1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Test cases for printf facility.
6 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
8 #include <linux/init.h>
9 #include <linux/kernel.h>
10 #include <linux/module.h>
11 #include <linux/printk.h>
12 #include <linux/random.h>
13 #include <linux/rtc.h>
14 #include <linux/slab.h>
15 #include <linux/string.h>
17 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
18 #include <linux/dcache.h>
19 #include <linux/socket.h>
22 #include <linux/gfp.h>
25 #include <linux/property.h>
27 #include "../tools/testing/selftests/kselftest_module.h"
33 static unsigned total_tests __initdata;
34 static unsigned failed_tests __initdata;
35 static char *test_buffer __initdata;
36 static char *alloced_buffer __initdata;
38 static int __printf(4, 0) __init
39 do_test(int bufsize, const char *expect, int elen,
40 const char *fmt, va_list ap)
47 memset(alloced_buffer, FILL_CHAR, BUF_SIZE + 2*PAD_SIZE);
49 ret = vsnprintf(test_buffer, bufsize, fmt, aq);
53 pr_warn("vsnprintf(buf, %d, \"%s\", ...) returned %d, expected %d\n",
54 bufsize, fmt, ret, elen);
58 if (memchr_inv(alloced_buffer, FILL_CHAR, PAD_SIZE)) {
59 pr_warn("vsnprintf(buf, %d, \"%s\", ...) wrote before buffer\n", bufsize, fmt);
64 if (memchr_inv(test_buffer, FILL_CHAR, BUF_SIZE + PAD_SIZE)) {
65 pr_warn("vsnprintf(buf, 0, \"%s\", ...) wrote to buffer\n",
72 written = min(bufsize-1, elen);
73 if (test_buffer[written]) {
74 pr_warn("vsnprintf(buf, %d, \"%s\", ...) did not nul-terminate buffer\n",
79 if (memchr_inv(test_buffer + written + 1, FILL_CHAR, BUF_SIZE + PAD_SIZE - (written + 1))) {
80 pr_warn("vsnprintf(buf, %d, \"%s\", ...) wrote beyond the nul-terminator\n",
85 if (memcmp(test_buffer, expect, written)) {
86 pr_warn("vsnprintf(buf, %d, \"%s\", ...) wrote '%s', expected '%.*s'\n",
87 bufsize, fmt, test_buffer, written, expect);
93 static void __printf(3, 4) __init
94 __test(const char *expect, int elen, const char *fmt, ...)
100 if (elen >= BUF_SIZE) {
101 pr_err("error in test suite: expected output length %d too long. Format was '%s'.\n",
110 * Every fmt+args is subjected to four tests: Three where we
111 * tell vsnprintf varying buffer sizes (plenty, not quite
112 * enough and 0), and then we also test that kvasprintf would
113 * be able to print it as expected.
115 failed_tests += do_test(BUF_SIZE, expect, elen, fmt, ap);
116 rand = 1 + prandom_u32_max(elen+1);
117 /* Since elen < BUF_SIZE, we have 1 <= rand <= BUF_SIZE. */
118 failed_tests += do_test(rand, expect, elen, fmt, ap);
119 failed_tests += do_test(0, expect, elen, fmt, ap);
121 p = kvasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, fmt, ap);
124 if (memcmp(p, expect, elen+1)) {
125 pr_warn("kvasprintf(..., \"%s\", ...) returned '%s', expected '%s'\n",
134 #define test(expect, fmt, ...) \
135 __test(expect, strlen(expect), fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
140 /* Work around annoying "warning: zero-length gnu_printf format string". */
144 test("100%", "100%%");
145 test("xxx%yyy", "xxx%cyyy", '%');
146 __test("xxx\0yyy", 7, "xxx%cyyy", '\0');
152 test("0x1234abcd ", "%#-12x", 0x1234abcd);
153 test(" 0x1234abcd", "%#12x", 0x1234abcd);
154 test("0|001| 12|+123| 1234|-123|-1234", "%d|%03d|%3d|%+d|% d|%+d|% d", 0, 1, 12, 123, 1234, -123, -1234);
155 test("0|1|1|128|255", "%hhu|%hhu|%hhu|%hhu|%hhu", 0, 1, 257, 128, -1);
156 test("0|1|1|-128|-1", "%hhd|%hhd|%hhd|%hhd|%hhd", 0, 1, 257, 128, -1);
157 test("2015122420151225", "%ho%ho%#ho", 1037, 5282, -11627);
159 * POSIX/C99: »The result of converting zero with an explicit
160 * precision of zero shall be no characters.« Hence the output
161 * from the below test should really be "00|0||| ". However,
162 * the kernel's printf also produces a single 0 in that
163 * case. This test case simply documents the current
166 test("00|0|0|0|0", "%.2d|%.1d|%.0d|%.*d|%1.0d", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
167 #ifndef __CHAR_UNSIGNED__
170 * Passing a 'char' to a %02x specifier doesn't do
171 * what was presumably the intention when char is
172 * signed and the value is negative. One must either &
173 * with 0xff or cast to u8.
176 test("0xfffffff0|0xf0|0xf0", "%#02x|%#02x|%#02x", val, val & 0xff, (u8)val);
184 test("", "%s%.0s", "", "123");
185 test("ABCD|abc|123", "%s|%.3s|%.*s", "ABCD", "abcdef", 3, "123456");
186 test("1 | 2|3 | 4|5 ", "%-3s|%3s|%-*s|%*s|%*s", "1", "2", 3, "3", 3, "4", -3, "5");
187 test("1234 ", "%-10.4s", "123456");
188 test(" 1234", "%10.4s", "123456");
190 * POSIX and C99 say that a negative precision (which is only
191 * possible to pass via a * argument) should be treated as if
192 * the precision wasn't present, and that if the precision is
193 * omitted (as in %.s), the precision should be taken to be
194 * 0. However, the kernel's printf behave exactly opposite,
195 * treating a negative precision as 0 and treating an omitted
196 * precision specifier as if no precision was given.
198 * These test cases document the current behaviour; should
199 * anyone ever feel the need to follow the standards more
200 * closely, this can be revisited.
202 test(" ", "%4.*s", -5, "123456");
203 test("123456", "%.s", "123456");
204 test("a||", "%.s|%.0s|%.*s", "a", "b", 0, "c");
205 test("a | | ", "%-3.s|%-3.0s|%-3.*s", "a", "b", 0, "c");
208 #define PLAIN_BUF_SIZE 64 /* leave some space so we don't oops */
210 #if BITS_PER_LONG == 64
213 #define PTR ((void *)0xffff0123456789abUL)
214 #define PTR_STR "ffff0123456789ab"
215 #define PTR_VAL_NO_CRNG "(____ptrval____)"
216 #define ZEROS "00000000" /* hex 32 zero bits */
217 #define ONES "ffffffff" /* hex 32 one bits */
222 char buf[PLAIN_BUF_SIZE];
225 nchars = snprintf(buf, PLAIN_BUF_SIZE, "%p", PTR);
227 if (nchars != PTR_WIDTH)
230 if (strncmp(buf, PTR_VAL_NO_CRNG, PTR_WIDTH) == 0) {
231 pr_warn("crng possibly not yet initialized. plain 'p' buffer contains \"%s\"",
236 if (strncmp(buf, ZEROS, strlen(ZEROS)) != 0)
245 #define PTR ((void *)0x456789ab)
246 #define PTR_STR "456789ab"
247 #define PTR_VAL_NO_CRNG "(ptrval)"
254 /* Format is implicitly tested for 32 bit machines by plain_hash() */
258 #endif /* BITS_PER_LONG == 64 */
261 plain_hash_to_buffer(const void *p, char *buf, size_t len)
265 nchars = snprintf(buf, len, "%p", p);
267 if (nchars != PTR_WIDTH)
270 if (strncmp(buf, PTR_VAL_NO_CRNG, PTR_WIDTH) == 0) {
271 pr_warn("crng possibly not yet initialized. plain 'p' buffer contains \"%s\"",
282 char buf[PLAIN_BUF_SIZE];
285 ret = plain_hash_to_buffer(PTR, buf, PLAIN_BUF_SIZE);
289 if (strncmp(buf, PTR_STR, PTR_WIDTH) == 0)
296 * We can't use test() to test %p because we don't know what output to expect
297 * after an address is hashed.
306 pr_warn("plain 'p' does not appear to be hashed\n");
311 err = plain_format();
313 pr_warn("hashing plain 'p' has unexpected format\n");
319 test_hashed(const char *fmt, const void *p)
321 char buf[PLAIN_BUF_SIZE];
325 * No need to increase failed test counter since this is assumed
326 * to be called after plain().
328 ret = plain_hash_to_buffer(p, buf, PLAIN_BUF_SIZE);
336 * NULL pointers aren't hashed.
341 test(ZEROS "00000000", "%p", NULL);
342 test(ZEROS "00000000", "%px", NULL);
343 test("(null)", "%pE", NULL);
347 * Error pointers aren't hashed.
352 test(ONES "fffffff5", "%p", ERR_PTR(-11));
353 test(ONES "fffffff5", "%px", ERR_PTR(-11));
354 test("(efault)", "%pE", ERR_PTR(-11));
357 #define PTR_INVALID ((void *)0x000000ab)
360 invalid_pointer(void)
362 test_hashed("%p", PTR_INVALID);
363 test(ZEROS "000000ab", "%px", PTR_INVALID);
364 test("(efault)", "%pE", PTR_INVALID);
375 /* We can't test this without access to kptr_restrict. */
379 struct_resource(void)
396 const char buf[3] = {0xc0, 0xff, 0xee};
398 test("c0 ff ee|c0:ff:ee|c0-ff-ee|c0ffee",
399 "%3ph|%3phC|%3phD|%3phN", buf, buf, buf, buf);
400 test("c0 ff ee|c0:ff:ee|c0-ff-ee|c0ffee",
401 "%*ph|%*phC|%*phD|%*phN", 3, buf, 3, buf, 3, buf, 3, buf);
407 const u8 addr[6] = {0x2d, 0x48, 0xd6, 0xfc, 0x7a, 0x05};
409 test("2d:48:d6:fc:7a:05", "%pM", addr);
410 test("05:7a:fc:d6:48:2d", "%pMR", addr);
411 test("2d-48-d6-fc-7a-05", "%pMF", addr);
412 test("2d48d6fc7a05", "%pm", addr);
413 test("057afcd6482d", "%pmR", addr);
419 struct sockaddr_in sa;
421 sa.sin_family = AF_INET;
422 sa.sin_port = cpu_to_be16(12345);
423 sa.sin_addr.s_addr = cpu_to_be32(0x7f000001);
425 test("127.000.000.001|127.0.0.1", "%pi4|%pI4", &sa.sin_addr, &sa.sin_addr);
426 test("127.000.000.001|127.0.0.1", "%piS|%pIS", &sa, &sa);
427 sa.sin_addr.s_addr = cpu_to_be32(0x01020304);
428 test("001.002.003.004:12345|1.2.3.4:12345", "%piSp|%pISp", &sa, &sa);
446 const char uuid[16] = {0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0x7,
447 0x8, 0x9, 0xa, 0xb, 0xc, 0xd, 0xe, 0xf};
449 test("00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f", "%pUb", uuid);
450 test("00010203-0405-0607-0809-0A0B0C0D0E0F", "%pUB", uuid);
451 test("03020100-0504-0706-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f", "%pUl", uuid);
452 test("03020100-0504-0706-0809-0A0B0C0D0E0F", "%pUL", uuid);
455 static struct dentry test_dentry[4] __initdata = {
456 { .d_parent = &test_dentry[0],
457 .d_name = QSTR_INIT(test_dentry[0].d_iname, 3),
459 { .d_parent = &test_dentry[0],
460 .d_name = QSTR_INIT(test_dentry[1].d_iname, 5),
461 .d_iname = "bravo" },
462 { .d_parent = &test_dentry[1],
463 .d_name = QSTR_INIT(test_dentry[2].d_iname, 4),
465 { .d_parent = &test_dentry[2],
466 .d_name = QSTR_INIT(test_dentry[3].d_iname, 5),
467 .d_iname = "romeo" },
473 test("foo", "%pd", &test_dentry[0]);
474 test("foo", "%pd2", &test_dentry[0]);
476 test("(null)", "%pd", NULL);
477 test("(efault)", "%pd", PTR_INVALID);
478 test("(null)", "%pD", NULL);
479 test("(efault)", "%pD", PTR_INVALID);
481 test("romeo", "%pd", &test_dentry[3]);
482 test("alfa/romeo", "%pd2", &test_dentry[3]);
483 test("bravo/alfa/romeo", "%pd3", &test_dentry[3]);
484 test("/bravo/alfa/romeo", "%pd4", &test_dentry[3]);
485 test("/bravo/alfa", "%pd4", &test_dentry[2]);
487 test("bravo/alfa |bravo/alfa ", "%-12pd2|%*pd2", &test_dentry[2], -12, &test_dentry[2]);
488 test(" bravo/alfa| bravo/alfa", "%12pd2|%*pd2", &test_dentry[2], 12, &test_dentry[2]);
492 struct_va_format(void)
500 const struct rtc_time tm = {
508 /* 2019-01-04T15:32:23 */
509 time64_t t = 1546615943;
511 test("(%pt?)", "%pt", &tm);
512 test("2018-11-26T05:35:43", "%ptR", &tm);
513 test("0118-10-26T05:35:43", "%ptRr", &tm);
514 test("05:35:43|2018-11-26", "%ptRt|%ptRd", &tm, &tm);
515 test("05:35:43|0118-10-26", "%ptRtr|%ptRdr", &tm, &tm);
516 test("05:35:43|2018-11-26", "%ptRttr|%ptRdtr", &tm, &tm);
517 test("05:35:43 tr|2018-11-26 tr", "%ptRt tr|%ptRd tr", &tm, &tm);
519 test("2019-01-04T15:32:23", "%ptT", &t);
520 test("0119-00-04T15:32:23", "%ptTr", &t);
521 test("15:32:23|2019-01-04", "%ptTt|%ptTd", &t, &t);
522 test("15:32:23|0119-00-04", "%ptTtr|%ptTdr", &t, &t);
533 const int nbits = 1 << 16;
534 unsigned long *bits = bitmap_zalloc(nbits, GFP_KERNEL);
538 bitmap_set(bits, 1, 20);
539 bitmap_set(bits, 60000, 15);
540 test("1-20,60000-60014", "%*pbl", nbits, bits);
547 DECLARE_BITMAP(bits, 20);
548 const int primes[] = {2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19};
551 bitmap_zero(bits, 20);
552 test("00000|00000", "%20pb|%*pb", bits, 20, bits);
553 test("|", "%20pbl|%*pbl", bits, 20, bits);
555 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(primes); ++i)
556 set_bit(primes[i], bits);
557 test("a28ac|a28ac", "%20pb|%*pb", bits, 20, bits);
558 test("2-3,5,7,11,13,17,19|2-3,5,7,11,13,17,19", "%20pbl|%*pbl", bits, 20, bits);
560 bitmap_fill(bits, 20);
561 test("fffff|fffff", "%20pb|%*pb", bits, 20, bits);
562 test("0-19|0-19", "%20pbl|%*pbl", bits, 20, bits);
568 netdev_features(void)
580 test("", "%pGp", &flags);
582 /* Page flags should filter the zone id */
583 flags = 1UL << NR_PAGEFLAGS;
584 test("", "%pGp", &flags);
586 flags |= 1UL << PG_uptodate | 1UL << PG_dirty | 1UL << PG_lru
587 | 1UL << PG_active | 1UL << PG_swapbacked;
588 test("uptodate|dirty|lru|active|swapbacked", "%pGp", &flags);
591 flags = VM_READ | VM_EXEC | VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE | VM_MAYEXEC
593 test("read|exec|mayread|maywrite|mayexec|denywrite", "%pGv", &flags);
596 test("GFP_TRANSHUGE", "%pGg", &gfp);
598 gfp = GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_DMA;
599 test("GFP_ATOMIC|GFP_DMA", "%pGg", &gfp);
602 test("__GFP_ATOMIC", "%pGg", &gfp);
604 cmp_buffer = kmalloc(BUF_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
608 /* Any flags not translated by the table should remain numeric */
609 gfp = ~__GFP_BITS_MASK;
610 snprintf(cmp_buffer, BUF_SIZE, "%#lx", (unsigned long) gfp);
611 test(cmp_buffer, "%pGg", &gfp);
613 snprintf(cmp_buffer, BUF_SIZE, "__GFP_ATOMIC|%#lx",
614 (unsigned long) gfp);
616 test(cmp_buffer, "%pGg", &gfp);
621 static void __init fwnode_pointer(void)
623 const struct software_node softnodes[] = {
624 { .name = "first", },
625 { .name = "second", .parent = &softnodes[0], },
626 { .name = "third", .parent = &softnodes[1], },
627 { NULL /* Guardian */ }
629 const char * const full_name = "first/second/third";
630 const char * const full_name_second = "first/second";
631 const char * const second_name = "second";
632 const char * const third_name = "third";
635 rval = software_node_register_nodes(softnodes);
637 pr_warn("cannot register softnodes; rval %d\n", rval);
641 test(full_name_second, "%pfw", software_node_fwnode(&softnodes[1]));
642 test(full_name, "%pfw", software_node_fwnode(&softnodes[2]));
643 test(full_name, "%pfwf", software_node_fwnode(&softnodes[2]));
644 test(second_name, "%pfwP", software_node_fwnode(&softnodes[1]));
645 test(third_name, "%pfwP", software_node_fwnode(&softnodes[2]));
647 software_node_unregister(&softnodes[2]);
648 software_node_unregister(&softnodes[1]);
649 software_node_unregister(&softnodes[0]);
655 test("-1234", "%pe", ERR_PTR(-1234));
657 /* Check that %pe with a non-ERR_PTR gets treated as ordinary %p. */
658 BUILD_BUG_ON(IS_ERR(PTR));
659 test_hashed("%pe", PTR);
661 #ifdef CONFIG_SYMBOLIC_ERRNAME
662 test("(-ENOTSOCK)", "(%pe)", ERR_PTR(-ENOTSOCK));
663 test("(-EAGAIN)", "(%pe)", ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN));
664 BUILD_BUG_ON(EAGAIN != EWOULDBLOCK);
665 test("(-EAGAIN)", "(%pe)", ERR_PTR(-EWOULDBLOCK));
666 test("[-EIO ]", "[%-8pe]", ERR_PTR(-EIO));
667 test("[ -EIO]", "[%8pe]", ERR_PTR(-EIO));
668 test("-EPROBE_DEFER", "%pe", ERR_PTR(-EPROBE_DEFER));
699 static void __init selftest(void)
701 alloced_buffer = kmalloc(BUF_SIZE + 2*PAD_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
704 test_buffer = alloced_buffer + PAD_SIZE;
711 kfree(alloced_buffer);
714 KSTM_MODULE_LOADERS(test_printf);
715 MODULE_AUTHOR("Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>");
716 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");