2 * Common functions for in-kernel torture tests.
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
7 * (at your option) any later version.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 * GNU General Public License for more details.
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 * along with this program; if not, you can access it online at
16 * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html.
18 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2014
20 * Author: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
21 * Based on kernel/rcu/torture.c.
23 #include <linux/types.h>
24 #include <linux/kernel.h>
25 #include <linux/init.h>
26 #include <linux/module.h>
27 #include <linux/kthread.h>
28 #include <linux/err.h>
29 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
30 #include <linux/smp.h>
31 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
34 #include <linux/atomic.h>
35 #include <linux/bitops.h>
36 #include <linux/completion.h>
37 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
38 #include <linux/percpu.h>
39 #include <linux/notifier.h>
40 #include <linux/reboot.h>
41 #include <linux/freezer.h>
42 #include <linux/cpu.h>
43 #include <linux/delay.h>
44 #include <linux/stat.h>
45 #include <linux/slab.h>
46 #include <linux/trace_clock.h>
47 #include <linux/ktime.h>
48 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
49 #include <linux/torture.h>
52 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
53 MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>");
55 static char *torture_type;
58 /* Mediate rmmod and system shutdown. Concurrent rmmod & shutdown illegal! */
59 #define FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP 0 /* Normal operation. */
60 #define FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN 1 /* System shutdown with torture running. */
61 #define FULLSTOP_RMMOD 2 /* Normal rmmod of torture. */
62 static int fullstop = FULLSTOP_RMMOD;
63 static DEFINE_MUTEX(fullstop_mutex);
65 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
68 * Variables for online-offline handling. Only present if CPU hotplug
69 * is enabled, otherwise does nothing.
72 static struct task_struct *onoff_task;
73 static long onoff_holdoff;
74 static long onoff_interval;
75 static long n_offline_attempts;
76 static long n_offline_successes;
77 static unsigned long sum_offline;
78 static int min_offline = -1;
79 static int max_offline;
80 static long n_online_attempts;
81 static long n_online_successes;
82 static unsigned long sum_online;
83 static int min_online = -1;
84 static int max_online;
87 * Attempt to take a CPU offline. Return false if the CPU is already
88 * offline or if it is not subject to CPU-hotplug operations. The
89 * caller can detect other failures by looking at the statistics.
91 bool torture_offline(int cpu, long *n_offl_attempts, long *n_offl_successes,
92 unsigned long *sum_offl, int *min_offl, int *max_offl)
96 unsigned long starttime;
98 if (!cpu_online(cpu) || !cpu_is_hotpluggable(cpu))
102 pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
103 "torture_onoff task: offlining %d\n",
106 (*n_offl_attempts)++;
110 pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
111 "torture_onoff task: offline %d failed: errno %d\n",
112 torture_type, cpu, ret);
115 pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
116 "torture_onoff task: offlined %d\n",
118 (*n_offl_successes)++;
119 delta = jiffies - starttime;
125 if (*min_offl > delta)
127 if (*max_offl < delta)
133 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_offline);
136 * Attempt to bring a CPU online. Return false if the CPU is already
137 * online or if it is not subject to CPU-hotplug operations. The
138 * caller can detect other failures by looking at the statistics.
140 bool torture_online(int cpu, long *n_onl_attempts, long *n_onl_successes,
141 unsigned long *sum_onl, int *min_onl, int *max_onl)
145 unsigned long starttime;
147 if (cpu_online(cpu) || !cpu_is_hotpluggable(cpu))
151 pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
152 "torture_onoff task: onlining %d\n",
159 pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
160 "torture_onoff task: online %d failed: errno %d\n",
161 torture_type, cpu, ret);
164 pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
165 "torture_onoff task: onlined %d\n",
167 (*n_onl_successes)++;
168 delta = jiffies - starttime;
174 if (*min_onl > delta)
176 if (*max_onl < delta)
182 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_online);
185 * Execute random CPU-hotplug operations at the interval specified
186 * by the onoff_interval.
189 torture_onoff(void *arg)
193 DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
195 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_onoff task started");
196 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
201 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Only one CPU, so CPU-hotplug testing is disabled");
205 if (onoff_holdoff > 0) {
206 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_onoff begin holdoff");
207 schedule_timeout_interruptible(onoff_holdoff);
208 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_onoff end holdoff");
210 while (!torture_must_stop()) {
211 cpu = (torture_random(&rand) >> 4) % (maxcpu + 1);
212 if (!torture_offline(cpu,
213 &n_offline_attempts, &n_offline_successes,
214 &sum_offline, &min_offline, &max_offline))
216 &n_online_attempts, &n_online_successes,
217 &sum_online, &min_online, &max_online);
218 schedule_timeout_interruptible(onoff_interval);
222 torture_kthread_stopping("torture_onoff");
226 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
229 * Initiate online-offline handling.
231 int torture_onoff_init(long ooholdoff, long oointerval)
235 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
236 onoff_holdoff = ooholdoff;
237 onoff_interval = oointerval;
238 if (onoff_interval <= 0)
240 ret = torture_create_kthread(torture_onoff, NULL, onoff_task);
241 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
244 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_onoff_init);
247 * Clean up after online/offline testing.
249 static void torture_onoff_cleanup(void)
251 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
252 if (onoff_task == NULL)
254 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Stopping torture_onoff task");
255 kthread_stop(onoff_task);
257 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
259 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_onoff_cleanup);
262 * Print online/offline testing statistics.
264 void torture_onoff_stats(void)
266 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
267 pr_cont("onoff: %ld/%ld:%ld/%ld %d,%d:%d,%d %lu:%lu (HZ=%d) ",
268 n_online_successes, n_online_attempts,
269 n_offline_successes, n_offline_attempts,
270 min_online, max_online,
271 min_offline, max_offline,
272 sum_online, sum_offline, HZ);
273 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
275 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_onoff_stats);
278 * Were all the online/offline operations successful?
280 bool torture_onoff_failures(void)
282 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
283 return n_online_successes != n_online_attempts ||
284 n_offline_successes != n_offline_attempts;
285 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
287 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
289 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_onoff_failures);
291 #define TORTURE_RANDOM_MULT 39916801 /* prime */
292 #define TORTURE_RANDOM_ADD 479001701 /* prime */
293 #define TORTURE_RANDOM_REFRESH 10000
296 * Crude but fast random-number generator. Uses a linear congruential
297 * generator, with occasional help from cpu_clock().
300 torture_random(struct torture_random_state *trsp)
302 if (--trsp->trs_count < 0) {
303 trsp->trs_state += (unsigned long)local_clock();
304 trsp->trs_count = TORTURE_RANDOM_REFRESH;
306 trsp->trs_state = trsp->trs_state * TORTURE_RANDOM_MULT +
308 return swahw32(trsp->trs_state);
310 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_random);
313 * Variables for shuffling. The idea is to ensure that each CPU stays
314 * idle for an extended period to test interactions with dyntick idle,
315 * as well as interactions with any per-CPU variables.
317 struct shuffle_task {
318 struct list_head st_l;
319 struct task_struct *st_t;
322 static long shuffle_interval; /* In jiffies. */
323 static struct task_struct *shuffler_task;
324 static cpumask_var_t shuffle_tmp_mask;
325 static int shuffle_idle_cpu; /* Force all torture tasks off this CPU */
326 static struct list_head shuffle_task_list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(shuffle_task_list);
327 static DEFINE_MUTEX(shuffle_task_mutex);
330 * Register a task to be shuffled. If there is no memory, just splat
331 * and don't bother registering.
333 void torture_shuffle_task_register(struct task_struct *tp)
335 struct shuffle_task *stp;
337 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(tp == NULL))
339 stp = kmalloc(sizeof(*stp), GFP_KERNEL);
340 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(stp == NULL))
343 mutex_lock(&shuffle_task_mutex);
344 list_add(&stp->st_l, &shuffle_task_list);
345 mutex_unlock(&shuffle_task_mutex);
347 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_shuffle_task_register);
350 * Unregister all tasks, for example, at the end of the torture run.
352 static void torture_shuffle_task_unregister_all(void)
354 struct shuffle_task *stp;
355 struct shuffle_task *p;
357 mutex_lock(&shuffle_task_mutex);
358 list_for_each_entry_safe(stp, p, &shuffle_task_list, st_l) {
359 list_del(&stp->st_l);
362 mutex_unlock(&shuffle_task_mutex);
365 /* Shuffle tasks such that we allow shuffle_idle_cpu to become idle.
366 * A special case is when shuffle_idle_cpu = -1, in which case we allow
367 * the tasks to run on all CPUs.
369 static void torture_shuffle_tasks(void)
371 struct shuffle_task *stp;
373 cpumask_setall(shuffle_tmp_mask);
376 /* No point in shuffling if there is only one online CPU (ex: UP) */
377 if (num_online_cpus() == 1) {
382 /* Advance to the next CPU. Upon overflow, don't idle any CPUs. */
383 shuffle_idle_cpu = cpumask_next(shuffle_idle_cpu, shuffle_tmp_mask);
384 if (shuffle_idle_cpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
385 shuffle_idle_cpu = -1;
387 cpumask_clear_cpu(shuffle_idle_cpu, shuffle_tmp_mask);
389 mutex_lock(&shuffle_task_mutex);
390 list_for_each_entry(stp, &shuffle_task_list, st_l)
391 set_cpus_allowed_ptr(stp->st_t, shuffle_tmp_mask);
392 mutex_unlock(&shuffle_task_mutex);
397 /* Shuffle tasks across CPUs, with the intent of allowing each CPU in the
398 * system to become idle at a time and cut off its timer ticks. This is meant
399 * to test the support for such tickless idle CPU in RCU.
401 static int torture_shuffle(void *arg)
403 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_shuffle task started");
405 schedule_timeout_interruptible(shuffle_interval);
406 torture_shuffle_tasks();
407 torture_shutdown_absorb("torture_shuffle");
408 } while (!torture_must_stop());
409 torture_kthread_stopping("torture_shuffle");
414 * Start the shuffler, with shuffint in jiffies.
416 int torture_shuffle_init(long shuffint)
418 shuffle_interval = shuffint;
420 shuffle_idle_cpu = -1;
422 if (!alloc_cpumask_var(&shuffle_tmp_mask, GFP_KERNEL)) {
423 VERBOSE_TOROUT_ERRSTRING("Failed to alloc mask");
427 /* Create the shuffler thread */
428 return torture_create_kthread(torture_shuffle, NULL, shuffler_task);
430 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_shuffle_init);
433 * Stop the shuffling.
435 static void torture_shuffle_cleanup(void)
437 torture_shuffle_task_unregister_all();
439 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Stopping torture_shuffle task");
440 kthread_stop(shuffler_task);
441 free_cpumask_var(shuffle_tmp_mask);
443 shuffler_task = NULL;
445 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_shuffle_cleanup);
448 * Variables for auto-shutdown. This allows "lights out" torture runs
449 * to be fully scripted.
451 static struct task_struct *shutdown_task;
452 static ktime_t shutdown_time; /* time to system shutdown. */
453 static void (*torture_shutdown_hook)(void);
456 * Absorb kthreads into a kernel function that won't return, so that
457 * they won't ever access module text or data again.
459 void torture_shutdown_absorb(const char *title)
461 while (READ_ONCE(fullstop) == FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN) {
462 pr_notice("torture thread %s parking due to system shutdown\n",
464 schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
467 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_shutdown_absorb);
470 * Cause the torture test to shutdown the system after the test has
471 * run for the time specified by the shutdown_secs parameter.
473 static int torture_shutdown(void *arg)
477 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_shutdown task started");
478 ktime_snap = ktime_get();
479 while (ktime_before(ktime_snap, shutdown_time) &&
480 !torture_must_stop()) {
482 pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
483 "torture_shutdown task: %llu ms remaining\n",
485 ktime_ms_delta(shutdown_time, ktime_snap));
486 set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
487 schedule_hrtimeout(&shutdown_time, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
488 ktime_snap = ktime_get();
490 if (torture_must_stop()) {
491 torture_kthread_stopping("torture_shutdown");
495 /* OK, shut down the system. */
497 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_shutdown task shutting down system");
498 shutdown_task = NULL; /* Avoid self-kill deadlock. */
499 if (torture_shutdown_hook)
500 torture_shutdown_hook();
502 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("No torture_shutdown_hook(), skipping.");
503 rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
504 kernel_power_off(); /* Shut down the system. */
509 * Start up the shutdown task.
511 int torture_shutdown_init(int ssecs, void (*cleanup)(void))
515 torture_shutdown_hook = cleanup;
517 shutdown_time = ktime_add(ktime_get(), ktime_set(ssecs, 0));
518 ret = torture_create_kthread(torture_shutdown, NULL,
523 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_shutdown_init);
526 * Detect and respond to a system shutdown.
528 static int torture_shutdown_notify(struct notifier_block *unused1,
529 unsigned long unused2, void *unused3)
531 mutex_lock(&fullstop_mutex);
532 if (READ_ONCE(fullstop) == FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP) {
533 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Unscheduled system shutdown detected");
534 WRITE_ONCE(fullstop, FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN);
536 pr_warn("Concurrent rmmod and shutdown illegal!\n");
538 mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
542 static struct notifier_block torture_shutdown_nb = {
543 .notifier_call = torture_shutdown_notify,
547 * Shut down the shutdown task. Say what??? Heh! This can happen if
548 * the torture module gets an rmmod before the shutdown time arrives. ;-)
550 static void torture_shutdown_cleanup(void)
552 unregister_reboot_notifier(&torture_shutdown_nb);
553 if (shutdown_task != NULL) {
554 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Stopping torture_shutdown task");
555 kthread_stop(shutdown_task);
557 shutdown_task = NULL;
561 * Variables for stuttering, which means to periodically pause and
562 * restart testing in order to catch bugs that appear when load is
563 * suddenly applied to or removed from the system.
565 static struct task_struct *stutter_task;
566 static int stutter_pause_test;
570 * Block until the stutter interval ends. This must be called periodically
571 * by all running kthreads that need to be subject to stuttering.
573 void stutter_wait(const char *title)
577 cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
578 spt = READ_ONCE(stutter_pause_test);
579 for (; spt; spt = READ_ONCE(stutter_pause_test)) {
581 schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
582 } else if (spt == 2) {
583 while (READ_ONCE(stutter_pause_test))
586 schedule_timeout_interruptible(round_jiffies_relative(HZ));
588 torture_shutdown_absorb(title);
591 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(stutter_wait);
594 * Cause the torture test to "stutter", starting and stopping all
595 * threads periodically.
597 static int torture_stutter(void *arg)
599 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_stutter task started");
601 if (!torture_must_stop() && stutter > 1) {
602 WRITE_ONCE(stutter_pause_test, 1);
603 schedule_timeout_interruptible(stutter - 1);
604 WRITE_ONCE(stutter_pause_test, 2);
605 schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
607 WRITE_ONCE(stutter_pause_test, 0);
608 if (!torture_must_stop())
609 schedule_timeout_interruptible(stutter);
610 torture_shutdown_absorb("torture_stutter");
611 } while (!torture_must_stop());
612 torture_kthread_stopping("torture_stutter");
617 * Initialize and kick off the torture_stutter kthread.
619 int torture_stutter_init(int s)
624 ret = torture_create_kthread(torture_stutter, NULL, stutter_task);
627 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_stutter_init);
630 * Cleanup after the torture_stutter kthread.
632 static void torture_stutter_cleanup(void)
636 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Stopping torture_stutter task");
637 kthread_stop(stutter_task);
642 * Initialize torture module. Please note that this is -not- invoked via
643 * the usual module_init() mechanism, but rather by an explicit call from
644 * the client torture module. This call must be paired with a later
645 * torture_init_end().
647 * The runnable parameter points to a flag that controls whether or not
648 * the test is currently runnable. If there is no such flag, pass in NULL.
650 bool torture_init_begin(char *ttype, bool v)
652 mutex_lock(&fullstop_mutex);
653 if (torture_type != NULL) {
654 pr_alert("torture_init_begin: Refusing %s init: %s running.\n",
655 ttype, torture_type);
656 pr_alert("torture_init_begin: One torture test at a time!\n");
657 mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
660 torture_type = ttype;
662 fullstop = FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP;
665 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_init_begin);
668 * Tell the torture module that initialization is complete.
670 void torture_init_end(void)
672 mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
673 register_reboot_notifier(&torture_shutdown_nb);
675 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_init_end);
678 * Clean up torture module. Please note that this is -not- invoked via
679 * the usual module_exit() mechanism, but rather by an explicit call from
680 * the client torture module. Returns true if a race with system shutdown
681 * is detected, otherwise, all kthreads started by functions in this file
684 * This must be called before the caller starts shutting down its own
687 * Both torture_cleanup_begin() and torture_cleanup_end() must be paired,
688 * in order to correctly perform the cleanup. They are separated because
689 * threads can still need to reference the torture_type type, thus nullify
690 * only after completing all other relevant calls.
692 bool torture_cleanup_begin(void)
694 mutex_lock(&fullstop_mutex);
695 if (READ_ONCE(fullstop) == FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN) {
696 pr_warn("Concurrent rmmod and shutdown illegal!\n");
697 mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
698 schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(10);
701 WRITE_ONCE(fullstop, FULLSTOP_RMMOD);
702 mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
703 torture_shutdown_cleanup();
704 torture_shuffle_cleanup();
705 torture_stutter_cleanup();
706 torture_onoff_cleanup();
709 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_cleanup_begin);
711 void torture_cleanup_end(void)
713 mutex_lock(&fullstop_mutex);
715 mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
717 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_cleanup_end);
720 * Is it time for the current torture test to stop?
722 bool torture_must_stop(void)
724 return torture_must_stop_irq() || kthread_should_stop();
726 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_must_stop);
729 * Is it time for the current torture test to stop? This is the irq-safe
730 * version, hence no check for kthread_should_stop().
732 bool torture_must_stop_irq(void)
734 return READ_ONCE(fullstop) != FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP;
736 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_must_stop_irq);
739 * Each kthread must wait for kthread_should_stop() before returning from
740 * its top-level function, otherwise segfaults ensue. This function
741 * prints a "stopping" message and waits for kthread_should_stop(), and
742 * should be called from all torture kthreads immediately prior to
745 void torture_kthread_stopping(char *title)
749 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Stopping %s", title);
750 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING(buf);
751 while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
752 torture_shutdown_absorb(title);
753 schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
756 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_kthread_stopping);
759 * Create a generic torture kthread that is immediately runnable. If you
760 * need the kthread to be stopped so that you can do something to it before
761 * it starts, you will need to open-code your own.
763 int _torture_create_kthread(int (*fn)(void *arg), void *arg, char *s, char *m,
764 char *f, struct task_struct **tp)
768 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING(m);
769 *tp = kthread_run(fn, arg, "%s", s);
772 VERBOSE_TOROUT_ERRSTRING(f);
775 torture_shuffle_task_register(*tp);
778 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(_torture_create_kthread);
781 * Stop a generic kthread, emitting a message.
783 void _torture_stop_kthread(char *m, struct task_struct **tp)
787 VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING(m);
791 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(_torture_stop_kthread);