1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
5 This file is part of DRBD by Philipp Reisner and Lars Ellenberg.
7 Copyright (C) 2003-2008, LINBIT Information Technologies GmbH.
8 Copyright (C) 2003-2008, Philipp Reisner <philipp.reisner@linbit.com>.
9 Copyright (C) 2003-2008, Lars Ellenberg <lars.ellenberg@linbit.com>.
14 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/bitops.h>
16 #include <linux/slab.h>
17 #include <linux/string.h> /* for memset */
18 #include <linux/seq_file.h> /* for seq_printf */
19 #include <linux/lru_cache.h>
21 MODULE_AUTHOR("Philipp Reisner <phil@linbit.com>, "
22 "Lars Ellenberg <lars@linbit.com>");
23 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("lru_cache - Track sets of hot objects");
24 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
26 /* this is developers aid only.
27 * it catches concurrent access (lack of locking on the users part) */
28 #define PARANOIA_ENTRY() do { \
30 BUG_ON(!lc->nr_elements); \
31 BUG_ON(test_and_set_bit(__LC_PARANOIA, &lc->flags)); \
34 #define RETURN(x...) do { \
35 clear_bit_unlock(__LC_PARANOIA, &lc->flags); \
36 return x ; } while (0)
38 /* BUG() if e is not one of the elements tracked by lc */
39 #define PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e) do { \
40 struct lru_cache *lc_ = (lc); \
41 struct lc_element *e_ = (e); \
42 unsigned i = e_->lc_index; \
43 BUG_ON(i >= lc_->nr_elements); \
44 BUG_ON(lc_->lc_element[i] != e_); } while (0)
47 /* We need to atomically
48 * - try to grab the lock (set LC_LOCKED)
49 * - only if there is no pending transaction
50 * (neither LC_DIRTY nor LC_STARVING is set)
51 * Because of PARANOIA_ENTRY() above abusing lc->flags as well,
52 * it is not sufficient to just say
53 * return 0 == cmpxchg(&lc->flags, 0, LC_LOCKED);
55 int lc_try_lock(struct lru_cache *lc)
59 val = cmpxchg(&lc->flags, 0, LC_LOCKED);
60 } while (unlikely (val == LC_PARANOIA));
61 /* Spin until no-one is inside a PARANOIA_ENTRY()/RETURN() section. */
66 * lc_create - prepares to track objects in an active set
67 * @name: descriptive name only used in lc_seq_printf_stats and lc_seq_dump_details
68 * @cache: cache root pointer
69 * @max_pending_changes: maximum changes to accumulate until a transaction is required
70 * @e_count: number of elements allowed to be active simultaneously
71 * @e_size: size of the tracked objects
72 * @e_off: offset to the &struct lc_element member in a tracked object
74 * Returns a pointer to a newly initialized struct lru_cache on success,
75 * or NULL on (allocation) failure.
77 struct lru_cache *lc_create(const char *name, struct kmem_cache *cache,
78 unsigned max_pending_changes,
79 unsigned e_count, size_t e_size, size_t e_off)
81 struct hlist_head *slot = NULL;
82 struct lc_element **element = NULL;
85 unsigned cache_obj_size = kmem_cache_size(cache);
88 WARN_ON(cache_obj_size < e_size);
89 if (cache_obj_size < e_size)
92 /* e_count too big; would probably fail the allocation below anyways.
93 * for typical use cases, e_count should be few thousand at most. */
94 if (e_count > LC_MAX_ACTIVE)
97 slot = kcalloc(e_count, sizeof(struct hlist_head), GFP_KERNEL);
100 element = kcalloc(e_count, sizeof(struct lc_element *), GFP_KERNEL);
104 lc = kzalloc(sizeof(*lc), GFP_KERNEL);
108 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->in_use);
109 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->lru);
110 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->free);
111 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->to_be_changed);
114 lc->element_size = e_size;
115 lc->element_off = e_off;
116 lc->nr_elements = e_count;
117 lc->max_pending_changes = max_pending_changes;
118 lc->lc_cache = cache;
119 lc->lc_element = element;
122 /* preallocate all objects */
123 for (i = 0; i < e_count; i++) {
124 void *p = kmem_cache_alloc(cache, GFP_KERNEL);
127 memset(p, 0, lc->element_size);
130 e->lc_number = LC_FREE;
131 e->lc_new_number = LC_FREE;
132 list_add(&e->list, &lc->free);
138 /* else: could not allocate all elements, give up */
140 void *p = element[--i];
141 kmem_cache_free(cache, p - e_off);
150 static void lc_free_by_index(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned i)
152 void *p = lc->lc_element[i];
155 p -= lc->element_off;
156 kmem_cache_free(lc->lc_cache, p);
161 * lc_destroy - frees memory allocated by lc_create()
162 * @lc: the lru cache to destroy
164 void lc_destroy(struct lru_cache *lc)
169 for (i = 0; i < lc->nr_elements; i++)
170 lc_free_by_index(lc, i);
171 kfree(lc->lc_element);
177 * lc_reset - does a full reset for @lc and the hash table slots.
178 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
180 * It is roughly the equivalent of re-allocating a fresh lru_cache object,
181 * basically a short cut to lc_destroy(lc); lc = lc_create(...);
183 void lc_reset(struct lru_cache *lc)
187 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->in_use);
188 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->lru);
189 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->free);
190 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->to_be_changed);
197 lc->pending_changes = 0;
199 memset(lc->lc_slot, 0, sizeof(struct hlist_head) * lc->nr_elements);
201 for (i = 0; i < lc->nr_elements; i++) {
202 struct lc_element *e = lc->lc_element[i];
204 p -= lc->element_off;
205 memset(p, 0, lc->element_size);
208 e->lc_number = LC_FREE;
209 e->lc_new_number = LC_FREE;
210 list_add(&e->list, &lc->free);
215 * lc_seq_printf_stats - print stats about @lc into @seq
216 * @seq: the seq_file to print into
217 * @lc: the lru cache to print statistics of
219 void lc_seq_printf_stats(struct seq_file *seq, struct lru_cache *lc)
222 * total calls to lc_get are
223 * (starving + hits + misses)
224 * misses include "locked" count (update from an other thread in
225 * progress) and "changed", when this in fact lead to an successful
226 * update of the cache.
228 seq_printf(seq, "\t%s: used:%u/%u hits:%lu misses:%lu starving:%lu locked:%lu changed:%lu\n",
229 lc->name, lc->used, lc->nr_elements,
230 lc->hits, lc->misses, lc->starving, lc->locked, lc->changed);
233 static struct hlist_head *lc_hash_slot(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr)
235 return lc->lc_slot + (enr % lc->nr_elements);
239 static struct lc_element *__lc_find(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr,
240 bool include_changing)
242 struct lc_element *e;
245 BUG_ON(!lc->nr_elements);
246 hlist_for_each_entry(e, lc_hash_slot(lc, enr), colision) {
247 /* "about to be changed" elements, pending transaction commit,
248 * are hashed by their "new number". "Normal" elements have
249 * lc_number == lc_new_number. */
250 if (e->lc_new_number != enr)
252 if (e->lc_new_number == e->lc_number || include_changing)
260 * lc_find - find element by label, if present in the hash table
261 * @lc: The lru_cache object
262 * @enr: element number
264 * Returns the pointer to an element, if the element with the requested
265 * "label" or element number is present in the hash table,
266 * or NULL if not found. Does not change the refcnt.
267 * Ignores elements that are "about to be used", i.e. not yet in the active
268 * set, but still pending transaction commit.
270 struct lc_element *lc_find(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr)
272 return __lc_find(lc, enr, 0);
276 * lc_is_used - find element by label
277 * @lc: The lru_cache object
278 * @enr: element number
280 * Returns true, if the element with the requested "label" or element number is
281 * present in the hash table, and is used (refcnt > 0).
282 * Also finds elements that are not _currently_ used but only "about to be
283 * used", i.e. on the "to_be_changed" list, pending transaction commit.
285 bool lc_is_used(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr)
287 struct lc_element *e = __lc_find(lc, enr, 1);
288 return e && e->refcnt;
292 * lc_del - removes an element from the cache
293 * @lc: The lru_cache object
294 * @e: The element to remove
296 * @e must be unused (refcnt == 0). Moves @e from "lru" to "free" list,
297 * sets @e->enr to %LC_FREE.
299 void lc_del(struct lru_cache *lc, struct lc_element *e)
302 PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e);
305 e->lc_number = e->lc_new_number = LC_FREE;
306 hlist_del_init(&e->colision);
307 list_move(&e->list, &lc->free);
311 static struct lc_element *lc_prepare_for_change(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned new_number)
314 struct lc_element *e;
316 if (!list_empty(&lc->free))
318 else if (!list_empty(&lc->lru))
323 e = list_entry(n, struct lc_element, list);
324 PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e);
326 e->lc_new_number = new_number;
327 if (!hlist_unhashed(&e->colision))
328 __hlist_del(&e->colision);
329 hlist_add_head(&e->colision, lc_hash_slot(lc, new_number));
330 list_move(&e->list, &lc->to_be_changed);
335 static int lc_unused_element_available(struct lru_cache *lc)
337 if (!list_empty(&lc->free))
338 return 1; /* something on the free list */
339 if (!list_empty(&lc->lru))
340 return 1; /* something to evict */
345 /* used as internal flags to __lc_get */
347 LC_GET_MAY_CHANGE = 1,
348 LC_GET_MAY_USE_UNCOMMITTED = 2,
351 static struct lc_element *__lc_get(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr, unsigned int flags)
353 struct lc_element *e;
356 if (test_bit(__LC_STARVING, &lc->flags)) {
361 e = __lc_find(lc, enr, 1);
362 /* if lc_new_number != lc_number,
363 * this enr is currently being pulled in already,
364 * and will be available once the pending transaction
365 * has been committed. */
367 if (e->lc_new_number != e->lc_number) {
368 /* It has been found above, but on the "to_be_changed"
369 * list, not yet committed. Don't pull it in twice,
370 * wait for the transaction, then try again...
372 if (!(flags & LC_GET_MAY_USE_UNCOMMITTED))
374 /* ... unless the caller is aware of the implications,
375 * probably preparing a cumulative transaction. */
380 /* else: lc_new_number == lc_number; a real hit. */
382 if (e->refcnt++ == 0)
384 list_move(&e->list, &lc->in_use); /* Not evictable... */
390 if (!(flags & LC_GET_MAY_CHANGE))
393 /* To avoid races with lc_try_lock(), first, mark us dirty
394 * (using test_and_set_bit, as it implies memory barriers), ... */
395 test_and_set_bit(__LC_DIRTY, &lc->flags);
397 /* ... only then check if it is locked anyways. If lc_unlock clears
398 * the dirty bit again, that's not a problem, we will come here again.
400 if (test_bit(__LC_LOCKED, &lc->flags)) {
405 /* In case there is nothing available and we can not kick out
406 * the LRU element, we have to wait ...
408 if (!lc_unused_element_available(lc)) {
409 set_bit(__LC_STARVING, &lc->flags);
413 /* It was not present in the active set. We are going to recycle an
414 * unused (or even "free") element, but we won't accumulate more than
415 * max_pending_changes changes. */
416 if (lc->pending_changes >= lc->max_pending_changes)
419 e = lc_prepare_for_change(lc, enr);
422 clear_bit(__LC_STARVING, &lc->flags);
423 BUG_ON(++e->refcnt != 1);
425 lc->pending_changes++;
431 * lc_get - get element by label, maybe change the active set
432 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
433 * @enr: the label to look up
435 * Finds an element in the cache, increases its usage count,
436 * "touches" and returns it.
438 * In case the requested number is not present, it needs to be added to the
439 * cache. Therefore it is possible that an other element becomes evicted from
440 * the cache. In either case, the user is notified so he is able to e.g. keep
441 * a persistent log of the cache changes, and therefore the objects in use.
445 * The cache was marked %LC_STARVING,
446 * or the requested label was not in the active set
447 * and a changing transaction is still pending (@lc was marked %LC_DIRTY).
448 * Or no unused or free element could be recycled (@lc will be marked as
449 * %LC_STARVING, blocking further lc_get() operations).
451 * pointer to the element with the REQUESTED element number.
452 * In this case, it can be used right away
454 * pointer to an UNUSED element with some different element number,
455 * where that different number may also be %LC_FREE.
457 * In this case, the cache is marked %LC_DIRTY,
458 * so lc_try_lock() will no longer succeed.
459 * The returned element pointer is moved to the "to_be_changed" list,
460 * and registered with the new element number on the hash collision chains,
461 * so it is possible to pick it up from lc_is_used().
462 * Up to "max_pending_changes" (see lc_create()) can be accumulated.
463 * The user now should do whatever housekeeping is necessary,
464 * typically serialize on lc_try_lock_for_transaction(), then call
465 * lc_committed(lc) and lc_unlock(), to finish the change.
467 * NOTE: The user needs to check the lc_number on EACH use, so he recognizes
468 * any cache set change.
470 struct lc_element *lc_get(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr)
472 return __lc_get(lc, enr, LC_GET_MAY_CHANGE);
476 * lc_get_cumulative - like lc_get; also finds to-be-changed elements
477 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
478 * @enr: the label to look up
480 * Unlike lc_get this also returns the element for @enr, if it is belonging to
481 * a pending transaction, so the return values are like for lc_get(),
484 * pointer to an element already on the "to_be_changed" list.
485 * In this case, the cache was already marked %LC_DIRTY.
487 * Caller needs to make sure that the pending transaction is completed,
488 * before proceeding to actually use this element.
490 struct lc_element *lc_get_cumulative(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr)
492 return __lc_get(lc, enr, LC_GET_MAY_CHANGE|LC_GET_MAY_USE_UNCOMMITTED);
496 * lc_try_get - get element by label, if present; do not change the active set
497 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
498 * @enr: the label to look up
500 * Finds an element in the cache, increases its usage count,
501 * "touches" and returns it.
505 * The cache was marked %LC_STARVING,
506 * or the requested label was not in the active set
508 * pointer to the element with the REQUESTED element number.
509 * In this case, it can be used right away
511 struct lc_element *lc_try_get(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr)
513 return __lc_get(lc, enr, 0);
517 * lc_committed - tell @lc that pending changes have been recorded
518 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
520 * User is expected to serialize on explicit lc_try_lock_for_transaction()
521 * before the transaction is started, and later needs to lc_unlock() explicitly
524 void lc_committed(struct lru_cache *lc)
526 struct lc_element *e, *tmp;
529 list_for_each_entry_safe(e, tmp, &lc->to_be_changed, list) {
530 /* count number of changes, not number of transactions */
532 e->lc_number = e->lc_new_number;
533 list_move(&e->list, &lc->in_use);
535 lc->pending_changes = 0;
541 * lc_put - give up refcnt of @e
542 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
543 * @e: the element to put
545 * If refcnt reaches zero, the element is moved to the lru list,
546 * and a %LC_STARVING (if set) is cleared.
547 * Returns the new (post-decrement) refcnt.
549 unsigned int lc_put(struct lru_cache *lc, struct lc_element *e)
552 PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e);
553 BUG_ON(e->refcnt == 0);
554 BUG_ON(e->lc_number != e->lc_new_number);
555 if (--e->refcnt == 0) {
556 /* move it to the front of LRU. */
557 list_move(&e->list, &lc->lru);
559 clear_bit_unlock(__LC_STARVING, &lc->flags);
565 * lc_element_by_index
566 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
567 * @i: the index of the element to return
569 struct lc_element *lc_element_by_index(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned i)
571 BUG_ON(i >= lc->nr_elements);
572 BUG_ON(lc->lc_element[i] == NULL);
573 BUG_ON(lc->lc_element[i]->lc_index != i);
574 return lc->lc_element[i];
578 * lc_seq_dump_details - Dump a complete LRU cache to seq in textual form.
579 * @lc: the lru cache to operate on
580 * @seq: the &struct seq_file pointer to seq_printf into
581 * @utext: user supplied additional "heading" or other info
582 * @detail: function pointer the user may provide to dump further details
583 * of the object the lc_element is embedded in. May be NULL.
584 * Note: a leading space ' ' and trailing newline '\n' is implied.
586 void lc_seq_dump_details(struct seq_file *seq, struct lru_cache *lc, char *utext,
587 void (*detail) (struct seq_file *, struct lc_element *))
589 unsigned int nr_elements = lc->nr_elements;
590 struct lc_element *e;
593 seq_printf(seq, "\tnn: lc_number (new nr) refcnt %s\n ", utext);
594 for (i = 0; i < nr_elements; i++) {
595 e = lc_element_by_index(lc, i);
596 if (e->lc_number != e->lc_new_number)
597 seq_printf(seq, "\t%5d: %6d %8d %6d ",
598 i, e->lc_number, e->lc_new_number, e->refcnt);
600 seq_printf(seq, "\t%5d: %6d %-8s %6d ",
601 i, e->lc_number, "-\"-", e->refcnt);
608 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_create);
609 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_reset);
610 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_destroy);
611 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_del);
612 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_try_get);
613 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_find);
614 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_get);
615 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_put);
616 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_committed);
617 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_element_by_index);
618 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_seq_printf_stats);
619 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_seq_dump_details);
620 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_try_lock);
621 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_is_used);
622 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_get_cumulative);