1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * linux/kernel/reboot.c
5 * Copyright (C) 2013 Linus Torvalds
8 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "reboot: " fmt
10 #include <linux/atomic.h>
11 #include <linux/ctype.h>
12 #include <linux/export.h>
13 #include <linux/kexec.h>
14 #include <linux/kmod.h>
15 #include <linux/kmsg_dump.h>
16 #include <linux/reboot.h>
17 #include <linux/suspend.h>
18 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
19 #include <linux/syscore_ops.h>
20 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
23 * this indicates whether you can reboot with ctrl-alt-del: the default is yes
28 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cad_pid);
30 #if defined(CONFIG_ARM)
31 #define DEFAULT_REBOOT_MODE = REBOOT_HARD
33 #define DEFAULT_REBOOT_MODE
35 enum reboot_mode reboot_mode DEFAULT_REBOOT_MODE;
36 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(reboot_mode);
37 enum reboot_mode panic_reboot_mode = REBOOT_UNDEFINED;
40 * This variable is used privately to keep track of whether or not
41 * reboot_type is still set to its default value (i.e., reboot= hasn't
42 * been set on the command line). This is needed so that we can
43 * suppress DMI scanning for reboot quirks. Without it, it's
44 * impossible to override a faulty reboot quirk without recompiling.
46 int reboot_default = 1;
48 enum reboot_type reboot_type = BOOT_ACPI;
52 * If set, this is used for preparing the system to power off.
55 void (*pm_power_off_prepare)(void);
56 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pm_power_off_prepare);
59 * emergency_restart - reboot the system
61 * Without shutting down any hardware or taking any locks
62 * reboot the system. This is called when we know we are in
63 * trouble so this is our best effort to reboot. This is
64 * safe to call in interrupt context.
66 void emergency_restart(void)
68 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_EMERG);
69 machine_emergency_restart();
71 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(emergency_restart);
73 void kernel_restart_prepare(char *cmd)
75 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&reboot_notifier_list, SYS_RESTART, cmd);
76 system_state = SYSTEM_RESTART;
77 usermodehelper_disable();
82 * register_reboot_notifier - Register function to be called at reboot time
83 * @nb: Info about notifier function to be called
85 * Registers a function with the list of functions
86 * to be called at reboot time.
88 * Currently always returns zero, as blocking_notifier_chain_register()
89 * always returns zero.
91 int register_reboot_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
93 return blocking_notifier_chain_register(&reboot_notifier_list, nb);
95 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_reboot_notifier);
98 * unregister_reboot_notifier - Unregister previously registered reboot notifier
99 * @nb: Hook to be unregistered
101 * Unregisters a previously registered reboot
104 * Returns zero on success, or %-ENOENT on failure.
106 int unregister_reboot_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
108 return blocking_notifier_chain_unregister(&reboot_notifier_list, nb);
110 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_reboot_notifier);
112 static void devm_unregister_reboot_notifier(struct device *dev, void *res)
114 WARN_ON(unregister_reboot_notifier(*(struct notifier_block **)res));
117 int devm_register_reboot_notifier(struct device *dev, struct notifier_block *nb)
119 struct notifier_block **rcnb;
122 rcnb = devres_alloc(devm_unregister_reboot_notifier,
123 sizeof(*rcnb), GFP_KERNEL);
127 ret = register_reboot_notifier(nb);
130 devres_add(dev, rcnb);
137 EXPORT_SYMBOL(devm_register_reboot_notifier);
140 * Notifier list for kernel code which wants to be called
141 * to restart the system.
143 static ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(restart_handler_list);
146 * register_restart_handler - Register function to be called to reset
148 * @nb: Info about handler function to be called
149 * @nb->priority: Handler priority. Handlers should follow the
150 * following guidelines for setting priorities.
151 * 0: Restart handler of last resort,
152 * with limited restart capabilities
153 * 128: Default restart handler; use if no other
154 * restart handler is expected to be available,
155 * and/or if restart functionality is
156 * sufficient to restart the entire system
157 * 255: Highest priority restart handler, will
158 * preempt all other restart handlers
160 * Registers a function with code to be called to restart the
163 * Registered functions will be called from machine_restart as last
164 * step of the restart sequence (if the architecture specific
165 * machine_restart function calls do_kernel_restart - see below
167 * Registered functions are expected to restart the system immediately.
168 * If more than one function is registered, the restart handler priority
169 * selects which function will be called first.
171 * Restart handlers are expected to be registered from non-architecture
172 * code, typically from drivers. A typical use case would be a system
173 * where restart functionality is provided through a watchdog. Multiple
174 * restart handlers may exist; for example, one restart handler might
175 * restart the entire system, while another only restarts the CPU.
176 * In such cases, the restart handler which only restarts part of the
177 * hardware is expected to register with low priority to ensure that
178 * it only runs if no other means to restart the system is available.
180 * Currently always returns zero, as atomic_notifier_chain_register()
181 * always returns zero.
183 int register_restart_handler(struct notifier_block *nb)
185 return atomic_notifier_chain_register(&restart_handler_list, nb);
187 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_restart_handler);
190 * unregister_restart_handler - Unregister previously registered
192 * @nb: Hook to be unregistered
194 * Unregisters a previously registered restart handler function.
196 * Returns zero on success, or %-ENOENT on failure.
198 int unregister_restart_handler(struct notifier_block *nb)
200 return atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&restart_handler_list, nb);
202 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_restart_handler);
205 * do_kernel_restart - Execute kernel restart handler call chain
207 * Calls functions registered with register_restart_handler.
209 * Expected to be called from machine_restart as last step of the restart
212 * Restarts the system immediately if a restart handler function has been
213 * registered. Otherwise does nothing.
215 void do_kernel_restart(char *cmd)
217 atomic_notifier_call_chain(&restart_handler_list, reboot_mode, cmd);
220 void migrate_to_reboot_cpu(void)
222 /* The boot cpu is always logical cpu 0 */
223 int cpu = reboot_cpu;
225 cpu_hotplug_disable();
227 /* Make certain the cpu I'm about to reboot on is online */
228 if (!cpu_online(cpu))
229 cpu = cpumask_first(cpu_online_mask);
231 /* Prevent races with other tasks migrating this task */
232 current->flags |= PF_NO_SETAFFINITY;
234 /* Make certain I only run on the appropriate processor */
235 set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask_of(cpu));
239 * kernel_restart - reboot the system
240 * @cmd: pointer to buffer containing command to execute for restart
243 * Shutdown everything and perform a clean reboot.
244 * This is not safe to call in interrupt context.
246 void kernel_restart(char *cmd)
248 kernel_restart_prepare(cmd);
249 migrate_to_reboot_cpu();
252 pr_emerg("Restarting system\n");
254 pr_emerg("Restarting system with command '%s'\n", cmd);
255 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_SHUTDOWN);
256 machine_restart(cmd);
258 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kernel_restart);
260 static void kernel_shutdown_prepare(enum system_states state)
262 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&reboot_notifier_list,
263 (state == SYSTEM_HALT) ? SYS_HALT : SYS_POWER_OFF, NULL);
264 system_state = state;
265 usermodehelper_disable();
269 * kernel_halt - halt the system
271 * Shutdown everything and perform a clean system halt.
273 void kernel_halt(void)
275 kernel_shutdown_prepare(SYSTEM_HALT);
276 migrate_to_reboot_cpu();
278 pr_emerg("System halted\n");
279 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_SHUTDOWN);
282 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kernel_halt);
285 * kernel_power_off - power_off the system
287 * Shutdown everything and perform a clean system power_off.
289 void kernel_power_off(void)
291 kernel_shutdown_prepare(SYSTEM_POWER_OFF);
292 if (pm_power_off_prepare)
293 pm_power_off_prepare();
294 migrate_to_reboot_cpu();
296 pr_emerg("Power down\n");
297 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_SHUTDOWN);
300 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kernel_power_off);
302 DEFINE_MUTEX(system_transition_mutex);
305 * Reboot system call: for obvious reasons only root may call it,
306 * and even root needs to set up some magic numbers in the registers
307 * so that some mistake won't make this reboot the whole machine.
308 * You can also set the meaning of the ctrl-alt-del-key here.
310 * reboot doesn't sync: do that yourself before calling this.
312 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(reboot, int, magic1, int, magic2, unsigned int, cmd,
315 struct pid_namespace *pid_ns = task_active_pid_ns(current);
319 /* We only trust the superuser with rebooting the system. */
320 if (!ns_capable(pid_ns->user_ns, CAP_SYS_BOOT))
323 /* For safety, we require "magic" arguments. */
324 if (magic1 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1 ||
325 (magic2 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2 &&
326 magic2 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2A &&
327 magic2 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2B &&
328 magic2 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2C))
332 * If pid namespaces are enabled and the current task is in a child
333 * pid_namespace, the command is handled by reboot_pid_ns() which will
336 ret = reboot_pid_ns(pid_ns, cmd);
340 /* Instead of trying to make the power_off code look like
341 * halt when pm_power_off is not set do it the easy way.
343 if ((cmd == LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF) && !pm_power_off)
344 cmd = LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT;
346 mutex_lock(&system_transition_mutex);
348 case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART:
349 kernel_restart(NULL);
352 case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_ON:
356 case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_OFF:
360 case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT:
364 case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF:
369 case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2:
370 ret = strncpy_from_user(&buffer[0], arg, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
375 buffer[sizeof(buffer) - 1] = '\0';
377 kernel_restart(buffer);
380 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
381 case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_KEXEC:
382 ret = kernel_kexec();
386 #ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
387 case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_SW_SUSPEND:
396 mutex_unlock(&system_transition_mutex);
400 static void deferred_cad(struct work_struct *dummy)
402 kernel_restart(NULL);
406 * This function gets called by ctrl-alt-del - ie the keyboard interrupt.
407 * As it's called within an interrupt, it may NOT sync: the only choice
408 * is whether to reboot at once, or just ignore the ctrl-alt-del.
410 void ctrl_alt_del(void)
412 static DECLARE_WORK(cad_work, deferred_cad);
415 schedule_work(&cad_work);
417 kill_cad_pid(SIGINT, 1);
420 char poweroff_cmd[POWEROFF_CMD_PATH_LEN] = "/sbin/poweroff";
421 static const char reboot_cmd[] = "/sbin/reboot";
423 static int run_cmd(const char *cmd)
426 static char *envp[] = {
428 "PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
432 argv = argv_split(GFP_KERNEL, cmd, NULL);
434 ret = call_usermodehelper(argv[0], argv, envp, UMH_WAIT_EXEC);
443 static int __orderly_reboot(void)
447 ret = run_cmd(reboot_cmd);
450 printk_prefer_direct_enter();
451 pr_warn("Failed to start orderly reboot: forcing the issue\n");
453 kernel_restart(NULL);
454 printk_prefer_direct_exit();
460 static int __orderly_poweroff(bool force)
464 ret = run_cmd(poweroff_cmd);
467 printk_prefer_direct_enter();
468 pr_warn("Failed to start orderly shutdown: forcing the issue\n");
471 * I guess this should try to kick off some daemon to sync and
472 * poweroff asap. Or not even bother syncing if we're doing an
473 * emergency shutdown?
477 printk_prefer_direct_exit();
483 static bool poweroff_force;
485 static void poweroff_work_func(struct work_struct *work)
487 __orderly_poweroff(poweroff_force);
490 static DECLARE_WORK(poweroff_work, poweroff_work_func);
493 * orderly_poweroff - Trigger an orderly system poweroff
494 * @force: force poweroff if command execution fails
496 * This may be called from any context to trigger a system shutdown.
497 * If the orderly shutdown fails, it will force an immediate shutdown.
499 void orderly_poweroff(bool force)
501 if (force) /* do not override the pending "true" */
502 poweroff_force = true;
503 schedule_work(&poweroff_work);
505 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(orderly_poweroff);
507 static void reboot_work_func(struct work_struct *work)
512 static DECLARE_WORK(reboot_work, reboot_work_func);
515 * orderly_reboot - Trigger an orderly system reboot
517 * This may be called from any context to trigger a system reboot.
518 * If the orderly reboot fails, it will force an immediate reboot.
520 void orderly_reboot(void)
522 schedule_work(&reboot_work);
524 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(orderly_reboot);
527 * hw_failure_emergency_poweroff_func - emergency poweroff work after a known delay
528 * @work: work_struct associated with the emergency poweroff function
530 * This function is called in very critical situations to force
531 * a kernel poweroff after a configurable timeout value.
533 static void hw_failure_emergency_poweroff_func(struct work_struct *work)
535 printk_prefer_direct_enter();
538 * We have reached here after the emergency shutdown waiting period has
539 * expired. This means orderly_poweroff has not been able to shut off
540 * the system for some reason.
542 * Try to shut down the system immediately using kernel_power_off
545 pr_emerg("Hardware protection timed-out. Trying forced poweroff\n");
549 * Worst of the worst case trigger emergency restart
551 pr_emerg("Hardware protection shutdown failed. Trying emergency restart\n");
554 printk_prefer_direct_exit();
557 static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(hw_failure_emergency_poweroff_work,
558 hw_failure_emergency_poweroff_func);
561 * hw_failure_emergency_poweroff - Trigger an emergency system poweroff
563 * This may be called from any critical situation to trigger a system shutdown
564 * after a given period of time. If time is negative this is not scheduled.
566 static void hw_failure_emergency_poweroff(int poweroff_delay_ms)
568 if (poweroff_delay_ms <= 0)
570 schedule_delayed_work(&hw_failure_emergency_poweroff_work,
571 msecs_to_jiffies(poweroff_delay_ms));
575 * hw_protection_shutdown - Trigger an emergency system poweroff
577 * @reason: Reason of emergency shutdown to be printed.
578 * @ms_until_forced: Time to wait for orderly shutdown before tiggering a
579 * forced shudown. Negative value disables the forced
582 * Initiate an emergency system shutdown in order to protect hardware from
583 * further damage. Usage examples include a thermal protection or a voltage or
584 * current regulator failures.
585 * NOTE: The request is ignored if protection shutdown is already pending even
586 * if the previous request has given a large timeout for forced shutdown.
587 * Can be called from any context.
589 void hw_protection_shutdown(const char *reason, int ms_until_forced)
591 static atomic_t allow_proceed = ATOMIC_INIT(1);
593 printk_prefer_direct_enter();
595 pr_emerg("HARDWARE PROTECTION shutdown (%s)\n", reason);
597 /* Shutdown should be initiated only once. */
598 if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&allow_proceed))
602 * Queue a backup emergency shutdown in the event of
603 * orderly_poweroff failure
605 hw_failure_emergency_poweroff(ms_until_forced);
606 orderly_poweroff(true);
608 printk_prefer_direct_exit();
610 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hw_protection_shutdown);
612 static int __init reboot_setup(char *str)
615 enum reboot_mode *mode;
618 * Having anything passed on the command line via
619 * reboot= will cause us to disable DMI checking
624 if (!strncmp(str, "panic_", 6)) {
625 mode = &panic_reboot_mode;
646 * reboot_cpu is s[mp]#### with #### being the processor
647 * to be used for rebooting. Skip 's' or 'smp' prefix.
649 str += str[1] == 'm' && str[2] == 'p' ? 3 : 1;
651 if (isdigit(str[0])) {
652 int cpu = simple_strtoul(str, NULL, 0);
654 if (cpu >= num_possible_cpus()) {
655 pr_err("Ignoring the CPU number in reboot= option. "
656 "CPU %d exceeds possible cpu number %d\n",
657 cpu, num_possible_cpus());
683 str = strchr(str, ',');
691 __setup("reboot=", reboot_setup);
695 #define REBOOT_COLD_STR "cold"
696 #define REBOOT_WARM_STR "warm"
697 #define REBOOT_HARD_STR "hard"
698 #define REBOOT_SOFT_STR "soft"
699 #define REBOOT_GPIO_STR "gpio"
700 #define REBOOT_UNDEFINED_STR "undefined"
702 #define BOOT_TRIPLE_STR "triple"
703 #define BOOT_KBD_STR "kbd"
704 #define BOOT_BIOS_STR "bios"
705 #define BOOT_ACPI_STR "acpi"
706 #define BOOT_EFI_STR "efi"
707 #define BOOT_PCI_STR "pci"
709 static ssize_t mode_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
713 switch (reboot_mode) {
715 val = REBOOT_COLD_STR;
718 val = REBOOT_WARM_STR;
721 val = REBOOT_HARD_STR;
724 val = REBOOT_SOFT_STR;
727 val = REBOOT_GPIO_STR;
730 val = REBOOT_UNDEFINED_STR;
733 return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", val);
735 static ssize_t mode_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
736 const char *buf, size_t count)
738 if (!capable(CAP_SYS_BOOT))
741 if (!strncmp(buf, REBOOT_COLD_STR, strlen(REBOOT_COLD_STR)))
742 reboot_mode = REBOOT_COLD;
743 else if (!strncmp(buf, REBOOT_WARM_STR, strlen(REBOOT_WARM_STR)))
744 reboot_mode = REBOOT_WARM;
745 else if (!strncmp(buf, REBOOT_HARD_STR, strlen(REBOOT_HARD_STR)))
746 reboot_mode = REBOOT_HARD;
747 else if (!strncmp(buf, REBOOT_SOFT_STR, strlen(REBOOT_SOFT_STR)))
748 reboot_mode = REBOOT_SOFT;
749 else if (!strncmp(buf, REBOOT_GPIO_STR, strlen(REBOOT_GPIO_STR)))
750 reboot_mode = REBOOT_GPIO;
758 static struct kobj_attribute reboot_mode_attr = __ATTR_RW(mode);
761 static ssize_t force_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
763 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", reboot_force);
765 static ssize_t force_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
766 const char *buf, size_t count)
770 if (!capable(CAP_SYS_BOOT))
773 if (kstrtobool(buf, &res))
781 static struct kobj_attribute reboot_force_attr = __ATTR_RW(force);
783 static ssize_t type_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
787 switch (reboot_type) {
789 val = BOOT_TRIPLE_STR;
807 val = REBOOT_UNDEFINED_STR;
810 return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", val);
812 static ssize_t type_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
813 const char *buf, size_t count)
815 if (!capable(CAP_SYS_BOOT))
818 if (!strncmp(buf, BOOT_TRIPLE_STR, strlen(BOOT_TRIPLE_STR)))
819 reboot_type = BOOT_TRIPLE;
820 else if (!strncmp(buf, BOOT_KBD_STR, strlen(BOOT_KBD_STR)))
821 reboot_type = BOOT_KBD;
822 else if (!strncmp(buf, BOOT_BIOS_STR, strlen(BOOT_BIOS_STR)))
823 reboot_type = BOOT_BIOS;
824 else if (!strncmp(buf, BOOT_ACPI_STR, strlen(BOOT_ACPI_STR)))
825 reboot_type = BOOT_ACPI;
826 else if (!strncmp(buf, BOOT_EFI_STR, strlen(BOOT_EFI_STR)))
827 reboot_type = BOOT_EFI;
828 else if (!strncmp(buf, BOOT_PCI_STR, strlen(BOOT_PCI_STR)))
829 reboot_type = BOOT_CF9_FORCE;
837 static struct kobj_attribute reboot_type_attr = __ATTR_RW(type);
841 static ssize_t cpu_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
843 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", reboot_cpu);
845 static ssize_t cpu_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
846 const char *buf, size_t count)
851 if (!capable(CAP_SYS_BOOT))
854 rc = kstrtouint(buf, 0, &cpunum);
859 if (cpunum >= num_possible_cpus())
867 static struct kobj_attribute reboot_cpu_attr = __ATTR_RW(cpu);
870 static struct attribute *reboot_attrs[] = {
871 &reboot_mode_attr.attr,
873 &reboot_force_attr.attr,
874 &reboot_type_attr.attr,
877 &reboot_cpu_attr.attr,
882 static const struct attribute_group reboot_attr_group = {
883 .attrs = reboot_attrs,
886 static int __init reboot_ksysfs_init(void)
888 struct kobject *reboot_kobj;
891 reboot_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("reboot", kernel_kobj);
895 ret = sysfs_create_group(reboot_kobj, &reboot_attr_group);
897 kobject_put(reboot_kobj);
903 late_initcall(reboot_ksysfs_init);