kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h

   1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
   2 /*
   3  * RCU CPU stall warnings for normal RCU grace periods
   4  *
   5  * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2019
   6  *
   7  * Author: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
   8  */
   9
  10 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
  11
  12 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  13 //
  14 // Controlling CPU stall warnings, including delay calculation.
  15
  16 /* panic() on RCU Stall sysctl. */
  17 int sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall __read_mostly;
  18 int sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic __read_mostly;
  19
  20 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
  21 #define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA           (5 * HZ)
  22 #else
  23 #define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA           0
  24 #endif
  25 #define RCU_STALL_MIGHT_DIV             8
  26 #define RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN             (2 * HZ)
  27
  28 int rcu_exp_jiffies_till_stall_check(void)
  29 {
  30         int cpu_stall_timeout = READ_ONCE(rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout);
  31         int exp_stall_delay_delta = 0;
  32         int till_stall_check;
  33
  34         // Zero says to use rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, but in milliseconds.
  35         if (!cpu_stall_timeout)
  36                 cpu_stall_timeout = jiffies_to_msecs(rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check());
  37
  38         // Limit check must be consistent with the Kconfig limits for
  39         // CONFIG_RCU_EXP_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT, so check the allowed range.
  40         // The minimum clamped value is "2UL", because at least one full
  41         // tick has to be guaranteed.
  42         till_stall_check = clamp(msecs_to_jiffies(cpu_stall_timeout), 2UL, 300UL * HZ);
  43
  44         if (cpu_stall_timeout && jiffies_to_msecs(till_stall_check) != cpu_stall_timeout)
  45                 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout, jiffies_to_msecs(till_stall_check));
  46
  47 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
  48         /* Add extra ~25% out of till_stall_check. */
  49         exp_stall_delay_delta = ((till_stall_check * 25) / 100) + 1;
  50 #endif
  51
  52         return till_stall_check + exp_stall_delay_delta;
  53 }
  54 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_exp_jiffies_till_stall_check);
  55
  56 /* Limit-check stall timeouts specified at boottime and runtime. */
  57 int rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check(void)
  58 {
  59         int till_stall_check = READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout);
  60
  61         /*
  62          * Limit check must be consistent with the Kconfig limits
  63          * for CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT.
  64          */
  65         if (till_stall_check < 3) {
  66                 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, 3);
  67                 till_stall_check = 3;
  68         } else if (till_stall_check > 300) {
  69                 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, 300);
  70                 till_stall_check = 300;
  71         }
  72         return till_stall_check * HZ + RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA;
  73 }
  74 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check);
  75
  76 /**
  77  * rcu_gp_might_be_stalled - Is it likely that the grace period is stalled?
  78  *
  79  * Returns @true if the current grace period is sufficiently old that
  80  * it is reasonable to assume that it might be stalled.  This can be
  81  * useful when deciding whether to allocate memory to enable RCU-mediated
  82  * freeing on the one hand or just invoking synchronize_rcu() on the other.
  83  * The latter is preferable when the grace period is stalled.
  84  *
  85  * Note that sampling of the .gp_start and .gp_seq fields must be done
  86  * carefully to avoid false positives at the beginnings and ends of
  87  * grace periods.
  88  */
  89 bool rcu_gp_might_be_stalled(void)
  90 {
  91         unsigned long d = rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() / RCU_STALL_MIGHT_DIV;
  92         unsigned long j = jiffies;
  93
  94         if (d < RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN)
  95                 d = RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN;
  96         smp_mb(); // jiffies before .gp_seq to avoid false positives.
  97         if (!rcu_gp_in_progress())
  98                 return false;
  99         // Long delays at this point avoids false positive, but a delay
 100         // of ULONG_MAX/4 jiffies voids your no-false-positive warranty.
 101         smp_mb(); // .gp_seq before second .gp_start
 102         // And ditto here.
 103         return !time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start) + d);
 104 }
 105
 106 /* Don't do RCU CPU stall warnings during long sysrq printouts. */
 107 void rcu_sysrq_start(void)
 108 {
 109         if (!rcu_cpu_stall_suppress)
 110                 rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 2;
 111 }
 112
 113 void rcu_sysrq_end(void)
 114 {
 115         if (rcu_cpu_stall_suppress == 2)
 116                 rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 0;
 117 }
 118
 119 /* Don't print RCU CPU stall warnings during a kernel panic. */
 120 static int rcu_panic(struct notifier_block *this, unsigned long ev, void *ptr)
 121 {
 122         rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 1;
 123         return NOTIFY_DONE;
 124 }
 125
 126 static struct notifier_block rcu_panic_block = {
 127         .notifier_call = rcu_panic,
 128 };
 129
 130 static int __init check_cpu_stall_init(void)
 131 {
 132         atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list, &rcu_panic_block);
 133         return 0;
 134 }
 135 early_initcall(check_cpu_stall_init);
 136
 137 /* If so specified via sysctl, panic, yielding cleaner stall-warning output. */
 138 static void panic_on_rcu_stall(void)
 139 {
 140         static int cpu_stall;
 141
 142         if (++cpu_stall < sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic)
 143                 return;
 144
 145         if (sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall)
 146                 panic("RCU Stall\n");
 147 }
 148
 149 /**
 150  * rcu_cpu_stall_reset - restart stall-warning timeout for current grace period
 151  *
 152  * The caller must disable hard irqs.
 153  */
 154 void rcu_cpu_stall_reset(void)
 155 {
 156         WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
 157                    jiffies + rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check());
 158 }
 159
 160 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 161 //
 162 // Interaction with RCU grace periods
 163
 164 /* Start of new grace period, so record stall time (and forcing times). */
 165 static void record_gp_stall_check_time(void)
 166 {
 167         unsigned long j = jiffies;
 168         unsigned long j1;
 169
 170         WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start, j);
 171         j1 = rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check();
 172         smp_mb(); // ->gp_start before ->jiffies_stall and caller's ->gp_seq.
 173         WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, j + j1);
 174         rcu_state.jiffies_resched = j + j1 / 2;
 175         rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.n_force_qs);
 176 }
 177
 178 /* Zero ->ticks_this_gp and snapshot the number of RCU softirq handlers. */
 179 static void zero_cpu_stall_ticks(struct rcu_data *rdp)
 180 {
 181         rdp->ticks_this_gp = 0;
 182         rdp->softirq_snap = kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, smp_processor_id());
 183         WRITE_ONCE(rdp->last_fqs_resched, jiffies);
 184 }
 185
 186 /*
 187  * If too much time has passed in the current grace period, and if
 188  * so configured, go kick the relevant kthreads.
 189  */
 190 static void rcu_stall_kick_kthreads(void)
 191 {
 192         unsigned long j;
 193
 194         if (!READ_ONCE(rcu_kick_kthreads))
 195                 return;
 196         j = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_kick_kthreads);
 197         if (time_after(jiffies, j) && rcu_state.gp_kthread &&
 198             (rcu_gp_in_progress() || READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags))) {
 199                 WARN_ONCE(1, "Kicking %s grace-period kthread\n",
 200                           rcu_state.name);
 201                 rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
 202                 wake_up_process(rcu_state.gp_kthread);
 203                 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_kick_kthreads, j + HZ);
 204         }
 205 }
 206
 207 /*
 208  * Handler for the irq_work request posted about halfway into the RCU CPU
 209  * stall timeout, and used to detect excessive irq disabling.  Set state
 210  * appropriately, but just complain if there is unexpected state on entry.
 211  */
 212 static void rcu_iw_handler(struct irq_work *iwp)
 213 {
 214         struct rcu_data *rdp;
 215         struct rcu_node *rnp;
 216
 217         rdp = container_of(iwp, struct rcu_data, rcu_iw);
 218         rnp = rdp->mynode;
 219         raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
 220         if (!WARN_ON_ONCE(!rdp->rcu_iw_pending)) {
 221                 rdp->rcu_iw_gp_seq = rnp->gp_seq;
 222                 rdp->rcu_iw_pending = false;
 223         }
 224         raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
 225 }
 226
 227 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 228 //
 229 // Printing RCU CPU stall warnings
 230
 231 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU
 232
 233 /*
 234  * Dump detailed information for all tasks blocking the current RCU
 235  * grace period on the specified rcu_node structure.
 236  */
 237 static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
 238 {
 239         unsigned long flags;
 240         struct task_struct *t;
 241
 242         raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 243         if (!rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(rnp)) {
 244                 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 245                 return;
 246         }
 247         t = list_entry(rnp->gp_tasks->prev,
 248                        struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
 249         list_for_each_entry_continue(t, &rnp->blkd_tasks, rcu_node_entry) {
 250                 /*
 251                  * We could be printing a lot while holding a spinlock.
 252                  * Avoid triggering hard lockup.
 253                  */
 254                 touch_nmi_watchdog();
 255                 sched_show_task(t);
 256         }
 257         raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 258 }
 259
 260 // Communicate task state back to the RCU CPU stall warning request.
 261 struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr {
 262         int nesting;
 263         union rcu_special rs;
 264         bool on_blkd_list;
 265 };
 266
 267 /*
 268  * Report out the state of a not-running task that is stalling the
 269  * current RCU grace period.
 270  */
 271 static int check_slow_task(struct task_struct *t, void *arg)
 272 {
 273         struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr *rscrp = arg;
 274
 275         if (task_curr(t))
 276                 return -EBUSY; // It is running, so decline to inspect it.
 277         rscrp->nesting = t->rcu_read_lock_nesting;
 278         rscrp->rs = t->rcu_read_unlock_special;
 279         rscrp->on_blkd_list = !list_empty(&t->rcu_node_entry);
 280         return 0;
 281 }
 282
 283 /*
 284  * Scan the current list of tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical
 285  * sections, printing out the tid of each of the first few of them.
 286  */
 287 static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
 288         __releases(rnp->lock)
 289 {
 290         int i = 0;
 291         int ndetected = 0;
 292         struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr rscr;
 293         struct task_struct *t;
 294         struct task_struct *ts[8];
 295
 296         lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
 297         if (!rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(rnp)) {
 298                 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 299                 return 0;
 300         }
 301         pr_err("\tTasks blocked on level-%d rcu_node (CPUs %d-%d):",
 302                rnp->level, rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi);
 303         t = list_entry(rnp->gp_tasks->prev,
 304                        struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
 305         list_for_each_entry_continue(t, &rnp->blkd_tasks, rcu_node_entry) {
 306                 get_task_struct(t);
 307                 ts[i++] = t;
 308                 if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(ts))
 309                         break;
 310         }
 311         raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 312         while (i) {
 313                 t = ts[--i];
 314                 if (task_call_func(t, check_slow_task, &rscr))
 315                         pr_cont(" P%d", t->pid);
 316                 else
 317                         pr_cont(" P%d/%d:%c%c%c%c",
 318                                 t->pid, rscr.nesting,
 319                                 ".b"[rscr.rs.b.blocked],
 320                                 ".q"[rscr.rs.b.need_qs],
 321                                 ".e"[rscr.rs.b.exp_hint],
 322                                 ".l"[rscr.on_blkd_list]);
 323                 lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
 324                 put_task_struct(t);
 325                 ndetected++;
 326         }
 327         pr_cont("\n");
 328         return ndetected;
 329 }
 330
 331 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
 332
 333 /*
 334  * Because preemptible RCU does not exist, we never have to check for
 335  * tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical sections.
 336  */
 337 static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
 338 {
 339 }
 340
 341 /*
 342  * Because preemptible RCU does not exist, we never have to check for
 343  * tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical sections.
 344  */
 345 static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
 346         __releases(rnp->lock)
 347 {
 348         raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 349         return 0;
 350 }
 351 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
 352
 353 /*
 354  * Dump stacks of all tasks running on stalled CPUs.  First try using
 355  * NMIs, but fall back to manual remote stack tracing on architectures
 356  * that don't support NMI-based stack dumps.  The NMI-triggered stack
 357  * traces are more accurate because they are printed by the target CPU.
 358  */
 359 static void rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(void)
 360 {
 361         int cpu;
 362         unsigned long flags;
 363         struct rcu_node *rnp;
 364
 365         rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
 366                 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 367                 for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu)
 368                         if (rnp->qsmask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) {
 369                                 if (cpu_is_offline(cpu))
 370                                         pr_err("Offline CPU %d blocking current GP.\n", cpu);
 371                                 else
 372                                         dump_cpu_task(cpu);
 373                         }
 374                 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 375         }
 376 }
 377
 378 static const char * const gp_state_names[] = {
 379         [RCU_GP_IDLE] = "RCU_GP_IDLE",
 380         [RCU_GP_WAIT_GPS] = "RCU_GP_WAIT_GPS",
 381         [RCU_GP_DONE_GPS] = "RCU_GP_DONE_GPS",
 382         [RCU_GP_ONOFF] = "RCU_GP_ONOFF",
 383         [RCU_GP_INIT] = "RCU_GP_INIT",
 384         [RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS] = "RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS",
 385         [RCU_GP_DOING_FQS] = "RCU_GP_DOING_FQS",
 386         [RCU_GP_CLEANUP] = "RCU_GP_CLEANUP",
 387         [RCU_GP_CLEANED] = "RCU_GP_CLEANED",
 388 };
 389
 390 /*
 391  * Convert a ->gp_state value to a character string.
 392  */
 393 static const char *gp_state_getname(short gs)
 394 {
 395         if (gs < 0 || gs >= ARRAY_SIZE(gp_state_names))
 396                 return "???";
 397         return gp_state_names[gs];
 398 }
 399
 400 /* Is the RCU grace-period kthread being starved of CPU time? */
 401 static bool rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(unsigned long *jp)
 402 {
 403         unsigned long j = jiffies - READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity);
 404
 405         if (jp)
 406                 *jp = j;
 407         return j > 2 * HZ;
 408 }
 409
 410 static bool rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(struct rcu_data *rdp, unsigned long *jp)
 411 {
 412         int cpu;
 413         struct task_struct *rcuc;
 414         unsigned long j;
 415
 416         rcuc = rdp->rcu_cpu_kthread_task;
 417         if (!rcuc)
 418                 return false;
 419
 420         cpu = task_cpu(rcuc);
 421         if (cpu_is_offline(cpu) || idle_cpu(cpu))
 422                 return false;
 423
 424         j = jiffies - READ_ONCE(rdp->rcuc_activity);
 425
 426         if (jp)
 427                 *jp = j;
 428         return j > 2 * HZ;
 429 }
 430
 431 static void print_cpu_stat_info(int cpu)
 432 {
 433         struct rcu_snap_record rsr, *rsrp;
 434         struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
 435         struct kernel_cpustat *kcsp = &kcpustat_cpu(cpu);
 436
 437         if (!rcu_cpu_stall_cputime)
 438                 return;
 439
 440         rsrp = &rdp->snap_record;
 441         if (rsrp->gp_seq != rdp->gp_seq)
 442                 return;
 443
 444         rsr.cputime_irq     = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_IRQ, cpu);
 445         rsr.cputime_softirq = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_SOFTIRQ, cpu);
 446         rsr.cputime_system  = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_SYSTEM, cpu);
 447
 448         pr_err("\t         hardirqs   softirqs   csw/system\n");
 449         pr_err("\t number: %8ld %10d %12lld\n",
 450                 kstat_cpu_irqs_sum(cpu) - rsrp->nr_hardirqs,
 451                 kstat_cpu_softirqs_sum(cpu) - rsrp->nr_softirqs,
 452                 nr_context_switches_cpu(cpu) - rsrp->nr_csw);
 453         pr_err("\tcputime: %8lld %10lld %12lld   ==> %d(ms)\n",
 454                 div_u64(rsr.cputime_irq - rsrp->cputime_irq, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
 455                 div_u64(rsr.cputime_softirq - rsrp->cputime_softirq, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
 456                 div_u64(rsr.cputime_system - rsrp->cputime_system, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
 457                 jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - rsrp->jiffies));
 458 }
 459
 460 /*
 461  * Print out diagnostic information for the specified stalled CPU.
 462  *
 463  * If the specified CPU is aware of the current RCU grace period, then
 464  * print the number of scheduling clock interrupts the CPU has taken
 465  * during the time that it has been aware.  Otherwise, print the number
 466  * of RCU grace periods that this CPU is ignorant of, for example, "1"
 467  * if the CPU was aware of the previous grace period.
 468  *
 469  * Also print out idle info.
 470  */
 471 static void print_cpu_stall_info(int cpu)
 472 {
 473         unsigned long delta;
 474         bool falsepositive;
 475         struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
 476         char *ticks_title;
 477         unsigned long ticks_value;
 478         bool rcuc_starved;
 479         unsigned long j;
 480         char buf[32];
 481
 482         /*
 483          * We could be printing a lot while holding a spinlock.  Avoid
 484          * triggering hard lockup.
 485          */
 486         touch_nmi_watchdog();
 487
 488         ticks_value = rcu_seq_ctr(rcu_state.gp_seq - rdp->gp_seq);
 489         if (ticks_value) {
 490                 ticks_title = "GPs behind";
 491         } else {
 492                 ticks_title = "ticks this GP";
 493                 ticks_value = rdp->ticks_this_gp;
 494         }
 495         delta = rcu_seq_ctr(rdp->mynode->gp_seq - rdp->rcu_iw_gp_seq);
 496         falsepositive = rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(NULL) &&
 497                         rcu_dynticks_in_eqs(rcu_dynticks_snap(cpu));
 498         rcuc_starved = rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(rdp, &j);
 499         if (rcuc_starved)
 500                 sprintf(buf, " rcuc=%ld jiffies(starved)", j);
 501         pr_err("\t%d-%c%c%c%c: (%lu %s) idle=%04x/%ld/%#lx softirq=%u/%u fqs=%ld%s%s\n",
 502                cpu,
 503                "O."[!!cpu_online(cpu)],
 504                "o."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinit)],
 505                "N."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinitnext)],
 506                !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IRQ_WORK) ? '?' :
 507                         rdp->rcu_iw_pending ? (int)min(delta, 9UL) + '0' :
 508                                 "!."[!delta],
 509                ticks_value, ticks_title,
 510                rcu_dynticks_snap(cpu) & 0xffff,
 511                ct_dynticks_nesting_cpu(cpu), ct_dynticks_nmi_nesting_cpu(cpu),
 512                rdp->softirq_snap, kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, cpu),
 513                data_race(rcu_state.n_force_qs) - rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart,
 514                rcuc_starved ? buf : "",
 515                falsepositive ? " (false positive?)" : "");
 516
 517         print_cpu_stat_info(cpu);
 518 }
 519
 520 /* Complain about starvation of grace-period kthread.  */
 521 static void rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation(void)
 522 {
 523         int cpu;
 524         struct task_struct *gpk = rcu_state.gp_kthread;
 525         unsigned long j;
 526
 527         if (rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(&j)) {
 528                 cpu = gpk ? task_cpu(gpk) : -1;
 529                 pr_err("%s kthread starved for %ld jiffies! g%ld f%#x %s(%d) ->state=%#x ->cpu=%d\n",
 530                        rcu_state.name, j,
 531                        (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq),
 532                        data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)),
 533                        gp_state_getname(rcu_state.gp_state),
 534                        data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_state)),
 535                        gpk ? data_race(READ_ONCE(gpk->__state)) : ~0, cpu);
 536                 if (gpk) {
 537                         pr_err("\tUnless %s kthread gets sufficient CPU time, OOM is now expected behavior.\n", rcu_state.name);
 538                         pr_err("RCU grace-period kthread stack dump:\n");
 539                         sched_show_task(gpk);
 540                         if (cpu >= 0) {
 541                                 if (cpu_is_offline(cpu)) {
 542                                         pr_err("RCU GP kthread last ran on offline CPU %d.\n", cpu);
 543                                 } else  {
 544                                         pr_err("Stack dump where RCU GP kthread last ran:\n");
 545                                         dump_cpu_task(cpu);
 546                                 }
 547                         }
 548                         wake_up_process(gpk);
 549                 }
 550         }
 551 }
 552
 553 /* Complain about missing wakeups from expired fqs wait timer */
 554 static void rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer(void)
 555 {
 556         struct task_struct *gpk = rcu_state.gp_kthread;
 557         short gp_state;
 558         unsigned long jiffies_fqs;
 559         int cpu;
 560
 561         /*
 562          * Order reads of .gp_state and .jiffies_force_qs.
 563          * Matching smp_wmb() is present in rcu_gp_fqs_loop().
 564          */
 565         gp_state = smp_load_acquire(&rcu_state.gp_state);
 566         jiffies_fqs = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_force_qs);
 567
 568         if (gp_state == RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS &&
 569             time_after(jiffies, jiffies_fqs + RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN) &&
 570             gpk && !READ_ONCE(gpk->on_rq)) {
 571                 cpu = task_cpu(gpk);
 572                 pr_err("%s kthread timer wakeup didn't happen for %ld jiffies! g%ld f%#x %s(%d) ->state=%#x\n",
 573                        rcu_state.name, (jiffies - jiffies_fqs),
 574                        (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq),
 575                        data_race(rcu_state.gp_flags),
 576                        gp_state_getname(RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS), RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS,
 577                        data_race(READ_ONCE(gpk->__state)));
 578                 pr_err("\tPossible timer handling issue on cpu=%d timer-softirq=%u\n",
 579                        cpu, kstat_softirqs_cpu(TIMER_SOFTIRQ, cpu));
 580         }
 581 }
 582
 583 static void print_other_cpu_stall(unsigned long gp_seq, unsigned long gps)
 584 {
 585         int cpu;
 586         unsigned long flags;
 587         unsigned long gpa;
 588         unsigned long j;
 589         int ndetected = 0;
 590         struct rcu_node *rnp;
 591         long totqlen = 0;
 592
 593         lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
 594
 595         /* Kick and suppress, if so configured. */
 596         rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
 597         if (rcu_stall_is_suppressed())
 598                 return;
 599
 600         /*
 601          * OK, time to rat on our buddy...
 602          * See Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst for info on how to debug
 603          * RCU CPU stall warnings.
 604          */
 605         trace_rcu_stall_warning(rcu_state.name, TPS("StallDetected"));
 606         pr_err("INFO: %s detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:\n", rcu_state.name);
 607         rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
 608                 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 609                 if (rnp->qsmask != 0) {
 610                         for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu)
 611                                 if (rnp->qsmask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) {
 612                                         print_cpu_stall_info(cpu);
 613                                         ndetected++;
 614                                 }
 615                 }
 616                 ndetected += rcu_print_task_stall(rnp, flags); // Releases rnp->lock.
 617                 lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
 618         }
 619
 620         for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
 621                 totqlen += rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
 622         pr_err("\t(detected by %d, t=%ld jiffies, g=%ld, q=%lu ncpus=%d)\n",
 623                smp_processor_id(), (long)(jiffies - gps),
 624                (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq), totqlen, rcu_state.n_online_cpus);
 625         if (ndetected) {
 626                 rcu_dump_cpu_stacks();
 627
 628                 /* Complain about tasks blocking the grace period. */
 629                 rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp)
 630                         rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(rnp);
 631         } else {
 632                 if (rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq) != gp_seq) {
 633                         pr_err("INFO: Stall ended before state dump start\n");
 634                 } else {
 635                         j = jiffies;
 636                         gpa = data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity));
 637                         pr_err("All QSes seen, last %s kthread activity %ld (%ld-%ld), jiffies_till_next_fqs=%ld, root ->qsmask %#lx\n",
 638                                rcu_state.name, j - gpa, j, gpa,
 639                                data_race(READ_ONCE(jiffies_till_next_fqs)),
 640                                data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_get_root()->qsmask)));
 641                 }
 642         }
 643         /* Rewrite if needed in case of slow consoles. */
 644         if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall)))
 645                 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
 646                            jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3);
 647
 648         rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer();
 649         rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation();
 650
 651         panic_on_rcu_stall();
 652
 653         rcu_force_quiescent_state();  /* Kick them all. */
 654 }
 655
 656 static void print_cpu_stall(unsigned long gps)
 657 {
 658         int cpu;
 659         unsigned long flags;
 660         struct rcu_data *rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
 661         struct rcu_node *rnp = rcu_get_root();
 662         long totqlen = 0;
 663
 664         lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
 665
 666         /* Kick and suppress, if so configured. */
 667         rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
 668         if (rcu_stall_is_suppressed())
 669                 return;
 670
 671         /*
 672          * OK, time to rat on ourselves...
 673          * See Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst for info on how to debug
 674          * RCU CPU stall warnings.
 675          */
 676         trace_rcu_stall_warning(rcu_state.name, TPS("SelfDetected"));
 677         pr_err("INFO: %s self-detected stall on CPU\n", rcu_state.name);
 678         raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
 679         print_cpu_stall_info(smp_processor_id());
 680         raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
 681         for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
 682                 totqlen += rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
 683         pr_err("\t(t=%lu jiffies g=%ld q=%lu ncpus=%d)\n",
 684                 jiffies - gps,
 685                 (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq), totqlen, rcu_state.n_online_cpus);
 686
 687         rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer();
 688         rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation();
 689
 690         rcu_dump_cpu_stacks();
 691
 692         raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 693         /* Rewrite if needed in case of slow consoles. */
 694         if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall)))
 695                 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
 696                            jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3);
 697         raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 698
 699         panic_on_rcu_stall();
 700
 701         /*
 702          * Attempt to revive the RCU machinery by forcing a context switch.
 703          *
 704          * A context switch would normally allow the RCU state machine to make
 705          * progress and it could be we're stuck in kernel space without context
 706          * switches for an entirely unreasonable amount of time.
 707          */
 708         set_tsk_need_resched(current);
 709         set_preempt_need_resched();
 710 }
 711
 712 static void check_cpu_stall(struct rcu_data *rdp)
 713 {
 714         bool didstall = false;
 715         unsigned long gs1;
 716         unsigned long gs2;
 717         unsigned long gps;
 718         unsigned long j;
 719         unsigned long jn;
 720         unsigned long js;
 721         struct rcu_node *rnp;
 722
 723         lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
 724         if ((rcu_stall_is_suppressed() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_kick_kthreads)) ||
 725             !rcu_gp_in_progress())
 726                 return;
 727         rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
 728         j = jiffies;
 729
 730         /*
 731          * Lots of memory barriers to reject false positives.
 732          *
 733          * The idea is to pick up rcu_state.gp_seq, then
 734          * rcu_state.jiffies_stall, then rcu_state.gp_start, and finally
 735          * another copy of rcu_state.gp_seq.  These values are updated in
 736          * the opposite order with memory barriers (or equivalent) during
 737          * grace-period initialization and cleanup.  Now, a false positive
 738          * can occur if we get an new value of rcu_state.gp_start and a old
 739          * value of rcu_state.jiffies_stall.  But given the memory barriers,
 740          * the only way that this can happen is if one grace period ends
 741          * and another starts between these two fetches.  This is detected
 742          * by comparing the second fetch of rcu_state.gp_seq with the
 743          * previous fetch from rcu_state.gp_seq.
 744          *
 745          * Given this check, comparisons of jiffies, rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
 746          * and rcu_state.gp_start suffice to forestall false positives.
 747          */
 748         gs1 = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq);
 749         smp_rmb(); /* Pick up ->gp_seq first... */
 750         js = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall);
 751         smp_rmb(); /* ...then ->jiffies_stall before the rest... */
 752         gps = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start);
 753         smp_rmb(); /* ...and finally ->gp_start before ->gp_seq again. */
 754         gs2 = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq);
 755         if (gs1 != gs2 ||
 756             ULONG_CMP_LT(j, js) ||
 757             ULONG_CMP_GE(gps, js))
 758                 return; /* No stall or GP completed since entering function. */
 759         rnp = rdp->mynode;
 760         jn = jiffies + ULONG_MAX / 2;
 761         if (rcu_gp_in_progress() &&
 762             (READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask) & rdp->grpmask) &&
 763             cmpxchg(&rcu_state.jiffies_stall, js, jn) == js) {
 764
 765                 /*
 766                  * If a virtual machine is stopped by the host it can look to
 767                  * the watchdog like an RCU stall. Check to see if the host
 768                  * stopped the vm.
 769                  */
 770                 if (kvm_check_and_clear_guest_paused())
 771                         return;
 772
 773                 /* We haven't checked in, so go dump stack. */
 774                 print_cpu_stall(gps);
 775                 if (READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_ftrace_dump))
 776                         rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
 777                 didstall = true;
 778
 779         } else if (rcu_gp_in_progress() &&
 780                    ULONG_CMP_GE(j, js + RCU_STALL_RAT_DELAY) &&
 781                    cmpxchg(&rcu_state.jiffies_stall, js, jn) == js) {
 782
 783                 /*
 784                  * If a virtual machine is stopped by the host it can look to
 785                  * the watchdog like an RCU stall. Check to see if the host
 786                  * stopped the vm.
 787                  */
 788                 if (kvm_check_and_clear_guest_paused())
 789                         return;
 790
 791                 /* They had a few time units to dump stack, so complain. */
 792                 print_other_cpu_stall(gs2, gps);
 793                 if (READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_ftrace_dump))
 794                         rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
 795                 didstall = true;
 796         }
 797         if (didstall && READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall) == jn) {
 798                 jn = jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3;
 799                 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, jn);
 800         }
 801 }
 802
 803 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 804 //
 805 // RCU forward-progress mechanisms, including of callback invocation.
 806
 807
 808 /*
 809  * Check to see if a failure to end RCU priority inversion was due to
 810  * a CPU not passing through a quiescent state.  When this happens, there
 811  * is nothing that RCU priority boosting can do to help, so we shouldn't
 812  * count this as an RCU priority boosting failure.  A return of true says
 813  * RCU priority boosting is to blame, and false says otherwise.  If false
 814  * is returned, the first of the CPUs to blame is stored through cpup.
 815  * If there was no CPU blocking the current grace period, but also nothing
 816  * in need of being boosted, *cpup is set to -1.  This can happen in case
 817  * of vCPU preemption while the last CPU is reporting its quiscent state,
 818  * for example.
 819  *
 820  * If cpup is NULL, then a lockless quick check is carried out, suitable
 821  * for high-rate usage.  On the other hand, if cpup is non-NULL, each
 822  * rcu_node structure's ->lock is acquired, ruling out high-rate usage.
 823  */
 824 bool rcu_check_boost_fail(unsigned long gp_state, int *cpup)
 825 {
 826         bool atb = false;
 827         int cpu;
 828         unsigned long flags;
 829         struct rcu_node *rnp;
 830
 831         rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
 832                 if (!cpup) {
 833                         if (data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask))) {
 834                                 return false;
 835                         } else {
 836                                 if (READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks))
 837                                         atb = true;
 838                                 continue;
 839                         }
 840                 }
 841                 *cpup = -1;
 842                 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 843                 if (rnp->gp_tasks)
 844                         atb = true;
 845                 if (!rnp->qsmask) {
 846                         // No CPUs without quiescent states for this rnp.
 847                         raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 848                         continue;
 849                 }
 850                 // Find the first holdout CPU.
 851                 for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
 852                         if (rnp->qsmask & (1UL << (cpu - rnp->grplo))) {
 853                                 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 854                                 *cpup = cpu;
 855                                 return false;
 856                         }
 857                 }
 858                 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 859         }
 860         // Can't blame CPUs, so must blame RCU priority boosting.
 861         return atb;
 862 }
 863 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_check_boost_fail);
 864
 865 /*
 866  * Show the state of the grace-period kthreads.
 867  */
 868 void show_rcu_gp_kthreads(void)
 869 {
 870         unsigned long cbs = 0;
 871         int cpu;
 872         unsigned long j;
 873         unsigned long ja;
 874         unsigned long jr;
 875         unsigned long js;
 876         unsigned long jw;
 877         struct rcu_data *rdp;
 878         struct rcu_node *rnp;
 879         struct task_struct *t = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_kthread);
 880
 881         j = jiffies;
 882         ja = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity));
 883         jr = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity));
 884         js = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start));
 885         jw = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_wake_time));
 886         pr_info("%s: wait state: %s(%d) ->state: %#x ->rt_priority %u delta ->gp_start %lu ->gp_activity %lu ->gp_req_activity %lu ->gp_wake_time %lu ->gp_wake_seq %ld ->gp_seq %ld ->gp_seq_needed %ld ->gp_max %lu ->gp_flags %#x\n",
 887                 rcu_state.name, gp_state_getname(rcu_state.gp_state),
 888                 data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_state)),
 889                 t ? data_race(READ_ONCE(t->__state)) : 0x1ffff, t ? t->rt_priority : 0xffU,
 890                 js, ja, jr, jw, (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_wake_seq)),
 891                 (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq)),
 892                 (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_get_root()->gp_seq_needed)),
 893                 data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_max)),
 894                 data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)));
 895         rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rnp) {
 896                 if (ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq), READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq_needed)) &&
 897                     !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask)) && !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks)) &&
 898                     !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks)) && !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks)))
 899                         continue;
 900                 pr_info("\trcu_node %d:%d ->gp_seq %ld ->gp_seq_needed %ld ->qsmask %#lx %c%c%c%c ->n_boosts %ld\n",
 901                         rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi,
 902                         (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq)),
 903                         (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq_needed)),
 904                         data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask)),
 905                         ".b"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_kthread_task))],
 906                         ".B"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks))],
 907                         ".E"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks))],
 908                         ".G"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks))],
 909                         data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->n_boosts)));
 910                 if (!rcu_is_leaf_node(rnp))
 911                         continue;
 912                 for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
 913                         rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
 914                         if (READ_ONCE(rdp->gpwrap) ||
 915                             ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq),
 916                                          READ_ONCE(rdp->gp_seq_needed)))
 917                                 continue;
 918                         pr_info("\tcpu %d ->gp_seq_needed %ld\n",
 919                                 cpu, (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->gp_seq_needed)));
 920                 }
 921         }
 922         for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
 923                 rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
 924                 cbs += data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->n_cbs_invoked));
 925                 if (rcu_segcblist_is_offloaded(&rdp->cblist))
 926                         show_rcu_nocb_state(rdp);
 927         }
 928         pr_info("RCU callbacks invoked since boot: %lu\n", cbs);
 929         show_rcu_tasks_gp_kthreads();
 930 }
 931 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(show_rcu_gp_kthreads);
 932
 933 /*
 934  * This function checks for grace-period requests that fail to motivate
 935  * RCU to come out of its idle mode.
 936  */
 937 static void rcu_check_gp_start_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, struct rcu_data *rdp,
 938                                      const unsigned long gpssdelay)
 939 {
 940         unsigned long flags;
 941         unsigned long j;
 942         struct rcu_node *rnp_root = rcu_get_root();
 943         static atomic_t warned = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
 944
 945         if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PROVE_RCU) || rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
 946             ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
 947                          READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
 948             !smp_load_acquire(&rcu_state.gp_kthread)) // Get stable kthread.
 949                 return;
 950         j = jiffies; /* Expensive access, and in common case don't get here. */
 951         if (time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
 952             time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
 953             atomic_read(&warned))
 954                 return;
 955
 956         raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 957         j = jiffies;
 958         if (rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
 959             ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
 960                          READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
 961             time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
 962             time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
 963             atomic_read(&warned)) {
 964                 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 965                 return;
 966         }
 967         /* Hold onto the leaf lock to make others see warned==1. */
 968
 969         if (rnp_root != rnp)
 970                 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp_root); /* irqs already disabled. */
 971         j = jiffies;
 972         if (rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
 973             ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
 974                          READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
 975             time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
 976             time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
 977             atomic_xchg(&warned, 1)) {
 978                 if (rnp_root != rnp)
 979                         /* irqs remain disabled. */
 980                         raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp_root);
 981                 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 982                 return;
 983         }
 984         WARN_ON(1);
 985         if (rnp_root != rnp)
 986                 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp_root);
 987         raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
 988         show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
 989 }
 990
 991 /*
 992  * Do a forward-progress check for rcutorture.  This is normally invoked
 993  * due to an OOM event.  The argument "j" gives the time period during
 994  * which rcutorture would like progress to have been made.
 995  */
 996 void rcu_fwd_progress_check(unsigned long j)
 997 {
 998         unsigned long cbs;
 999         int cpu;
1000         unsigned long max_cbs = 0;
1001         int max_cpu = -1;
1002         struct rcu_data *rdp;
1003
1004         if (rcu_gp_in_progress()) {
1005                 pr_info("%s: GP age %lu jiffies\n",
1006                         __func__, jiffies - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start)));
1007                 show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
1008         } else {
1009                 pr_info("%s: Last GP end %lu jiffies ago\n",
1010                         __func__, jiffies - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_end)));
1011                 preempt_disable();
1012                 rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
1013                 rcu_check_gp_start_stall(rdp->mynode, rdp, j);
1014                 preempt_enable();
1015         }
1016         for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
1017                 cbs = rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
1018                 if (!cbs)
1019                         continue;
1020                 if (max_cpu < 0)
1021                         pr_info("%s: callbacks", __func__);
1022                 pr_cont(" %d: %lu", cpu, cbs);
1023                 if (cbs <= max_cbs)
1024                         continue;
1025                 max_cbs = cbs;
1026                 max_cpu = cpu;
1027         }
1028         if (max_cpu >= 0)
1029                 pr_cont("\n");
1030 }
1031 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_fwd_progress_check);
1032
1033 /* Commandeer a sysrq key to dump RCU's tree. */
1034 static bool sysrq_rcu;
1035 module_param(sysrq_rcu, bool, 0444);
1036
1037 /* Dump grace-period-request information due to commandeered sysrq. */
1038 static void sysrq_show_rcu(u8 key)
1039 {
1040         show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
1041 }
1042
1043 static const struct sysrq_key_op sysrq_rcudump_op = {
1044         .handler = sysrq_show_rcu,
1045         .help_msg = "show-rcu(y)",
1046         .action_msg = "Show RCU tree",
1047         .enable_mask = SYSRQ_ENABLE_DUMP,
1048 };
1049
1050 static int __init rcu_sysrq_init(void)
1051 {
1052         if (sysrq_rcu)
1053                 return register_sysrq_key('y', &sysrq_rcudump_op);
1054         return 0;
1055 }
1056 early_initcall(rcu_sysrq_init);