1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Simple encoder primitives for ASN.1 BER/DER/CER
5 * Copyright (C) 2019 James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com
8 #include <linux/asn1_encoder.h>
10 #include <linux/string.h>
11 #include <linux/module.h>
14 * asn1_encode_integer() - encode positive integer to ASN.1
15 * @data: pointer to the pointer to the data
16 * @end_data: end of data pointer, points one beyond last usable byte in @data
17 * @integer: integer to be encoded
19 * This is a simplified encoder: it only currently does
20 * positive integers, but it should be simple enough to add the
21 * negative case if a use comes along.
24 asn1_encode_integer(unsigned char *data, const unsigned char *end_data,
27 int data_len = end_data - data;
28 unsigned char *d = &data[2];
33 "BUG: integer encode only supports positive integers"))
34 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
39 /* need at least 3 bytes for tag, length and integer encoding */
41 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
43 /* remaining length where at d (the start of the integer encoding) */
46 data[0] = _tag(UNIV, PRIM, INT);
52 for (i = sizeof(integer); i > 0 ; i--) {
53 int byte = integer >> (8 * (i - 1));
55 if (!found && byte == 0)
59 * for a positive number the first byte must have bit
60 * 7 clear in two's complement (otherwise it's a
61 * negative number) so prepend a leading zero if
64 if (!found && (byte & 0x80)) {
66 * no check needed here, we already know we
75 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
82 data[1] = d - data - 2;
86 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(asn1_encode_integer);
88 /* calculate the base 128 digit values setting the top bit of the first octet */
89 static int asn1_encode_oid_digit(unsigned char **_data, int *data_len, u32 oid)
91 unsigned char *data = *_data;
92 int start = 7 + 7 + 7 + 7;
105 while (oid >> start == 0)
108 while (start > 0 && *data_len > 0) {
112 oid = oid - (byte << start);
132 * asn1_encode_oid() - encode an oid to ASN.1
133 * @data: position to begin encoding at
134 * @end_data: end of data pointer, points one beyond last usable byte in @data
135 * @oid: array of oids
136 * @oid_len: length of oid array
138 * this encodes an OID up to ASN.1 when presented as an array of OID values
141 asn1_encode_oid(unsigned char *data, const unsigned char *end_data,
142 u32 oid[], int oid_len)
144 int data_len = end_data - data;
145 unsigned char *d = data + 2;
148 if (WARN(oid_len < 2, "OID must have at least two elements"))
149 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
151 if (WARN(oid_len > 32, "OID is too large"))
152 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
158 /* need at least 3 bytes for tag, length and OID encoding */
160 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
162 data[0] = _tag(UNIV, PRIM, OID);
163 *d++ = oid[0] * 40 + oid[1];
169 for (i = 2; i < oid_len; i++) {
170 ret = asn1_encode_oid_digit(&d, &data_len, oid[i]);
175 data[1] = d - data - 2;
179 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(asn1_encode_oid);
182 * asn1_encode_length() - encode a length to follow an ASN.1 tag
183 * @data: pointer to encode at
184 * @data_len: pointer to remaining length (adjusted by routine)
185 * @len: length to encode
187 * This routine can encode lengths up to 65535 using the ASN.1 rules.
188 * It will accept a negative length and place a zero length tag
189 * instead (to keep the ASN.1 valid). This convention allows other
190 * encoder primitives to accept negative lengths as singalling the
191 * sequence will be re-encoded when the length is known.
193 static int asn1_encode_length(unsigned char **data, int *data_len, int len)
215 *((*data)++) = len & 0xff;
225 *((*data)++) = (len >> 8) & 0xff;
226 *((*data)++) = len & 0xff;
231 if (WARN(len > 0xffffff, "ASN.1 length can't be > 0xffffff"))
237 *((*data)++) = (len >> 16) & 0xff;
238 *((*data)++) = (len >> 8) & 0xff;
239 *((*data)++) = len & 0xff;
246 * asn1_encode_tag() - add a tag for optional or explicit value
247 * @data: pointer to place tag at
248 * @end_data: end of data pointer, points one beyond last usable byte in @data
249 * @tag: tag to be placed
250 * @string: the data to be tagged
251 * @len: the length of the data to be tagged
253 * Note this currently only handles short form tags < 31.
255 * Standard usage is to pass in a @tag, @string and @length and the
256 * @string will be ASN.1 encoded with @tag and placed into @data. If
257 * the encoding would put data past @end_data then an error is
258 * returned, otherwise a pointer to a position one beyond the encoding
261 * To encode in place pass a NULL @string and -1 for @len and the
262 * maximum allowable beginning and end of the data; all this will do
263 * is add the current maximum length and update the data pointer to
264 * the place where the tag contents should be placed is returned. The
265 * data should be copied in by the calling routine which should then
266 * repeat the prior statement but now with the known length. In order
267 * to avoid having to keep both before and after pointers, the repeat
268 * expects to be called with @data pointing to where the first encode
269 * returned it and still NULL for @string but the real length in @len.
272 asn1_encode_tag(unsigned char *data, const unsigned char *end_data,
273 u32 tag, const unsigned char *string, int len)
275 int data_len = end_data - data;
278 if (WARN(tag > 30, "ASN.1 tag can't be > 30"))
279 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
281 if (!string && WARN(len > 127,
282 "BUG: recode tag is too big (>127)"))
283 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
288 if (!string && len > 0) {
290 * we're recoding, so move back to the start of the
291 * tag and install a dummy length because the real
292 * data_len should be NULL
299 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
301 *(data++) = _tagn(CONT, CONS, tag);
303 ret = asn1_encode_length(&data, &data_len, len);
311 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
313 memcpy(data, string, len);
318 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(asn1_encode_tag);
321 * asn1_encode_octet_string() - encode an ASN.1 OCTET STRING
322 * @data: pointer to encode at
323 * @end_data: end of data pointer, points one beyond last usable byte in @data
324 * @string: string to be encoded
325 * @len: length of string
327 * Note ASN.1 octet strings may contain zeros, so the length is obligatory.
330 asn1_encode_octet_string(unsigned char *data,
331 const unsigned char *end_data,
332 const unsigned char *string, u32 len)
334 int data_len = end_data - data;
340 /* need minimum of 2 bytes for tag and length of zero length string */
342 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
344 *(data++) = _tag(UNIV, PRIM, OTS);
347 ret = asn1_encode_length(&data, &data_len, len);
352 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
354 memcpy(data, string, len);
359 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(asn1_encode_octet_string);
362 * asn1_encode_sequence() - wrap a byte stream in an ASN.1 SEQUENCE
363 * @data: pointer to encode at
364 * @end_data: end of data pointer, points one beyond last usable byte in @data
365 * @seq: data to be encoded as a sequence
366 * @len: length of the data to be encoded as a sequence
368 * Fill in a sequence. To encode in place, pass NULL for @seq and -1
369 * for @len; then call again once the length is known (still with NULL
370 * for @seq). In order to avoid having to keep both before and after
371 * pointers, the repeat expects to be called with @data pointing to
372 * where the first encode placed it.
375 asn1_encode_sequence(unsigned char *data, const unsigned char *end_data,
376 const unsigned char *seq, int len)
378 int data_len = end_data - data;
381 if (!seq && WARN(len > 127,
382 "BUG: recode sequence is too big (>127)"))
383 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
388 if (!seq && len >= 0) {
390 * we're recoding, so move back to the start of the
391 * sequence and install a dummy length because the
392 * real length should be NULL
399 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
401 *(data++) = _tag(UNIV, CONS, SEQ);
404 ret = asn1_encode_length(&data, &data_len, len);
412 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
414 memcpy(data, seq, len);
419 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(asn1_encode_sequence);
422 * asn1_encode_boolean() - encode a boolean value to ASN.1
423 * @data: pointer to encode at
424 * @end_data: end of data pointer, points one beyond last usable byte in @data
425 * @val: the boolean true/false value
428 asn1_encode_boolean(unsigned char *data, const unsigned char *end_data,
431 int data_len = end_data - data;
436 /* booleans are 3 bytes: tag, length == 1 and value == 0 or 1 */
438 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
440 *(data++) = _tag(UNIV, PRIM, BOOL);
443 asn1_encode_length(&data, &data_len, 1);
452 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(asn1_encode_boolean);
454 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");