2 * Basic general purpose allocator for managing special purpose
3 * memory, for example, memory that is not managed by the regular
4 * kmalloc/kfree interface. Uses for this includes on-device special
5 * memory, uncached memory etc.
7 * It is safe to use the allocator in NMI handlers and other special
8 * unblockable contexts that could otherwise deadlock on locks. This
9 * is implemented by using atomic operations and retries on any
10 * conflicts. The disadvantage is that there may be livelocks in
11 * extreme cases. For better scalability, one allocator can be used
14 * The lockless operation only works if there is enough memory
15 * available. If new memory is added to the pool a lock has to be
16 * still taken. So any user relying on locklessness has to ensure
17 * that sufficient memory is preallocated.
19 * The basic atomic operation of this allocator is cmpxchg on long.
20 * On architectures that don't have NMI-safe cmpxchg implementation,
21 * the allocator can NOT be used in NMI handler. So code uses the
22 * allocator in NMI handler should depend on
23 * CONFIG_ARCH_HAVE_NMI_SAFE_CMPXCHG.
25 * Copyright 2005 (C) Jes Sorensen <jes@trained-monkey.org>
27 * This source code is licensed under the GNU General Public License,
28 * Version 2. See the file COPYING for more details.
31 #include <linux/slab.h>
32 #include <linux/export.h>
33 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
34 #include <linux/rculist.h>
35 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
36 #include <linux/genalloc.h>
38 static int set_bits_ll(unsigned long *addr, unsigned long mask_to_set)
40 unsigned long val, nval;
45 if (val & mask_to_set)
48 } while ((nval = cmpxchg(addr, val, val | mask_to_set)) != val);
53 static int clear_bits_ll(unsigned long *addr, unsigned long mask_to_clear)
55 unsigned long val, nval;
60 if ((val & mask_to_clear) != mask_to_clear)
63 } while ((nval = cmpxchg(addr, val, val & ~mask_to_clear)) != val);
69 * bitmap_set_ll - set the specified number of bits at the specified position
70 * @map: pointer to a bitmap
71 * @start: a bit position in @map
72 * @nr: number of bits to set
74 * Set @nr bits start from @start in @map lock-lessly. Several users
75 * can set/clear the same bitmap simultaneously without lock. If two
76 * users set the same bit, one user will return remain bits, otherwise
79 static int bitmap_set_ll(unsigned long *map, int start, int nr)
81 unsigned long *p = map + BIT_WORD(start);
82 const int size = start + nr;
83 int bits_to_set = BITS_PER_LONG - (start % BITS_PER_LONG);
84 unsigned long mask_to_set = BITMAP_FIRST_WORD_MASK(start);
86 while (nr - bits_to_set >= 0) {
87 if (set_bits_ll(p, mask_to_set))
90 bits_to_set = BITS_PER_LONG;
95 mask_to_set &= BITMAP_LAST_WORD_MASK(size);
96 if (set_bits_ll(p, mask_to_set))
104 * bitmap_clear_ll - clear the specified number of bits at the specified position
105 * @map: pointer to a bitmap
106 * @start: a bit position in @map
107 * @nr: number of bits to set
109 * Clear @nr bits start from @start in @map lock-lessly. Several users
110 * can set/clear the same bitmap simultaneously without lock. If two
111 * users clear the same bit, one user will return remain bits,
112 * otherwise return 0.
114 static int bitmap_clear_ll(unsigned long *map, int start, int nr)
116 unsigned long *p = map + BIT_WORD(start);
117 const int size = start + nr;
118 int bits_to_clear = BITS_PER_LONG - (start % BITS_PER_LONG);
119 unsigned long mask_to_clear = BITMAP_FIRST_WORD_MASK(start);
121 while (nr - bits_to_clear >= 0) {
122 if (clear_bits_ll(p, mask_to_clear))
125 bits_to_clear = BITS_PER_LONG;
126 mask_to_clear = ~0UL;
130 mask_to_clear &= BITMAP_LAST_WORD_MASK(size);
131 if (clear_bits_ll(p, mask_to_clear))
139 * gen_pool_create - create a new special memory pool
140 * @min_alloc_order: log base 2 of number of bytes each bitmap bit represents
141 * @nid: node id of the node the pool structure should be allocated on, or -1
143 * Create a new special memory pool that can be used to manage special purpose
144 * memory not managed by the regular kmalloc/kfree interface.
146 struct gen_pool *gen_pool_create(int min_alloc_order, int nid)
148 struct gen_pool *pool;
150 pool = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct gen_pool), GFP_KERNEL, nid);
152 spin_lock_init(&pool->lock);
153 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool->chunks);
154 pool->min_alloc_order = min_alloc_order;
155 pool->algo = gen_pool_first_fit;
160 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gen_pool_create);
163 * gen_pool_add_virt - add a new chunk of special memory to the pool
164 * @pool: pool to add new memory chunk to
165 * @virt: virtual starting address of memory chunk to add to pool
166 * @phys: physical starting address of memory chunk to add to pool
167 * @size: size in bytes of the memory chunk to add to pool
168 * @nid: node id of the node the chunk structure and bitmap should be
169 * allocated on, or -1
171 * Add a new chunk of special memory to the specified pool.
173 * Returns 0 on success or a -ve errno on failure.
175 int gen_pool_add_virt(struct gen_pool *pool, unsigned long virt, phys_addr_t phys,
176 size_t size, int nid)
178 struct gen_pool_chunk *chunk;
179 int nbits = size >> pool->min_alloc_order;
180 int nbytes = sizeof(struct gen_pool_chunk) +
181 BITS_TO_LONGS(nbits) * sizeof(long);
183 chunk = kmalloc_node(nbytes, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO, nid);
184 if (unlikely(chunk == NULL))
187 chunk->phys_addr = phys;
188 chunk->start_addr = virt;
189 chunk->end_addr = virt + size;
190 atomic_set(&chunk->avail, size);
192 spin_lock(&pool->lock);
193 list_add_rcu(&chunk->next_chunk, &pool->chunks);
194 spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
198 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gen_pool_add_virt);
201 * gen_pool_virt_to_phys - return the physical address of memory
202 * @pool: pool to allocate from
203 * @addr: starting address of memory
205 * Returns the physical address on success, or -1 on error.
207 phys_addr_t gen_pool_virt_to_phys(struct gen_pool *pool, unsigned long addr)
209 struct gen_pool_chunk *chunk;
210 phys_addr_t paddr = -1;
213 list_for_each_entry_rcu(chunk, &pool->chunks, next_chunk) {
214 if (addr >= chunk->start_addr && addr < chunk->end_addr) {
215 paddr = chunk->phys_addr + (addr - chunk->start_addr);
223 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gen_pool_virt_to_phys);
226 * gen_pool_destroy - destroy a special memory pool
227 * @pool: pool to destroy
229 * Destroy the specified special memory pool. Verifies that there are no
230 * outstanding allocations.
232 void gen_pool_destroy(struct gen_pool *pool)
234 struct list_head *_chunk, *_next_chunk;
235 struct gen_pool_chunk *chunk;
236 int order = pool->min_alloc_order;
239 list_for_each_safe(_chunk, _next_chunk, &pool->chunks) {
240 chunk = list_entry(_chunk, struct gen_pool_chunk, next_chunk);
241 list_del(&chunk->next_chunk);
243 end_bit = (chunk->end_addr - chunk->start_addr) >> order;
244 bit = find_next_bit(chunk->bits, end_bit, 0);
245 BUG_ON(bit < end_bit);
252 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gen_pool_destroy);
255 * gen_pool_alloc - allocate special memory from the pool
256 * @pool: pool to allocate from
257 * @size: number of bytes to allocate from the pool
259 * Allocate the requested number of bytes from the specified pool.
260 * Uses the pool allocation function (with first-fit algorithm by default).
261 * Can not be used in NMI handler on architectures without
262 * NMI-safe cmpxchg implementation.
264 unsigned long gen_pool_alloc(struct gen_pool *pool, size_t size)
266 struct gen_pool_chunk *chunk;
267 unsigned long addr = 0;
268 int order = pool->min_alloc_order;
269 int nbits, start_bit = 0, end_bit, remain;
271 #ifndef CONFIG_ARCH_HAVE_NMI_SAFE_CMPXCHG
278 nbits = (size + (1UL << order) - 1) >> order;
280 list_for_each_entry_rcu(chunk, &pool->chunks, next_chunk) {
281 if (size > atomic_read(&chunk->avail))
284 end_bit = (chunk->end_addr - chunk->start_addr) >> order;
286 start_bit = pool->algo(chunk->bits, end_bit, start_bit, nbits,
288 if (start_bit >= end_bit)
290 remain = bitmap_set_ll(chunk->bits, start_bit, nbits);
292 remain = bitmap_clear_ll(chunk->bits, start_bit,
298 addr = chunk->start_addr + ((unsigned long)start_bit << order);
299 size = nbits << order;
300 atomic_sub(size, &chunk->avail);
306 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gen_pool_alloc);
309 * gen_pool_free - free allocated special memory back to the pool
310 * @pool: pool to free to
311 * @addr: starting address of memory to free back to pool
312 * @size: size in bytes of memory to free
314 * Free previously allocated special memory back to the specified
315 * pool. Can not be used in NMI handler on architectures without
316 * NMI-safe cmpxchg implementation.
318 void gen_pool_free(struct gen_pool *pool, unsigned long addr, size_t size)
320 struct gen_pool_chunk *chunk;
321 int order = pool->min_alloc_order;
322 int start_bit, nbits, remain;
324 #ifndef CONFIG_ARCH_HAVE_NMI_SAFE_CMPXCHG
328 nbits = (size + (1UL << order) - 1) >> order;
330 list_for_each_entry_rcu(chunk, &pool->chunks, next_chunk) {
331 if (addr >= chunk->start_addr && addr < chunk->end_addr) {
332 BUG_ON(addr + size > chunk->end_addr);
333 start_bit = (addr - chunk->start_addr) >> order;
334 remain = bitmap_clear_ll(chunk->bits, start_bit, nbits);
336 size = nbits << order;
337 atomic_add(size, &chunk->avail);
345 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gen_pool_free);
348 * gen_pool_for_each_chunk - call func for every chunk of generic memory pool
349 * @pool: the generic memory pool
350 * @func: func to call
351 * @data: additional data used by @func
353 * Call @func for every chunk of generic memory pool. The @func is
354 * called with rcu_read_lock held.
356 void gen_pool_for_each_chunk(struct gen_pool *pool,
357 void (*func)(struct gen_pool *pool, struct gen_pool_chunk *chunk, void *data),
360 struct gen_pool_chunk *chunk;
363 list_for_each_entry_rcu(chunk, &(pool)->chunks, next_chunk)
364 func(pool, chunk, data);
367 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gen_pool_for_each_chunk);
370 * gen_pool_avail - get available free space of the pool
371 * @pool: pool to get available free space
373 * Return available free space of the specified pool.
375 size_t gen_pool_avail(struct gen_pool *pool)
377 struct gen_pool_chunk *chunk;
381 list_for_each_entry_rcu(chunk, &pool->chunks, next_chunk)
382 avail += atomic_read(&chunk->avail);
386 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gen_pool_avail);
389 * gen_pool_size - get size in bytes of memory managed by the pool
390 * @pool: pool to get size
392 * Return size in bytes of memory managed by the pool.
394 size_t gen_pool_size(struct gen_pool *pool)
396 struct gen_pool_chunk *chunk;
400 list_for_each_entry_rcu(chunk, &pool->chunks, next_chunk)
401 size += chunk->end_addr - chunk->start_addr;
405 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gen_pool_size);
408 * gen_pool_set_algo - set the allocation algorithm
409 * @pool: pool to change allocation algorithm
410 * @algo: custom algorithm function
411 * @data: additional data used by @algo
413 * Call @algo for each memory allocation in the pool.
414 * If @algo is NULL use gen_pool_first_fit as default
415 * memory allocation function.
417 void gen_pool_set_algo(struct gen_pool *pool, genpool_algo_t algo, void *data)
423 pool->algo = gen_pool_first_fit;
429 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gen_pool_set_algo);
432 * gen_pool_first_fit - find the first available region
433 * of memory matching the size requirement (no alignment constraint)
434 * @map: The address to base the search on
435 * @size: The bitmap size in bits
436 * @start: The bitnumber to start searching at
437 * @nr: The number of zeroed bits we're looking for
438 * @data: additional data - unused
440 unsigned long gen_pool_first_fit(unsigned long *map, unsigned long size,
441 unsigned long start, unsigned int nr, void *data)
443 return bitmap_find_next_zero_area(map, size, start, nr, 0);
445 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gen_pool_first_fit);
448 * gen_pool_best_fit - find the best fitting region of memory
449 * macthing the size requirement (no alignment constraint)
450 * @map: The address to base the search on
451 * @size: The bitmap size in bits
452 * @start: The bitnumber to start searching at
453 * @nr: The number of zeroed bits we're looking for
454 * @data: additional data - unused
456 * Iterate over the bitmap to find the smallest free region
457 * which we can allocate the memory.
459 unsigned long gen_pool_best_fit(unsigned long *map, unsigned long size,
460 unsigned long start, unsigned int nr, void *data)
462 unsigned long start_bit = size;
463 unsigned long len = size + 1;
466 index = bitmap_find_next_zero_area(map, size, start, nr, 0);
468 while (index < size) {
469 int next_bit = find_next_bit(map, size, index + nr);
470 if ((next_bit - index) < len) {
471 len = next_bit - index;
476 index = bitmap_find_next_zero_area(map, size,
477 next_bit + 1, nr, 0);
482 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gen_pool_best_fit);