1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * Copyright (C) 2001 Momchil Velikov
4 * Portions Copyright (C) 2001 Christoph Hellwig
5 * Copyright (C) 2005 SGI, Christoph Lameter
6 * Copyright (C) 2006 Nick Piggin
7 * Copyright (C) 2012 Konstantin Khlebnikov
8 * Copyright (C) 2016 Intel, Matthew Wilcox
9 * Copyright (C) 2016 Intel, Ross Zwisler
12 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
13 #include <linux/bitops.h>
14 #include <linux/bug.h>
15 #include <linux/cpu.h>
16 #include <linux/errno.h>
17 #include <linux/export.h>
18 #include <linux/idr.h>
19 #include <linux/init.h>
20 #include <linux/kernel.h>
21 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
22 #include <linux/percpu.h>
23 #include <linux/preempt.h> /* in_interrupt() */
24 #include <linux/radix-tree.h>
25 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
26 #include <linux/slab.h>
27 #include <linux/string.h>
28 #include <linux/xarray.h>
31 * Radix tree node cache.
33 struct kmem_cache *radix_tree_node_cachep;
36 * The radix tree is variable-height, so an insert operation not only has
37 * to build the branch to its corresponding item, it also has to build the
38 * branch to existing items if the size has to be increased (by
41 * The worst case is a zero height tree with just a single item at index 0,
42 * and then inserting an item at index ULONG_MAX. This requires 2 new branches
43 * of RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH size to be created, with only the root node shared.
46 #define RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_SIZE (RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH * 2 - 1)
49 * The IDR does not have to be as high as the radix tree since it uses
50 * signed integers, not unsigned longs.
52 #define IDR_INDEX_BITS (8 /* CHAR_BIT */ * sizeof(int) - 1)
53 #define IDR_MAX_PATH (DIV_ROUND_UP(IDR_INDEX_BITS, \
54 RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT))
55 #define IDR_PRELOAD_SIZE (IDR_MAX_PATH * 2 - 1)
58 * Per-cpu pool of preloaded nodes
60 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct radix_tree_preload, radix_tree_preloads) = {
61 .lock = INIT_LOCAL_LOCK(lock),
63 EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL_GPL(radix_tree_preloads);
65 static inline struct radix_tree_node *entry_to_node(void *ptr)
67 return (void *)((unsigned long)ptr & ~RADIX_TREE_INTERNAL_NODE);
70 static inline void *node_to_entry(void *ptr)
72 return (void *)((unsigned long)ptr | RADIX_TREE_INTERNAL_NODE);
75 #define RADIX_TREE_RETRY XA_RETRY_ENTRY
77 static inline unsigned long
78 get_slot_offset(const struct radix_tree_node *parent, void __rcu **slot)
80 return parent ? slot - parent->slots : 0;
83 static unsigned int radix_tree_descend(const struct radix_tree_node *parent,
84 struct radix_tree_node **nodep, unsigned long index)
86 unsigned int offset = (index >> parent->shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
87 void __rcu **entry = rcu_dereference_raw(parent->slots[offset]);
89 *nodep = (void *)entry;
93 static inline gfp_t root_gfp_mask(const struct radix_tree_root *root)
95 return root->xa_flags & (__GFP_BITS_MASK & ~GFP_ZONEMASK);
98 static inline void tag_set(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
101 __set_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]);
104 static inline void tag_clear(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
107 __clear_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]);
110 static inline int tag_get(const struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
113 return test_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]);
116 static inline void root_tag_set(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned tag)
118 root->xa_flags |= (__force gfp_t)(1 << (tag + ROOT_TAG_SHIFT));
121 static inline void root_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned tag)
123 root->xa_flags &= (__force gfp_t)~(1 << (tag + ROOT_TAG_SHIFT));
126 static inline void root_tag_clear_all(struct radix_tree_root *root)
128 root->xa_flags &= (__force gfp_t)((1 << ROOT_TAG_SHIFT) - 1);
131 static inline int root_tag_get(const struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned tag)
133 return (__force int)root->xa_flags & (1 << (tag + ROOT_TAG_SHIFT));
136 static inline unsigned root_tags_get(const struct radix_tree_root *root)
138 return (__force unsigned)root->xa_flags >> ROOT_TAG_SHIFT;
141 static inline bool is_idr(const struct radix_tree_root *root)
143 return !!(root->xa_flags & ROOT_IS_IDR);
147 * Returns 1 if any slot in the node has this tag set.
148 * Otherwise returns 0.
150 static inline int any_tag_set(const struct radix_tree_node *node,
154 for (idx = 0; idx < RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS; idx++) {
155 if (node->tags[tag][idx])
161 static inline void all_tag_set(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag)
163 bitmap_fill(node->tags[tag], RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE);
167 * radix_tree_find_next_bit - find the next set bit in a memory region
169 * @node: where to begin the search
170 * @tag: the tag index
171 * @offset: the bitnumber to start searching at
173 * Unrollable variant of find_next_bit() for constant size arrays.
174 * Tail bits starting from size to roundup(size, BITS_PER_LONG) must be zero.
175 * Returns next bit offset, or size if nothing found.
177 static __always_inline unsigned long
178 radix_tree_find_next_bit(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
179 unsigned long offset)
181 const unsigned long *addr = node->tags[tag];
183 if (offset < RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE) {
186 addr += offset / BITS_PER_LONG;
187 tmp = *addr >> (offset % BITS_PER_LONG);
189 return __ffs(tmp) + offset;
190 offset = (offset + BITS_PER_LONG) & ~(BITS_PER_LONG - 1);
191 while (offset < RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE) {
194 return __ffs(tmp) + offset;
195 offset += BITS_PER_LONG;
198 return RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE;
201 static unsigned int iter_offset(const struct radix_tree_iter *iter)
203 return iter->index & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
207 * The maximum index which can be stored in a radix tree
209 static inline unsigned long shift_maxindex(unsigned int shift)
211 return (RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE << shift) - 1;
214 static inline unsigned long node_maxindex(const struct radix_tree_node *node)
216 return shift_maxindex(node->shift);
219 static unsigned long next_index(unsigned long index,
220 const struct radix_tree_node *node,
221 unsigned long offset)
223 return (index & ~node_maxindex(node)) + (offset << node->shift);
227 * This assumes that the caller has performed appropriate preallocation, and
228 * that the caller has pinned this thread of control to the current CPU.
230 static struct radix_tree_node *
231 radix_tree_node_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask, struct radix_tree_node *parent,
232 struct radix_tree_root *root,
233 unsigned int shift, unsigned int offset,
234 unsigned int count, unsigned int nr_values)
236 struct radix_tree_node *ret = NULL;
239 * Preload code isn't irq safe and it doesn't make sense to use
240 * preloading during an interrupt anyway as all the allocations have
241 * to be atomic. So just do normal allocation when in interrupt.
243 if (!gfpflags_allow_blocking(gfp_mask) && !in_interrupt()) {
244 struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
247 * Even if the caller has preloaded, try to allocate from the
248 * cache first for the new node to get accounted to the memory
251 ret = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep,
252 gfp_mask | __GFP_NOWARN);
257 * Provided the caller has preloaded here, we will always
258 * succeed in getting a node here (and never reach
261 rtp = this_cpu_ptr(&radix_tree_preloads);
264 rtp->nodes = ret->parent;
268 * Update the allocation stack trace as this is more useful
271 kmemleak_update_trace(ret);
274 ret = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep, gfp_mask);
276 BUG_ON(radix_tree_is_internal_node(ret));
279 ret->offset = offset;
281 ret->nr_values = nr_values;
282 ret->parent = parent;
288 void radix_tree_node_rcu_free(struct rcu_head *head)
290 struct radix_tree_node *node =
291 container_of(head, struct radix_tree_node, rcu_head);
294 * Must only free zeroed nodes into the slab. We can be left with
295 * non-NULL entries by radix_tree_free_nodes, so clear the entries
298 memset(node->slots, 0, sizeof(node->slots));
299 memset(node->tags, 0, sizeof(node->tags));
300 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&node->private_list);
302 kmem_cache_free(radix_tree_node_cachep, node);
306 radix_tree_node_free(struct radix_tree_node *node)
308 call_rcu(&node->rcu_head, radix_tree_node_rcu_free);
312 * Load up this CPU's radix_tree_node buffer with sufficient objects to
313 * ensure that the addition of a single element in the tree cannot fail. On
314 * success, return zero, with preemption disabled. On error, return -ENOMEM
315 * with preemption not disabled.
317 * To make use of this facility, the radix tree must be initialised without
318 * __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM being passed to INIT_RADIX_TREE().
320 static __must_check int __radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned nr)
322 struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
323 struct radix_tree_node *node;
327 * Nodes preloaded by one cgroup can be used by another cgroup, so
328 * they should never be accounted to any particular memory cgroup.
330 gfp_mask &= ~__GFP_ACCOUNT;
332 local_lock(&radix_tree_preloads.lock);
333 rtp = this_cpu_ptr(&radix_tree_preloads);
334 while (rtp->nr < nr) {
335 local_unlock(&radix_tree_preloads.lock);
336 node = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep, gfp_mask);
339 local_lock(&radix_tree_preloads.lock);
340 rtp = this_cpu_ptr(&radix_tree_preloads);
342 node->parent = rtp->nodes;
346 kmem_cache_free(radix_tree_node_cachep, node);
355 * Load up this CPU's radix_tree_node buffer with sufficient objects to
356 * ensure that the addition of a single element in the tree cannot fail. On
357 * success, return zero, with preemption disabled. On error, return -ENOMEM
358 * with preemption not disabled.
360 * To make use of this facility, the radix tree must be initialised without
361 * __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM being passed to INIT_RADIX_TREE().
363 int radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask)
365 /* Warn on non-sensical use... */
366 WARN_ON_ONCE(!gfpflags_allow_blocking(gfp_mask));
367 return __radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask, RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_SIZE);
369 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_preload);
372 * The same as above function, except we don't guarantee preloading happens.
373 * We do it, if we decide it helps. On success, return zero with preemption
374 * disabled. On error, return -ENOMEM with preemption not disabled.
376 int radix_tree_maybe_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask)
378 if (gfpflags_allow_blocking(gfp_mask))
379 return __radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask, RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_SIZE);
380 /* Preloading doesn't help anything with this gfp mask, skip it */
381 local_lock(&radix_tree_preloads.lock);
384 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_maybe_preload);
386 static unsigned radix_tree_load_root(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
387 struct radix_tree_node **nodep, unsigned long *maxindex)
389 struct radix_tree_node *node = rcu_dereference_raw(root->xa_head);
393 if (likely(radix_tree_is_internal_node(node))) {
394 node = entry_to_node(node);
395 *maxindex = node_maxindex(node);
396 return node->shift + RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
404 * Extend a radix tree so it can store key @index.
406 static int radix_tree_extend(struct radix_tree_root *root, gfp_t gfp,
407 unsigned long index, unsigned int shift)
410 unsigned int maxshift;
413 /* Figure out what the shift should be. */
415 while (index > shift_maxindex(maxshift))
416 maxshift += RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
418 entry = rcu_dereference_raw(root->xa_head);
419 if (!entry && (!is_idr(root) || root_tag_get(root, IDR_FREE)))
423 struct radix_tree_node *node = radix_tree_node_alloc(gfp, NULL,
424 root, shift, 0, 1, 0);
429 all_tag_set(node, IDR_FREE);
430 if (!root_tag_get(root, IDR_FREE)) {
431 tag_clear(node, IDR_FREE, 0);
432 root_tag_set(root, IDR_FREE);
435 /* Propagate the aggregated tag info to the new child */
436 for (tag = 0; tag < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS; tag++) {
437 if (root_tag_get(root, tag))
438 tag_set(node, tag, 0);
442 BUG_ON(shift > BITS_PER_LONG);
443 if (radix_tree_is_internal_node(entry)) {
444 entry_to_node(entry)->parent = node;
445 } else if (xa_is_value(entry)) {
446 /* Moving a value entry root->xa_head to a node */
450 * entry was already in the radix tree, so we do not need
451 * rcu_assign_pointer here
453 node->slots[0] = (void __rcu *)entry;
454 entry = node_to_entry(node);
455 rcu_assign_pointer(root->xa_head, entry);
456 shift += RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
457 } while (shift <= maxshift);
459 return maxshift + RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
463 * radix_tree_shrink - shrink radix tree to minimum height
464 * @root: radix tree root
466 static inline bool radix_tree_shrink(struct radix_tree_root *root)
471 struct radix_tree_node *node = rcu_dereference_raw(root->xa_head);
472 struct radix_tree_node *child;
474 if (!radix_tree_is_internal_node(node))
476 node = entry_to_node(node);
479 * The candidate node has more than one child, or its child
480 * is not at the leftmost slot, we cannot shrink.
482 if (node->count != 1)
484 child = rcu_dereference_raw(node->slots[0]);
489 * For an IDR, we must not shrink entry 0 into the root in
490 * case somebody calls idr_replace() with a pointer that
491 * appears to be an internal entry
493 if (!node->shift && is_idr(root))
496 if (radix_tree_is_internal_node(child))
497 entry_to_node(child)->parent = NULL;
500 * We don't need rcu_assign_pointer(), since we are simply
501 * moving the node from one part of the tree to another: if it
502 * was safe to dereference the old pointer to it
503 * (node->slots[0]), it will be safe to dereference the new
504 * one (root->xa_head) as far as dependent read barriers go.
506 root->xa_head = (void __rcu *)child;
507 if (is_idr(root) && !tag_get(node, IDR_FREE, 0))
508 root_tag_clear(root, IDR_FREE);
511 * We have a dilemma here. The node's slot[0] must not be
512 * NULLed in case there are concurrent lookups expecting to
513 * find the item. However if this was a bottom-level node,
514 * then it may be subject to the slot pointer being visible
515 * to callers dereferencing it. If item corresponding to
516 * slot[0] is subsequently deleted, these callers would expect
517 * their slot to become empty sooner or later.
519 * For example, lockless pagecache will look up a slot, deref
520 * the page pointer, and if the page has 0 refcount it means it
521 * was concurrently deleted from pagecache so try the deref
522 * again. Fortunately there is already a requirement for logic
523 * to retry the entire slot lookup -- the indirect pointer
524 * problem (replacing direct root node with an indirect pointer
525 * also results in a stale slot). So tag the slot as indirect
526 * to force callers to retry.
529 if (!radix_tree_is_internal_node(child)) {
530 node->slots[0] = (void __rcu *)RADIX_TREE_RETRY;
533 WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&node->private_list));
534 radix_tree_node_free(node);
541 static bool delete_node(struct radix_tree_root *root,
542 struct radix_tree_node *node)
544 bool deleted = false;
547 struct radix_tree_node *parent;
550 if (node_to_entry(node) ==
551 rcu_dereference_raw(root->xa_head))
552 deleted |= radix_tree_shrink(root);
556 parent = node->parent;
558 parent->slots[node->offset] = NULL;
562 * Shouldn't the tags already have all been cleared
566 root_tag_clear_all(root);
567 root->xa_head = NULL;
570 WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&node->private_list));
571 radix_tree_node_free(node);
581 * __radix_tree_create - create a slot in a radix tree
582 * @root: radix tree root
584 * @nodep: returns node
585 * @slotp: returns slot
587 * Create, if necessary, and return the node and slot for an item
588 * at position @index in the radix tree @root.
590 * Until there is more than one item in the tree, no nodes are
591 * allocated and @root->xa_head is used as a direct slot instead of
592 * pointing to a node, in which case *@nodep will be NULL.
594 * Returns -ENOMEM, or 0 for success.
596 static int __radix_tree_create(struct radix_tree_root *root,
597 unsigned long index, struct radix_tree_node **nodep,
600 struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL, *child;
601 void __rcu **slot = (void __rcu **)&root->xa_head;
602 unsigned long maxindex;
603 unsigned int shift, offset = 0;
604 unsigned long max = index;
605 gfp_t gfp = root_gfp_mask(root);
607 shift = radix_tree_load_root(root, &child, &maxindex);
609 /* Make sure the tree is high enough. */
610 if (max > maxindex) {
611 int error = radix_tree_extend(root, gfp, max, shift);
615 child = rcu_dereference_raw(root->xa_head);
619 shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
621 /* Have to add a child node. */
622 child = radix_tree_node_alloc(gfp, node, root, shift,
626 rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, node_to_entry(child));
629 } else if (!radix_tree_is_internal_node(child))
632 /* Go a level down */
633 node = entry_to_node(child);
634 offset = radix_tree_descend(node, &child, index);
635 slot = &node->slots[offset];
646 * Free any nodes below this node. The tree is presumed to not need
647 * shrinking, and any user data in the tree is presumed to not need a
648 * destructor called on it. If we need to add a destructor, we can
649 * add that functionality later. Note that we may not clear tags or
650 * slots from the tree as an RCU walker may still have a pointer into
651 * this subtree. We could replace the entries with RADIX_TREE_RETRY,
652 * but we'll still have to clear those in rcu_free.
654 static void radix_tree_free_nodes(struct radix_tree_node *node)
657 struct radix_tree_node *child = entry_to_node(node);
660 void *entry = rcu_dereference_raw(child->slots[offset]);
661 if (xa_is_node(entry) && child->shift) {
662 child = entry_to_node(entry);
667 while (offset == RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE) {
668 struct radix_tree_node *old = child;
669 offset = child->offset + 1;
670 child = child->parent;
671 WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&old->private_list));
672 radix_tree_node_free(old);
673 if (old == entry_to_node(node))
679 static inline int insert_entries(struct radix_tree_node *node,
680 void __rcu **slot, void *item)
684 rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, item);
687 if (xa_is_value(item))
694 * radix_tree_insert - insert into a radix tree
695 * @root: radix tree root
697 * @item: item to insert
699 * Insert an item into the radix tree at position @index.
701 int radix_tree_insert(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index,
704 struct radix_tree_node *node;
708 BUG_ON(radix_tree_is_internal_node(item));
710 error = __radix_tree_create(root, index, &node, &slot);
714 error = insert_entries(node, slot, item);
719 unsigned offset = get_slot_offset(node, slot);
720 BUG_ON(tag_get(node, 0, offset));
721 BUG_ON(tag_get(node, 1, offset));
722 BUG_ON(tag_get(node, 2, offset));
724 BUG_ON(root_tags_get(root));
729 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_insert);
732 * __radix_tree_lookup - lookup an item in a radix tree
733 * @root: radix tree root
735 * @nodep: returns node
736 * @slotp: returns slot
738 * Lookup and return the item at position @index in the radix
741 * Until there is more than one item in the tree, no nodes are
742 * allocated and @root->xa_head is used as a direct slot instead of
743 * pointing to a node, in which case *@nodep will be NULL.
745 void *__radix_tree_lookup(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
746 unsigned long index, struct radix_tree_node **nodep,
749 struct radix_tree_node *node, *parent;
750 unsigned long maxindex;
755 slot = (void __rcu **)&root->xa_head;
756 radix_tree_load_root(root, &node, &maxindex);
757 if (index > maxindex)
760 while (radix_tree_is_internal_node(node)) {
763 parent = entry_to_node(node);
764 offset = radix_tree_descend(parent, &node, index);
765 slot = parent->slots + offset;
766 if (node == RADIX_TREE_RETRY)
768 if (parent->shift == 0)
780 * radix_tree_lookup_slot - lookup a slot in a radix tree
781 * @root: radix tree root
784 * Returns: the slot corresponding to the position @index in the
785 * radix tree @root. This is useful for update-if-exists operations.
787 * This function can be called under rcu_read_lock iff the slot is not
788 * modified by radix_tree_replace_slot, otherwise it must be called
789 * exclusive from other writers. Any dereference of the slot must be done
790 * using radix_tree_deref_slot.
792 void __rcu **radix_tree_lookup_slot(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
797 if (!__radix_tree_lookup(root, index, NULL, &slot))
801 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_lookup_slot);
804 * radix_tree_lookup - perform lookup operation on a radix tree
805 * @root: radix tree root
808 * Lookup the item at the position @index in the radix tree @root.
810 * This function can be called under rcu_read_lock, however the caller
811 * must manage lifetimes of leaf nodes (eg. RCU may also be used to free
812 * them safely). No RCU barriers are required to access or modify the
813 * returned item, however.
815 void *radix_tree_lookup(const struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
817 return __radix_tree_lookup(root, index, NULL, NULL);
819 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_lookup);
821 static void replace_slot(void __rcu **slot, void *item,
822 struct radix_tree_node *node, int count, int values)
824 if (node && (count || values)) {
825 node->count += count;
826 node->nr_values += values;
829 rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, item);
832 static bool node_tag_get(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
833 const struct radix_tree_node *node,
834 unsigned int tag, unsigned int offset)
837 return tag_get(node, tag, offset);
838 return root_tag_get(root, tag);
842 * IDR users want to be able to store NULL in the tree, so if the slot isn't
843 * free, don't adjust the count, even if it's transitioning between NULL and
844 * non-NULL. For the IDA, we mark slots as being IDR_FREE while they still
845 * have empty bits, but it only stores NULL in slots when they're being
848 static int calculate_count(struct radix_tree_root *root,
849 struct radix_tree_node *node, void __rcu **slot,
850 void *item, void *old)
853 unsigned offset = get_slot_offset(node, slot);
854 bool free = node_tag_get(root, node, IDR_FREE, offset);
860 return !!item - !!old;
864 * __radix_tree_replace - replace item in a slot
865 * @root: radix tree root
866 * @node: pointer to tree node
867 * @slot: pointer to slot in @node
868 * @item: new item to store in the slot.
870 * For use with __radix_tree_lookup(). Caller must hold tree write locked
871 * across slot lookup and replacement.
873 void __radix_tree_replace(struct radix_tree_root *root,
874 struct radix_tree_node *node,
875 void __rcu **slot, void *item)
877 void *old = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
878 int values = !!xa_is_value(item) - !!xa_is_value(old);
879 int count = calculate_count(root, node, slot, item, old);
882 * This function supports replacing value entries and
883 * deleting entries, but that needs accounting against the
884 * node unless the slot is root->xa_head.
886 WARN_ON_ONCE(!node && (slot != (void __rcu **)&root->xa_head) &&
888 replace_slot(slot, item, node, count, values);
893 delete_node(root, node);
897 * radix_tree_replace_slot - replace item in a slot
898 * @root: radix tree root
899 * @slot: pointer to slot
900 * @item: new item to store in the slot.
902 * For use with radix_tree_lookup_slot() and
903 * radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot(). Caller must hold tree write locked
904 * across slot lookup and replacement.
906 * NOTE: This cannot be used to switch between non-entries (empty slots),
907 * regular entries, and value entries, as that requires accounting
908 * inside the radix tree node. When switching from one type of entry or
909 * deleting, use __radix_tree_lookup() and __radix_tree_replace() or
910 * radix_tree_iter_replace().
912 void radix_tree_replace_slot(struct radix_tree_root *root,
913 void __rcu **slot, void *item)
915 __radix_tree_replace(root, NULL, slot, item);
917 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_replace_slot);
920 * radix_tree_iter_replace - replace item in a slot
921 * @root: radix tree root
922 * @iter: iterator state
923 * @slot: pointer to slot
924 * @item: new item to store in the slot.
926 * For use with radix_tree_for_each_slot().
927 * Caller must hold tree write locked.
929 void radix_tree_iter_replace(struct radix_tree_root *root,
930 const struct radix_tree_iter *iter,
931 void __rcu **slot, void *item)
933 __radix_tree_replace(root, iter->node, slot, item);
936 static void node_tag_set(struct radix_tree_root *root,
937 struct radix_tree_node *node,
938 unsigned int tag, unsigned int offset)
941 if (tag_get(node, tag, offset))
943 tag_set(node, tag, offset);
944 offset = node->offset;
948 if (!root_tag_get(root, tag))
949 root_tag_set(root, tag);
953 * radix_tree_tag_set - set a tag on a radix tree node
954 * @root: radix tree root
958 * Set the search tag (which must be < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
959 * corresponding to @index in the radix tree. From
960 * the root all the way down to the leaf node.
962 * Returns the address of the tagged item. Setting a tag on a not-present
965 void *radix_tree_tag_set(struct radix_tree_root *root,
966 unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
968 struct radix_tree_node *node, *parent;
969 unsigned long maxindex;
971 radix_tree_load_root(root, &node, &maxindex);
972 BUG_ON(index > maxindex);
974 while (radix_tree_is_internal_node(node)) {
977 parent = entry_to_node(node);
978 offset = radix_tree_descend(parent, &node, index);
981 if (!tag_get(parent, tag, offset))
982 tag_set(parent, tag, offset);
985 /* set the root's tag bit */
986 if (!root_tag_get(root, tag))
987 root_tag_set(root, tag);
991 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tag_set);
993 static void node_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root,
994 struct radix_tree_node *node,
995 unsigned int tag, unsigned int offset)
998 if (!tag_get(node, tag, offset))
1000 tag_clear(node, tag, offset);
1001 if (any_tag_set(node, tag))
1004 offset = node->offset;
1005 node = node->parent;
1008 /* clear the root's tag bit */
1009 if (root_tag_get(root, tag))
1010 root_tag_clear(root, tag);
1014 * radix_tree_tag_clear - clear a tag on a radix tree node
1015 * @root: radix tree root
1019 * Clear the search tag (which must be < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
1020 * corresponding to @index in the radix tree. If this causes
1021 * the leaf node to have no tags set then clear the tag in the
1022 * next-to-leaf node, etc.
1024 * Returns the address of the tagged item on success, else NULL. ie:
1025 * has the same return value and semantics as radix_tree_lookup().
1027 void *radix_tree_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root,
1028 unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
1030 struct radix_tree_node *node, *parent;
1031 unsigned long maxindex;
1034 radix_tree_load_root(root, &node, &maxindex);
1035 if (index > maxindex)
1040 while (radix_tree_is_internal_node(node)) {
1041 parent = entry_to_node(node);
1042 offset = radix_tree_descend(parent, &node, index);
1046 node_tag_clear(root, parent, tag, offset);
1050 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tag_clear);
1053 * radix_tree_iter_tag_clear - clear a tag on the current iterator entry
1054 * @root: radix tree root
1055 * @iter: iterator state
1056 * @tag: tag to clear
1058 void radix_tree_iter_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root,
1059 const struct radix_tree_iter *iter, unsigned int tag)
1061 node_tag_clear(root, iter->node, tag, iter_offset(iter));
1065 * radix_tree_tag_get - get a tag on a radix tree node
1066 * @root: radix tree root
1068 * @tag: tag index (< RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
1072 * 0: tag not present or not set
1075 * Note that the return value of this function may not be relied on, even if
1076 * the RCU lock is held, unless tag modification and node deletion are excluded
1079 int radix_tree_tag_get(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
1080 unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
1082 struct radix_tree_node *node, *parent;
1083 unsigned long maxindex;
1085 if (!root_tag_get(root, tag))
1088 radix_tree_load_root(root, &node, &maxindex);
1089 if (index > maxindex)
1092 while (radix_tree_is_internal_node(node)) {
1095 parent = entry_to_node(node);
1096 offset = radix_tree_descend(parent, &node, index);
1098 if (!tag_get(parent, tag, offset))
1100 if (node == RADIX_TREE_RETRY)
1106 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tag_get);
1108 /* Construct iter->tags bit-mask from node->tags[tag] array */
1109 static void set_iter_tags(struct radix_tree_iter *iter,
1110 struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned offset,
1113 unsigned tag_long = offset / BITS_PER_LONG;
1114 unsigned tag_bit = offset % BITS_PER_LONG;
1121 iter->tags = node->tags[tag][tag_long] >> tag_bit;
1123 /* This never happens if RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS == 1 */
1124 if (tag_long < RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS - 1) {
1125 /* Pick tags from next element */
1127 iter->tags |= node->tags[tag][tag_long + 1] <<
1128 (BITS_PER_LONG - tag_bit);
1129 /* Clip chunk size, here only BITS_PER_LONG tags */
1130 iter->next_index = __radix_tree_iter_add(iter, BITS_PER_LONG);
1134 void __rcu **radix_tree_iter_resume(void __rcu **slot,
1135 struct radix_tree_iter *iter)
1138 iter->index = __radix_tree_iter_add(iter, 1);
1139 iter->next_index = iter->index;
1143 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_iter_resume);
1146 * radix_tree_next_chunk - find next chunk of slots for iteration
1148 * @root: radix tree root
1149 * @iter: iterator state
1150 * @flags: RADIX_TREE_ITER_* flags and tag index
1151 * Returns: pointer to chunk first slot, or NULL if iteration is over
1153 void __rcu **radix_tree_next_chunk(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
1154 struct radix_tree_iter *iter, unsigned flags)
1156 unsigned tag = flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAG_MASK;
1157 struct radix_tree_node *node, *child;
1158 unsigned long index, offset, maxindex;
1160 if ((flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED) && !root_tag_get(root, tag))
1164 * Catch next_index overflow after ~0UL. iter->index never overflows
1165 * during iterating; it can be zero only at the beginning.
1166 * And we cannot overflow iter->next_index in a single step,
1167 * because RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT < BITS_PER_LONG.
1169 * This condition also used by radix_tree_next_slot() to stop
1170 * contiguous iterating, and forbid switching to the next chunk.
1172 index = iter->next_index;
1173 if (!index && iter->index)
1177 radix_tree_load_root(root, &child, &maxindex);
1178 if (index > maxindex)
1183 if (!radix_tree_is_internal_node(child)) {
1184 /* Single-slot tree */
1185 iter->index = index;
1186 iter->next_index = maxindex + 1;
1189 return (void __rcu **)&root->xa_head;
1193 node = entry_to_node(child);
1194 offset = radix_tree_descend(node, &child, index);
1196 if ((flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED) ?
1197 !tag_get(node, tag, offset) : !child) {
1199 if (flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_CONTIG)
1202 if (flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED)
1203 offset = radix_tree_find_next_bit(node, tag,
1206 while (++offset < RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE) {
1207 void *slot = rcu_dereference_raw(
1208 node->slots[offset]);
1212 index &= ~node_maxindex(node);
1213 index += offset << node->shift;
1214 /* Overflow after ~0UL */
1217 if (offset == RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE)
1219 child = rcu_dereference_raw(node->slots[offset]);
1224 if (child == RADIX_TREE_RETRY)
1226 } while (node->shift && radix_tree_is_internal_node(child));
1228 /* Update the iterator state */
1229 iter->index = (index &~ node_maxindex(node)) | offset;
1230 iter->next_index = (index | node_maxindex(node)) + 1;
1233 if (flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED)
1234 set_iter_tags(iter, node, offset, tag);
1236 return node->slots + offset;
1238 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_next_chunk);
1241 * radix_tree_gang_lookup - perform multiple lookup on a radix tree
1242 * @root: radix tree root
1243 * @results: where the results of the lookup are placed
1244 * @first_index: start the lookup from this key
1245 * @max_items: place up to this many items at *results
1247 * Performs an index-ascending scan of the tree for present items. Places
1248 * them at *@results and returns the number of items which were placed at
1251 * The implementation is naive.
1253 * Like radix_tree_lookup, radix_tree_gang_lookup may be called under
1254 * rcu_read_lock. In this case, rather than the returned results being
1255 * an atomic snapshot of the tree at a single point in time, the
1256 * semantics of an RCU protected gang lookup are as though multiple
1257 * radix_tree_lookups have been issued in individual locks, and results
1258 * stored in 'results'.
1261 radix_tree_gang_lookup(const struct radix_tree_root *root, void **results,
1262 unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items)
1264 struct radix_tree_iter iter;
1266 unsigned int ret = 0;
1268 if (unlikely(!max_items))
1271 radix_tree_for_each_slot(slot, root, &iter, first_index) {
1272 results[ret] = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
1275 if (radix_tree_is_internal_node(results[ret])) {
1276 slot = radix_tree_iter_retry(&iter);
1279 if (++ret == max_items)
1285 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_gang_lookup);
1288 * radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag - perform multiple lookup on a radix tree
1290 * @root: radix tree root
1291 * @results: where the results of the lookup are placed
1292 * @first_index: start the lookup from this key
1293 * @max_items: place up to this many items at *results
1294 * @tag: the tag index (< RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
1296 * Performs an index-ascending scan of the tree for present items which
1297 * have the tag indexed by @tag set. Places the items at *@results and
1298 * returns the number of items which were placed at *@results.
1301 radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag(const struct radix_tree_root *root, void **results,
1302 unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items,
1305 struct radix_tree_iter iter;
1307 unsigned int ret = 0;
1309 if (unlikely(!max_items))
1312 radix_tree_for_each_tagged(slot, root, &iter, first_index, tag) {
1313 results[ret] = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
1316 if (radix_tree_is_internal_node(results[ret])) {
1317 slot = radix_tree_iter_retry(&iter);
1320 if (++ret == max_items)
1326 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag);
1329 * radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot - perform multiple slot lookup on a
1330 * radix tree based on a tag
1331 * @root: radix tree root
1332 * @results: where the results of the lookup are placed
1333 * @first_index: start the lookup from this key
1334 * @max_items: place up to this many items at *results
1335 * @tag: the tag index (< RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
1337 * Performs an index-ascending scan of the tree for present items which
1338 * have the tag indexed by @tag set. Places the slots at *@results and
1339 * returns the number of slots which were placed at *@results.
1342 radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot(const struct radix_tree_root *root,
1343 void __rcu ***results, unsigned long first_index,
1344 unsigned int max_items, unsigned int tag)
1346 struct radix_tree_iter iter;
1348 unsigned int ret = 0;
1350 if (unlikely(!max_items))
1353 radix_tree_for_each_tagged(slot, root, &iter, first_index, tag) {
1354 results[ret] = slot;
1355 if (++ret == max_items)
1361 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot);
1363 static bool __radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root,
1364 struct radix_tree_node *node, void __rcu **slot)
1366 void *old = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
1367 int values = xa_is_value(old) ? -1 : 0;
1368 unsigned offset = get_slot_offset(node, slot);
1372 node_tag_set(root, node, IDR_FREE, offset);
1374 for (tag = 0; tag < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS; tag++)
1375 node_tag_clear(root, node, tag, offset);
1377 replace_slot(slot, NULL, node, -1, values);
1378 return node && delete_node(root, node);
1382 * radix_tree_iter_delete - delete the entry at this iterator position
1383 * @root: radix tree root
1384 * @iter: iterator state
1385 * @slot: pointer to slot
1387 * Delete the entry at the position currently pointed to by the iterator.
1388 * This may result in the current node being freed; if it is, the iterator
1389 * is advanced so that it will not reference the freed memory. This
1390 * function may be called without any locking if there are no other threads
1391 * which can access this tree.
1393 void radix_tree_iter_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root,
1394 struct radix_tree_iter *iter, void __rcu **slot)
1396 if (__radix_tree_delete(root, iter->node, slot))
1397 iter->index = iter->next_index;
1399 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_iter_delete);
1402 * radix_tree_delete_item - delete an item from a radix tree
1403 * @root: radix tree root
1405 * @item: expected item
1407 * Remove @item at @index from the radix tree rooted at @root.
1409 * Return: the deleted entry, or %NULL if it was not present
1410 * or the entry at the given @index was not @item.
1412 void *radix_tree_delete_item(struct radix_tree_root *root,
1413 unsigned long index, void *item)
1415 struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL;
1416 void __rcu **slot = NULL;
1419 entry = __radix_tree_lookup(root, index, &node, &slot);
1422 if (!entry && (!is_idr(root) || node_tag_get(root, node, IDR_FREE,
1423 get_slot_offset(node, slot))))
1426 if (item && entry != item)
1429 __radix_tree_delete(root, node, slot);
1433 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_delete_item);
1436 * radix_tree_delete - delete an entry from a radix tree
1437 * @root: radix tree root
1440 * Remove the entry at @index from the radix tree rooted at @root.
1442 * Return: The deleted entry, or %NULL if it was not present.
1444 void *radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
1446 return radix_tree_delete_item(root, index, NULL);
1448 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_delete);
1451 * radix_tree_tagged - test whether any items in the tree are tagged
1452 * @root: radix tree root
1455 int radix_tree_tagged(const struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned int tag)
1457 return root_tag_get(root, tag);
1459 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tagged);
1462 * idr_preload - preload for idr_alloc()
1463 * @gfp_mask: allocation mask to use for preloading
1465 * Preallocate memory to use for the next call to idr_alloc(). This function
1466 * returns with preemption disabled. It will be enabled by idr_preload_end().
1468 void idr_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask)
1470 if (__radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask, IDR_PRELOAD_SIZE))
1471 local_lock(&radix_tree_preloads.lock);
1473 EXPORT_SYMBOL(idr_preload);
1475 void __rcu **idr_get_free(struct radix_tree_root *root,
1476 struct radix_tree_iter *iter, gfp_t gfp,
1479 struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL, *child;
1480 void __rcu **slot = (void __rcu **)&root->xa_head;
1481 unsigned long maxindex, start = iter->next_index;
1482 unsigned int shift, offset = 0;
1485 shift = radix_tree_load_root(root, &child, &maxindex);
1486 if (!radix_tree_tagged(root, IDR_FREE))
1487 start = max(start, maxindex + 1);
1489 return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);
1491 if (start > maxindex) {
1492 int error = radix_tree_extend(root, gfp, start, shift);
1494 return ERR_PTR(error);
1496 child = rcu_dereference_raw(root->xa_head);
1498 if (start == 0 && shift == 0)
1499 shift = RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
1502 shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
1503 if (child == NULL) {
1504 /* Have to add a child node. */
1505 child = radix_tree_node_alloc(gfp, node, root, shift,
1508 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
1509 all_tag_set(child, IDR_FREE);
1510 rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, node_to_entry(child));
1513 } else if (!radix_tree_is_internal_node(child))
1516 node = entry_to_node(child);
1517 offset = radix_tree_descend(node, &child, start);
1518 if (!tag_get(node, IDR_FREE, offset)) {
1519 offset = radix_tree_find_next_bit(node, IDR_FREE,
1521 start = next_index(start, node, offset);
1522 if (start > max || start == 0)
1523 return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);
1524 while (offset == RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE) {
1525 offset = node->offset + 1;
1526 node = node->parent;
1529 shift = node->shift;
1531 child = rcu_dereference_raw(node->slots[offset]);
1533 slot = &node->slots[offset];
1536 iter->index = start;
1538 iter->next_index = 1 + min(max, (start | node_maxindex(node)));
1540 iter->next_index = 1;
1542 set_iter_tags(iter, node, offset, IDR_FREE);
1548 * idr_destroy - release all internal memory from an IDR
1551 * After this function is called, the IDR is empty, and may be reused or
1552 * the data structure containing it may be freed.
1554 * A typical clean-up sequence for objects stored in an idr tree will use
1555 * idr_for_each() to free all objects, if necessary, then idr_destroy() to
1556 * free the memory used to keep track of those objects.
1558 void idr_destroy(struct idr *idr)
1560 struct radix_tree_node *node = rcu_dereference_raw(idr->idr_rt.xa_head);
1561 if (radix_tree_is_internal_node(node))
1562 radix_tree_free_nodes(node);
1563 idr->idr_rt.xa_head = NULL;
1564 root_tag_set(&idr->idr_rt, IDR_FREE);
1566 EXPORT_SYMBOL(idr_destroy);
1569 radix_tree_node_ctor(void *arg)
1571 struct radix_tree_node *node = arg;
1573 memset(node, 0, sizeof(*node));
1574 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&node->private_list);
1577 static int radix_tree_cpu_dead(unsigned int cpu)
1579 struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
1580 struct radix_tree_node *node;
1582 /* Free per-cpu pool of preloaded nodes */
1583 rtp = &per_cpu(radix_tree_preloads, cpu);
1586 rtp->nodes = node->parent;
1587 kmem_cache_free(radix_tree_node_cachep, node);
1593 void __init radix_tree_init(void)
1597 BUILD_BUG_ON(RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS + __GFP_BITS_SHIFT > 32);
1598 BUILD_BUG_ON(ROOT_IS_IDR & ~GFP_ZONEMASK);
1599 BUILD_BUG_ON(XA_CHUNK_SIZE > 255);
1600 radix_tree_node_cachep = kmem_cache_create("radix_tree_node",
1601 sizeof(struct radix_tree_node), 0,
1602 SLAB_PANIC | SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT,
1603 radix_tree_node_ctor);
1604 ret = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_RADIX_DEAD, "lib/radix:dead",
1605 NULL, radix_tree_cpu_dead);