1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
6 #include <linux/types.h>
7 #include <linux/ctype.h>
8 #include <linux/errno.h>
9 #include <linux/kernel.h>
10 #include <linux/export.h>
11 #include <asm/unaligned.h>
13 const char hex_asc[] = "0123456789abcdef";
14 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_asc);
15 const char hex_asc_upper[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
16 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_asc_upper);
19 * hex_to_bin - convert a hex digit to its real value
20 * @ch: ascii character represents hex digit
22 * hex_to_bin() converts one hex digit to its actual value or -1 in case of bad
25 int hex_to_bin(char ch)
27 if ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9'))
30 if ((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'f'))
34 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_to_bin);
37 * hex2bin - convert an ascii hexadecimal string to its binary representation
39 * @src: ascii hexadecimal string
40 * @count: result length
42 * Return 0 on success, -EINVAL in case of bad input.
44 int hex2bin(u8 *dst, const char *src, size_t count)
47 int hi = hex_to_bin(*src++);
48 int lo = hex_to_bin(*src++);
50 if ((hi < 0) || (lo < 0))
53 *dst++ = (hi << 4) | lo;
57 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex2bin);
60 * bin2hex - convert binary data to an ascii hexadecimal string
61 * @dst: ascii hexadecimal result
63 * @count: binary data length
65 char *bin2hex(char *dst, const void *src, size_t count)
67 const unsigned char *_src = src;
70 dst = hex_byte_pack(dst, *_src++);
73 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bin2hex);
76 * hex_dump_to_buffer - convert a blob of data to "hex ASCII" in memory
77 * @buf: data blob to dump
78 * @len: number of bytes in the @buf
79 * @rowsize: number of bytes to print per line; must be 16 or 32
80 * @groupsize: number of bytes to print at a time (1, 2, 4, 8; default = 1)
81 * @linebuf: where to put the converted data
82 * @linebuflen: total size of @linebuf, including space for terminating NUL
83 * @ascii: include ASCII after the hex output
85 * hex_dump_to_buffer() works on one "line" of output at a time, i.e.,
86 * 16 or 32 bytes of input data converted to hex + ASCII output.
88 * Given a buffer of u8 data, hex_dump_to_buffer() converts the input data
89 * to a hex + ASCII dump at the supplied memory location.
90 * The converted output is always NUL-terminated.
93 * hex_dump_to_buffer(frame->data, frame->len, 16, 1,
94 * linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), true);
96 * example output buffer:
97 * 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
100 * The amount of bytes placed in the buffer without terminating NUL. If the
101 * output was truncated, then the return value is the number of bytes
102 * (excluding the terminating NUL) which would have been written to the final
103 * string if enough space had been available.
105 int hex_dump_to_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len, int rowsize, int groupsize,
106 char *linebuf, size_t linebuflen, bool ascii)
115 if (rowsize != 16 && rowsize != 32)
118 if (len > rowsize) /* limit to one line at a time */
120 if (!is_power_of_2(groupsize) || groupsize > 8)
122 if ((len % groupsize) != 0) /* no mixed size output */
125 ngroups = len / groupsize;
126 ascii_column = rowsize * 2 + rowsize / groupsize + 1;
134 if (groupsize == 8) {
135 const u64 *ptr8 = buf;
137 for (j = 0; j < ngroups; j++) {
138 ret = snprintf(linebuf + lx, linebuflen - lx,
139 "%s%16.16llx", j ? " " : "",
140 get_unaligned(ptr8 + j));
141 if (ret >= linebuflen - lx)
145 } else if (groupsize == 4) {
146 const u32 *ptr4 = buf;
148 for (j = 0; j < ngroups; j++) {
149 ret = snprintf(linebuf + lx, linebuflen - lx,
150 "%s%8.8x", j ? " " : "",
151 get_unaligned(ptr4 + j));
152 if (ret >= linebuflen - lx)
156 } else if (groupsize == 2) {
157 const u16 *ptr2 = buf;
159 for (j = 0; j < ngroups; j++) {
160 ret = snprintf(linebuf + lx, linebuflen - lx,
161 "%s%4.4x", j ? " " : "",
162 get_unaligned(ptr2 + j));
163 if (ret >= linebuflen - lx)
168 for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
169 if (linebuflen < lx + 2)
172 linebuf[lx++] = hex_asc_hi(ch);
173 if (linebuflen < lx + 2)
175 linebuf[lx++] = hex_asc_lo(ch);
176 if (linebuflen < lx + 2)
186 while (lx < ascii_column) {
187 if (linebuflen < lx + 2)
191 for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
192 if (linebuflen < lx + 2)
195 linebuf[lx++] = (isascii(ch) && isprint(ch)) ? ch : '.';
201 linebuf[lx++] = '\0';
203 return ascii ? ascii_column + len : (groupsize * 2 + 1) * ngroups - 1;
205 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_dump_to_buffer);
209 * print_hex_dump - print a text hex dump to syslog for a binary blob of data
210 * @level: kernel log level (e.g. KERN_DEBUG)
211 * @prefix_str: string to prefix each line with;
212 * caller supplies trailing spaces for alignment if desired
213 * @prefix_type: controls whether prefix of an offset, address, or none
214 * is printed (%DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, %DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS, %DUMP_PREFIX_NONE)
215 * @rowsize: number of bytes to print per line; must be 16 or 32
216 * @groupsize: number of bytes to print at a time (1, 2, 4, 8; default = 1)
217 * @buf: data blob to dump
218 * @len: number of bytes in the @buf
219 * @ascii: include ASCII after the hex output
221 * Given a buffer of u8 data, print_hex_dump() prints a hex + ASCII dump
222 * to the kernel log at the specified kernel log level, with an optional
225 * print_hex_dump() works on one "line" of output at a time, i.e.,
226 * 16 or 32 bytes of input data converted to hex + ASCII output.
227 * print_hex_dump() iterates over the entire input @buf, breaking it into
228 * "line size" chunks to format and print.
231 * print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG, "raw data: ", DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS,
232 * 16, 1, frame->data, frame->len, true);
234 * Example output using %DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET and 1-byte mode:
235 * 0009ab42: 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
236 * Example output using %DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS and 4-byte mode:
237 * ffffffff88089af0: 73727170 77767574 7b7a7978 7f7e7d7c pqrstuvwxyz{|}~.
239 void print_hex_dump(const char *level, const char *prefix_str, int prefix_type,
240 int rowsize, int groupsize,
241 const void *buf, size_t len, bool ascii)
244 int i, linelen, remaining = len;
245 unsigned char linebuf[32 * 3 + 2 + 32 + 1];
247 if (rowsize != 16 && rowsize != 32)
250 for (i = 0; i < len; i += rowsize) {
251 linelen = min(remaining, rowsize);
252 remaining -= rowsize;
254 hex_dump_to_buffer(ptr + i, linelen, rowsize, groupsize,
255 linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), ascii);
257 switch (prefix_type) {
258 case DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS:
259 printk("%s%s%p: %s\n",
260 level, prefix_str, ptr + i, linebuf);
262 case DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET:
263 printk("%s%s%.8x: %s\n", level, prefix_str, i, linebuf);
266 printk("%s%s%s\n", level, prefix_str, linebuf);
271 EXPORT_SYMBOL(print_hex_dump);
273 #if !defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG)
275 * print_hex_dump_bytes - shorthand form of print_hex_dump() with default params
276 * @prefix_str: string to prefix each line with;
277 * caller supplies trailing spaces for alignment if desired
278 * @prefix_type: controls whether prefix of an offset, address, or none
279 * is printed (%DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, %DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS, %DUMP_PREFIX_NONE)
280 * @buf: data blob to dump
281 * @len: number of bytes in the @buf
283 * Calls print_hex_dump(), with log level of KERN_DEBUG,
284 * rowsize of 16, groupsize of 1, and ASCII output included.
286 void print_hex_dump_bytes(const char *prefix_str, int prefix_type,
287 const void *buf, size_t len)
289 print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG, prefix_str, prefix_type, 16, 1,
292 EXPORT_SYMBOL(print_hex_dump_bytes);
293 #endif /* !defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG) */
294 #endif /* defined(CONFIG_PRINTK) */