1 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
2 #include <linux/export.h>
4 #include <linux/slab.h>
5 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
7 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct ida_bitmap *, ida_bitmap);
8 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(simple_ida_lock);
10 int idr_alloc_cmn(struct idr *idr, void *ptr, unsigned long *index,
11 unsigned long start, unsigned long end, gfp_t gfp,
14 struct radix_tree_iter iter;
17 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(radix_tree_is_internal_node(ptr)))
20 radix_tree_iter_init(&iter, start);
22 slot = idr_get_free_ext(&idr->idr_rt, &iter, gfp, end);
24 slot = idr_get_free(&idr->idr_rt, &iter, gfp, end);
28 radix_tree_iter_replace(&idr->idr_rt, &iter, slot, ptr);
29 radix_tree_iter_tag_clear(&idr->idr_rt, &iter, IDR_FREE);
35 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(idr_alloc_cmn);
38 * idr_alloc_cyclic - allocate new idr entry in a cyclical fashion
40 * @ptr: pointer to be associated with the new id
41 * @start: the minimum id (inclusive)
42 * @end: the maximum id (exclusive)
43 * @gfp: memory allocation flags
45 * Allocates an ID larger than the last ID allocated if one is available.
46 * If not, it will attempt to allocate the smallest ID that is larger or
49 int idr_alloc_cyclic(struct idr *idr, void *ptr, int start, int end, gfp_t gfp)
51 int id, curr = idr->idr_next;
56 id = idr_alloc(idr, ptr, curr, end, gfp);
57 if ((id == -ENOSPC) && (curr > start))
58 id = idr_alloc(idr, ptr, start, curr, gfp);
61 idr->idr_next = id + 1U;
65 EXPORT_SYMBOL(idr_alloc_cyclic);
68 * idr_for_each - iterate through all stored pointers
70 * @fn: function to be called for each pointer
71 * @data: data passed to callback function
73 * The callback function will be called for each entry in @idr, passing
74 * the id, the pointer and the data pointer passed to this function.
76 * If @fn returns anything other than %0, the iteration stops and that
77 * value is returned from this function.
79 * idr_for_each() can be called concurrently with idr_alloc() and
80 * idr_remove() if protected by RCU. Newly added entries may not be
81 * seen and deleted entries may be seen, but adding and removing entries
82 * will not cause other entries to be skipped, nor spurious ones to be seen.
84 int idr_for_each(const struct idr *idr,
85 int (*fn)(int id, void *p, void *data), void *data)
87 struct radix_tree_iter iter;
90 radix_tree_for_each_slot(slot, &idr->idr_rt, &iter, 0) {
91 int ret = fn(iter.index, rcu_dereference_raw(*slot), data);
98 EXPORT_SYMBOL(idr_for_each);
101 * idr_get_next - Find next populated entry
103 * @nextid: Pointer to lowest possible ID to return
105 * Returns the next populated entry in the tree with an ID greater than
106 * or equal to the value pointed to by @nextid. On exit, @nextid is updated
107 * to the ID of the found value. To use in a loop, the value pointed to by
108 * nextid must be incremented by the user.
110 void *idr_get_next(struct idr *idr, int *nextid)
112 struct radix_tree_iter iter;
115 slot = radix_tree_iter_find(&idr->idr_rt, &iter, *nextid);
119 *nextid = iter.index;
120 return rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
122 EXPORT_SYMBOL(idr_get_next);
124 void *idr_get_next_ext(struct idr *idr, unsigned long *nextid)
126 struct radix_tree_iter iter;
129 slot = radix_tree_iter_find(&idr->idr_rt, &iter, *nextid);
133 *nextid = iter.index;
134 return rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
136 EXPORT_SYMBOL(idr_get_next_ext);
139 * idr_replace - replace pointer for given id
141 * @ptr: New pointer to associate with the ID
144 * Replace the pointer registered with an ID and return the old value.
145 * This function can be called under the RCU read lock concurrently with
146 * idr_alloc() and idr_remove() (as long as the ID being removed is not
147 * the one being replaced!).
149 * Returns: the old value on success. %-ENOENT indicates that @id was not
150 * found. %-EINVAL indicates that @id or @ptr were not valid.
152 void *idr_replace(struct idr *idr, void *ptr, int id)
155 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
157 return idr_replace_ext(idr, ptr, id);
159 EXPORT_SYMBOL(idr_replace);
161 void *idr_replace_ext(struct idr *idr, void *ptr, unsigned long id)
163 struct radix_tree_node *node;
164 void __rcu **slot = NULL;
167 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(radix_tree_is_internal_node(ptr)))
168 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
170 entry = __radix_tree_lookup(&idr->idr_rt, id, &node, &slot);
171 if (!slot || radix_tree_tag_get(&idr->idr_rt, id, IDR_FREE))
172 return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
174 __radix_tree_replace(&idr->idr_rt, node, slot, ptr, NULL);
178 EXPORT_SYMBOL(idr_replace_ext);
181 * DOC: IDA description
183 * The IDA is an ID allocator which does not provide the ability to
184 * associate an ID with a pointer. As such, it only needs to store one
185 * bit per ID, and so is more space efficient than an IDR. To use an IDA,
186 * define it using DEFINE_IDA() (or embed a &struct ida in a data structure,
187 * then initialise it using ida_init()). To allocate a new ID, call
188 * ida_simple_get(). To free an ID, call ida_simple_remove().
190 * If you have more complex locking requirements, use a loop around
191 * ida_pre_get() and ida_get_new() to allocate a new ID. Then use
192 * ida_remove() to free an ID. You must make sure that ida_get_new() and
193 * ida_remove() cannot be called at the same time as each other for the
196 * You can also use ida_get_new_above() if you need an ID to be allocated
197 * above a particular number. ida_destroy() can be used to dispose of an
198 * IDA without needing to free the individual IDs in it. You can use
199 * ida_is_empty() to find out whether the IDA has any IDs currently allocated.
201 * IDs are currently limited to the range [0-INT_MAX]. If this is an awkward
202 * limitation, it should be quite straightforward to raise the maximum.
208 * The IDA uses the functionality provided by the IDR & radix tree to store
209 * bitmaps in each entry. The IDR_FREE tag means there is at least one bit
210 * free, unlike the IDR where it means at least one entry is free.
212 * I considered telling the radix tree that each slot is an order-10 node
213 * and storing the bit numbers in the radix tree, but the radix tree can't
214 * allow a single multiorder entry at index 0, which would significantly
215 * increase memory consumption for the IDA. So instead we divide the index
216 * by the number of bits in the leaf bitmap before doing a radix tree lookup.
218 * As an optimisation, if there are only a few low bits set in any given
219 * leaf, instead of allocating a 128-byte bitmap, we use the 'exceptional
220 * entry' functionality of the radix tree to store BITS_PER_LONG - 2 bits
221 * directly in the entry. By being really tricksy, we could store
222 * BITS_PER_LONG - 1 bits, but there're diminishing returns after optimising
223 * for 0-3 allocated IDs.
225 * We allow the radix tree 'exceptional' count to get out of date. Nothing
226 * in the IDA nor the radix tree code checks it. If it becomes important
227 * to maintain an accurate exceptional count, switch the rcu_assign_pointer()
228 * calls to radix_tree_iter_replace() which will correct the exceptional
231 * The IDA always requires a lock to alloc/free. If we add a 'test_bit'
232 * equivalent, it will still need locking. Going to RCU lookup would require
233 * using RCU to free bitmaps, and that's not trivial without embedding an
234 * RCU head in the bitmap, which adds a 2-pointer overhead to each 128-byte
235 * bitmap, which is excessive.
238 #define IDA_MAX (0x80000000U / IDA_BITMAP_BITS)
241 * ida_get_new_above - allocate new ID above or equal to a start id
243 * @start: id to start search at
244 * @id: pointer to the allocated handle
246 * Allocate new ID above or equal to @start. It should be called
247 * with any required locks to ensure that concurrent calls to
248 * ida_get_new_above() / ida_get_new() / ida_remove() are not allowed.
249 * Consider using ida_simple_get() if you do not have complex locking
252 * If memory is required, it will return %-EAGAIN, you should unlock
253 * and go back to the ida_pre_get() call. If the ida is full, it will
254 * return %-ENOSPC. On success, it will return 0.
256 * @id returns a value in the range @start ... %0x7fffffff.
258 int ida_get_new_above(struct ida *ida, int start, int *id)
260 struct radix_tree_root *root = &ida->ida_rt;
262 struct radix_tree_iter iter;
263 struct ida_bitmap *bitmap;
268 index = start / IDA_BITMAP_BITS;
269 bit = start % IDA_BITMAP_BITS;
270 ebit = bit + RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_SHIFT;
272 slot = radix_tree_iter_init(&iter, index);
275 slot = radix_tree_next_slot(slot, &iter,
276 RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED);
278 slot = idr_get_free(root, &iter, GFP_NOWAIT, IDA_MAX);
280 if (slot == ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM))
282 return PTR_ERR(slot);
285 if (iter.index > index) {
287 ebit = RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_SHIFT;
289 new = iter.index * IDA_BITMAP_BITS;
290 bitmap = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
291 if (radix_tree_exception(bitmap)) {
292 unsigned long tmp = (unsigned long)bitmap;
293 ebit = find_next_zero_bit(&tmp, BITS_PER_LONG, ebit);
294 if (ebit < BITS_PER_LONG) {
296 rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, (void *)tmp);
297 *id = new + ebit - RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_SHIFT;
300 bitmap = this_cpu_xchg(ida_bitmap, NULL);
303 memset(bitmap, 0, sizeof(*bitmap));
304 bitmap->bitmap[0] = tmp >> RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_SHIFT;
305 rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, bitmap);
309 bit = find_next_zero_bit(bitmap->bitmap,
310 IDA_BITMAP_BITS, bit);
314 if (bit == IDA_BITMAP_BITS)
317 __set_bit(bit, bitmap->bitmap);
318 if (bitmap_full(bitmap->bitmap, IDA_BITMAP_BITS))
319 radix_tree_iter_tag_clear(root, &iter,
325 if (ebit < BITS_PER_LONG) {
326 bitmap = (void *)((1UL << ebit) |
327 RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_ENTRY);
328 radix_tree_iter_replace(root, &iter, slot,
333 bitmap = this_cpu_xchg(ida_bitmap, NULL);
336 memset(bitmap, 0, sizeof(*bitmap));
337 __set_bit(bit, bitmap->bitmap);
338 radix_tree_iter_replace(root, &iter, slot, bitmap);
345 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ida_get_new_above);
348 * ida_remove - Free the given ID
352 * This function should not be called at the same time as ida_get_new_above().
354 void ida_remove(struct ida *ida, int id)
356 unsigned long index = id / IDA_BITMAP_BITS;
357 unsigned offset = id % IDA_BITMAP_BITS;
358 struct ida_bitmap *bitmap;
360 struct radix_tree_iter iter;
363 slot = radix_tree_iter_lookup(&ida->ida_rt, &iter, index);
367 bitmap = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
368 if (radix_tree_exception(bitmap)) {
369 btmp = (unsigned long *)slot;
370 offset += RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_SHIFT;
371 if (offset >= BITS_PER_LONG)
374 btmp = bitmap->bitmap;
376 if (!test_bit(offset, btmp))
379 __clear_bit(offset, btmp);
380 radix_tree_iter_tag_set(&ida->ida_rt, &iter, IDR_FREE);
381 if (radix_tree_exception(bitmap)) {
382 if (rcu_dereference_raw(*slot) ==
383 (void *)RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_ENTRY)
384 radix_tree_iter_delete(&ida->ida_rt, &iter, slot);
385 } else if (bitmap_empty(btmp, IDA_BITMAP_BITS)) {
387 radix_tree_iter_delete(&ida->ida_rt, &iter, slot);
391 WARN(1, "ida_remove called for id=%d which is not allocated.\n", id);
393 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ida_remove);
396 * ida_destroy - Free the contents of an ida
399 * Calling this function releases all resources associated with an IDA. When
400 * this call returns, the IDA is empty and can be reused or freed. The caller
401 * should not allow ida_remove() or ida_get_new_above() to be called at the
404 void ida_destroy(struct ida *ida)
406 struct radix_tree_iter iter;
409 radix_tree_for_each_slot(slot, &ida->ida_rt, &iter, 0) {
410 struct ida_bitmap *bitmap = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
411 if (!radix_tree_exception(bitmap))
413 radix_tree_iter_delete(&ida->ida_rt, &iter, slot);
416 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ida_destroy);
419 * ida_simple_get - get a new id.
420 * @ida: the (initialized) ida.
421 * @start: the minimum id (inclusive, < 0x8000000)
422 * @end: the maximum id (exclusive, < 0x8000000 or 0)
423 * @gfp_mask: memory allocation flags
425 * Allocates an id in the range start <= id < end, or returns -ENOSPC.
426 * On memory allocation failure, returns -ENOMEM.
428 * Compared to ida_get_new_above() this function does its own locking, and
429 * should be used unless there are special requirements.
431 * Use ida_simple_remove() to get rid of an id.
433 int ida_simple_get(struct ida *ida, unsigned int start, unsigned int end,
440 BUG_ON((int)start < 0);
441 BUG_ON((int)end < 0);
451 if (!ida_pre_get(ida, gfp_mask))
454 spin_lock_irqsave(&simple_ida_lock, flags);
455 ret = ida_get_new_above(ida, start, &id);
464 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&simple_ida_lock, flags);
466 if (unlikely(ret == -EAGAIN))
471 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ida_simple_get);
474 * ida_simple_remove - remove an allocated id.
475 * @ida: the (initialized) ida.
476 * @id: the id returned by ida_simple_get.
478 * Use to release an id allocated with ida_simple_get().
480 * Compared to ida_remove() this function does its own locking, and should be
481 * used unless there are special requirements.
483 void ida_simple_remove(struct ida *ida, unsigned int id)
488 spin_lock_irqsave(&simple_ida_lock, flags);
490 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&simple_ida_lock, flags);
492 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ida_simple_remove);