1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
3 #ifndef _KERNEL_PRINTK_RINGBUFFER_H
4 #define _KERNEL_PRINTK_RINGBUFFER_H
6 #include <linux/atomic.h>
7 #include <linux/dev_printk.h>
10 * Meta information about each stored message.
12 * All fields are set by the printk code except for @seq, which is
13 * set by the ringbuffer code.
16 u64 seq; /* sequence number */
17 u64 ts_nsec; /* timestamp in nanoseconds */
18 u16 text_len; /* length of text message */
19 u8 facility; /* syslog facility */
20 u8 flags:5; /* internal record flags */
21 u8 level:3; /* syslog level */
22 u32 caller_id; /* thread id or processor id */
24 struct dev_printk_info dev_info;
28 * A structure providing the buffers, used by writers and readers.
31 * Using prb_rec_init_wr(), a writer sets @text_buf_size before calling
32 * prb_reserve(). On success, prb_reserve() sets @info and @text_buf to
33 * buffers reserved for that writer.
36 * Using prb_rec_init_rd(), a reader sets all fields before calling
37 * prb_read_valid(). Note that the reader provides the @info and @text_buf,
38 * buffers. On success, the struct pointed to by @info will be filled and
39 * the char array pointed to by @text_buf will be filled with text data.
41 struct printk_record {
42 struct printk_info *info;
44 unsigned int text_buf_size;
47 /* Specifies the logical position and span of a data block. */
48 struct prb_data_blk_lpos {
54 * A descriptor: the complete meta-data for a record.
56 * @state_var: A bitwise combination of descriptor ID and descriptor state.
59 atomic_long_t state_var;
60 struct prb_data_blk_lpos text_blk_lpos;
63 /* A ringbuffer of "ID + data" elements. */
64 struct prb_data_ring {
65 unsigned int size_bits;
67 atomic_long_t head_lpos;
68 atomic_long_t tail_lpos;
71 /* A ringbuffer of "struct prb_desc" elements. */
72 struct prb_desc_ring {
73 unsigned int count_bits;
74 struct prb_desc *descs;
75 struct printk_info *infos;
76 atomic_long_t head_id;
77 atomic_long_t tail_id;
78 atomic_long_t last_finalized_id;
82 * The high level structure representing the printk ringbuffer.
84 * @fail: Count of failed prb_reserve() calls where not even a data-less
87 struct printk_ringbuffer {
88 struct prb_desc_ring desc_ring;
89 struct prb_data_ring text_data_ring;
94 * Used by writers as a reserve/commit handle.
96 * @rb: Ringbuffer where the entry is reserved.
97 * @irqflags: Saved irq flags to restore on entry commit.
98 * @id: ID of the reserved descriptor.
99 * @text_space: Total occupied buffer space in the text data ring, including
100 * ID, alignment padding, and wrapping data blocks.
102 * This structure is an opaque handle for writers. Its contents are only
103 * to be used by the ringbuffer implementation.
105 struct prb_reserved_entry {
106 struct printk_ringbuffer *rb;
107 unsigned long irqflags;
109 unsigned int text_space;
112 /* The possible responses of a descriptor state-query. */
114 desc_miss = -1, /* ID mismatch (pseudo state) */
115 desc_reserved = 0x0, /* reserved, in use by writer */
116 desc_committed = 0x1, /* committed by writer, could get reopened */
117 desc_finalized = 0x2, /* committed, no further modification allowed */
118 desc_reusable = 0x3, /* free, not yet used by any writer */
121 #define _DATA_SIZE(sz_bits) (1UL << (sz_bits))
122 #define _DESCS_COUNT(ct_bits) (1U << (ct_bits))
123 #define DESC_SV_BITS (sizeof(unsigned long) * 8)
124 #define DESC_FLAGS_SHIFT (DESC_SV_BITS - 2)
125 #define DESC_FLAGS_MASK (3UL << DESC_FLAGS_SHIFT)
126 #define DESC_STATE(sv) (3UL & (sv >> DESC_FLAGS_SHIFT))
127 #define DESC_SV(id, state) (((unsigned long)state << DESC_FLAGS_SHIFT) | id)
128 #define DESC_ID_MASK (~DESC_FLAGS_MASK)
129 #define DESC_ID(sv) ((sv) & DESC_ID_MASK)
130 #define FAILED_LPOS 0x1
133 #define FAILED_BLK_LPOS \
135 .begin = FAILED_LPOS, \
136 .next = FAILED_LPOS, \
140 * Descriptor Bootstrap
142 * The descriptor array is minimally initialized to allow immediate usage
143 * by readers and writers. The requirements that the descriptor array
144 * initialization must satisfy:
147 * The tail must point to an existing (committed or reusable) descriptor.
148 * This is required by the implementation of prb_first_seq().
151 * Readers must see that the ringbuffer is initially empty.
154 * The first record reserved by a writer is assigned sequence number 0.
156 * To satisfy Req1, the tail initially points to a descriptor that is
157 * minimally initialized (having no data block, i.e. data-less with the
158 * data block's lpos @begin and @next values set to FAILED_LPOS).
160 * To satisfy Req2, the initial tail descriptor is initialized to the
161 * reusable state. Readers recognize reusable descriptors as existing
162 * records, but skip over them.
164 * To satisfy Req3, the last descriptor in the array is used as the initial
165 * head (and tail) descriptor. This allows the first record reserved by a
166 * writer (head + 1) to be the first descriptor in the array. (Only the first
167 * descriptor in the array could have a valid sequence number of 0.)
169 * The first time a descriptor is reserved, it is assigned a sequence number
170 * with the value of the array index. A "first time reserved" descriptor can
171 * be recognized because it has a sequence number of 0 but does not have an
172 * index of 0. (Only the first descriptor in the array could have a valid
173 * sequence number of 0.) After the first reservation, all future reservations
174 * (recycling) simply involve incrementing the sequence number by the array
178 * Only the first descriptor in the array is allowed to have the sequence
179 * number 0. In this case it is not possible to recognize if it is being
180 * reserved the first time (set to index value) or has been reserved
181 * previously (increment by the array count). This is handled by _always_
182 * incrementing the sequence number by the array count when reserving the
183 * first descriptor in the array. In order to satisfy Req3, the sequence
184 * number of the first descriptor in the array is initialized to minus
185 * the array count. Then, upon the first reservation, it is incremented
186 * to 0, thus satisfying Req3.
189 * prb_first_seq() can be called at any time by readers to retrieve the
190 * sequence number of the tail descriptor. However, due to Req2 and Req3,
191 * initially there are no records to report the sequence number of
192 * (sequence numbers are u64 and there is nothing less than 0). To handle
193 * this, the sequence number of the initial tail descriptor is initialized
194 * to 0. Technically this is incorrect, because there is no record with
195 * sequence number 0 (yet) and the tail descriptor is not the first
196 * descriptor in the array. But it allows prb_read_valid() to correctly
197 * report the existence of a record for _any_ given sequence number at all
198 * times. Bootstrapping is complete when the tail is pushed the first
199 * time, thus finally pointing to the first descriptor reserved by a
200 * writer, which has the assigned sequence number 0.
204 * Initiating Logical Value Overflows
206 * Both logical position (lpos) and ID values can be mapped to array indexes
207 * but may experience overflows during the lifetime of the system. To ensure
208 * that printk_ringbuffer can handle the overflows for these types, initial
209 * values are chosen that map to the correct initial array indexes, but will
210 * result in overflows soon.
213 * The initial @head_lpos and @tail_lpos for data rings. It is at index
214 * 0 and the lpos value is such that it will overflow on the first wrap.
217 * The initial @head_id and @tail_id for the desc ring. It is at the last
218 * index of the descriptor array (see Req3 above) and the ID value is such
219 * that it will overflow on the second wrap.
221 #define BLK0_LPOS(sz_bits) (-(_DATA_SIZE(sz_bits)))
222 #define DESC0_ID(ct_bits) DESC_ID(-(_DESCS_COUNT(ct_bits) + 1))
223 #define DESC0_SV(ct_bits) DESC_SV(DESC0_ID(ct_bits), desc_reusable)
226 * Define a ringbuffer with an external text data buffer. The same as
227 * DEFINE_PRINTKRB() but requires specifying an external buffer for the
230 * Note: The specified external buffer must be of the size:
231 * 2 ^ (descbits + avgtextbits)
233 #define _DEFINE_PRINTKRB(name, descbits, avgtextbits, text_buf) \
234 static struct prb_desc _##name##_descs[_DESCS_COUNT(descbits)] = { \
235 /* the initial head and tail */ \
236 [_DESCS_COUNT(descbits) - 1] = { \
238 .state_var = ATOMIC_INIT(DESC0_SV(descbits)), \
239 /* no associated data block */ \
240 .text_blk_lpos = FAILED_BLK_LPOS, \
243 static struct printk_info _##name##_infos[_DESCS_COUNT(descbits)] = { \
244 /* this will be the first record reserved by a writer */ \
246 /* will be incremented to 0 on the first reservation */ \
247 .seq = -(u64)_DESCS_COUNT(descbits), \
249 /* the initial head and tail */ \
250 [_DESCS_COUNT(descbits) - 1] = { \
251 /* reports the first seq value during the bootstrap phase */ \
255 static struct printk_ringbuffer name = { \
257 .count_bits = descbits, \
258 .descs = &_##name##_descs[0], \
259 .infos = &_##name##_infos[0], \
260 .head_id = ATOMIC_INIT(DESC0_ID(descbits)), \
261 .tail_id = ATOMIC_INIT(DESC0_ID(descbits)), \
262 .last_finalized_id = ATOMIC_INIT(DESC0_ID(descbits)), \
264 .text_data_ring = { \
265 .size_bits = (avgtextbits) + (descbits), \
267 .head_lpos = ATOMIC_LONG_INIT(BLK0_LPOS((avgtextbits) + (descbits))), \
268 .tail_lpos = ATOMIC_LONG_INIT(BLK0_LPOS((avgtextbits) + (descbits))), \
270 .fail = ATOMIC_LONG_INIT(0), \
274 * DEFINE_PRINTKRB() - Define a ringbuffer.
276 * @name: The name of the ringbuffer variable.
277 * @descbits: The number of descriptors as a power-of-2 value.
278 * @avgtextbits: The average text data size per record as a power-of-2 value.
280 * This is a macro for defining a ringbuffer and all internal structures
281 * such that it is ready for immediate use. See _DEFINE_PRINTKRB() for a
282 * variant where the text data buffer can be specified externally.
284 #define DEFINE_PRINTKRB(name, descbits, avgtextbits) \
285 static char _##name##_text[1U << ((avgtextbits) + (descbits))] \
286 __aligned(__alignof__(unsigned long)); \
287 _DEFINE_PRINTKRB(name, descbits, avgtextbits, &_##name##_text[0])
289 /* Writer Interface */
292 * prb_rec_init_wr() - Initialize a buffer for writing records.
294 * @r: The record to initialize.
295 * @text_buf_size: The needed text buffer size.
297 static inline void prb_rec_init_wr(struct printk_record *r,
298 unsigned int text_buf_size)
302 r->text_buf_size = text_buf_size;
305 bool prb_reserve(struct prb_reserved_entry *e, struct printk_ringbuffer *rb,
306 struct printk_record *r);
307 bool prb_reserve_in_last(struct prb_reserved_entry *e, struct printk_ringbuffer *rb,
308 struct printk_record *r, u32 caller_id, unsigned int max_size);
309 void prb_commit(struct prb_reserved_entry *e);
310 void prb_final_commit(struct prb_reserved_entry *e);
312 void prb_init(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb,
313 char *text_buf, unsigned int text_buf_size,
314 struct prb_desc *descs, unsigned int descs_count_bits,
315 struct printk_info *infos);
316 unsigned int prb_record_text_space(struct prb_reserved_entry *e);
318 /* Reader Interface */
321 * prb_rec_init_rd() - Initialize a buffer for reading records.
323 * @r: The record to initialize.
324 * @info: A buffer to store record meta-data.
325 * @text_buf: A buffer to store text data.
326 * @text_buf_size: The size of @text_buf.
328 * Initialize all the fields that a reader is interested in. All arguments
329 * (except @r) are optional. Only record data for arguments that are
330 * non-NULL or non-zero will be read.
332 static inline void prb_rec_init_rd(struct printk_record *r,
333 struct printk_info *info,
334 char *text_buf, unsigned int text_buf_size)
337 r->text_buf = text_buf;
338 r->text_buf_size = text_buf_size;
342 * prb_for_each_record() - Iterate over the records of a ringbuffer.
344 * @from: The sequence number to begin with.
345 * @rb: The ringbuffer to iterate over.
346 * @s: A u64 to store the sequence number on each iteration.
347 * @r: A printk_record to store the record on each iteration.
349 * This is a macro for conveniently iterating over a ringbuffer.
350 * Note that @s may not be the sequence number of the record on each
351 * iteration. For the sequence number, @r->info->seq should be checked.
353 * Context: Any context.
355 #define prb_for_each_record(from, rb, s, r) \
356 for ((s) = from; prb_read_valid(rb, s, r); (s) = (r)->info->seq + 1)
359 * prb_for_each_info() - Iterate over the meta data of a ringbuffer.
361 * @from: The sequence number to begin with.
362 * @rb: The ringbuffer to iterate over.
363 * @s: A u64 to store the sequence number on each iteration.
364 * @i: A printk_info to store the record meta data on each iteration.
365 * @lc: An unsigned int to store the text line count of each record.
367 * This is a macro for conveniently iterating over a ringbuffer.
368 * Note that @s may not be the sequence number of the record on each
369 * iteration. For the sequence number, @r->info->seq should be checked.
371 * Context: Any context.
373 #define prb_for_each_info(from, rb, s, i, lc) \
374 for ((s) = from; prb_read_valid_info(rb, s, i, lc); (s) = (i)->seq + 1)
376 bool prb_read_valid(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb, u64 seq,
377 struct printk_record *r);
378 bool prb_read_valid_info(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb, u64 seq,
379 struct printk_info *info, unsigned int *line_count);
381 u64 prb_first_valid_seq(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb);
382 u64 prb_next_seq(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb);
384 #endif /* _KERNEL_PRINTK_RINGBUFFER_H */