1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
6 #include <linux/types.h>
7 #include <linux/ctype.h>
8 #include <linux/errno.h>
9 #include <linux/kernel.h>
10 #include <linux/minmax.h>
11 #include <linux/export.h>
12 #include <asm/unaligned.h>
14 const char hex_asc[] = "0123456789abcdef";
15 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_asc);
16 const char hex_asc_upper[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
17 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_asc_upper);
20 * hex_to_bin - convert a hex digit to its real value
21 * @ch: ascii character represents hex digit
23 * hex_to_bin() converts one hex digit to its actual value or -1 in case of bad
26 int hex_to_bin(char ch)
28 if ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9'))
31 if ((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'f'))
35 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_to_bin);
38 * hex2bin - convert an ascii hexadecimal string to its binary representation
40 * @src: ascii hexadecimal string
41 * @count: result length
43 * Return 0 on success, -EINVAL in case of bad input.
45 int hex2bin(u8 *dst, const char *src, size_t count)
48 int hi = hex_to_bin(*src++);
49 int lo = hex_to_bin(*src++);
51 if ((hi < 0) || (lo < 0))
54 *dst++ = (hi << 4) | lo;
58 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex2bin);
61 * bin2hex - convert binary data to an ascii hexadecimal string
62 * @dst: ascii hexadecimal result
64 * @count: binary data length
66 char *bin2hex(char *dst, const void *src, size_t count)
68 const unsigned char *_src = src;
71 dst = hex_byte_pack(dst, *_src++);
74 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bin2hex);
77 * hex_dump_to_buffer - convert a blob of data to "hex ASCII" in memory
78 * @buf: data blob to dump
79 * @len: number of bytes in the @buf
80 * @rowsize: number of bytes to print per line; must be 16 or 32
81 * @groupsize: number of bytes to print at a time (1, 2, 4, 8; default = 1)
82 * @linebuf: where to put the converted data
83 * @linebuflen: total size of @linebuf, including space for terminating NUL
84 * @ascii: include ASCII after the hex output
86 * hex_dump_to_buffer() works on one "line" of output at a time, i.e.,
87 * 16 or 32 bytes of input data converted to hex + ASCII output.
89 * Given a buffer of u8 data, hex_dump_to_buffer() converts the input data
90 * to a hex + ASCII dump at the supplied memory location.
91 * The converted output is always NUL-terminated.
94 * hex_dump_to_buffer(frame->data, frame->len, 16, 1,
95 * linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), true);
97 * example output buffer:
98 * 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
101 * The amount of bytes placed in the buffer without terminating NUL. If the
102 * output was truncated, then the return value is the number of bytes
103 * (excluding the terminating NUL) which would have been written to the final
104 * string if enough space had been available.
106 int hex_dump_to_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len, int rowsize, int groupsize,
107 char *linebuf, size_t linebuflen, bool ascii)
116 if (rowsize != 16 && rowsize != 32)
119 if (len > rowsize) /* limit to one line at a time */
121 if (!is_power_of_2(groupsize) || groupsize > 8)
123 if ((len % groupsize) != 0) /* no mixed size output */
126 ngroups = len / groupsize;
127 ascii_column = rowsize * 2 + rowsize / groupsize + 1;
135 if (groupsize == 8) {
136 const u64 *ptr8 = buf;
138 for (j = 0; j < ngroups; j++) {
139 ret = snprintf(linebuf + lx, linebuflen - lx,
140 "%s%16.16llx", j ? " " : "",
141 get_unaligned(ptr8 + j));
142 if (ret >= linebuflen - lx)
146 } else if (groupsize == 4) {
147 const u32 *ptr4 = buf;
149 for (j = 0; j < ngroups; j++) {
150 ret = snprintf(linebuf + lx, linebuflen - lx,
151 "%s%8.8x", j ? " " : "",
152 get_unaligned(ptr4 + j));
153 if (ret >= linebuflen - lx)
157 } else if (groupsize == 2) {
158 const u16 *ptr2 = buf;
160 for (j = 0; j < ngroups; j++) {
161 ret = snprintf(linebuf + lx, linebuflen - lx,
162 "%s%4.4x", j ? " " : "",
163 get_unaligned(ptr2 + j));
164 if (ret >= linebuflen - lx)
169 for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
170 if (linebuflen < lx + 2)
173 linebuf[lx++] = hex_asc_hi(ch);
174 if (linebuflen < lx + 2)
176 linebuf[lx++] = hex_asc_lo(ch);
177 if (linebuflen < lx + 2)
187 while (lx < ascii_column) {
188 if (linebuflen < lx + 2)
192 for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
193 if (linebuflen < lx + 2)
196 linebuf[lx++] = (isascii(ch) && isprint(ch)) ? ch : '.';
202 linebuf[lx++] = '\0';
204 return ascii ? ascii_column + len : (groupsize * 2 + 1) * ngroups - 1;
206 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_dump_to_buffer);
210 * print_hex_dump - print a text hex dump to syslog for a binary blob of data
211 * @level: kernel log level (e.g. KERN_DEBUG)
212 * @prefix_str: string to prefix each line with;
213 * caller supplies trailing spaces for alignment if desired
214 * @prefix_type: controls whether prefix of an offset, address, or none
215 * is printed (%DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, %DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS, %DUMP_PREFIX_NONE)
216 * @rowsize: number of bytes to print per line; must be 16 or 32
217 * @groupsize: number of bytes to print at a time (1, 2, 4, 8; default = 1)
218 * @buf: data blob to dump
219 * @len: number of bytes in the @buf
220 * @ascii: include ASCII after the hex output
222 * Given a buffer of u8 data, print_hex_dump() prints a hex + ASCII dump
223 * to the kernel log at the specified kernel log level, with an optional
226 * print_hex_dump() works on one "line" of output at a time, i.e.,
227 * 16 or 32 bytes of input data converted to hex + ASCII output.
228 * print_hex_dump() iterates over the entire input @buf, breaking it into
229 * "line size" chunks to format and print.
232 * print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG, "raw data: ", DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS,
233 * 16, 1, frame->data, frame->len, true);
235 * Example output using %DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET and 1-byte mode:
236 * 0009ab42: 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
237 * Example output using %DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS and 4-byte mode:
238 * ffffffff88089af0: 73727170 77767574 7b7a7978 7f7e7d7c pqrstuvwxyz{|}~.
240 void print_hex_dump(const char *level, const char *prefix_str, int prefix_type,
241 int rowsize, int groupsize,
242 const void *buf, size_t len, bool ascii)
245 int i, linelen, remaining = len;
246 unsigned char linebuf[32 * 3 + 2 + 32 + 1];
248 if (rowsize != 16 && rowsize != 32)
251 for (i = 0; i < len; i += rowsize) {
252 linelen = min(remaining, rowsize);
253 remaining -= rowsize;
255 hex_dump_to_buffer(ptr + i, linelen, rowsize, groupsize,
256 linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), ascii);
258 switch (prefix_type) {
259 case DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS:
260 printk("%s%s%p: %s\n",
261 level, prefix_str, ptr + i, linebuf);
263 case DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET:
264 printk("%s%s%.8x: %s\n", level, prefix_str, i, linebuf);
267 printk("%s%s%s\n", level, prefix_str, linebuf);
272 EXPORT_SYMBOL(print_hex_dump);
274 #endif /* defined(CONFIG_PRINTK) */