1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * linux/kernel/resource.c
5 * Copyright (C) 1999 Linus Torvalds
6 * Copyright (C) 1999 Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
8 * Arbitrary resource management.
11 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
13 #include <linux/export.h>
14 #include <linux/errno.h>
15 #include <linux/ioport.h>
16 #include <linux/init.h>
17 #include <linux/slab.h>
18 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
20 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
21 #include <linux/pseudo_fs.h>
22 #include <linux/sched.h>
23 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
24 #include <linux/device.h>
25 #include <linux/pfn.h>
27 #include <linux/mount.h>
28 #include <linux/resource_ext.h>
29 #include <uapi/linux/magic.h>
33 struct resource ioport_resource = {
36 .end = IO_SPACE_LIMIT,
37 .flags = IORESOURCE_IO,
39 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ioport_resource);
41 struct resource iomem_resource = {
45 .flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
47 EXPORT_SYMBOL(iomem_resource);
49 /* constraints to be met while allocating resources */
50 struct resource_constraint {
51 resource_size_t min, max, align;
52 resource_size_t (*alignf)(void *, const struct resource *,
53 resource_size_t, resource_size_t);
57 static DEFINE_RWLOCK(resource_lock);
60 * For memory hotplug, there is no way to free resource entries allocated
61 * by boot mem after the system is up. So for reusing the resource entry
62 * we need to remember the resource.
64 static struct resource *bootmem_resource_free;
65 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(bootmem_resource_lock);
67 static struct resource *next_resource(struct resource *p)
71 while (!p->sibling && p->parent)
76 static void *r_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos)
78 struct resource *p = v;
80 return (void *)next_resource(p);
85 enum { MAX_IORES_LEVEL = 5 };
87 static void *r_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
88 __acquires(resource_lock)
90 struct resource *p = PDE_DATA(file_inode(m->file));
92 read_lock(&resource_lock);
93 for (p = p->child; p && l < *pos; p = r_next(m, p, &l))
98 static void r_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
99 __releases(resource_lock)
101 read_unlock(&resource_lock);
104 static int r_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
106 struct resource *root = PDE_DATA(file_inode(m->file));
107 struct resource *r = v, *p;
108 unsigned long long start, end;
109 int width = root->end < 0x10000 ? 4 : 8;
112 for (depth = 0, p = r; depth < MAX_IORES_LEVEL; depth++, p = p->parent)
113 if (p->parent == root)
116 if (file_ns_capable(m->file, &init_user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
123 seq_printf(m, "%*s%0*llx-%0*llx : %s\n",
127 r->name ? r->name : "<BAD>");
131 static const struct seq_operations resource_op = {
138 static int __init ioresources_init(void)
140 proc_create_seq_data("ioports", 0, NULL, &resource_op,
142 proc_create_seq_data("iomem", 0, NULL, &resource_op, &iomem_resource);
145 __initcall(ioresources_init);
147 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
149 static void free_resource(struct resource *res)
154 if (!PageSlab(virt_to_head_page(res))) {
155 spin_lock(&bootmem_resource_lock);
156 res->sibling = bootmem_resource_free;
157 bootmem_resource_free = res;
158 spin_unlock(&bootmem_resource_lock);
164 static struct resource *alloc_resource(gfp_t flags)
166 struct resource *res = NULL;
168 spin_lock(&bootmem_resource_lock);
169 if (bootmem_resource_free) {
170 res = bootmem_resource_free;
171 bootmem_resource_free = res->sibling;
173 spin_unlock(&bootmem_resource_lock);
176 memset(res, 0, sizeof(struct resource));
178 res = kzalloc(sizeof(struct resource), flags);
183 /* Return the conflict entry if you can't request it */
184 static struct resource * __request_resource(struct resource *root, struct resource *new)
186 resource_size_t start = new->start;
187 resource_size_t end = new->end;
188 struct resource *tmp, **p;
192 if (start < root->start)
199 if (!tmp || tmp->start > end) {
206 if (tmp->end < start)
212 static int __release_resource(struct resource *old, bool release_child)
214 struct resource *tmp, **p, *chd;
216 p = &old->parent->child;
222 if (release_child || !(tmp->child)) {
225 for (chd = tmp->child;; chd = chd->sibling) {
226 chd->parent = tmp->parent;
231 chd->sibling = tmp->sibling;
241 static void __release_child_resources(struct resource *r)
243 struct resource *tmp, *p;
244 resource_size_t size;
254 __release_child_resources(tmp);
256 printk(KERN_DEBUG "release child resource %pR\n", tmp);
257 /* need to restore size, and keep flags */
258 size = resource_size(tmp);
264 void release_child_resources(struct resource *r)
266 write_lock(&resource_lock);
267 __release_child_resources(r);
268 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
272 * request_resource_conflict - request and reserve an I/O or memory resource
273 * @root: root resource descriptor
274 * @new: resource descriptor desired by caller
276 * Returns 0 for success, conflict resource on error.
278 struct resource *request_resource_conflict(struct resource *root, struct resource *new)
280 struct resource *conflict;
282 write_lock(&resource_lock);
283 conflict = __request_resource(root, new);
284 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
289 * request_resource - request and reserve an I/O or memory resource
290 * @root: root resource descriptor
291 * @new: resource descriptor desired by caller
293 * Returns 0 for success, negative error code on error.
295 int request_resource(struct resource *root, struct resource *new)
297 struct resource *conflict;
299 conflict = request_resource_conflict(root, new);
300 return conflict ? -EBUSY : 0;
303 EXPORT_SYMBOL(request_resource);
306 * release_resource - release a previously reserved resource
307 * @old: resource pointer
309 int release_resource(struct resource *old)
313 write_lock(&resource_lock);
314 retval = __release_resource(old, true);
315 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
319 EXPORT_SYMBOL(release_resource);
322 * find_next_iomem_res - Finds the lowest iomem resource that covers part of
325 * If a resource is found, returns 0 and @*res is overwritten with the part
326 * of the resource that's within [@start..@end]; if none is found, returns
327 * -ENODEV. Returns -EINVAL for invalid parameters.
329 * @start: start address of the resource searched for
330 * @end: end address of same resource
331 * @flags: flags which the resource must have
332 * @desc: descriptor the resource must have
333 * @res: return ptr, if resource found
335 * The caller must specify @start, @end, @flags, and @desc
336 * (which may be IORES_DESC_NONE).
338 static int find_next_iomem_res(resource_size_t start, resource_size_t end,
339 unsigned long flags, unsigned long desc,
340 struct resource *res)
350 read_lock(&resource_lock);
352 for (p = iomem_resource.child; p; p = next_resource(p)) {
353 /* If we passed the resource we are looking for, stop */
354 if (p->start > end) {
359 /* Skip until we find a range that matches what we look for */
363 if ((p->flags & flags) != flags)
365 if ((desc != IORES_DESC_NONE) && (desc != p->desc))
368 /* Found a match, break */
374 *res = (struct resource) {
375 .start = max(start, p->start),
376 .end = min(end, p->end),
383 read_unlock(&resource_lock);
384 return p ? 0 : -ENODEV;
387 static int __walk_iomem_res_desc(resource_size_t start, resource_size_t end,
388 unsigned long flags, unsigned long desc,
390 int (*func)(struct resource *, void *))
395 while (start < end &&
396 !find_next_iomem_res(start, end, flags, desc, &res)) {
397 ret = (*func)(&res, arg);
408 * walk_iomem_res_desc - Walks through iomem resources and calls func()
409 * with matching resource ranges.
411 * @desc: I/O resource descriptor. Use IORES_DESC_NONE to skip @desc check.
412 * @flags: I/O resource flags
415 * @arg: function argument for the callback @func
416 * @func: callback function that is called for each qualifying resource area
418 * All the memory ranges which overlap start,end and also match flags and
419 * desc are valid candidates.
421 * NOTE: For a new descriptor search, define a new IORES_DESC in
422 * <linux/ioport.h> and set it in 'desc' of a target resource entry.
424 int walk_iomem_res_desc(unsigned long desc, unsigned long flags, u64 start,
425 u64 end, void *arg, int (*func)(struct resource *, void *))
427 return __walk_iomem_res_desc(start, end, flags, desc, arg, func);
429 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(walk_iomem_res_desc);
432 * This function calls the @func callback against all memory ranges of type
433 * System RAM which are marked as IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM and IORESOUCE_BUSY.
434 * Now, this function is only for System RAM, it deals with full ranges and
435 * not PFNs. If resources are not PFN-aligned, dealing with PFNs can truncate
438 int walk_system_ram_res(u64 start, u64 end, void *arg,
439 int (*func)(struct resource *, void *))
441 unsigned long flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
443 return __walk_iomem_res_desc(start, end, flags, IORES_DESC_NONE, arg,
448 * This function calls the @func callback against all memory ranges, which
449 * are ranges marked as IORESOURCE_MEM and IORESOUCE_BUSY.
451 int walk_mem_res(u64 start, u64 end, void *arg,
452 int (*func)(struct resource *, void *))
454 unsigned long flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
456 return __walk_iomem_res_desc(start, end, flags, IORES_DESC_NONE, arg,
461 * This function calls the @func callback against all memory ranges of type
462 * System RAM which are marked as IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM and IORESOUCE_BUSY.
463 * It is to be used only for System RAM.
465 int walk_system_ram_range(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
466 void *arg, int (*func)(unsigned long, unsigned long, void *))
468 resource_size_t start, end;
471 unsigned long pfn, end_pfn;
474 start = (u64) start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
475 end = ((u64)(start_pfn + nr_pages) << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1;
476 flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
477 while (start < end &&
478 !find_next_iomem_res(start, end, flags, IORES_DESC_NONE, &res)) {
479 pfn = PFN_UP(res.start);
480 end_pfn = PFN_DOWN(res.end + 1);
482 ret = (*func)(pfn, end_pfn - pfn, arg);
490 static int __is_ram(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages, void *arg)
496 * This generic page_is_ram() returns true if specified address is
497 * registered as System RAM in iomem_resource list.
499 int __weak page_is_ram(unsigned long pfn)
501 return walk_system_ram_range(pfn, 1, NULL, __is_ram) == 1;
503 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(page_is_ram);
505 static int __region_intersects(resource_size_t start, size_t size,
506 unsigned long flags, unsigned long desc)
509 int type = 0; int other = 0;
513 res.end = start + size - 1;
515 for (p = iomem_resource.child; p ; p = p->sibling) {
516 bool is_type = (((p->flags & flags) == flags) &&
517 ((desc == IORES_DESC_NONE) ||
520 if (resource_overlaps(p, &res))
521 is_type ? type++ : other++;
525 return REGION_DISJOINT;
528 return REGION_INTERSECTS;
534 * region_intersects() - determine intersection of region with known resources
535 * @start: region start address
536 * @size: size of region
537 * @flags: flags of resource (in iomem_resource)
538 * @desc: descriptor of resource (in iomem_resource) or IORES_DESC_NONE
540 * Check if the specified region partially overlaps or fully eclipses a
541 * resource identified by @flags and @desc (optional with IORES_DESC_NONE).
542 * Return REGION_DISJOINT if the region does not overlap @flags/@desc,
543 * return REGION_MIXED if the region overlaps @flags/@desc and another
544 * resource, and return REGION_INTERSECTS if the region overlaps @flags/@desc
545 * and no other defined resource. Note that REGION_INTERSECTS is also
546 * returned in the case when the specified region overlaps RAM and undefined
549 * region_intersect() is used by memory remapping functions to ensure
550 * the user is not remapping RAM and is a vast speed up over walking
551 * through the resource table page by page.
553 int region_intersects(resource_size_t start, size_t size, unsigned long flags,
558 read_lock(&resource_lock);
559 ret = __region_intersects(start, size, flags, desc);
560 read_unlock(&resource_lock);
564 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(region_intersects);
566 void __weak arch_remove_reservations(struct resource *avail)
570 static resource_size_t simple_align_resource(void *data,
571 const struct resource *avail,
572 resource_size_t size,
573 resource_size_t align)
578 static void resource_clip(struct resource *res, resource_size_t min,
581 if (res->start < min)
588 * Find empty slot in the resource tree with the given range and
589 * alignment constraints
591 static int __find_resource(struct resource *root, struct resource *old,
592 struct resource *new,
593 resource_size_t size,
594 struct resource_constraint *constraint)
596 struct resource *this = root->child;
597 struct resource tmp = *new, avail, alloc;
599 tmp.start = root->start;
601 * Skip past an allocated resource that starts at 0, since the assignment
602 * of this->start - 1 to tmp->end below would cause an underflow.
604 if (this && this->start == root->start) {
605 tmp.start = (this == old) ? old->start : this->end + 1;
606 this = this->sibling;
610 tmp.end = (this == old) ? this->end : this->start - 1;
614 if (tmp.end < tmp.start)
617 resource_clip(&tmp, constraint->min, constraint->max);
618 arch_remove_reservations(&tmp);
620 /* Check for overflow after ALIGN() */
621 avail.start = ALIGN(tmp.start, constraint->align);
623 avail.flags = new->flags & ~IORESOURCE_UNSET;
624 if (avail.start >= tmp.start) {
625 alloc.flags = avail.flags;
626 alloc.start = constraint->alignf(constraint->alignf_data, &avail,
627 size, constraint->align);
628 alloc.end = alloc.start + size - 1;
629 if (alloc.start <= alloc.end &&
630 resource_contains(&avail, &alloc)) {
631 new->start = alloc.start;
632 new->end = alloc.end;
637 next: if (!this || this->end == root->end)
641 tmp.start = this->end + 1;
642 this = this->sibling;
648 * Find empty slot in the resource tree given range and alignment.
650 static int find_resource(struct resource *root, struct resource *new,
651 resource_size_t size,
652 struct resource_constraint *constraint)
654 return __find_resource(root, NULL, new, size, constraint);
658 * reallocate_resource - allocate a slot in the resource tree given range & alignment.
659 * The resource will be relocated if the new size cannot be reallocated in the
662 * @root: root resource descriptor
663 * @old: resource descriptor desired by caller
664 * @newsize: new size of the resource descriptor
665 * @constraint: the size and alignment constraints to be met.
667 static int reallocate_resource(struct resource *root, struct resource *old,
668 resource_size_t newsize,
669 struct resource_constraint *constraint)
672 struct resource new = *old;
673 struct resource *conflict;
675 write_lock(&resource_lock);
677 if ((err = __find_resource(root, old, &new, newsize, constraint)))
680 if (resource_contains(&new, old)) {
681 old->start = new.start;
691 if (resource_contains(old, &new)) {
692 old->start = new.start;
695 __release_resource(old, true);
697 conflict = __request_resource(root, old);
701 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
707 * allocate_resource - allocate empty slot in the resource tree given range & alignment.
708 * The resource will be reallocated with a new size if it was already allocated
709 * @root: root resource descriptor
710 * @new: resource descriptor desired by caller
711 * @size: requested resource region size
712 * @min: minimum boundary to allocate
713 * @max: maximum boundary to allocate
714 * @align: alignment requested, in bytes
715 * @alignf: alignment function, optional, called if not NULL
716 * @alignf_data: arbitrary data to pass to the @alignf function
718 int allocate_resource(struct resource *root, struct resource *new,
719 resource_size_t size, resource_size_t min,
720 resource_size_t max, resource_size_t align,
721 resource_size_t (*alignf)(void *,
722 const struct resource *,
728 struct resource_constraint constraint;
731 alignf = simple_align_resource;
733 constraint.min = min;
734 constraint.max = max;
735 constraint.align = align;
736 constraint.alignf = alignf;
737 constraint.alignf_data = alignf_data;
740 /* resource is already allocated, try reallocating with
741 the new constraints */
742 return reallocate_resource(root, new, size, &constraint);
745 write_lock(&resource_lock);
746 err = find_resource(root, new, size, &constraint);
747 if (err >= 0 && __request_resource(root, new))
749 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
753 EXPORT_SYMBOL(allocate_resource);
756 * lookup_resource - find an existing resource by a resource start address
757 * @root: root resource descriptor
758 * @start: resource start address
760 * Returns a pointer to the resource if found, NULL otherwise
762 struct resource *lookup_resource(struct resource *root, resource_size_t start)
764 struct resource *res;
766 read_lock(&resource_lock);
767 for (res = root->child; res; res = res->sibling) {
768 if (res->start == start)
771 read_unlock(&resource_lock);
777 * Insert a resource into the resource tree. If successful, return NULL,
778 * otherwise return the conflicting resource (compare to __request_resource())
780 static struct resource * __insert_resource(struct resource *parent, struct resource *new)
782 struct resource *first, *next;
784 for (;; parent = first) {
785 first = __request_resource(parent, new);
791 if (WARN_ON(first == new)) /* duplicated insertion */
794 if ((first->start > new->start) || (first->end < new->end))
796 if ((first->start == new->start) && (first->end == new->end))
800 for (next = first; ; next = next->sibling) {
801 /* Partial overlap? Bad, and unfixable */
802 if (next->start < new->start || next->end > new->end)
806 if (next->sibling->start > new->end)
810 new->parent = parent;
811 new->sibling = next->sibling;
814 next->sibling = NULL;
815 for (next = first; next; next = next->sibling)
818 if (parent->child == first) {
821 next = parent->child;
822 while (next->sibling != first)
823 next = next->sibling;
830 * insert_resource_conflict - Inserts resource in the resource tree
831 * @parent: parent of the new resource
832 * @new: new resource to insert
834 * Returns 0 on success, conflict resource if the resource can't be inserted.
836 * This function is equivalent to request_resource_conflict when no conflict
837 * happens. If a conflict happens, and the conflicting resources
838 * entirely fit within the range of the new resource, then the new
839 * resource is inserted and the conflicting resources become children of
842 * This function is intended for producers of resources, such as FW modules
845 struct resource *insert_resource_conflict(struct resource *parent, struct resource *new)
847 struct resource *conflict;
849 write_lock(&resource_lock);
850 conflict = __insert_resource(parent, new);
851 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
856 * insert_resource - Inserts a resource in the resource tree
857 * @parent: parent of the new resource
858 * @new: new resource to insert
860 * Returns 0 on success, -EBUSY if the resource can't be inserted.
862 * This function is intended for producers of resources, such as FW modules
865 int insert_resource(struct resource *parent, struct resource *new)
867 struct resource *conflict;
869 conflict = insert_resource_conflict(parent, new);
870 return conflict ? -EBUSY : 0;
872 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(insert_resource);
875 * insert_resource_expand_to_fit - Insert a resource into the resource tree
876 * @root: root resource descriptor
877 * @new: new resource to insert
879 * Insert a resource into the resource tree, possibly expanding it in order
880 * to make it encompass any conflicting resources.
882 void insert_resource_expand_to_fit(struct resource *root, struct resource *new)
887 write_lock(&resource_lock);
889 struct resource *conflict;
891 conflict = __insert_resource(root, new);
894 if (conflict == root)
897 /* Ok, expand resource to cover the conflict, then try again .. */
898 if (conflict->start < new->start)
899 new->start = conflict->start;
900 if (conflict->end > new->end)
901 new->end = conflict->end;
903 printk("Expanded resource %s due to conflict with %s\n", new->name, conflict->name);
905 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
909 * remove_resource - Remove a resource in the resource tree
910 * @old: resource to remove
912 * Returns 0 on success, -EINVAL if the resource is not valid.
914 * This function removes a resource previously inserted by insert_resource()
915 * or insert_resource_conflict(), and moves the children (if any) up to
916 * where they were before. insert_resource() and insert_resource_conflict()
917 * insert a new resource, and move any conflicting resources down to the
918 * children of the new resource.
920 * insert_resource(), insert_resource_conflict() and remove_resource() are
921 * intended for producers of resources, such as FW modules and bus drivers.
923 int remove_resource(struct resource *old)
927 write_lock(&resource_lock);
928 retval = __release_resource(old, false);
929 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
932 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(remove_resource);
934 static int __adjust_resource(struct resource *res, resource_size_t start,
935 resource_size_t size)
937 struct resource *tmp, *parent = res->parent;
938 resource_size_t end = start + size - 1;
944 if ((start < parent->start) || (end > parent->end))
947 if (res->sibling && (res->sibling->start <= end))
952 while (tmp->sibling != res)
954 if (start <= tmp->end)
959 for (tmp = res->child; tmp; tmp = tmp->sibling)
960 if ((tmp->start < start) || (tmp->end > end))
972 * adjust_resource - modify a resource's start and size
973 * @res: resource to modify
974 * @start: new start value
977 * Given an existing resource, change its start and size to match the
978 * arguments. Returns 0 on success, -EBUSY if it can't fit.
979 * Existing children of the resource are assumed to be immutable.
981 int adjust_resource(struct resource *res, resource_size_t start,
982 resource_size_t size)
986 write_lock(&resource_lock);
987 result = __adjust_resource(res, start, size);
988 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
991 EXPORT_SYMBOL(adjust_resource);
994 __reserve_region_with_split(struct resource *root, resource_size_t start,
995 resource_size_t end, const char *name)
997 struct resource *parent = root;
998 struct resource *conflict;
999 struct resource *res = alloc_resource(GFP_ATOMIC);
1000 struct resource *next_res = NULL;
1001 int type = resource_type(root);
1009 res->flags = type | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
1010 res->desc = IORES_DESC_NONE;
1014 conflict = __request_resource(parent, res);
1023 /* conflict covered whole area */
1024 if (conflict->start <= res->start &&
1025 conflict->end >= res->end) {
1031 /* failed, split and try again */
1032 if (conflict->start > res->start) {
1034 res->end = conflict->start - 1;
1035 if (conflict->end < end) {
1036 next_res = alloc_resource(GFP_ATOMIC);
1041 next_res->name = name;
1042 next_res->start = conflict->end + 1;
1043 next_res->end = end;
1044 next_res->flags = type | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
1045 next_res->desc = IORES_DESC_NONE;
1048 res->start = conflict->end + 1;
1055 reserve_region_with_split(struct resource *root, resource_size_t start,
1056 resource_size_t end, const char *name)
1060 write_lock(&resource_lock);
1061 if (root->start > start || root->end < end) {
1062 pr_err("requested range [0x%llx-0x%llx] not in root %pr\n",
1063 (unsigned long long)start, (unsigned long long)end,
1065 if (start > root->end || end < root->start)
1068 if (end > root->end)
1070 if (start < root->start)
1071 start = root->start;
1072 pr_err("fixing request to [0x%llx-0x%llx]\n",
1073 (unsigned long long)start,
1074 (unsigned long long)end);
1079 __reserve_region_with_split(root, start, end, name);
1080 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
1084 * resource_alignment - calculate resource's alignment
1085 * @res: resource pointer
1087 * Returns alignment on success, 0 (invalid alignment) on failure.
1089 resource_size_t resource_alignment(struct resource *res)
1091 switch (res->flags & (IORESOURCE_SIZEALIGN | IORESOURCE_STARTALIGN)) {
1092 case IORESOURCE_SIZEALIGN:
1093 return resource_size(res);
1094 case IORESOURCE_STARTALIGN:
1102 * This is compatibility stuff for IO resources.
1104 * Note how this, unlike the above, knows about
1105 * the IO flag meanings (busy etc).
1107 * request_region creates a new busy region.
1109 * release_region releases a matching busy region.
1112 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(muxed_resource_wait);
1114 static struct inode *iomem_inode;
1116 #ifdef CONFIG_IO_STRICT_DEVMEM
1117 static void revoke_iomem(struct resource *res)
1119 /* pairs with smp_store_release() in iomem_init_inode() */
1120 struct inode *inode = smp_load_acquire(&iomem_inode);
1123 * Check that the initialization has completed. Losing the race
1124 * is ok because it means drivers are claiming resources before
1125 * the fs_initcall level of init and prevent iomem_get_mapping users
1126 * from establishing mappings.
1132 * The expectation is that the driver has successfully marked
1133 * the resource busy by this point, so devmem_is_allowed()
1134 * should start returning false, however for performance this
1135 * does not iterate the entire resource range.
1137 if (devmem_is_allowed(PHYS_PFN(res->start)) &&
1138 devmem_is_allowed(PHYS_PFN(res->end))) {
1140 * *cringe* iomem=relaxed says "go ahead, what's the
1141 * worst that can happen?"
1146 unmap_mapping_range(inode->i_mapping, res->start, resource_size(res), 1);
1149 static void revoke_iomem(struct resource *res) {}
1152 struct address_space *iomem_get_mapping(void)
1155 * This function is only called from file open paths, hence guaranteed
1156 * that fs_initcalls have completed and no need to check for NULL. But
1157 * since revoke_iomem can be called before the initcall we still need
1158 * the barrier to appease checkers.
1160 return smp_load_acquire(&iomem_inode)->i_mapping;
1163 static int __request_region_locked(struct resource *res, struct resource *parent,
1164 resource_size_t start, resource_size_t n,
1165 const char *name, int flags)
1167 DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
1171 res->end = start + n - 1;
1174 struct resource *conflict;
1176 res->flags = resource_type(parent) | resource_ext_type(parent);
1177 res->flags |= IORESOURCE_BUSY | flags;
1178 res->desc = parent->desc;
1180 conflict = __request_resource(parent, res);
1184 * mm/hmm.c reserves physical addresses which then
1185 * become unavailable to other users. Conflicts are
1186 * not expected. Warn to aid debugging if encountered.
1188 if (conflict->desc == IORES_DESC_DEVICE_PRIVATE_MEMORY) {
1189 pr_warn("Unaddressable device %s %pR conflicts with %pR",
1190 conflict->name, conflict, res);
1192 if (conflict != parent) {
1193 if (!(conflict->flags & IORESOURCE_BUSY)) {
1198 if (conflict->flags & flags & IORESOURCE_MUXED) {
1199 add_wait_queue(&muxed_resource_wait, &wait);
1200 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
1201 set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
1203 remove_wait_queue(&muxed_resource_wait, &wait);
1204 write_lock(&resource_lock);
1207 /* Uhhuh, that didn't work out.. */
1215 * __request_region - create a new busy resource region
1216 * @parent: parent resource descriptor
1217 * @start: resource start address
1218 * @n: resource region size
1219 * @name: reserving caller's ID string
1220 * @flags: IO resource flags
1222 struct resource *__request_region(struct resource *parent,
1223 resource_size_t start, resource_size_t n,
1224 const char *name, int flags)
1226 struct resource *res = alloc_resource(GFP_KERNEL);
1232 write_lock(&resource_lock);
1233 ret = __request_region_locked(res, parent, start, n, name, flags);
1234 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
1241 if (parent == &iomem_resource)
1246 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__request_region);
1249 * __release_region - release a previously reserved resource region
1250 * @parent: parent resource descriptor
1251 * @start: resource start address
1252 * @n: resource region size
1254 * The described resource region must match a currently busy region.
1256 void __release_region(struct resource *parent, resource_size_t start,
1259 struct resource **p;
1260 resource_size_t end;
1263 end = start + n - 1;
1265 write_lock(&resource_lock);
1268 struct resource *res = *p;
1272 if (res->start <= start && res->end >= end) {
1273 if (!(res->flags & IORESOURCE_BUSY)) {
1277 if (res->start != start || res->end != end)
1280 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
1281 if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_MUXED)
1282 wake_up(&muxed_resource_wait);
1289 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
1291 printk(KERN_WARNING "Trying to free nonexistent resource "
1292 "<%016llx-%016llx>\n", (unsigned long long)start,
1293 (unsigned long long)end);
1295 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__release_region);
1297 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
1299 * release_mem_region_adjustable - release a previously reserved memory region
1300 * @start: resource start address
1301 * @size: resource region size
1303 * This interface is intended for memory hot-delete. The requested region
1304 * is released from a currently busy memory resource. The requested region
1305 * must either match exactly or fit into a single busy resource entry. In
1306 * the latter case, the remaining resource is adjusted accordingly.
1307 * Existing children of the busy memory resource must be immutable in the
1311 * - Additional release conditions, such as overlapping region, can be
1312 * supported after they are confirmed as valid cases.
1313 * - When a busy memory resource gets split into two entries, the code
1314 * assumes that all children remain in the lower address entry for
1315 * simplicity. Enhance this logic when necessary.
1317 void release_mem_region_adjustable(resource_size_t start, resource_size_t size)
1319 struct resource *parent = &iomem_resource;
1320 struct resource *new_res = NULL;
1321 bool alloc_nofail = false;
1322 struct resource **p;
1323 struct resource *res;
1324 resource_size_t end;
1326 end = start + size - 1;
1327 if (WARN_ON_ONCE((start < parent->start) || (end > parent->end)))
1331 * We free up quite a lot of memory on memory hotunplug (esp., memap),
1332 * just before releasing the region. This is highly unlikely to
1333 * fail - let's play save and make it never fail as the caller cannot
1334 * perform any error handling (e.g., trying to re-add memory will fail
1338 new_res = alloc_resource(GFP_KERNEL | (alloc_nofail ? __GFP_NOFAIL : 0));
1341 write_lock(&resource_lock);
1343 while ((res = *p)) {
1344 if (res->start >= end)
1347 /* look for the next resource if it does not fit into */
1348 if (res->start > start || res->end < end) {
1354 * All memory regions added from memory-hotplug path have the
1355 * flag IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM. If the resource does not have
1356 * this flag, we know that we are dealing with a resource coming
1357 * from HMM/devm. HMM/devm use another mechanism to add/release
1358 * a resource. This goes via devm_request_mem_region and
1359 * devm_release_mem_region.
1360 * HMM/devm take care to release their resources when they want,
1361 * so if we are dealing with them, let us just back off here.
1363 if (!(res->flags & IORESOURCE_SYSRAM)) {
1367 if (!(res->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM))
1370 if (!(res->flags & IORESOURCE_BUSY)) {
1375 /* found the target resource; let's adjust accordingly */
1376 if (res->start == start && res->end == end) {
1377 /* free the whole entry */
1380 } else if (res->start == start && res->end != end) {
1381 /* adjust the start */
1382 WARN_ON_ONCE(__adjust_resource(res, end + 1,
1384 } else if (res->start != start && res->end == end) {
1385 /* adjust the end */
1386 WARN_ON_ONCE(__adjust_resource(res, res->start,
1387 start - res->start));
1389 /* split into two entries - we need a new resource */
1391 new_res = alloc_resource(GFP_ATOMIC);
1393 alloc_nofail = true;
1394 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
1398 new_res->name = res->name;
1399 new_res->start = end + 1;
1400 new_res->end = res->end;
1401 new_res->flags = res->flags;
1402 new_res->desc = res->desc;
1403 new_res->parent = res->parent;
1404 new_res->sibling = res->sibling;
1405 new_res->child = NULL;
1407 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(__adjust_resource(res, res->start,
1408 start - res->start)))
1410 res->sibling = new_res;
1417 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
1418 free_resource(new_res);
1420 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE */
1422 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
1423 static bool system_ram_resources_mergeable(struct resource *r1,
1424 struct resource *r2)
1426 /* We assume either r1 or r2 is IORESOURCE_SYSRAM_MERGEABLE. */
1427 return r1->flags == r2->flags && r1->end + 1 == r2->start &&
1428 r1->name == r2->name && r1->desc == r2->desc &&
1429 !r1->child && !r2->child;
1433 * merge_system_ram_resource - mark the System RAM resource mergeable and try to
1434 * merge it with adjacent, mergeable resources
1435 * @res: resource descriptor
1437 * This interface is intended for memory hotplug, whereby lots of contiguous
1438 * system ram resources are added (e.g., via add_memory*()) by a driver, and
1439 * the actual resource boundaries are not of interest (e.g., it might be
1440 * relevant for DIMMs). Only resources that are marked mergeable, that have the
1441 * same parent, and that don't have any children are considered. All mergeable
1442 * resources must be immutable during the request.
1445 * - The caller has to make sure that no pointers to resources that are
1446 * marked mergeable are used anymore after this call - the resource might
1447 * be freed and the pointer might be stale!
1448 * - release_mem_region_adjustable() will split on demand on memory hotunplug
1450 void merge_system_ram_resource(struct resource *res)
1452 const unsigned long flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
1453 struct resource *cur;
1455 if (WARN_ON_ONCE((res->flags & flags) != flags))
1458 write_lock(&resource_lock);
1459 res->flags |= IORESOURCE_SYSRAM_MERGEABLE;
1461 /* Try to merge with next item in the list. */
1463 if (cur && system_ram_resources_mergeable(res, cur)) {
1464 res->end = cur->end;
1465 res->sibling = cur->sibling;
1469 /* Try to merge with previous item in the list. */
1470 cur = res->parent->child;
1471 while (cur && cur->sibling != res)
1473 if (cur && system_ram_resources_mergeable(cur, res)) {
1474 cur->end = res->end;
1475 cur->sibling = res->sibling;
1478 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
1480 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
1483 * Managed region resource
1485 static void devm_resource_release(struct device *dev, void *ptr)
1487 struct resource **r = ptr;
1489 release_resource(*r);
1493 * devm_request_resource() - request and reserve an I/O or memory resource
1494 * @dev: device for which to request the resource
1495 * @root: root of the resource tree from which to request the resource
1496 * @new: descriptor of the resource to request
1498 * This is a device-managed version of request_resource(). There is usually
1499 * no need to release resources requested by this function explicitly since
1500 * that will be taken care of when the device is unbound from its driver.
1501 * If for some reason the resource needs to be released explicitly, because
1502 * of ordering issues for example, drivers must call devm_release_resource()
1503 * rather than the regular release_resource().
1505 * When a conflict is detected between any existing resources and the newly
1506 * requested resource, an error message will be printed.
1508 * Returns 0 on success or a negative error code on failure.
1510 int devm_request_resource(struct device *dev, struct resource *root,
1511 struct resource *new)
1513 struct resource *conflict, **ptr;
1515 ptr = devres_alloc(devm_resource_release, sizeof(*ptr), GFP_KERNEL);
1521 conflict = request_resource_conflict(root, new);
1523 dev_err(dev, "resource collision: %pR conflicts with %s %pR\n",
1524 new, conflict->name, conflict);
1529 devres_add(dev, ptr);
1532 EXPORT_SYMBOL(devm_request_resource);
1534 static int devm_resource_match(struct device *dev, void *res, void *data)
1536 struct resource **ptr = res;
1538 return *ptr == data;
1542 * devm_release_resource() - release a previously requested resource
1543 * @dev: device for which to release the resource
1544 * @new: descriptor of the resource to release
1546 * Releases a resource previously requested using devm_request_resource().
1548 void devm_release_resource(struct device *dev, struct resource *new)
1550 WARN_ON(devres_release(dev, devm_resource_release, devm_resource_match,
1553 EXPORT_SYMBOL(devm_release_resource);
1555 struct region_devres {
1556 struct resource *parent;
1557 resource_size_t start;
1561 static void devm_region_release(struct device *dev, void *res)
1563 struct region_devres *this = res;
1565 __release_region(this->parent, this->start, this->n);
1568 static int devm_region_match(struct device *dev, void *res, void *match_data)
1570 struct region_devres *this = res, *match = match_data;
1572 return this->parent == match->parent &&
1573 this->start == match->start && this->n == match->n;
1577 __devm_request_region(struct device *dev, struct resource *parent,
1578 resource_size_t start, resource_size_t n, const char *name)
1580 struct region_devres *dr = NULL;
1581 struct resource *res;
1583 dr = devres_alloc(devm_region_release, sizeof(struct region_devres),
1588 dr->parent = parent;
1592 res = __request_region(parent, start, n, name, 0);
1594 devres_add(dev, dr);
1600 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__devm_request_region);
1602 void __devm_release_region(struct device *dev, struct resource *parent,
1603 resource_size_t start, resource_size_t n)
1605 struct region_devres match_data = { parent, start, n };
1607 __release_region(parent, start, n);
1608 WARN_ON(devres_destroy(dev, devm_region_release, devm_region_match,
1611 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__devm_release_region);
1614 * Reserve I/O ports or memory based on "reserve=" kernel parameter.
1616 #define MAXRESERVE 4
1617 static int __init reserve_setup(char *str)
1619 static int reserved;
1620 static struct resource reserve[MAXRESERVE];
1623 unsigned int io_start, io_num;
1625 struct resource *parent;
1627 if (get_option(&str, &io_start) != 2)
1629 if (get_option(&str, &io_num) == 0)
1631 if (x < MAXRESERVE) {
1632 struct resource *res = reserve + x;
1635 * If the region starts below 0x10000, we assume it's
1636 * I/O port space; otherwise assume it's memory.
1638 if (io_start < 0x10000) {
1639 res->flags = IORESOURCE_IO;
1640 parent = &ioport_resource;
1642 res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
1643 parent = &iomem_resource;
1645 res->name = "reserved";
1646 res->start = io_start;
1647 res->end = io_start + io_num - 1;
1648 res->flags |= IORESOURCE_BUSY;
1649 res->desc = IORES_DESC_NONE;
1651 if (request_resource(parent, res) == 0)
1657 __setup("reserve=", reserve_setup);
1660 * Check if the requested addr and size spans more than any slot in the
1661 * iomem resource tree.
1663 int iomem_map_sanity_check(resource_size_t addr, unsigned long size)
1665 struct resource *p = &iomem_resource;
1669 read_lock(&resource_lock);
1670 for (p = p->child; p ; p = r_next(NULL, p, &l)) {
1672 * We can probably skip the resources without
1673 * IORESOURCE_IO attribute?
1675 if (p->start >= addr + size)
1679 if (PFN_DOWN(p->start) <= PFN_DOWN(addr) &&
1680 PFN_DOWN(p->end) >= PFN_DOWN(addr + size - 1))
1683 * if a resource is "BUSY", it's not a hardware resource
1684 * but a driver mapping of such a resource; we don't want
1685 * to warn for those; some drivers legitimately map only
1686 * partial hardware resources. (example: vesafb)
1688 if (p->flags & IORESOURCE_BUSY)
1691 printk(KERN_WARNING "resource sanity check: requesting [mem %#010llx-%#010llx], which spans more than %s %pR\n",
1692 (unsigned long long)addr,
1693 (unsigned long long)(addr + size - 1),
1698 read_unlock(&resource_lock);
1703 #ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM
1704 static int strict_iomem_checks = 1;
1706 static int strict_iomem_checks;
1710 * check if an address is reserved in the iomem resource tree
1711 * returns true if reserved, false if not reserved.
1713 bool iomem_is_exclusive(u64 addr)
1715 struct resource *p = &iomem_resource;
1718 int size = PAGE_SIZE;
1720 if (!strict_iomem_checks)
1723 addr = addr & PAGE_MASK;
1725 read_lock(&resource_lock);
1726 for (p = p->child; p ; p = r_next(NULL, p, &l)) {
1728 * We can probably skip the resources without
1729 * IORESOURCE_IO attribute?
1731 if (p->start >= addr + size)
1736 * A resource is exclusive if IORESOURCE_EXCLUSIVE is set
1737 * or CONFIG_IO_STRICT_DEVMEM is enabled and the
1740 if ((p->flags & IORESOURCE_BUSY) == 0)
1742 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IO_STRICT_DEVMEM)
1743 || p->flags & IORESOURCE_EXCLUSIVE) {
1748 read_unlock(&resource_lock);
1753 struct resource_entry *resource_list_create_entry(struct resource *res,
1756 struct resource_entry *entry;
1758 entry = kzalloc(sizeof(*entry) + extra_size, GFP_KERNEL);
1760 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&entry->node);
1761 entry->res = res ? res : &entry->__res;
1766 EXPORT_SYMBOL(resource_list_create_entry);
1768 void resource_list_free(struct list_head *head)
1770 struct resource_entry *entry, *tmp;
1772 list_for_each_entry_safe(entry, tmp, head, node)
1773 resource_list_destroy_entry(entry);
1775 EXPORT_SYMBOL(resource_list_free);
1777 #ifdef CONFIG_DEVICE_PRIVATE
1778 static struct resource *__request_free_mem_region(struct device *dev,
1779 struct resource *base, unsigned long size, const char *name)
1781 resource_size_t end, addr;
1782 struct resource *res;
1783 struct region_devres *dr = NULL;
1785 size = ALIGN(size, 1UL << PA_SECTION_SHIFT);
1786 end = min_t(unsigned long, base->end, (1UL << MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS) - 1);
1787 addr = end - size + 1UL;
1789 res = alloc_resource(GFP_KERNEL);
1791 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
1794 dr = devres_alloc(devm_region_release,
1795 sizeof(struct region_devres), GFP_KERNEL);
1798 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
1802 write_lock(&resource_lock);
1803 for (; addr > size && addr >= base->start; addr -= size) {
1804 if (__region_intersects(addr, size, 0, IORES_DESC_NONE) !=
1808 if (__request_region_locked(res, &iomem_resource, addr, size,
1813 dr->parent = &iomem_resource;
1816 devres_add(dev, dr);
1819 res->desc = IORES_DESC_DEVICE_PRIVATE_MEMORY;
1820 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
1823 * A driver is claiming this region so revoke any mappings.
1828 write_unlock(&resource_lock);
1834 return ERR_PTR(-ERANGE);
1838 * devm_request_free_mem_region - find free region for device private memory
1840 * @dev: device struct to bind the resource to
1841 * @size: size in bytes of the device memory to add
1842 * @base: resource tree to look in
1844 * This function tries to find an empty range of physical address big enough to
1845 * contain the new resource, so that it can later be hotplugged as ZONE_DEVICE
1846 * memory, which in turn allocates struct pages.
1848 struct resource *devm_request_free_mem_region(struct device *dev,
1849 struct resource *base, unsigned long size)
1851 return __request_free_mem_region(dev, base, size, dev_name(dev));
1853 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_request_free_mem_region);
1855 struct resource *request_free_mem_region(struct resource *base,
1856 unsigned long size, const char *name)
1858 return __request_free_mem_region(NULL, base, size, name);
1860 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(request_free_mem_region);
1862 #endif /* CONFIG_DEVICE_PRIVATE */
1864 static int __init strict_iomem(char *str)
1866 if (strstr(str, "relaxed"))
1867 strict_iomem_checks = 0;
1868 if (strstr(str, "strict"))
1869 strict_iomem_checks = 1;
1873 static int iomem_fs_init_fs_context(struct fs_context *fc)
1875 return init_pseudo(fc, DEVMEM_MAGIC) ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
1878 static struct file_system_type iomem_fs_type = {
1880 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
1881 .init_fs_context = iomem_fs_init_fs_context,
1882 .kill_sb = kill_anon_super,
1885 static int __init iomem_init_inode(void)
1887 static struct vfsmount *iomem_vfs_mount;
1888 static int iomem_fs_cnt;
1889 struct inode *inode;
1892 rc = simple_pin_fs(&iomem_fs_type, &iomem_vfs_mount, &iomem_fs_cnt);
1894 pr_err("Cannot mount iomem pseudo filesystem: %d\n", rc);
1898 inode = alloc_anon_inode(iomem_vfs_mount->mnt_sb);
1899 if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
1900 rc = PTR_ERR(inode);
1901 pr_err("Cannot allocate inode for iomem: %d\n", rc);
1902 simple_release_fs(&iomem_vfs_mount, &iomem_fs_cnt);
1907 * Publish iomem revocation inode initialized.
1908 * Pairs with smp_load_acquire() in revoke_iomem().
1910 smp_store_release(&iomem_inode, inode);
1915 fs_initcall(iomem_init_inode);
1917 __setup("iomem=", strict_iomem);