4 This file is part of DRBD by Philipp Reisner and Lars Ellenberg.
6 Copyright (C) 2003-2008, LINBIT Information Technologies GmbH.
7 Copyright (C) 2003-2008, Philipp Reisner <philipp.reisner@linbit.com>.
8 Copyright (C) 2003-2008, Lars Ellenberg <lars.ellenberg@linbit.com>.
10 drbd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
15 drbd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18 GNU General Public License for more details.
20 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21 along with drbd; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
22 the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
26 #include <linux/module.h>
27 #include <linux/bitops.h>
28 #include <linux/slab.h>
29 #include <linux/string.h> /* for memset */
30 #include <linux/seq_file.h> /* for seq_printf */
31 #include <linux/lru_cache.h>
33 MODULE_AUTHOR("Philipp Reisner <phil@linbit.com>, "
34 "Lars Ellenberg <lars@linbit.com>");
35 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("lru_cache - Track sets of hot objects");
36 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
38 /* this is developers aid only.
39 * it catches concurrent access (lack of locking on the users part) */
40 #define PARANOIA_ENTRY() do { \
42 BUG_ON(!lc->nr_elements); \
43 BUG_ON(test_and_set_bit(__LC_PARANOIA, &lc->flags)); \
46 #define RETURN(x...) do { \
47 clear_bit_unlock(__LC_PARANOIA, &lc->flags); \
48 return x ; } while (0)
50 /* BUG() if e is not one of the elements tracked by lc */
51 #define PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e) do { \
52 struct lru_cache *lc_ = (lc); \
53 struct lc_element *e_ = (e); \
54 unsigned i = e_->lc_index; \
55 BUG_ON(i >= lc_->nr_elements); \
56 BUG_ON(lc_->lc_element[i] != e_); } while (0)
59 /* We need to atomically
60 * - try to grab the lock (set LC_LOCKED)
61 * - only if there is no pending transaction
62 * (neither LC_DIRTY nor LC_STARVING is set)
63 * Because of PARANOIA_ENTRY() above abusing lc->flags as well,
64 * it is not sufficient to just say
65 * return 0 == cmpxchg(&lc->flags, 0, LC_LOCKED);
67 int lc_try_lock(struct lru_cache *lc)
71 val = cmpxchg(&lc->flags, 0, LC_LOCKED);
72 } while (unlikely (val == LC_PARANOIA));
73 /* Spin until no-one is inside a PARANOIA_ENTRY()/RETURN() section. */
76 /* Alternative approach, spin in case someone enters or leaves a
77 * PARANOIA_ENTRY()/RETURN() section. */
78 unsigned long old, new, val;
80 old = lc->flags & LC_PARANOIA;
81 new = old | LC_LOCKED;
82 val = cmpxchg(&lc->flags, old, new);
83 } while (unlikely (val == (old ^ LC_PARANOIA)));
89 * lc_create - prepares to track objects in an active set
90 * @name: descriptive name only used in lc_seq_printf_stats and lc_seq_dump_details
91 * @max_pending_changes: maximum changes to accumulate until a transaction is required
92 * @e_count: number of elements allowed to be active simultaneously
93 * @e_size: size of the tracked objects
94 * @e_off: offset to the &struct lc_element member in a tracked object
96 * Returns a pointer to a newly initialized struct lru_cache on success,
97 * or NULL on (allocation) failure.
99 struct lru_cache *lc_create(const char *name, struct kmem_cache *cache,
100 unsigned max_pending_changes,
101 unsigned e_count, size_t e_size, size_t e_off)
103 struct hlist_head *slot = NULL;
104 struct lc_element **element = NULL;
105 struct lru_cache *lc;
106 struct lc_element *e;
107 unsigned cache_obj_size = kmem_cache_size(cache);
110 WARN_ON(cache_obj_size < e_size);
111 if (cache_obj_size < e_size)
114 /* e_count too big; would probably fail the allocation below anyways.
115 * for typical use cases, e_count should be few thousand at most. */
116 if (e_count > LC_MAX_ACTIVE)
119 slot = kcalloc(e_count, sizeof(struct hlist_head), GFP_KERNEL);
122 element = kzalloc(e_count * sizeof(struct lc_element *), GFP_KERNEL);
126 lc = kzalloc(sizeof(*lc), GFP_KERNEL);
130 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->in_use);
131 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->lru);
132 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->free);
133 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->to_be_changed);
136 lc->element_size = e_size;
137 lc->element_off = e_off;
138 lc->nr_elements = e_count;
139 lc->max_pending_changes = max_pending_changes;
140 lc->lc_cache = cache;
141 lc->lc_element = element;
144 /* preallocate all objects */
145 for (i = 0; i < e_count; i++) {
146 void *p = kmem_cache_alloc(cache, GFP_KERNEL);
149 memset(p, 0, lc->element_size);
152 e->lc_number = LC_FREE;
153 e->lc_new_number = LC_FREE;
154 list_add(&e->list, &lc->free);
160 /* else: could not allocate all elements, give up */
162 void *p = element[i];
163 kmem_cache_free(cache, p - e_off);
172 static void lc_free_by_index(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned i)
174 void *p = lc->lc_element[i];
177 p -= lc->element_off;
178 kmem_cache_free(lc->lc_cache, p);
183 * lc_destroy - frees memory allocated by lc_create()
184 * @lc: the lru cache to destroy
186 void lc_destroy(struct lru_cache *lc)
191 for (i = 0; i < lc->nr_elements; i++)
192 lc_free_by_index(lc, i);
193 kfree(lc->lc_element);
199 * lc_reset - does a full reset for @lc and the hash table slots.
200 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
202 * It is roughly the equivalent of re-allocating a fresh lru_cache object,
203 * basically a short cut to lc_destroy(lc); lc = lc_create(...);
205 void lc_reset(struct lru_cache *lc)
209 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->in_use);
210 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->lru);
211 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->free);
212 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->to_be_changed);
219 lc->pending_changes = 0;
221 memset(lc->lc_slot, 0, sizeof(struct hlist_head) * lc->nr_elements);
223 for (i = 0; i < lc->nr_elements; i++) {
224 struct lc_element *e = lc->lc_element[i];
226 p -= lc->element_off;
227 memset(p, 0, lc->element_size);
230 e->lc_number = LC_FREE;
231 e->lc_new_number = LC_FREE;
232 list_add(&e->list, &lc->free);
237 * lc_seq_printf_stats - print stats about @lc into @seq
238 * @seq: the seq_file to print into
239 * @lc: the lru cache to print statistics of
241 void lc_seq_printf_stats(struct seq_file *seq, struct lru_cache *lc)
244 * total calls to lc_get are
245 * (starving + hits + misses)
246 * misses include "locked" count (update from an other thread in
247 * progress) and "changed", when this in fact lead to an successful
248 * update of the cache.
250 seq_printf(seq, "\t%s: used:%u/%u hits:%lu misses:%lu starving:%lu locked:%lu changed:%lu\n",
251 lc->name, lc->used, lc->nr_elements,
252 lc->hits, lc->misses, lc->starving, lc->locked, lc->changed);
255 static struct hlist_head *lc_hash_slot(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr)
257 return lc->lc_slot + (enr % lc->nr_elements);
261 static struct lc_element *__lc_find(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr,
262 bool include_changing)
264 struct lc_element *e;
267 BUG_ON(!lc->nr_elements);
268 hlist_for_each_entry(e, lc_hash_slot(lc, enr), colision) {
269 /* "about to be changed" elements, pending transaction commit,
270 * are hashed by their "new number". "Normal" elements have
271 * lc_number == lc_new_number. */
272 if (e->lc_new_number != enr)
274 if (e->lc_new_number == e->lc_number || include_changing)
282 * lc_find - find element by label, if present in the hash table
283 * @lc: The lru_cache object
284 * @enr: element number
286 * Returns the pointer to an element, if the element with the requested
287 * "label" or element number is present in the hash table,
288 * or NULL if not found. Does not change the refcnt.
289 * Ignores elements that are "about to be used", i.e. not yet in the active
290 * set, but still pending transaction commit.
292 struct lc_element *lc_find(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr)
294 return __lc_find(lc, enr, 0);
298 * lc_is_used - find element by label
299 * @lc: The lru_cache object
300 * @enr: element number
302 * Returns true, if the element with the requested "label" or element number is
303 * present in the hash table, and is used (refcnt > 0).
304 * Also finds elements that are not _currently_ used but only "about to be
305 * used", i.e. on the "to_be_changed" list, pending transaction commit.
307 bool lc_is_used(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr)
309 struct lc_element *e = __lc_find(lc, enr, 1);
310 return e && e->refcnt;
314 * lc_del - removes an element from the cache
315 * @lc: The lru_cache object
316 * @e: The element to remove
318 * @e must be unused (refcnt == 0). Moves @e from "lru" to "free" list,
319 * sets @e->enr to %LC_FREE.
321 void lc_del(struct lru_cache *lc, struct lc_element *e)
324 PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e);
327 e->lc_number = e->lc_new_number = LC_FREE;
328 hlist_del_init(&e->colision);
329 list_move(&e->list, &lc->free);
333 static struct lc_element *lc_prepare_for_change(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned new_number)
336 struct lc_element *e;
338 if (!list_empty(&lc->free))
340 else if (!list_empty(&lc->lru))
345 e = list_entry(n, struct lc_element, list);
346 PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e);
348 e->lc_new_number = new_number;
349 if (!hlist_unhashed(&e->colision))
350 __hlist_del(&e->colision);
351 hlist_add_head(&e->colision, lc_hash_slot(lc, new_number));
352 list_move(&e->list, &lc->to_be_changed);
357 static int lc_unused_element_available(struct lru_cache *lc)
359 if (!list_empty(&lc->free))
360 return 1; /* something on the free list */
361 if (!list_empty(&lc->lru))
362 return 1; /* something to evict */
367 /* used as internal flags to __lc_get */
369 LC_GET_MAY_CHANGE = 1,
370 LC_GET_MAY_USE_UNCOMMITTED = 2,
373 static struct lc_element *__lc_get(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr, unsigned int flags)
375 struct lc_element *e;
378 if (lc->flags & LC_STARVING) {
383 e = __lc_find(lc, enr, 1);
384 /* if lc_new_number != lc_number,
385 * this enr is currently being pulled in already,
386 * and will be available once the pending transaction
387 * has been committed. */
389 if (e->lc_new_number != e->lc_number) {
390 /* It has been found above, but on the "to_be_changed"
391 * list, not yet committed. Don't pull it in twice,
392 * wait for the transaction, then try again...
394 if (!(flags & LC_GET_MAY_USE_UNCOMMITTED))
396 /* ... unless the caller is aware of the implications,
397 * probably preparing a cumulative transaction. */
402 /* else: lc_new_number == lc_number; a real hit. */
404 if (e->refcnt++ == 0)
406 list_move(&e->list, &lc->in_use); /* Not evictable... */
412 if (!(flags & LC_GET_MAY_CHANGE))
415 /* To avoid races with lc_try_lock(), first, mark us dirty
416 * (using test_and_set_bit, as it implies memory barriers), ... */
417 test_and_set_bit(__LC_DIRTY, &lc->flags);
419 /* ... only then check if it is locked anyways. If lc_unlock clears
420 * the dirty bit again, that's not a problem, we will come here again.
422 if (test_bit(__LC_LOCKED, &lc->flags)) {
427 /* In case there is nothing available and we can not kick out
428 * the LRU element, we have to wait ...
430 if (!lc_unused_element_available(lc)) {
431 __set_bit(__LC_STARVING, &lc->flags);
435 /* It was not present in the active set. We are going to recycle an
436 * unused (or even "free") element, but we won't accumulate more than
437 * max_pending_changes changes. */
438 if (lc->pending_changes >= lc->max_pending_changes)
441 e = lc_prepare_for_change(lc, enr);
444 clear_bit(__LC_STARVING, &lc->flags);
445 BUG_ON(++e->refcnt != 1);
447 lc->pending_changes++;
453 * lc_get - get element by label, maybe change the active set
454 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
455 * @enr: the label to look up
457 * Finds an element in the cache, increases its usage count,
458 * "touches" and returns it.
460 * In case the requested number is not present, it needs to be added to the
461 * cache. Therefore it is possible that an other element becomes evicted from
462 * the cache. In either case, the user is notified so he is able to e.g. keep
463 * a persistent log of the cache changes, and therefore the objects in use.
467 * The cache was marked %LC_STARVING,
468 * or the requested label was not in the active set
469 * and a changing transaction is still pending (@lc was marked %LC_DIRTY).
470 * Or no unused or free element could be recycled (@lc will be marked as
471 * %LC_STARVING, blocking further lc_get() operations).
473 * pointer to the element with the REQUESTED element number.
474 * In this case, it can be used right away
476 * pointer to an UNUSED element with some different element number,
477 * where that different number may also be %LC_FREE.
479 * In this case, the cache is marked %LC_DIRTY,
480 * so lc_try_lock() will no longer succeed.
481 * The returned element pointer is moved to the "to_be_changed" list,
482 * and registered with the new element number on the hash collision chains,
483 * so it is possible to pick it up from lc_is_used().
484 * Up to "max_pending_changes" (see lc_create()) can be accumulated.
485 * The user now should do whatever housekeeping is necessary,
486 * typically serialize on lc_try_lock_for_transaction(), then call
487 * lc_committed(lc) and lc_unlock(), to finish the change.
489 * NOTE: The user needs to check the lc_number on EACH use, so he recognizes
490 * any cache set change.
492 struct lc_element *lc_get(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr)
494 return __lc_get(lc, enr, LC_GET_MAY_CHANGE);
498 * lc_get_cumulative - like lc_get; also finds to-be-changed elements
499 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
500 * @enr: the label to look up
502 * Unlike lc_get this also returns the element for @enr, if it is belonging to
503 * a pending transaction, so the return values are like for lc_get(),
506 * pointer to an element already on the "to_be_changed" list.
507 * In this case, the cache was already marked %LC_DIRTY.
509 * Caller needs to make sure that the pending transaction is completed,
510 * before proceeding to actually use this element.
512 struct lc_element *lc_get_cumulative(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr)
514 return __lc_get(lc, enr, LC_GET_MAY_CHANGE|LC_GET_MAY_USE_UNCOMMITTED);
518 * lc_try_get - get element by label, if present; do not change the active set
519 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
520 * @enr: the label to look up
522 * Finds an element in the cache, increases its usage count,
523 * "touches" and returns it.
527 * The cache was marked %LC_STARVING,
528 * or the requested label was not in the active set
530 * pointer to the element with the REQUESTED element number.
531 * In this case, it can be used right away
533 struct lc_element *lc_try_get(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr)
535 return __lc_get(lc, enr, 0);
539 * lc_committed - tell @lc that pending changes have been recorded
540 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
542 * User is expected to serialize on explicit lc_try_lock_for_transaction()
543 * before the transaction is started, and later needs to lc_unlock() explicitly
546 void lc_committed(struct lru_cache *lc)
548 struct lc_element *e, *tmp;
551 list_for_each_entry_safe(e, tmp, &lc->to_be_changed, list) {
552 /* count number of changes, not number of transactions */
554 e->lc_number = e->lc_new_number;
555 list_move(&e->list, &lc->in_use);
557 lc->pending_changes = 0;
563 * lc_put - give up refcnt of @e
564 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
565 * @e: the element to put
567 * If refcnt reaches zero, the element is moved to the lru list,
568 * and a %LC_STARVING (if set) is cleared.
569 * Returns the new (post-decrement) refcnt.
571 unsigned int lc_put(struct lru_cache *lc, struct lc_element *e)
574 PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e);
575 BUG_ON(e->refcnt == 0);
576 BUG_ON(e->lc_number != e->lc_new_number);
577 if (--e->refcnt == 0) {
578 /* move it to the front of LRU. */
579 list_move(&e->list, &lc->lru);
581 clear_bit_unlock(__LC_STARVING, &lc->flags);
587 * lc_element_by_index
588 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
589 * @i: the index of the element to return
591 struct lc_element *lc_element_by_index(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned i)
593 BUG_ON(i >= lc->nr_elements);
594 BUG_ON(lc->lc_element[i] == NULL);
595 BUG_ON(lc->lc_element[i]->lc_index != i);
596 return lc->lc_element[i];
601 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
602 * @e: the element to query for its index position in lc->element
604 unsigned int lc_index_of(struct lru_cache *lc, struct lc_element *e)
606 PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e);
611 * lc_set - associate index with label
612 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
613 * @enr: the label to set
614 * @index: the element index to associate label with.
616 * Used to initialize the active set to some previously recorded state.
618 void lc_set(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr, int index)
620 struct lc_element *e;
621 struct list_head *lh;
623 if (index < 0 || index >= lc->nr_elements)
626 e = lc_element_by_index(lc, index);
627 BUG_ON(e->lc_number != e->lc_new_number);
628 BUG_ON(e->refcnt != 0);
630 e->lc_number = e->lc_new_number = enr;
631 hlist_del_init(&e->colision);
635 hlist_add_head(&e->colision, lc_hash_slot(lc, enr));
638 list_move(&e->list, lh);
642 * lc_dump - Dump a complete LRU cache to seq in textual form.
643 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
644 * @seq: the &struct seq_file pointer to seq_printf into
645 * @utext: user supplied additional "heading" or other info
646 * @detail: function pointer the user may provide to dump further details
647 * of the object the lc_element is embedded in. May be NULL.
648 * Note: a leading space ' ' and trailing newline '\n' is implied.
650 void lc_seq_dump_details(struct seq_file *seq, struct lru_cache *lc, char *utext,
651 void (*detail) (struct seq_file *, struct lc_element *))
653 unsigned int nr_elements = lc->nr_elements;
654 struct lc_element *e;
657 seq_printf(seq, "\tnn: lc_number (new nr) refcnt %s\n ", utext);
658 for (i = 0; i < nr_elements; i++) {
659 e = lc_element_by_index(lc, i);
660 if (e->lc_number != e->lc_new_number)
661 seq_printf(seq, "\t%5d: %6d %8d %6d ",
662 i, e->lc_number, e->lc_new_number, e->refcnt);
664 seq_printf(seq, "\t%5d: %6d %-8s %6d ",
665 i, e->lc_number, "-\"-", e->refcnt);
672 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_create);
673 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_reset);
674 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_destroy);
675 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_set);
676 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_del);
677 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_try_get);
678 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_find);
679 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_get);
680 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_put);
681 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_committed);
682 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_element_by_index);
683 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_index_of);
684 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_seq_printf_stats);
685 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_seq_dump_details);
686 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_try_lock);
687 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_is_used);
688 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_get_cumulative);