1 /* gc.h --- Header file for implementation agnostic crypto wrapper API.
2 * Copyright (C) 2002-2005, 2007-2008, 2011-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 * This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
6 * by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your
7 * option) any later version.
9 * This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
10 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
12 * General Public License for more details.
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 * along with this file; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
33 GC_PKCS5_INVALID_ITERATION_COUNT,
34 GC_PKCS5_INVALID_DERIVED_KEY_LENGTH,
35 GC_PKCS5_DERIVED_KEY_TOO_LONG
37 typedef enum Gc_rc Gc_rc;
52 typedef enum Gc_hash Gc_hash;
58 typedef enum Gc_hash_mode Gc_hash_mode;
60 typedef void *gc_hash_handle;
62 #define GC_MD2_DIGEST_SIZE 16
63 #define GC_MD4_DIGEST_SIZE 16
64 #define GC_MD5_DIGEST_SIZE 16
65 #define GC_RMD160_DIGEST_SIZE 20
66 #define GC_SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE 20
67 #define GC_SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE 32
68 #define GC_SHA384_DIGEST_SIZE 48
69 #define GC_SHA512_DIGEST_SIZE 64
70 #define GC_SHA224_DIGEST_SIZE 24
86 typedef enum Gc_cipher Gc_cipher;
94 typedef enum Gc_cipher_mode Gc_cipher_mode;
96 typedef void *gc_cipher_handle;
98 /* Call before respectively after any other functions. */
99 extern Gc_rc gc_init (void);
100 extern void gc_done (void);
102 /* Memory allocation (avoid). */
103 typedef void *(*gc_malloc_t) (size_t n);
104 typedef int (*gc_secure_check_t) (const void *);
105 typedef void *(*gc_realloc_t) (void *p, size_t n);
106 typedef void (*gc_free_t) (void *);
107 extern void gc_set_allocators (gc_malloc_t func_malloc,
108 gc_malloc_t secure_malloc,
109 gc_secure_check_t secure_check,
110 gc_realloc_t func_realloc,
111 gc_free_t func_free);
114 extern Gc_rc gc_nonce (char *data, size_t datalen);
115 extern Gc_rc gc_pseudo_random (char *data, size_t datalen);
116 extern Gc_rc gc_random (char *data, size_t datalen);
119 extern Gc_rc gc_cipher_open (Gc_cipher cipher, Gc_cipher_mode mode,
120 gc_cipher_handle *outhandle);
121 extern Gc_rc gc_cipher_setkey (gc_cipher_handle handle,
122 size_t keylen, const char *key);
123 extern Gc_rc gc_cipher_setiv (gc_cipher_handle handle,
124 size_t ivlen, const char *iv);
125 extern Gc_rc gc_cipher_encrypt_inline (gc_cipher_handle handle,
126 size_t len, char *data);
127 extern Gc_rc gc_cipher_decrypt_inline (gc_cipher_handle handle,
128 size_t len, char *data);
129 extern Gc_rc gc_cipher_close (gc_cipher_handle handle);
133 extern Gc_rc gc_hash_open (Gc_hash hash, Gc_hash_mode mode,
134 gc_hash_handle *outhandle);
135 extern Gc_rc gc_hash_clone (gc_hash_handle handle, gc_hash_handle *outhandle);
136 extern size_t gc_hash_digest_length (Gc_hash hash);
137 extern void gc_hash_hmac_setkey (gc_hash_handle handle,
138 size_t len, const char *key);
139 extern void gc_hash_write (gc_hash_handle handle,
140 size_t len, const char *data);
141 extern const char *gc_hash_read (gc_hash_handle handle);
142 extern void gc_hash_close (gc_hash_handle handle);
144 /* Compute a hash value over buffer IN of INLEN bytes size using the
145 algorithm HASH, placing the result in the pre-allocated buffer OUT.
146 The required size of OUT depends on HASH, and is generally
147 GC_<HASH>_DIGEST_SIZE. For example, for GC_MD5 the output buffer
148 must be 16 bytes. The return value is 0 (GC_OK) on success, or
149 another Gc_rc error code. */
151 gc_hash_buffer (Gc_hash hash, const void *in, size_t inlen, char *out);
153 /* One-call interface. */
154 extern Gc_rc gc_md2 (const void *in, size_t inlen, void *resbuf);
155 extern Gc_rc gc_md4 (const void *in, size_t inlen, void *resbuf);
156 extern Gc_rc gc_md5 (const void *in, size_t inlen, void *resbuf);
157 extern Gc_rc gc_sha1 (const void *in, size_t inlen, void *resbuf);
158 extern Gc_rc gc_hmac_md5 (const void *key, size_t keylen,
159 const void *in, size_t inlen, char *resbuf);
160 extern Gc_rc gc_hmac_sha1 (const void *key, size_t keylen,
161 const void *in, size_t inlen, char *resbuf);
162 extern Gc_rc gc_hmac_sha256 (const void *key, size_t keylen,
163 const void *in, size_t inlen, char *resbuf);
164 extern Gc_rc gc_hmac_sha512 (const void *key, size_t keylen,
165 const void *in, size_t inlen, char *resbuf);
167 /* Derive cryptographic keys from a password P of length PLEN, with
168 salt S of length SLEN, placing the result in pre-allocated buffer
169 DK of length DKLEN. An iteration count is specified in C, where a
170 larger value means this function take more time (typical iteration
171 counts are 1000-20000). This function "stretches" the key to be
172 exactly dkLen bytes long. GC_OK is returned on success, otherwise
173 a Gc_rc error code is returned. */
175 gc_pbkdf2_sha1 (const char *P, size_t Plen,
176 const char *S, size_t Slen,
177 unsigned int c, char *DK, size_t dkLen);
182 From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
183 Subject: Re: generic crypto
184 Newsgroups: gmane.comp.lib.gnulib.bugs
185 Cc: bug-gnulib@gnu.org
186 Date: Fri, 07 Oct 2005 12:50:57 +0200
187 Mail-Copies-To: nobody
189 Paul Eggert <eggert@CS.UCLA.EDU> writes:
191 > Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com> writes:
193 >> * Perhaps the /dev/?random reading should be separated into a separate
194 >> module? It might be useful outside of the gc layer too.
196 > Absolutely. I've been meaning to do that for months (for a "shuffle"
197 > program I want to add to coreutils), but hadn't gotten around to it.
198 > It would have to be generalized a bit. I'd like to have the file
199 > descriptor cached, for example.
201 I'll write a separate module for that part.
203 I think we should even add a good PRNG that is re-seeded from
204 /dev/?random frequently. GnuTLS can need a lot of random data on a
205 big server, more than /dev/random can supply. And /dev/urandom might
206 not be strong enough. Further, the security of /dev/?random can also
209 >> I'm also not sure about the names of those functions, they suggest
210 >> a more higher-level API than what is really offered (i.e., the
211 >> names "nonce" and "pseudo_random" and "random" imply certain
212 >> cryptographic properties).
214 > Could you expand a bit more on that? What is the relationship between
215 > nonce/pseudorandom/random and the /dev/ values you are using?
217 There is none, that is the problem.
219 Applications generally need different kind of "random" numbers.
220 Sometimes they just need some random data and doesn't care whether it
221 is possible for an attacker to compute the string (aka a "nonce").
222 Sometimes they need data that is very difficult to compute (i.e.,
223 computing it require inverting SHA1 or similar). Sometimes they need
224 data that is not possible to compute, i.e., it wants real entropy
225 collected over time on the system. Collecting the last kind of random
226 data is very expensive, so it must not be used too often. The second
227 kind of random data ("pseudo random") is typically generated by
228 seeding a good PRNG with a couple of hundred bytes of real entropy
229 from the "real random" data pool. The "nonce" is usually computed
230 using the PRNG as well, because PRNGs are usually fast.
232 Pseudo-random data is typically used for session keys. Strong random
233 data is often used to generate long-term keys (e.g., private RSA
236 Of course, there are many subtleties. There are several different
237 kind of nonce:s. Sometimes a nonce is just an ever-increasing
238 integer, starting from 0. Sometimes it is assumed to be unlikely to
239 be the same as previous nonces, but without a requirement that the
240 nonce is possible to guess. MD5(system clock) would thus suffice, if
241 it isn't called too often. You can guess what the next value will be,
242 but it will always be different.
244 The problem is that /dev/?random doesn't offer any kind of semantic
245 guarantees. But applications need an API that make that promise.
247 I think we should do this in several steps:
249 1) Write a module that can read from /dev/?random.
251 2) Add a module for a known-good PRNG suitable for random number
252 generation, that can be continuously re-seeded.
254 3) Add a high-level module that provide various different randomness
255 functions. One for nonces, perhaps even different kind of nonces,
256 one for pseudo random data, and one for strong random data. It is
257 not clear whether we can hope to achieve the last one in a portable
260 Further, it would be useful to allow users to provide their own
261 entropy source as a file, used to seed the PRNG or initialize the
262 strong randomness pool. This is used on embedded platforms that
263 doesn't have enough interrupts to hope to generate good random data.
265 > For example, why not use OpenBSD's /dev/arandom?
267 I don't trust ARC4. For example, recent cryptographic efforts
268 indicate that you must throw away the first 512 bytes generated from
269 the PRNG for it to be secure. I don't know whether OpenBSD do this.
270 Further, I recall some eprint paper on RC4 security that didn't
273 While I trust the random devices in OpenBSD more than
274 Solaris/AIX/HPUX/etc, I think that since we need something better on
275 Solaris/AIX/HPUX we'd might as well use it on OpenBSD or even Linux
278 > Here is one thought. The user could specify a desired quality level
279 > range, and the implementation then would supply random data that is at
280 > least as good as the lower bound of the range. I.e., ihe
281 > implementation refuses to produce any random data if it can't generate
282 > data that is at least as good as the lower end of the range. The
283 > upper bound of the range is advice from the user not to be any more
284 > expensive than that, but the implementation can ignore the advice if
285 > it doesn't have anything cheaper.
287 I'm not sure this is a good idea. Users can't really be expected to
288 understand this. Further, applications need many different kind of
289 random data. Selecting the randomness level for each by the user will
292 I think it is better if the application decide, from its cryptographic
293 requirement, what entropy quality it require, and call the proper API.
294 Meeting the implied semantic properties should be the job for gnulib.
296 >> Perhaps gc_dev_random and gc_dev_urandom?
298 > To some extent. I'd rather insulate the user from the details of
299 > where the random numbers come from. On the other hand we need to
300 > provide a way for applications to specify a file that contains
301 > random bits, so that people can override the defaults.
305 This may require some thinking before it is finalized. Is it ok to
306 install the GC module as-is meanwhile? Then I can continue to add the
307 stuff that GnuTLS need, and then come back to re-working the
308 randomness module. That way, we have two different projects that use
309 the code. GnuTLS includes the same randomness code that was in GNU
310 SASL and that is in the current gc module. I feel much more
311 comfortable working in small steps at a time, rather then working on
312 this for a long time in gnulib and only later integrate the stuff in