_SPACE;
1305 flags = ESCAPE_ANY_NP;
1307 len = spec.field_width < 0 ? 1 : spec.field_width;
1310 * string_escape_mem() writes as many characters as it can to
1311 * the given buffer, and returns the total size of the output
1312 * had the buffer been big enough.
1314 buf += string_escape_mem(addr, len, buf, buf < end ? end - buf : 0, flags, NULL);
1319 static noinline_for_stack
1320 char *uuid_string(char *buf, char *end, const u8 *addr,
1321 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1323 char uuid[UUID_STRING_LEN + 1];
1326 const u8 *index = uuid_index;
1331 uc = true; /* fall-through */
1340 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
1342 p = hex_byte_pack_upper(p, addr[index[i]]);
1344 p = hex_byte_pack(p, addr[index[i]]);
1357 return string(buf, end, uuid, spec);
1360 static noinline_for_stack
1361 char *pointer_string(char *buf, char *end, const void *ptr,
1362 struct printf_spec spec)
1365 spec.flags |= SMALL;
1366 if (spec.field_width == -1) {
1367 spec.field_width = 2 * sizeof(ptr);
1368 spec.flags |= ZEROPAD;
1371 return number(buf, end, (unsigned long int)ptr, spec);
1374 int kptr_restrict __read_mostly;
1376 static noinline_for_stack
1377 char *restricted_pointer(char *buf, char *end, const void *ptr,
1378 struct printf_spec spec)
1380 switch (kptr_restrict) {
1382 /* Always print %pK values */
1385 const struct cred *cred;
1388 * kptr_restrict==1 cannot be used in IRQ context
1389 * because its test for CAP_SYSLOG would be meaningless.
1391 if (in_irq() || in_serving_softirq() || in_nmi()) {
1392 if (spec.field_width == -1)
1393 spec.field_width = 2 * sizeof(ptr);
1394 return string(buf, end, "pK-error", spec);
1398 * Only print the real pointer value if the current
1399 * process has CAP_SYSLOG and is running with the
1400 * same credentials it started with. This is because
1401 * access to files is checked at open() time, but %pK
1402 * checks permission at read() time. We don't want to
1403 * leak pointer values if a binary opens a file using
1404 * %pK and then elevates privileges before reading it.
1406 cred = current_cred();
1407 if (!has_capability_noaudit(current, CAP_SYSLOG) ||
1408 !uid_eq(cred->euid, cred->uid) ||
1409 !gid_eq(cred->egid, cred->gid))
1415 /* Always print 0's for %pK */
1420 return pointer_string(buf, end, ptr, spec);
1423 static noinline_for_stack
1424 char *netdev_bits(char *buf, char *end, const void *addr, const char *fmt)
1426 unsigned long long num;
1431 num = *(const netdev_features_t *)addr;
1432 size = sizeof(netdev_features_t);
1435 num = (unsigned long)addr;
1436 size = sizeof(unsigned long);
1440 return special_hex_number(buf, end, num, size);
1443 static noinline_for_stack
1444 char *address_val(char *buf, char *end, const void *addr, const char *fmt)
1446 unsigned long long num;
1451 num = *(const dma_addr_t *)addr;
1452 size = sizeof(dma_addr_t);
1456 num = *(const phys_addr_t *)addr;
1457 size = sizeof(phys_addr_t);
1461 return special_hex_number(buf, end, num, size);
1464 static noinline_for_stack
1465 char *clock(char *buf, char *end, struct clk *clk, struct printf_spec spec,
1468 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_CLK) || !clk)
1469 return string(buf, end, NULL, spec);
1474 #ifdef CONFIG_COMMON_CLK
1475 return string(buf, end, __clk_get_name(clk), spec);
1477 return special_hex_number(buf, end, (unsigned long)clk, sizeof(unsigned long));
1483 char *format_flags(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long flags,
1484 const struct trace_print_flags *names)
1488 for ( ; flags && names->name; names++) {
1490 if ((flags & mask) != mask)
1493 buf = string(buf, end, names->name, default_str_spec);
1504 buf = number(buf, end, flags, default_flag_spec);
1509 static noinline_for_stack
1510 char *flags_string(char *buf, char *end, void *flags_ptr, const char *fmt)
1512 unsigned long flags;
1513 const struct trace_print_flags *names;
1517 flags = *(unsigned long *)flags_ptr;
1518 /* Remove zone id */
1519 flags &= (1UL << NR_PAGEFLAGS) - 1;
1520 names = pageflag_names;
1523 flags = *(unsigned long *)flags_ptr;
1524 names = vmaflag_names;
1527 flags = *(gfp_t *)flags_ptr;
1528 names = gfpflag_names;
1531 WARN_ONCE(1, "Unsupported flags modifier: %c\n", fmt[1]);
1535 return format_flags(buf, end, flags, names);
1538 static const char *device_node_name_for_depth(const struct device_node *np, int depth)
1540 for ( ; np && depth; depth--)
1543 return kbasename(np->full_name);
1546 static noinline_for_stack
1547 char *device_node_gen_full_name(const struct device_node *np, char *buf, char *end)
1550 const struct device_node *parent = np->parent;
1552 /* special case for root node */
1554 return string(buf, end, "/", default_str_spec);
1556 for (depth = 0; parent->parent; depth++)
1557 parent = parent->parent;
1559 for ( ; depth >= 0; depth--) {
1560 buf = string(buf, end, "/", default_str_spec);
1561 buf = string(buf, end, device_node_name_for_depth(np, depth),
1567 static noinline_for_stack
1568 char *device_node_string(char *buf, char *end, struct device_node *dn,
1569 struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
1571 char tbuf[sizeof("xxxx") + 1];
1574 char *buf_start = buf;
1575 struct property *prop;
1576 bool has_mult, pass;
1577 static const struct printf_spec num_spec = {
1584 struct printf_spec str_spec = spec;
1585 str_spec.field_width = -1;
1587 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_OF))
1588 return string(buf, end, "(!OF)", spec);
1590 if ((unsigned long)dn < PAGE_SIZE)
1591 return string(buf, end, "(null)", spec);
1593 /* simple case without anything any more format specifiers */
1595 if (fmt[0] == '\0' || strcspn(fmt,"fnpPFcC") > 0)
1598 for (pass = false; strspn(fmt,"fnpPFcC"); fmt++, pass = true) {
1606 case 'f': /* full_name */
1607 buf = device_node_gen_full_name(dn, buf, end);
1609 case 'n': /* name */
1610 buf = string(buf, end, dn->name, str_spec);
1612 case 'p': /* phandle */
1613 buf = number(buf, end, (unsigned int)dn->phandle, num_spec);
1615 case 'P': /* path-spec */
1616 p = kbasename(of_node_full_name(dn));
1619 buf = string(buf, end, p, str_spec);
1621 case 'F': /* flags */
1622 tbuf[0] = of_node_check_flag(dn, OF_DYNAMIC) ? 'D' : '-';
1623 tbuf[1] = of_node_check_flag(dn, OF_DETACHED) ? 'd' : '-';
1624 tbuf[2] = of_node_check_flag(dn, OF_POPULATED) ? 'P' : '-';
1625 tbuf[3] = of_node_check_flag(dn, OF_POPULATED_BUS) ? 'B' : '-';
1627 buf = string(buf, end, tbuf, str_spec);
1629 case 'c': /* major compatible string */
1630 ret = of_property_read_string(dn, "compatible", &p);
1632 buf = string(buf, end, p, str_spec);
1634 case 'C': /* full compatible string */
1636 of_property_for_each_string(dn, "compatible", prop, p) {
1638 buf = string(buf, end, ",", str_spec);
1639 buf = string(buf, end, "\"", str_spec);
1640 buf = string(buf, end, p, str_spec);
1641 buf = string(buf, end, "\"", str_spec);
1651 return widen_string(buf, buf - buf_start, end, spec);
1654 static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_TRUE(not_filled_random_ptr_key);
1655 static siphash_key_t ptr_key __read_mostly;
1657 static void enable_ptr_key_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
1659 get_random_bytes(&ptr_key, sizeof(ptr_key));
1660 /* Needs to run from preemptible context */
1661 static_branch_disable(¬_filled_random_ptr_key);
1664 static DECLARE_WORK(enable_ptr_key_work, enable_ptr_key_workfn);
1666 static void fill_random_ptr_key(struct random_ready_callback *unused)
1668 /* This may be in an interrupt handler. */
1669 queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &enable_ptr_key_work);
1672 static struct random_ready_callback random_ready = {
1673 .func = fill_random_ptr_key
1676 static int __init initialize_ptr_random(void)
1678 int ret = add_random_ready_callback(&random_ready);
1682 } else if (ret == -EALREADY) {
1683 /* This is in preemptible context */
1684 enable_ptr_key_workfn(&enable_ptr_key_work);
1690 early_initcall(initialize_ptr_random);
1692 /* Maps a pointer to a 32 bit unique identifier. */
1693 static char *ptr_to_id(char *buf, char *end, void *ptr, struct printf_spec spec)
1695 const char *str = sizeof(ptr) == 8 ? "(____ptrval____)" : "(ptrval)";
1696 unsigned long hashval;
1698 if (static_branch_unlikely(¬_filled_random_ptr_key)) {
1699 spec.field_width = 2 * sizeof(ptr);
1700 /* string length must be less than default_width */
1701 return string(buf, end, str, spec);
1705 hashval = (unsigned long)siphash_1u64((u64)ptr, &ptr_key);
1707 * Mask off the first 32 bits, this makes explicit that we have
1708 * modified the address (and 32 bits is plenty for a unique ID).
1710 hashval = hashval & 0xffffffff;
1712 hashval = (unsigned long)siphash_1u32((u32)ptr, &ptr_key);
1714 return pointer_string(buf, end, (const void *)hashval, spec);
1718 * Show a '%p' thing. A kernel extension is that the '%p' is followed
1719 * by an extra set of alphanumeric characters that are extended format
1722 * Please update scripts/checkpatch.pl when adding/removing conversion
1723 * characters. (Search for "check for vsprintf extension").
1725 * Right now we handle:
1727 * - 'S' For symbolic direct pointers (or function descriptors) with offset
1728 * - 's' For symbolic direct pointers (or function descriptors) without offset
1731 * - '[FfSs]R' as above with __builtin_extract_return_addr() translation
1732 * - 'B' For backtraced symbolic direct pointers with offset
1733 * - 'R' For decoded struct resource, e.g., [mem 0x0-0x1f 64bit pref]
1734 * - 'r' For raw struct resource, e.g., [mem 0x0-0x1f flags 0x201]
1735 * - 'b[l]' For a bitmap, the number of bits is determined by the field
1736 * width which must be explicitly specified either as part of the
1737 * format string '%32b[l]' or through '%*b[l]', [l] selects
1738 * range-list format instead of hex format
1739 * - 'M' For a 6-byte MAC address, it prints the address in the
1740 * usual colon-separated hex notation
1741 * - 'm' For a 6-byte MAC address, it prints the hex address without colons
1742 * - 'MF' For a 6-byte MAC FDDI address, it prints the address
1743 * with a dash-separated hex notation
1744 * - '[mM]R' For a 6-byte MAC address, Reverse order (Bluetooth)
1745 * - 'I' [46] for IPv4/IPv6 addresses printed in the usual way
1746 * IPv4 uses dot-separated decimal without leading 0's (1.2.3.4)
1747 * IPv6 uses colon separated network-order 16 bit hex with leading 0's
1749 * Generic IPv4/IPv6 address (struct sockaddr *) that falls back to
1750 * [4] or [6] and is able to print port [p], flowinfo [f], scope [s]
1751 * - 'i' [46] for 'raw' IPv4/IPv6 addresses
1752 * IPv6 omits the colons (01020304...0f)
1753 * IPv4 uses dot-separated decimal with leading 0's (010.123.045.006)
1755 * Generic IPv4/IPv6 address (struct sockaddr *) that falls back to
1756 * [4] or [6] and is able to print port [p], flowinfo [f], scope [s]
1757 * - '[Ii][4S][hnbl]' IPv4 addresses in host, network, big or little endian order
1758 * - 'I[6S]c' for IPv6 addresses printed as specified by
1759 * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952
1760 * - 'E[achnops]' For an escaped buffer, where rules are defined by combination
1761 * of the following flags (see string_escape_mem() for the
1764 * c - ESCAPE_SPECIAL
1770 * By default ESCAPE_ANY_NP is used.
1771 * - 'U' For a 16 byte UUID/GUID, it prints the UUID/GUID in the form
1772 * "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx"
1773 * Options for %pU are:
1774 * b big endian lower case hex (default)
1775 * B big endian UPPER case hex
1776 * l little endian lower case hex
1777 * L little endian UPPER case hex
1778 * big endian output byte order is:
1779 * [0][1][2][3]-[4][5]-[6][7]-[8][9]-[10][11][12][13][14][15]
1780 * little endian output byte order is:
1781 * [3][2][1][0]-[5][4]-[7][6]-[8][9]-[10][11][12][13][14][15]
1782 * - 'V' For a struct va_format which contains a format string * and va_list *,
1783 * call vsnprintf(->format, *->va_list).
1784 * Implements a "recursive vsnprintf".
1785 * Do not use this feature without some mechanism to verify the
1786 * correctness of the format string and va_list arguments.
1787 * - 'K' For a kernel pointer that should be hidden from unprivileged users
1788 * - 'NF' For a netdev_features_t
1789 * - 'h[CDN]' For a variable-length buffer, it prints it as a hex string with
1790 * a certain separator (' ' by default):
1794 * The maximum supported length is 64 bytes of the input. Consider
1795 * to use print_hex_dump() for the larger input.
1796 * - 'a[pd]' For address types [p] phys_addr_t, [d] dma_addr_t and derivatives
1797 * (default assumed to be phys_addr_t, passed by reference)
1798 * - 'd[234]' For a dentry name (optionally 2-4 last components)
1799 * - 'D[234]' Same as 'd' but for a struct file
1800 * - 'g' For block_device name (gendisk + partition number)
1801 * - 'C' For a clock, it prints the name (Common Clock Framework) or address
1802 * (legacy clock framework) of the clock
1803 * - 'Cn' For a clock, it prints the name (Common Clock Framework) or address
1804 * (legacy clock framework) of the clock
1805 * - 'Cr' For a clock, it prints the current rate of the clock
1806 * - 'G' For flags to be printed as a collection of symbolic strings that would
1807 * construct the specific value. Supported flags given by option:
1808 * p page flags (see struct page) given as pointer to unsigned long
1809 * g gfp flags (GFP_* and __GFP_*) given as pointer to gfp_t
1810 * v vma flags (VM_*) given as pointer to unsigned long
1811 * - 'O' For a kobject based struct. Must be one of the following:
1812 * - 'OF[fnpPcCF]' For a device tree object
1813 * Without any optional arguments prints the full_name
1814 * f device node full_name
1815 * n device node name
1816 * p device node phandle
1817 * P device node path spec (name + @unit)
1818 * F device node flags
1819 * c major compatible string
1820 * C full compatible string
1822 * - 'x' For printing the address. Equivalent to "%lx".
1824 * ** When making changes please also update:
1825 * Documentation/core-api/printk-formats.rst
1827 * Note: The default behaviour (unadorned %p) is to hash the address,
1828 * rendering it useful as a unique identifier.
1830 static noinline_for_stack
1831 char *pointer(const char *fmt, char *buf, char *end, void *ptr,
1832 struct printf_spec spec)
1834 const int default_width = 2 * sizeof(void *);
1836 if (!ptr && *fmt != 'K' && *fmt != 'x') {
1838 * Print (null) with the same width as a pointer so it makes
1839 * tabular output look nice.
1841 if (spec.field_width == -1)
1842 spec.field_width = default_width;
1843 return string(buf, end, "(null)", spec);
1851 ptr = dereference_symbol_descriptor(ptr);
1854 return symbol_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1857 return resource_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1859 return hex_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1863 return bitmap_list_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1865 return bitmap_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1867 case 'M': /* Colon separated: 00:01:02:03:04:05 */
1868 case 'm': /* Contiguous: 000102030405 */
1870 /* [mM]R (Reverse order; Bluetooth) */
1871 return mac_address_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1872 case 'I': /* Formatted IP supported
1874 * 6: 0001:0203:...:0708
1875 * 6c: 1::708 or 1::1.2.3.4
1877 case 'i': /* Contiguous:
1878 * 4: 001.002.003.004
1883 return ip6_addr_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1885 return ip4_addr_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1888 struct sockaddr raw;
1889 struct sockaddr_in v4;
1890 struct sockaddr_in6 v6;
1893 switch (sa->raw.sa_family) {
1895 return ip4_addr_string_sa(buf, end, &sa->v4, spec, fmt);
1897 return ip6_addr_string_sa(buf, end, &sa->v6, spec, fmt);
1899 return string(buf, end, "(invalid address)", spec);
1904 return escaped_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1906 return uuid_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1911 va_copy(va, *((struct va_format *)ptr)->va);
1912 buf += vsnprintf(buf, end > buf ? end - buf : 0,
1913 ((struct va_format *)ptr)->fmt, va);
1920 return restricted_pointer(buf, end, ptr, spec);
1922 return netdev_bits(buf, end, ptr, fmt);
1924 return address_val(buf, end, ptr, fmt);
1926 return dentry_name(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1928 return clock(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1930 return dentry_name(buf, end,
1931 ((const struct file *)ptr)->f_path.dentry,
1935 return bdev_name(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
1939 return flags_string(buf, end, ptr, fmt);
1943 return device_node_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt + 1);
1946 return pointer_string(buf, end, ptr, spec);
1949 /* default is to _not_ leak addresses, hash before printing */
1950 return ptr_to_id(buf, end, ptr, spec);
1954 * Helper function to decode printf style format.
1955 * Each call decode a token from the format and return the
1956 * number of characters read (or likely the delta where it wants
1957 * to go on the next call).
1958 * The decoded token is returned through the parameters
1960 * 'h', 'l', or 'L' for integer fields
1961 * 'z' support added 23/7/1999 S.H.
1962 * 'z' changed to 'Z' --davidm 1/25/99
1963 * 'Z' changed to 'z' --adobriyan 2017-01-25
1964 * 't' added for ptrdiff_t
1966 * @fmt: the format string
1967 * @type of the token returned
1968 * @flags: various flags such as +, -, # tokens..
1969 * @field_width: overwritten width
1970 * @base: base of the number (octal, hex, ...)
1971 * @precision: precision of a number
1972 * @qualifier: qualifier of a number (long, size_t, ...)
1974 static noinline_for_stack
1975 int format_decode(const char *fmt, struct printf_spec *spec)
1977 const char *start = fmt;
1980 /* we finished early by reading the field width */
1981 if (spec->type == FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH) {
1982 if (spec->field_width < 0) {
1983 spec->field_width = -spec->field_width;
1984 spec->flags |= LEFT;
1986 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_NONE;
1990 /* we finished early by reading the precision */
1991 if (spec->type == FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION) {
1992 if (spec->precision < 0)
1993 spec->precision = 0;
1995 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_NONE;
2000 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_NONE;
2002 for (; *fmt ; ++fmt) {
2007 /* Return the current non-format string */
2008 if (fmt != start || !*fmt)
2014 while (1) { /* this also skips first '%' */
2020 case '-': spec->flags |= LEFT; break;
2021 case '+': spec->flags |= PLUS; break;
2022 case ' ': spec->flags |= SPACE; break;
2023 case '#': spec->flags |= SPECIAL; break;
2024 case '0': spec->flags |= ZEROPAD; break;
2025 default: found = false;
2032 /* get field width */
2033 spec->field_width = -1;
2036 spec->field_width = skip_atoi(&fmt);
2037 else if (*fmt == '*') {
2038 /* it's the next argument */
2039 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH;
2040 return ++fmt - start;
2044 /* get the precision */
2045 spec->precision = -1;
2048 if (isdigit(*fmt)) {
2049 spec->precision = skip_atoi(&fmt);
2050 if (spec->precision < 0)
2051 spec->precision = 0;
2052 } else if (*fmt == '*') {
2053 /* it's the next argument */
2054 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION;
2055 return ++fmt - start;
2060 /* get the conversion qualifier */
2062 if (*fmt == 'h' || _tolower(*fmt) == 'l' ||
2063 *fmt == 'z' || *fmt == 't') {
2065 if (unlikely(qualifier == *fmt)) {
2066 if (qualifier == 'l') {
2069 } else if (qualifier == 'h') {
2080 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR;
2081 return ++fmt - start;
2084 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_STR;
2085 return ++fmt - start;
2088 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PTR;
2089 return ++fmt - start;
2092 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR;
2093 return ++fmt - start;
2095 /* integer number formats - set up the flags and "break" */
2101 spec->flags |= SMALL;
2110 spec->flags |= SIGN;
2116 * Since %n poses a greater security risk than
2117 * utility, treat it as any other invalid or
2118 * unsupported format specifier.
2123 WARN_ONCE(1, "Please remove unsupported %%%c in format string\n", *fmt);
2124 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID;
2128 if (qualifier == 'L')
2129 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG;
2130 else if (qualifier == 'l') {
2131 BUILD_BUG_ON(FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG + SIGN != FORMAT_TYPE_LONG);
2132 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG + (spec->flags & SIGN);
2133 } else if (qualifier == 'z') {
2134 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T;
2135 } else if (qualifier == 't') {
2136 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF;
2137 } else if (qualifier == 'H') {
2138 BUILD_BUG_ON(FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE + SIGN != FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE);
2139 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE + (spec->flags & SIGN);
2140 } else if (qualifier == 'h') {
2141 BUILD_BUG_ON(FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT + SIGN != FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT);
2142 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT + (spec->flags & SIGN);
2144 BUILD_BUG_ON(FORMAT_TYPE_UINT + SIGN != FORMAT_TYPE_INT);
2145 spec->type = FORMAT_TYPE_UINT + (spec->flags & SIGN);
2148 return ++fmt - start;
2152 set_field_width(struct printf_spec *spec, int width)
2154 spec->field_width = width;
2155 if (WARN_ONCE(spec->field_width != width, "field width %d too large", width)) {
2156 spec->field_width = clamp(width, -FIELD_WIDTH_MAX, FIELD_WIDTH_MAX);
2161 set_precision(struct printf_spec *spec, int prec)
2163 spec->precision = prec;
2164 if (WARN_ONCE(spec->precision != prec, "precision %d too large", prec)) {
2165 spec->precision = clamp(prec, 0, PRECISION_MAX);
2170 * vsnprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2171 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2172 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2173 * @fmt: The format string to use
2174 * @args: Arguments for the format string
2176 * This function generally follows C99 vsnprintf, but has some
2177 * extensions and a few limitations:
2179 * - ``%n`` is unsupported
2180 * - ``%p*`` is handled by pointer()
2182 * See pointer() or Documentation/core-api/printk-formats.rst for more
2183 * extensive description.
2185 * **Please update the documentation in both places when making changes**
2187 * The return value is the number of characters which would
2188 * be generated for the given input, excluding the trailing
2189 * '\0', as per ISO C99. If you want to have the exact
2190 * number of characters written into @buf as return value
2191 * (not including the trailing '\0'), use vscnprintf(). If the
2192 * return is greater than or equal to @size, the resulting
2193 * string is truncated.
2195 * If you're not already dealing with a va_list consider using snprintf().
2197 int vsnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2199 unsigned long long num;
2201 struct printf_spec spec = {0};
2203 /* Reject out-of-range values early. Large positive sizes are
2204 used for unknown buffer sizes. */
2205 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(size > INT_MAX))
2211 /* Make sure end is always >= buf */
2218 const char *old_fmt = fmt;
2219 int read = format_decode(fmt, &spec);
2223 switch (spec.type) {
2224 case FORMAT_TYPE_NONE: {
2227 if (copy > end - str)
2229 memcpy(str, old_fmt, copy);
2235 case FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH:
2236 set_field_width(&spec, va_arg(args, int));
2239 case FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION:
2240 set_precision(&spec, va_arg(args, int));
2243 case FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR: {
2246 if (!(spec.flags & LEFT)) {
2247 while (--spec.field_width > 0) {
2254 c = (unsigned char) va_arg(args, int);
2258 while (--spec.field_width > 0) {
2266 case FORMAT_TYPE_STR:
2267 str = string(str, end, va_arg(args, char *), spec);
2270 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTR:
2271 str = pointer(fmt, str, end, va_arg(args, void *),
2273 while (isalnum(*fmt))
2277 case FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR:
2283 case FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID:
2285 * Presumably the arguments passed gcc's type
2286 * checking, but there is no safe or sane way
2287 * for us to continue parsing the format and
2288 * fetching from the va_list; the remaining
2289 * specifiers and arguments would be out of
2295 switch (spec.type) {
2296 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG:
2297 num = va_arg(args, long long);
2299 case FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG:
2300 num = va_arg(args, unsigned long);
2302 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG:
2303 num = va_arg(args, long);
2305 case FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T:
2306 if (spec.flags & SIGN)
2307 num = va_arg(args, ssize_t);
2309 num = va_arg(args, size_t);
2311 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF:
2312 num = va_arg(args, ptrdiff_t);
2314 case FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE:
2315 num = (unsigned char) va_arg(args, int);
2317 case FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE:
2318 num = (signed char) va_arg(args, int);
2320 case FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT:
2321 num = (unsigned short) va_arg(args, int);
2323 case FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT:
2324 num = (short) va_arg(args, int);
2326 case FORMAT_TYPE_INT:
2327 num = (int) va_arg(args, int);
2330 num = va_arg(args, unsigned int);
2333 str = number(str, end, num, spec);
2345 /* the trailing null byte doesn't count towards the total */
2349 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vsnprintf);
2352 * vscnprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2353 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2354 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2355 * @fmt: The format string to use
2356 * @args: Arguments for the format string
2358 * The return value is the number of characters which have been written into
2359 * the @buf not including the trailing '\0'. If @size is == 0 the function
2362 * If you're not already dealing with a va_list consider using scnprintf().
2364 * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
2366 int vscnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2370 i = vsnprintf(buf, size, fmt, args);
2372 if (likely(i < size))
2378 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vscnprintf);
2381 * snprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2382 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2383 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2384 * @fmt: The format string to use
2385 * @...: Arguments for the format string
2387 * The return value is the number of characters which would be
2388 * generated for the given input, excluding the trailing null,
2389 * as per ISO C99. If the return is greater than or equal to
2390 * @size, the resulting string is truncated.
2392 * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
2394 int snprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...)
2399 va_start(args, fmt);
2400 i = vsnprintf(buf, size, fmt, args);
2405 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snprintf);
2408 * scnprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2409 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2410 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2411 * @fmt: The format string to use
2412 * @...: Arguments for the format string
2414 * The return value is the number of characters written into @buf not including
2415 * the trailing '\0'. If @size is == 0 the function returns 0.
2418 int scnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...)
2423 va_start(args, fmt);
2424 i = vscnprintf(buf, size, fmt, args);
2429 EXPORT_SYMBOL(scnprintf);
2432 * vsprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2433 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2434 * @fmt: The format string to use
2435 * @args: Arguments for the format string
2437 * The function returns the number of characters written
2438 * into @buf. Use vsnprintf() or vscnprintf() in order to avoid
2441 * If you're not already dealing with a va_list consider using sprintf().
2443 * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
2445 int vsprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2447 return vsnprintf(buf, INT_MAX, fmt, args);
2449 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vsprintf);
2452 * sprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
2453 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2454 * @fmt: The format string to use
2455 * @...: Arguments for the format string
2457 * The function returns the number of characters written
2458 * into @buf. Use snprintf() or scnprintf() in order to avoid
2461 * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
2463 int sprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
2468 va_start(args, fmt);
2469 i = vsnprintf(buf, INT_MAX, fmt, args);
2474 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sprintf);
2476 #ifdef CONFIG_BINARY_PRINTF
2479 * vbin_printf() - VA arguments to binary data
2480 * bstr_printf() - Binary data to text string
2484 * vbin_printf - Parse a format string and place args' binary value in a buffer
2485 * @bin_buf: The buffer to place args' binary value
2486 * @size: The size of the buffer(by words(32bits), not characters)
2487 * @fmt: The format string to use
2488 * @args: Arguments for the format string
2490 * The format follows C99 vsnprintf, except %n is ignored, and its argument
2493 * The return value is the number of words(32bits) which would be generated for
2497 * If the return value is greater than @size, the resulting bin_buf is NOT
2498 * valid for bstr_printf().
2500 int vbin_printf(u32 *bin_buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2502 struct printf_spec spec = {0};
2506 str = (char *)bin_buf;
2507 end = (char *)(bin_buf + size);
2509 #define save_arg(type) \
2511 unsigned long long value; \
2512 if (sizeof(type) == 8) { \
2513 unsigned long long val8; \
2514 str = PTR_ALIGN(str, sizeof(u32)); \
2515 val8 = va_arg(args, unsigned long long); \
2516 if (str + sizeof(type) <= end) { \
2517 *(u32 *)str = *(u32 *)&val8; \
2518 *(u32 *)(str + 4) = *((u32 *)&val8 + 1); \
2522 unsigned int val4; \
2523 str = PTR_ALIGN(str, sizeof(type)); \
2524 val4 = va_arg(args, int); \
2525 if (str + sizeof(type) <= end) \
2526 *(typeof(type) *)str = (type)(long)val4; \
2527 value = (unsigned long long)val4; \
2529 str += sizeof(type); \
2534 int read = format_decode(fmt, &spec);
2538 switch (spec.type) {
2539 case FORMAT_TYPE_NONE:
2540 case FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR:
2542 case FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID:
2545 case FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH:
2546 case FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION:
2547 width = (int)save_arg(int);
2548 /* Pointers may require the width */
2550 set_field_width(&spec, width);
2553 case FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR:
2557 case FORMAT_TYPE_STR: {
2558 const char *save_str = va_arg(args, char *);
2561 if ((unsigned long)save_str > (unsigned long)-PAGE_SIZE
2562 || (unsigned long)save_str < PAGE_SIZE)
2563 save_str = "(null)";
2564 len = strlen(save_str) + 1;
2565 if (str + len < end)
2566 memcpy(str, save_str, len);
2571 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTR:
2572 /* Dereferenced pointers must be done now */
2574 /* Dereference of functions is still OK */
2584 if (!isalnum(*fmt)) {
2588 str = pointer(fmt, str, end, va_arg(args, void *),
2593 end[-1] = '\0'; /* Must be nul terminated */
2595 /* skip all alphanumeric pointer suffixes */
2596 while (isalnum(*fmt))
2601 switch (spec.type) {
2603 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG:
2604 save_arg(long long);
2606 case FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG:
2607 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG:
2608 save_arg(unsigned long);
2610 case FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T:
2613 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF:
2614 save_arg(ptrdiff_t);
2616 case FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE:
2617 case FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE:
2620 case FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT:
2621 case FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT:
2631 return (u32 *)(PTR_ALIGN(str, sizeof(u32))) - bin_buf;
2634 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vbin_printf);
2637 * bstr_printf - Format a string from binary arguments and place it in a buffer
2638 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
2639 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
2640 * @fmt: The format string to use
2641 * @bin_buf: Binary arguments for the format string
2643 * This function like C99 vsnprintf, but the difference is that vsnprintf gets
2644 * arguments from stack, and bstr_printf gets arguments from @bin_buf which is
2645 * a binary buffer that generated by vbin_printf.
2647 * The format follows C99 vsnprintf, but has some extensions:
2648 * see vsnprintf comment for details.
2650 * The return value is the number of characters which would
2651 * be generated for the given input, excluding the trailing
2652 * '\0', as per ISO C99. If you want to have the exact
2653 * number of characters written into @buf as return value
2654 * (not including the trailing '\0'), use vscnprintf(). If the
2655 * return is greater than or equal to @size, the resulting
2656 * string is truncated.
2658 int bstr_printf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, const u32 *bin_buf)
2660 struct printf_spec spec = {0};
2662 const char *args = (const char *)bin_buf;
2664 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(size > INT_MAX))
2670 #define get_arg(type) \
2672 typeof(type) value; \
2673 if (sizeof(type) == 8) { \
2674 args = PTR_ALIGN(args, sizeof(u32)); \
2675 *(u32 *)&value = *(u32 *)args; \
2676 *((u32 *)&value + 1) = *(u32 *)(args + 4); \
2678 args = PTR_ALIGN(args, sizeof(type)); \
2679 value = *(typeof(type) *)args; \
2681 args += sizeof(type); \
2685 /* Make sure end is always >= buf */
2692 const char *old_fmt = fmt;
2693 int read = format_decode(fmt, &spec);
2697 switch (spec.type) {
2698 case FORMAT_TYPE_NONE: {
2701 if (copy > end - str)
2703 memcpy(str, old_fmt, copy);
2709 case FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH:
2710 set_field_width(&spec, get_arg(int));
2713 case FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION:
2714 set_precision(&spec, get_arg(int));
2717 case FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR: {
2720 if (!(spec.flags & LEFT)) {
2721 while (--spec.field_width > 0) {
2727 c = (unsigned char) get_arg(char);
2731 while (--spec.field_width > 0) {
2739 case FORMAT_TYPE_STR: {
2740 const char *str_arg = args;
2741 args += strlen(str_arg) + 1;
2742 str = string(str, end, (char *)str_arg, spec);
2746 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTR: {
2747 bool process = false;
2749 /* Non function dereferences were already done */
2760 if (!isalnum(*fmt)) {
2764 /* Pointer dereference was already processed */
2766 len = copy = strlen(args);
2767 if (copy > end - str)
2769 memcpy(str, args, copy);
2775 str = pointer(fmt, str, end, get_arg(void *), spec);
2777 while (isalnum(*fmt))
2782 case FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR:
2788 case FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID:
2792 unsigned long long num;
2794 switch (spec.type) {
2796 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG:
2797 num = get_arg(long long);
2799 case FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG:
2800 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG:
2801 num = get_arg(unsigned long);
2803 case FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T:
2804 num = get_arg(size_t);
2806 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF:
2807 num = get_arg(ptrdiff_t);
2809 case FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE:
2810 num = get_arg(unsigned char);
2812 case FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE:
2813 num = get_arg(signed char);
2815 case FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT:
2816 num = get_arg(unsigned short);
2818 case FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT:
2819 num = get_arg(short);
2821 case FORMAT_TYPE_UINT:
2822 num = get_arg(unsigned int);
2828 str = number(str, end, num, spec);
2830 } /* switch(spec.type) */
2843 /* the trailing null byte doesn't count towards the total */
2846 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bstr_printf);
2849 * bprintf - Parse a format string and place args' binary value in a buffer
2850 * @bin_buf: The buffer to place args' binary value
2851 * @size: The size of the buffer(by words(32bits), not characters)
2852 * @fmt: The format string to use
2853 * @...: Arguments for the format string
2855 * The function returns the number of words(u32) written
2858 int bprintf(u32 *bin_buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...)
2863 va_start(args, fmt);
2864 ret = vbin_printf(bin_buf, size, fmt, args);
2869 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bprintf);
2871 #endif /* CONFIG_BINARY_PRINTF */
2874 * vsscanf - Unformat a buffer into a list of arguments
2875 * @buf: input buffer
2876 * @fmt: format of buffer
2879 int vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list args)
2881 const char *str = buf;
2889 unsigned long long u;
2895 /* skip any white space in format */
2896 /* white space in format matchs any amount of
2897 * white space, including none, in the input.
2899 if (isspace(*fmt)) {
2900 fmt = skip_spaces(++fmt);
2901 str = skip_spaces(str);
2904 /* anything that is not a conversion must match exactly */
2905 if (*fmt != '%' && *fmt) {
2906 if (*fmt++ != *str++)
2915 /* skip this conversion.
2916 * advance both strings to next white space
2921 while (!isspace(*fmt) && *fmt != '%' && *fmt) {
2922 /* '%*[' not yet supported, invalid format */
2927 while (!isspace(*str) && *str)
2932 /* get field width */
2934 if (isdigit(*fmt)) {
2935 field_width = skip_atoi(&fmt);
2936 if (field_width <= 0)
2940 /* get conversion qualifier */
2942 if (*fmt == 'h' || _tolower(*fmt) == 'l' ||
2945 if (unlikely(qualifier == *fmt)) {
2946 if (qualifier == 'h') {
2949 } else if (qualifier == 'l') {
2960 /* return number of characters read so far */
2961 *va_arg(args, int *) = str - buf;
2975 char *s = (char *)va_arg(args, char*);
2976 if (field_width == -1)
2980 } while (--field_width > 0 && *str);
2986 char *s = (char *)va_arg(args, char *);
2987 if (field_width == -1)
2988 field_width = SHRT_MAX;
2989 /* first, skip leading white space in buffer */
2990 str = skip_spaces(str);
2992 /* now copy until next white space */
2993 while (*str && !isspace(*str) && field_width--)
3000 * Warning: This implementation of the '[' conversion specifier
3001 * deviates from its glibc counterpart in the following ways:
3002 * (1) It does NOT support ranges i.e. '-' is NOT a special
3004 * (2) It cannot match the closing bracket ']' itself
3005 * (3) A field width is required
3006 * (4) '%*[' (discard matching input) is currently not supported
3009 * ret = sscanf("00:0a:95","%2[^:]:%2[^:]:%2[^:]",
3010 * buf1, buf2, buf3);
3016 char *s = (char *)va_arg(args, char *);
3017 DECLARE_BITMAP(set, 256) = {0};
3018 unsigned int len = 0;
3019 bool negate = (*fmt == '^');
3021 /* field width is required */
3022 if (field_width == -1)
3028 for ( ; *fmt && *fmt != ']'; ++fmt, ++len)
3029 set_bit((u8)*fmt, set);
3031 /* no ']' or no character set found */
3037 bitmap_complement(set, set, 256);
3038 /* exclude null '\0' byte */
3042 /* match must be non-empty */
3043 if (!test_bit((u8)*str, set))
3046 while (test_bit((u8)*str, set) && field_width--)
3068 /* looking for '%' in str */
3073 /* invalid format; stop here */
3077 /* have some sort of integer conversion.
3078 * first, skip white space in buffer.
3080 str = skip_spaces(str);
3083 if (is_sign && digit == '-')
3087 || (base == 16 && !isxdigit(digit))
3088 || (base == 10 && !isdigit(digit))
3089 || (base == 8 && (!isdigit(digit) || digit > '7'))
3090 || (base == 0 && !isdigit(digit)))
3094 val.s = qualifier != 'L' ?
3095 simple_strtol(str, &next, base) :
3096 simple_strtoll(str, &next, base);
3098 val.u = qualifier != 'L' ?
3099 simple_strtoul(str, &next, base) :
3100 simple_strtoull(str, &next, base);
3102 if (field_width > 0 && next - str > field_width) {
3104 _parse_integer_fixup_radix(str, &base);
3105 while (next - str > field_width) {
3107 val.s = div_s64(val.s, base);
3109 val.u = div_u64(val.u, base);
3114 switch (qualifier) {
3115 case 'H': /* that's 'hh' in format */
3117 *va_arg(args, signed char *) = val.s;
3119 *va_arg(args, unsigned char *) = val.u;
3123 *va_arg(args, short *) = val.s;
3125 *va_arg(args, unsigned short *) = val.u;
3129 *va_arg(args, long *) = val.s;
3131 *va_arg(args, unsigned long *) = val.u;
3135 *va_arg(args, long long *) = val.s;
3137 *va_arg(args, unsigned long long *) = val.u;
3140 *va_arg(args, size_t *) = val.u;
3144 *va_arg(args, int *) = val.s;
3146 *va_arg(args, unsigned int *) = val.u;
3158 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vsscanf);
3161 * sscanf - Unformat a buffer into a list of arguments
3162 * @buf: input buffer
3163 * @fmt: formatting of buffer
3164 * @...: resulting arguments
3166 int sscanf(const char *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
3171 va_start(args, fmt);
3172 i = vsscanf(buf, fmt, args);
3177 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sscanf);