1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Resizable, Scalable, Concurrent Hash Table
5 * Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
6 * Copyright (c) 2008-2014 Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
9 /**************************************************************************
11 **************************************************************************/
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/jhash.h>
15 #include <linux/kernel.h>
16 #include <linux/kthread.h>
17 #include <linux/module.h>
18 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
19 #include <linux/rhashtable.h>
20 #include <linux/slab.h>
21 #include <linux/sched.h>
22 #include <linux/random.h>
23 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
24 #include <linux/wait.h>
26 #define MAX_ENTRIES 1000000
27 #define TEST_INSERT_FAIL INT_MAX
29 static int parm_entries = 50000;
30 module_param(parm_entries, int, 0);
31 MODULE_PARM_DESC(parm_entries, "Number of entries to add (default: 50000)");
34 module_param(runs, int, 0);
35 MODULE_PARM_DESC(runs, "Number of test runs per variant (default: 4)");
37 static int max_size = 0;
38 module_param(max_size, int, 0);
39 MODULE_PARM_DESC(max_size, "Maximum table size (default: calculated)");
41 static bool shrinking = false;
42 module_param(shrinking, bool, 0);
43 MODULE_PARM_DESC(shrinking, "Enable automatic shrinking (default: off)");
46 module_param(size, int, 0);
47 MODULE_PARM_DESC(size, "Initial size hint of table (default: 8)");
49 static int tcount = 10;
50 module_param(tcount, int, 0);
51 MODULE_PARM_DESC(tcount, "Number of threads to spawn (default: 10)");
53 static bool enomem_retry = false;
54 module_param(enomem_retry, bool, 0);
55 MODULE_PARM_DESC(enomem_retry, "Retry insert even if -ENOMEM was returned (default: off)");
63 struct test_obj_val value;
64 struct rhash_head node;
68 struct test_obj_val value;
69 struct rhlist_head list_node;
75 struct task_struct *task;
76 struct test_obj *objs;
79 static u32 my_hashfn(const void *data, u32 len, u32 seed)
81 const struct test_obj_rhl *obj = data;
83 return (obj->value.id % 10);
86 static int my_cmpfn(struct rhashtable_compare_arg *arg, const void *obj)
88 const struct test_obj_rhl *test_obj = obj;
89 const struct test_obj_val *val = arg->key;
91 return test_obj->value.id - val->id;
94 static struct rhashtable_params test_rht_params = {
95 .head_offset = offsetof(struct test_obj, node),
96 .key_offset = offsetof(struct test_obj, value),
97 .key_len = sizeof(struct test_obj_val),
101 static struct rhashtable_params test_rht_params_dup = {
102 .head_offset = offsetof(struct test_obj_rhl, list_node),
103 .key_offset = offsetof(struct test_obj_rhl, value),
104 .key_len = sizeof(struct test_obj_val),
106 .obj_hashfn = my_hashfn,
107 .obj_cmpfn = my_cmpfn,
109 .automatic_shrinking = false,
112 static atomic_t startup_count;
113 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(startup_wait);
115 static int insert_retry(struct rhashtable *ht, struct test_obj *obj,
116 const struct rhashtable_params params)
118 int err, retries = -1, enomem_retries = 0;
123 err = rhashtable_insert_fast(ht, &obj->node, params);
124 if (err == -ENOMEM && enomem_retry) {
128 } while (err == -EBUSY);
131 pr_info(" %u insertions retried after -ENOMEM\n",
134 return err ? : retries;
137 static int __init test_rht_lookup(struct rhashtable *ht, struct test_obj *array,
138 unsigned int entries)
142 for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
143 struct test_obj *obj;
144 bool expected = !(i % 2);
145 struct test_obj_val key = {
149 if (array[i / 2].value.id == TEST_INSERT_FAIL)
152 obj = rhashtable_lookup_fast(ht, &key, test_rht_params);
154 if (expected && !obj) {
155 pr_warn("Test failed: Could not find key %u\n", key.id);
157 } else if (!expected && obj) {
158 pr_warn("Test failed: Unexpected entry found for key %u\n",
161 } else if (expected && obj) {
162 if (obj->value.id != i) {
163 pr_warn("Test failed: Lookup value mismatch %u!=%u\n",
175 static void test_bucket_stats(struct rhashtable *ht, unsigned int entries)
177 unsigned int total = 0, chain_len = 0;
178 struct rhashtable_iter hti;
179 struct rhash_head *pos;
181 rhashtable_walk_enter(ht, &hti);
182 rhashtable_walk_start(&hti);
184 while ((pos = rhashtable_walk_next(&hti))) {
185 if (PTR_ERR(pos) == -EAGAIN) {
186 pr_info("Info: encountered resize\n");
189 } else if (IS_ERR(pos)) {
190 pr_warn("Test failed: rhashtable_walk_next() error: %ld\n",
198 rhashtable_walk_stop(&hti);
199 rhashtable_walk_exit(&hti);
201 pr_info(" Traversal complete: counted=%u, nelems=%u, entries=%d, table-jumps=%u\n",
202 total, atomic_read(&ht->nelems), entries, chain_len);
204 if (total != atomic_read(&ht->nelems) || total != entries)
205 pr_warn("Test failed: Total count mismatch ^^^");
208 static s64 __init test_rhashtable(struct rhashtable *ht, struct test_obj *array,
209 unsigned int entries)
211 struct test_obj *obj;
213 unsigned int i, insert_retries = 0;
218 * Insert entries into table with all keys even numbers
220 pr_info(" Adding %d keys\n", entries);
221 start = ktime_get_ns();
222 for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
223 struct test_obj *obj = &array[i];
225 obj->value.id = i * 2;
226 err = insert_retry(ht, obj, test_rht_params);
228 insert_retries += err;
234 pr_info(" %u insertions retried due to memory pressure\n",
237 test_bucket_stats(ht, entries);
239 test_rht_lookup(ht, array, entries);
242 test_bucket_stats(ht, entries);
244 pr_info(" Deleting %d keys\n", entries);
245 for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
246 struct test_obj_val key = {
250 if (array[i].value.id != TEST_INSERT_FAIL) {
251 obj = rhashtable_lookup_fast(ht, &key, test_rht_params);
254 rhashtable_remove_fast(ht, &obj->node, test_rht_params);
260 end = ktime_get_ns();
261 pr_info(" Duration of test: %lld ns\n", end - start);
266 static struct rhashtable ht;
267 static struct rhltable rhlt;
269 static int __init test_rhltable(unsigned int entries)
271 struct test_obj_rhl *rhl_test_objects;
272 unsigned long *obj_in_table;
273 unsigned int i, j, k;
279 rhl_test_objects = vzalloc(array_size(entries,
280 sizeof(*rhl_test_objects)));
281 if (!rhl_test_objects)
285 obj_in_table = vzalloc(array_size(sizeof(unsigned long),
286 BITS_TO_LONGS(entries)));
290 err = rhltable_init(&rhlt, &test_rht_params);
294 k = get_random_u32();
296 for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
297 rhl_test_objects[i].value.id = k;
298 err = rhltable_insert(&rhlt, &rhl_test_objects[i].list_node,
300 if (WARN(err, "error %d on element %d\n", err, i))
303 set_bit(i, obj_in_table);
309 pr_info("test %d add/delete pairs into rhlist\n", entries);
310 for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
311 struct rhlist_head *h, *pos;
312 struct test_obj_rhl *obj;
313 struct test_obj_val key = {
319 h = rhltable_lookup(&rhlt, &key, test_rht_params);
320 if (WARN(!h, "key not found during iteration %d of %d", i, entries)) {
327 rhl_for_each_entry_rcu(obj, pos, h, list_node) {
328 if (WARN(pos == &rhl_test_objects[j].list_node, "old element found, should be gone"))
337 rhl_for_each_entry_rcu(obj, pos, h, list_node) {
338 if (pos == &rhl_test_objects[i].list_node) {
346 if (WARN(!found, "element %d not found", i))
349 err = rhltable_remove(&rhlt, &rhl_test_objects[i].list_node, test_rht_params);
350 WARN(err, "rhltable_remove: err %d for iteration %d\n", err, i);
352 clear_bit(i, obj_in_table);
358 for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
359 WARN(test_bit(i, obj_in_table), "elem %d allegedly still present", i);
361 err = rhltable_insert(&rhlt, &rhl_test_objects[i].list_node,
363 if (WARN(err, "error %d on element %d\n", err, i))
366 set_bit(i, obj_in_table);
369 pr_info("test %d random rhlist add/delete operations\n", entries);
370 for (j = 0; j < entries; j++) {
371 u32 i = prandom_u32_max(entries);
372 u32 prand = prandom_u32_max(4);
376 err = rhltable_remove(&rhlt, &rhl_test_objects[i].list_node, test_rht_params);
377 if (test_bit(i, obj_in_table)) {
378 clear_bit(i, obj_in_table);
379 if (WARN(err, "cannot remove element at slot %d", i))
382 if (WARN(err != -ENOENT, "removed non-existent element %d, error %d not %d",
388 err = rhltable_insert(&rhlt, &rhl_test_objects[i].list_node, test_rht_params);
390 if (WARN(test_and_set_bit(i, obj_in_table), "succeeded to insert same object %d", i))
393 if (WARN(!test_bit(i, obj_in_table), "failed to insert object %d", i))
399 i = prandom_u32_max(entries);
400 if (test_bit(i, obj_in_table)) {
401 err = rhltable_remove(&rhlt, &rhl_test_objects[i].list_node, test_rht_params);
402 WARN(err, "cannot remove element at slot %d", i);
404 clear_bit(i, obj_in_table);
406 err = rhltable_insert(&rhlt, &rhl_test_objects[i].list_node, test_rht_params);
407 WARN(err, "failed to insert object %d", i);
409 set_bit(i, obj_in_table);
414 for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
416 err = rhltable_remove(&rhlt, &rhl_test_objects[i].list_node, test_rht_params);
417 if (test_bit(i, obj_in_table)) {
418 if (WARN(err, "cannot remove element at slot %d", i))
421 if (WARN(err != -ENOENT, "removed non-existent element, error %d not %d",
427 rhltable_destroy(&rhlt);
429 vfree(rhl_test_objects);
434 static int __init test_rhashtable_max(struct test_obj *array,
435 unsigned int entries)
437 unsigned int i, insert_retries = 0;
440 test_rht_params.max_size = roundup_pow_of_two(entries / 8);
441 err = rhashtable_init(&ht, &test_rht_params);
445 for (i = 0; i < ht.max_elems; i++) {
446 struct test_obj *obj = &array[i];
448 obj->value.id = i * 2;
449 err = insert_retry(&ht, obj, test_rht_params);
451 insert_retries += err;
456 err = insert_retry(&ht, &array[ht.max_elems], test_rht_params);
460 pr_info("insert element %u should have failed with %d, got %d\n",
461 ht.max_elems, -E2BIG, err);
466 rhashtable_destroy(&ht);
471 static unsigned int __init print_ht(struct rhltable *rhlt)
473 struct rhashtable *ht;
474 const struct bucket_table *tbl;
477 unsigned int i, cnt = 0;
480 /* Take the mutex to avoid RCU warning */
481 mutex_lock(&ht->mutex);
482 tbl = rht_dereference(ht->tbl, ht);
483 for (i = 0; i < tbl->size; i++) {
484 struct rhash_head *pos, *next;
485 struct test_obj_rhl *p;
487 pos = rht_ptr_exclusive(tbl->buckets + i);
488 next = !rht_is_a_nulls(pos) ? rht_dereference(pos->next, ht) : NULL;
490 if (!rht_is_a_nulls(pos)) {
491 offset += sprintf(buff + offset, "\nbucket[%d] -> ", i);
494 while (!rht_is_a_nulls(pos)) {
495 struct rhlist_head *list = container_of(pos, struct rhlist_head, rhead);
496 offset += sprintf(buff + offset, "[[");
499 list = rht_dereference(list->next, ht);
500 p = rht_obj(ht, pos);
502 offset += sprintf(buff + offset, " val %d (tid=%d)%s", p->value.id, p->value.tid,
508 next = !rht_is_a_nulls(pos) ?
509 rht_dereference(pos->next, ht) : NULL;
511 offset += sprintf(buff + offset, "]]%s", !rht_is_a_nulls(pos) ? " -> " : "");
514 printk(KERN_ERR "\n---- ht: ----%s\n-------------\n", buff);
515 mutex_unlock(&ht->mutex);
520 static int __init test_insert_dup(struct test_obj_rhl *rhl_test_objects,
523 struct rhltable *rhlt;
528 rhlt = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhlt), GFP_KERNEL);
532 err = rhltable_init(rhlt, &test_rht_params_dup);
538 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
539 rhl_test_objects[i].value.tid = i;
540 key = rht_obj(&rhlt->ht, &rhl_test_objects[i].list_node.rhead);
541 key += test_rht_params_dup.key_offset;
544 err = PTR_ERR(rhashtable_insert_slow(&rhlt->ht, key,
545 &rhl_test_objects[i].list_node.rhead));
549 err = rhltable_insert(rhlt,
550 &rhl_test_objects[i].list_node,
551 test_rht_params_dup);
552 if (WARN(err, "error %d on element %d/%d (%s)\n", err, i, cnt, slow? "slow" : "fast"))
556 ret = print_ht(rhlt);
557 WARN(ret != cnt, "missing rhltable elements (%d != %d, %s)\n", ret, cnt, slow? "slow" : "fast");
560 rhltable_destroy(rhlt);
566 static int __init test_insert_duplicates_run(void)
568 struct test_obj_rhl rhl_test_objects[3] = {};
570 pr_info("test inserting duplicates\n");
572 /* two different values that map to same bucket */
573 rhl_test_objects[0].value.id = 1;
574 rhl_test_objects[1].value.id = 21;
576 /* and another duplicate with same as [0] value
577 * which will be second on the bucket list */
578 rhl_test_objects[2].value.id = rhl_test_objects[0].value.id;
580 test_insert_dup(rhl_test_objects, 2, false);
581 test_insert_dup(rhl_test_objects, 3, false);
582 test_insert_dup(rhl_test_objects, 2, true);
583 test_insert_dup(rhl_test_objects, 3, true);
588 static int thread_lookup_test(struct thread_data *tdata)
590 unsigned int entries = tdata->entries;
593 for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
594 struct test_obj *obj;
595 struct test_obj_val key = {
600 obj = rhashtable_lookup_fast(&ht, &key, test_rht_params);
601 if (obj && (tdata->objs[i].value.id == TEST_INSERT_FAIL)) {
602 pr_err(" found unexpected object %d-%d\n", key.tid, key.id);
604 } else if (!obj && (tdata->objs[i].value.id != TEST_INSERT_FAIL)) {
605 pr_err(" object %d-%d not found!\n", key.tid, key.id);
607 } else if (obj && memcmp(&obj->value, &key, sizeof(key))) {
608 pr_err(" wrong object returned (got %d-%d, expected %d-%d)\n",
609 obj->value.tid, obj->value.id, key.tid, key.id);
618 static int threadfunc(void *data)
620 int i, step, err = 0, insert_retries = 0;
621 struct thread_data *tdata = data;
623 if (atomic_dec_and_test(&startup_count))
624 wake_up(&startup_wait);
625 if (wait_event_interruptible(startup_wait, atomic_read(&startup_count) == -1)) {
626 pr_err(" thread[%d]: interrupted\n", tdata->id);
630 for (i = 0; i < tdata->entries; i++) {
631 tdata->objs[i].value.id = i;
632 tdata->objs[i].value.tid = tdata->id;
633 err = insert_retry(&ht, &tdata->objs[i], test_rht_params);
635 insert_retries += err;
637 pr_err(" thread[%d]: rhashtable_insert_fast failed\n",
643 pr_info(" thread[%d]: %u insertions retried due to memory pressure\n",
644 tdata->id, insert_retries);
646 err = thread_lookup_test(tdata);
648 pr_err(" thread[%d]: rhashtable_lookup_test failed\n",
653 for (step = 10; step > 0; step--) {
654 for (i = 0; i < tdata->entries; i += step) {
655 if (tdata->objs[i].value.id == TEST_INSERT_FAIL)
657 err = rhashtable_remove_fast(&ht, &tdata->objs[i].node,
660 pr_err(" thread[%d]: rhashtable_remove_fast failed\n",
664 tdata->objs[i].value.id = TEST_INSERT_FAIL;
668 err = thread_lookup_test(tdata);
670 pr_err(" thread[%d]: rhashtable_lookup_test (2) failed\n",
676 while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
677 set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
683 static int __init test_rht_init(void)
685 unsigned int entries;
686 int i, err, started_threads = 0, failed_threads = 0;
688 struct thread_data *tdata;
689 struct test_obj *objs;
691 if (parm_entries < 0)
694 entries = min(parm_entries, MAX_ENTRIES);
696 test_rht_params.automatic_shrinking = shrinking;
697 test_rht_params.max_size = max_size ? : roundup_pow_of_two(entries);
698 test_rht_params.nelem_hint = size;
700 objs = vzalloc(array_size(sizeof(struct test_obj),
701 test_rht_params.max_size + 1));
705 pr_info("Running rhashtable test nelem=%d, max_size=%d, shrinking=%d\n",
706 size, max_size, shrinking);
708 for (i = 0; i < runs; i++) {
711 pr_info("Test %02d:\n", i);
712 memset(objs, 0, test_rht_params.max_size * sizeof(struct test_obj));
714 err = rhashtable_init(&ht, &test_rht_params);
716 pr_warn("Test failed: Unable to initialize hashtable: %d\n",
721 time = test_rhashtable(&ht, objs, entries);
722 rhashtable_destroy(&ht);
725 pr_warn("Test failed: return code %lld\n", time);
732 pr_info("test if its possible to exceed max_size %d: %s\n",
733 test_rht_params.max_size, test_rhashtable_max(objs, entries) == 0 ?
734 "no, ok" : "YES, failed");
737 do_div(total_time, runs);
738 pr_info("Average test time: %llu\n", total_time);
740 test_insert_duplicates_run();
745 pr_info("Testing concurrent rhashtable access from %d threads\n",
747 atomic_set(&startup_count, tcount);
748 tdata = vzalloc(array_size(tcount, sizeof(struct thread_data)));
751 objs = vzalloc(array3_size(sizeof(struct test_obj), tcount, entries));
757 test_rht_params.max_size = max_size ? :
758 roundup_pow_of_two(tcount * entries);
759 err = rhashtable_init(&ht, &test_rht_params);
761 pr_warn("Test failed: Unable to initialize hashtable: %d\n",
767 for (i = 0; i < tcount; i++) {
769 tdata[i].entries = entries;
770 tdata[i].objs = objs + i * entries;
771 tdata[i].task = kthread_run(threadfunc, &tdata[i],
772 "rhashtable_thrad[%d]", i);
773 if (IS_ERR(tdata[i].task)) {
774 pr_err(" kthread_run failed for thread %d\n", i);
775 atomic_dec(&startup_count);
780 if (wait_event_interruptible(startup_wait, atomic_read(&startup_count) == 0))
781 pr_err(" wait_event interruptible failed\n");
782 /* count is 0 now, set it to -1 and wake up all threads together */
783 atomic_dec(&startup_count);
784 wake_up_all(&startup_wait);
785 for (i = 0; i < tcount; i++) {
786 if (IS_ERR(tdata[i].task))
788 if ((err = kthread_stop(tdata[i].task))) {
789 pr_warn("Test failed: thread %d returned: %d\n",
794 rhashtable_destroy(&ht);
799 * rhltable_remove is very expensive, default values can cause test
800 * to run for 2 minutes or more, use a smaller number instead.
802 err = test_rhltable(entries / 16);
803 pr_info("Started %d threads, %d failed, rhltable test returns %d\n",
804 started_threads, failed_threads, err);
808 static void __exit test_rht_exit(void)
812 module_init(test_rht_init);
813 module_exit(test_rht_exit);
815 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");