1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
9 * 'fork.c' contains the help-routines for the 'fork' system call
10 * (see also entry.S and others).
11 * Fork is rather simple, once you get the hang of it, but the memory
12 * management can be a bitch. See 'mm/memory.c': 'copy_page_range()'
15 #include <linux/anon_inodes.h>
16 #include <linux/slab.h>
17 #include <linux/sched/autogroup.h>
18 #include <linux/sched/mm.h>
19 #include <linux/sched/coredump.h>
20 #include <linux/sched/user.h>
21 #include <linux/sched/numa_balancing.h>
22 #include <linux/sched/stat.h>
23 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
24 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
25 #include <linux/sched/cputime.h>
26 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
27 #include <linux/rtmutex.h>
28 #include <linux/init.h>
29 #include <linux/unistd.h>
30 #include <linux/module.h>
31 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
32 #include <linux/completion.h>
33 #include <linux/personality.h>
34 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
35 #include <linux/sem.h>
36 #include <linux/file.h>
37 #include <linux/fdtable.h>
38 #include <linux/iocontext.h>
39 #include <linux/key.h>
40 #include <linux/binfmts.h>
41 #include <linux/mman.h>
42 #include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
45 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
46 #include <linux/vmacache.h>
47 #include <linux/nsproxy.h>
48 #include <linux/capability.h>
49 #include <linux/cpu.h>
50 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
51 #include <linux/security.h>
52 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
53 #include <linux/seccomp.h>
54 #include <linux/swap.h>
55 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
56 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
57 #include <linux/futex.h>
58 #include <linux/compat.h>
59 #include <linux/kthread.h>
60 #include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
61 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
62 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
63 #include <linux/mount.h>
64 #include <linux/audit.h>
65 #include <linux/memcontrol.h>
66 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
67 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
68 #include <linux/profile.h>
69 #include <linux/rmap.h>
70 #include <linux/ksm.h>
71 #include <linux/acct.h>
72 #include <linux/userfaultfd_k.h>
73 #include <linux/tsacct_kern.h>
74 #include <linux/cn_proc.h>
75 #include <linux/freezer.h>
76 #include <linux/delayacct.h>
77 #include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
78 #include <linux/random.h>
79 #include <linux/tty.h>
80 #include <linux/fs_struct.h>
81 #include <linux/magic.h>
82 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
83 #include <linux/posix-timers.h>
84 #include <linux/user-return-notifier.h>
85 #include <linux/oom.h>
86 #include <linux/khugepaged.h>
87 #include <linux/signalfd.h>
88 #include <linux/uprobes.h>
89 #include <linux/aio.h>
90 #include <linux/compiler.h>
91 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
92 #include <linux/kcov.h>
93 #include <linux/livepatch.h>
94 #include <linux/thread_info.h>
95 #include <linux/stackleak.h>
96 #include <linux/kasan.h>
97 #include <linux/scs.h>
98 #include <linux/io_uring.h>
99 #include <linux/bpf.h>
101 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
102 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
103 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
104 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
105 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
107 #include <trace/events/sched.h>
109 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
110 #include <trace/events/task.h>
113 * Minimum number of threads to boot the kernel
115 #define MIN_THREADS 20
118 * Maximum number of threads
120 #define MAX_THREADS FUTEX_TID_MASK
123 * Protected counters by write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock)
125 unsigned long total_forks; /* Handle normal Linux uptimes. */
126 int nr_threads; /* The idle threads do not count.. */
128 static int max_threads; /* tunable limit on nr_threads */
130 #define NAMED_ARRAY_INDEX(x) [x] = __stringify(x)
132 static const char * const resident_page_types[] = {
133 NAMED_ARRAY_INDEX(MM_FILEPAGES),
134 NAMED_ARRAY_INDEX(MM_ANONPAGES),
135 NAMED_ARRAY_INDEX(MM_SWAPENTS),
136 NAMED_ARRAY_INDEX(MM_SHMEMPAGES),
139 DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, process_counts) = 0;
141 __cacheline_aligned DEFINE_RWLOCK(tasklist_lock); /* outer */
143 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
144 int lockdep_tasklist_lock_is_held(void)
146 return lockdep_is_held(&tasklist_lock);
148 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lockdep_tasklist_lock_is_held);
149 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU */
151 int nr_processes(void)
156 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
157 total += per_cpu(process_counts, cpu);
162 void __weak arch_release_task_struct(struct task_struct *tsk)
166 #ifndef CONFIG_ARCH_TASK_STRUCT_ALLOCATOR
167 static struct kmem_cache *task_struct_cachep;
169 static inline struct task_struct *alloc_task_struct_node(int node)
171 return kmem_cache_alloc_node(task_struct_cachep, GFP_KERNEL, node);
174 static inline void free_task_struct(struct task_struct *tsk)
176 kmem_cache_free(task_struct_cachep, tsk);
180 #ifndef CONFIG_ARCH_THREAD_STACK_ALLOCATOR
183 * Allocate pages if THREAD_SIZE is >= PAGE_SIZE, otherwise use a
184 * kmemcache based allocator.
186 # if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE || defined(CONFIG_VMAP_STACK)
188 #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
190 * vmalloc() is a bit slow, and calling vfree() enough times will force a TLB
191 * flush. Try to minimize the number of calls by caching stacks.
193 #define NR_CACHED_STACKS 2
194 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vm_struct *, cached_stacks[NR_CACHED_STACKS]);
196 static int free_vm_stack_cache(unsigned int cpu)
198 struct vm_struct **cached_vm_stacks = per_cpu_ptr(cached_stacks, cpu);
201 for (i = 0; i < NR_CACHED_STACKS; i++) {
202 struct vm_struct *vm_stack = cached_vm_stacks[i];
207 vfree(vm_stack->addr);
208 cached_vm_stacks[i] = NULL;
215 static unsigned long *alloc_thread_stack_node(struct task_struct *tsk, int node)
217 #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
221 for (i = 0; i < NR_CACHED_STACKS; i++) {
224 s = this_cpu_xchg(cached_stacks[i], NULL);
229 /* Mark stack accessible for KASAN. */
230 kasan_unpoison_range(s->addr, THREAD_SIZE);
232 /* Clear stale pointers from reused stack. */
233 memset(s->addr, 0, THREAD_SIZE);
235 tsk->stack_vm_area = s;
236 tsk->stack = s->addr;
241 * Allocated stacks are cached and later reused by new threads,
242 * so memcg accounting is performed manually on assigning/releasing
243 * stacks to tasks. Drop __GFP_ACCOUNT.
245 stack = __vmalloc_node_range(THREAD_SIZE, THREAD_ALIGN,
246 VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END,
247 THREADINFO_GFP & ~__GFP_ACCOUNT,
249 0, node, __builtin_return_address(0));
252 * We can't call find_vm_area() in interrupt context, and
253 * free_thread_stack() can be called in interrupt context,
254 * so cache the vm_struct.
257 tsk->stack_vm_area = find_vm_area(stack);
262 struct page *page = alloc_pages_node(node, THREADINFO_GFP,
266 tsk->stack = kasan_reset_tag(page_address(page));
273 static inline void free_thread_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
275 #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
276 struct vm_struct *vm = task_stack_vm_area(tsk);
281 for (i = 0; i < THREAD_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE; i++)
282 memcg_kmem_uncharge_page(vm->pages[i], 0);
284 for (i = 0; i < NR_CACHED_STACKS; i++) {
285 if (this_cpu_cmpxchg(cached_stacks[i],
286 NULL, tsk->stack_vm_area) != NULL)
292 vfree_atomic(tsk->stack);
297 __free_pages(virt_to_page(tsk->stack), THREAD_SIZE_ORDER);
300 static struct kmem_cache *thread_stack_cache;
302 static unsigned long *alloc_thread_stack_node(struct task_struct *tsk,
305 unsigned long *stack;
306 stack = kmem_cache_alloc_node(thread_stack_cache, THREADINFO_GFP, node);
307 stack = kasan_reset_tag(stack);
312 static void free_thread_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
314 kmem_cache_free(thread_stack_cache, tsk->stack);
317 void thread_stack_cache_init(void)
319 thread_stack_cache = kmem_cache_create_usercopy("thread_stack",
320 THREAD_SIZE, THREAD_SIZE, 0, 0,
322 BUG_ON(thread_stack_cache == NULL);
327 /* SLAB cache for signal_struct structures (tsk->signal) */
328 static struct kmem_cache *signal_cachep;
330 /* SLAB cache for sighand_struct structures (tsk->sighand) */
331 struct kmem_cache *sighand_cachep;
333 /* SLAB cache for files_struct structures (tsk->files) */
334 struct kmem_cache *files_cachep;
336 /* SLAB cache for fs_struct structures (tsk->fs) */
337 struct kmem_cache *fs_cachep;
339 /* SLAB cache for vm_area_struct structures */
340 static struct kmem_cache *vm_area_cachep;
342 /* SLAB cache for mm_struct structures (tsk->mm) */
343 static struct kmem_cache *mm_cachep;
345 struct vm_area_struct *vm_area_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm)
347 struct vm_area_struct *vma;
349 vma = kmem_cache_alloc(vm_area_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
355 struct vm_area_struct *vm_area_dup(struct vm_area_struct *orig)
357 struct vm_area_struct *new = kmem_cache_alloc(vm_area_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
360 ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(orig->vm_flags);
361 ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(orig->vm_file);
363 * orig->shared.rb may be modified concurrently, but the clone
364 * will be reinitialized.
366 *new = data_race(*orig);
367 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new->anon_vma_chain);
368 new->vm_next = new->vm_prev = NULL;
369 dup_vma_anon_name(orig, new);
374 void vm_area_free(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
376 free_vma_anon_name(vma);
377 kmem_cache_free(vm_area_cachep, vma);
380 static void account_kernel_stack(struct task_struct *tsk, int account)
382 void *stack = task_stack_page(tsk);
383 struct vm_struct *vm = task_stack_vm_area(tsk);
388 for (i = 0; i < THREAD_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE; i++)
389 mod_lruvec_page_state(vm->pages[i], NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB,
390 account * (PAGE_SIZE / 1024));
392 /* All stack pages are in the same node. */
393 mod_lruvec_kmem_state(stack, NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB,
394 account * (THREAD_SIZE / 1024));
398 static int memcg_charge_kernel_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
400 #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
401 struct vm_struct *vm = task_stack_vm_area(tsk);
404 BUILD_BUG_ON(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VMAP_STACK) && PAGE_SIZE % 1024 != 0);
409 BUG_ON(vm->nr_pages != THREAD_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE);
411 for (i = 0; i < THREAD_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE; i++) {
413 * If memcg_kmem_charge_page() fails, page's
414 * memory cgroup pointer is NULL, and
415 * memcg_kmem_uncharge_page() in free_thread_stack()
416 * will ignore this page.
418 ret = memcg_kmem_charge_page(vm->pages[i], GFP_KERNEL,
428 static void release_task_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
430 if (WARN_ON(READ_ONCE(tsk->__state) != TASK_DEAD))
431 return; /* Better to leak the stack than to free prematurely */
433 account_kernel_stack(tsk, -1);
434 free_thread_stack(tsk);
436 #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
437 tsk->stack_vm_area = NULL;
441 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
442 void put_task_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
444 if (refcount_dec_and_test(&tsk->stack_refcount))
445 release_task_stack(tsk);
449 void free_task(struct task_struct *tsk)
451 release_user_cpus_ptr(tsk);
454 #ifndef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
456 * The task is finally done with both the stack and thread_info,
459 release_task_stack(tsk);
462 * If the task had a separate stack allocation, it should be gone
465 WARN_ON_ONCE(refcount_read(&tsk->stack_refcount) != 0);
467 rt_mutex_debug_task_free(tsk);
468 ftrace_graph_exit_task(tsk);
469 arch_release_task_struct(tsk);
470 if (tsk->flags & PF_KTHREAD)
471 free_kthread_struct(tsk);
472 free_task_struct(tsk);
474 EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_task);
476 static void dup_mm_exe_file(struct mm_struct *mm, struct mm_struct *oldmm)
478 struct file *exe_file;
480 exe_file = get_mm_exe_file(oldmm);
481 RCU_INIT_POINTER(mm->exe_file, exe_file);
483 * We depend on the oldmm having properly denied write access to the
486 if (exe_file && deny_write_access(exe_file))
487 pr_warn_once("deny_write_access() failed in %s\n", __func__);
491 static __latent_entropy int dup_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm,
492 struct mm_struct *oldmm)
494 struct vm_area_struct *mpnt, *tmp, *prev, **pprev;
495 struct rb_node **rb_link, *rb_parent;
497 unsigned long charge;
500 uprobe_start_dup_mmap();
501 if (mmap_write_lock_killable(oldmm)) {
503 goto fail_uprobe_end;
505 flush_cache_dup_mm(oldmm);
506 uprobe_dup_mmap(oldmm, mm);
508 * Not linked in yet - no deadlock potential:
510 mmap_write_lock_nested(mm, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
512 /* No ordering required: file already has been exposed. */
513 dup_mm_exe_file(mm, oldmm);
515 mm->total_vm = oldmm->total_vm;
516 mm->data_vm = oldmm->data_vm;
517 mm->exec_vm = oldmm->exec_vm;
518 mm->stack_vm = oldmm->stack_vm;
520 rb_link = &mm->mm_rb.rb_node;
523 retval = ksm_fork(mm, oldmm);
526 retval = khugepaged_fork(mm, oldmm);
531 for (mpnt = oldmm->mmap; mpnt; mpnt = mpnt->vm_next) {
534 if (mpnt->vm_flags & VM_DONTCOPY) {
535 vm_stat_account(mm, mpnt->vm_flags, -vma_pages(mpnt));
540 * Don't duplicate many vmas if we've been oom-killed (for
543 if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
547 if (mpnt->vm_flags & VM_ACCOUNT) {
548 unsigned long len = vma_pages(mpnt);
550 if (security_vm_enough_memory_mm(oldmm, len)) /* sic */
554 tmp = vm_area_dup(mpnt);
557 retval = vma_dup_policy(mpnt, tmp);
559 goto fail_nomem_policy;
561 retval = dup_userfaultfd(tmp, &uf);
563 goto fail_nomem_anon_vma_fork;
564 if (tmp->vm_flags & VM_WIPEONFORK) {
566 * VM_WIPEONFORK gets a clean slate in the child.
567 * Don't prepare anon_vma until fault since we don't
568 * copy page for current vma.
570 tmp->anon_vma = NULL;
571 } else if (anon_vma_fork(tmp, mpnt))
572 goto fail_nomem_anon_vma_fork;
573 tmp->vm_flags &= ~(VM_LOCKED | VM_LOCKONFAULT);
576 struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping;
579 i_mmap_lock_write(mapping);
580 if (tmp->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)
581 mapping_allow_writable(mapping);
582 flush_dcache_mmap_lock(mapping);
583 /* insert tmp into the share list, just after mpnt */
584 vma_interval_tree_insert_after(tmp, mpnt,
586 flush_dcache_mmap_unlock(mapping);
587 i_mmap_unlock_write(mapping);
591 * Clear hugetlb-related page reserves for children. This only
592 * affects MAP_PRIVATE mappings. Faults generated by the child
593 * are not guaranteed to succeed, even if read-only
595 if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(tmp))
596 reset_vma_resv_huge_pages(tmp);
599 * Link in the new vma and copy the page table entries.
602 pprev = &tmp->vm_next;
606 __vma_link_rb(mm, tmp, rb_link, rb_parent);
607 rb_link = &tmp->vm_rb.rb_right;
608 rb_parent = &tmp->vm_rb;
611 if (!(tmp->vm_flags & VM_WIPEONFORK))
612 retval = copy_page_range(tmp, mpnt);
614 if (tmp->vm_ops && tmp->vm_ops->open)
615 tmp->vm_ops->open(tmp);
620 /* a new mm has just been created */
621 retval = arch_dup_mmap(oldmm, mm);
623 mmap_write_unlock(mm);
625 mmap_write_unlock(oldmm);
626 dup_userfaultfd_complete(&uf);
628 uprobe_end_dup_mmap();
630 fail_nomem_anon_vma_fork:
631 mpol_put(vma_policy(tmp));
636 vm_unacct_memory(charge);
640 static inline int mm_alloc_pgd(struct mm_struct *mm)
642 mm->pgd = pgd_alloc(mm);
643 if (unlikely(!mm->pgd))
648 static inline void mm_free_pgd(struct mm_struct *mm)
650 pgd_free(mm, mm->pgd);
653 static int dup_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm, struct mm_struct *oldmm)
655 mmap_write_lock(oldmm);
656 dup_mm_exe_file(mm, oldmm);
657 mmap_write_unlock(oldmm);
660 #define mm_alloc_pgd(mm) (0)
661 #define mm_free_pgd(mm)
662 #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
664 static void check_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
668 BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(ARRAY_SIZE(resident_page_types) != NR_MM_COUNTERS,
669 "Please make sure 'struct resident_page_types[]' is updated as well");
671 for (i = 0; i < NR_MM_COUNTERS; i++) {
672 long x = atomic_long_read(&mm->rss_stat.count[i]);
675 pr_alert("BUG: Bad rss-counter state mm:%p type:%s val:%ld\n",
676 mm, resident_page_types[i], x);
679 if (mm_pgtables_bytes(mm))
680 pr_alert("BUG: non-zero pgtables_bytes on freeing mm: %ld\n",
681 mm_pgtables_bytes(mm));
683 #if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && !USE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCKS
684 VM_BUG_ON_MM(mm->pmd_huge_pte, mm);
688 #define allocate_mm() (kmem_cache_alloc(mm_cachep, GFP_KERNEL))
689 #define free_mm(mm) (kmem_cache_free(mm_cachep, (mm)))
692 * Called when the last reference to the mm
693 * is dropped: either by a lazy thread or by
694 * mmput. Free the page directory and the mm.
696 void __mmdrop(struct mm_struct *mm)
698 BUG_ON(mm == &init_mm);
699 WARN_ON_ONCE(mm == current->mm);
700 WARN_ON_ONCE(mm == current->active_mm);
703 mmu_notifier_subscriptions_destroy(mm);
705 put_user_ns(mm->user_ns);
708 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__mmdrop);
710 static void mmdrop_async_fn(struct work_struct *work)
712 struct mm_struct *mm;
714 mm = container_of(work, struct mm_struct, async_put_work);
718 static void mmdrop_async(struct mm_struct *mm)
720 if (unlikely(atomic_dec_and_test(&mm->mm_count))) {
721 INIT_WORK(&mm->async_put_work, mmdrop_async_fn);
722 schedule_work(&mm->async_put_work);
726 static inline void free_signal_struct(struct signal_struct *sig)
728 taskstats_tgid_free(sig);
729 sched_autogroup_exit(sig);
731 * __mmdrop is not safe to call from softirq context on x86 due to
732 * pgd_dtor so postpone it to the async context
735 mmdrop_async(sig->oom_mm);
736 kmem_cache_free(signal_cachep, sig);
739 static inline void put_signal_struct(struct signal_struct *sig)
741 if (refcount_dec_and_test(&sig->sigcnt))
742 free_signal_struct(sig);
745 void __put_task_struct(struct task_struct *tsk)
747 WARN_ON(!tsk->exit_state);
748 WARN_ON(refcount_read(&tsk->usage));
749 WARN_ON(tsk == current);
753 task_numa_free(tsk, true);
754 security_task_free(tsk);
755 bpf_task_storage_free(tsk);
757 delayacct_tsk_free(tsk);
758 put_signal_struct(tsk->signal);
759 sched_core_free(tsk);
762 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__put_task_struct);
764 void __init __weak arch_task_cache_init(void) { }
769 static void set_max_threads(unsigned int max_threads_suggested)
772 unsigned long nr_pages = totalram_pages();
775 * The number of threads shall be limited such that the thread
776 * structures may only consume a small part of the available memory.
778 if (fls64(nr_pages) + fls64(PAGE_SIZE) > 64)
779 threads = MAX_THREADS;
781 threads = div64_u64((u64) nr_pages * (u64) PAGE_SIZE,
782 (u64) THREAD_SIZE * 8UL);
784 if (threads > max_threads_suggested)
785 threads = max_threads_suggested;
787 max_threads = clamp_t(u64, threads, MIN_THREADS, MAX_THREADS);
790 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANTS_DYNAMIC_TASK_STRUCT
791 /* Initialized by the architecture: */
792 int arch_task_struct_size __read_mostly;
795 #ifndef CONFIG_ARCH_TASK_STRUCT_ALLOCATOR
796 static void task_struct_whitelist(unsigned long *offset, unsigned long *size)
798 /* Fetch thread_struct whitelist for the architecture. */
799 arch_thread_struct_whitelist(offset, size);
802 * Handle zero-sized whitelist or empty thread_struct, otherwise
803 * adjust offset to position of thread_struct in task_struct.
805 if (unlikely(*size == 0))
808 *offset += offsetof(struct task_struct, thread);
810 #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_TASK_STRUCT_ALLOCATOR */
812 void __init fork_init(void)
815 #ifndef CONFIG_ARCH_TASK_STRUCT_ALLOCATOR
816 #ifndef ARCH_MIN_TASKALIGN
817 #define ARCH_MIN_TASKALIGN 0
819 int align = max_t(int, L1_CACHE_BYTES, ARCH_MIN_TASKALIGN);
820 unsigned long useroffset, usersize;
822 /* create a slab on which task_structs can be allocated */
823 task_struct_whitelist(&useroffset, &usersize);
824 task_struct_cachep = kmem_cache_create_usercopy("task_struct",
825 arch_task_struct_size, align,
826 SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT,
827 useroffset, usersize, NULL);
830 /* do the arch specific task caches init */
831 arch_task_cache_init();
833 set_max_threads(MAX_THREADS);
835 init_task.signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur = max_threads/2;
836 init_task.signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_max = max_threads/2;
837 init_task.signal->rlim[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] =
838 init_task.signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NPROC];
840 for (i = 0; i < MAX_PER_NAMESPACE_UCOUNTS; i++)
841 init_user_ns.ucount_max[i] = max_threads/2;
843 set_rlimit_ucount_max(&init_user_ns, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_NPROC, RLIM_INFINITY);
844 set_rlimit_ucount_max(&init_user_ns, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE, RLIM_INFINITY);
845 set_rlimit_ucount_max(&init_user_ns, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, RLIM_INFINITY);
846 set_rlimit_ucount_max(&init_user_ns, UCOUNT_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, RLIM_INFINITY);
848 #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
849 cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_BP_PREPARE_DYN, "fork:vm_stack_cache",
850 NULL, free_vm_stack_cache);
855 lockdep_init_task(&init_task);
859 int __weak arch_dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *dst,
860 struct task_struct *src)
866 void set_task_stack_end_magic(struct task_struct *tsk)
868 unsigned long *stackend;
870 stackend = end_of_stack(tsk);
871 *stackend = STACK_END_MAGIC; /* for overflow detection */
874 static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig, int node)
876 struct task_struct *tsk;
877 unsigned long *stack;
878 struct vm_struct *stack_vm_area __maybe_unused;
881 if (node == NUMA_NO_NODE)
882 node = tsk_fork_get_node(orig);
883 tsk = alloc_task_struct_node(node);
887 stack = alloc_thread_stack_node(tsk, node);
891 if (memcg_charge_kernel_stack(tsk))
894 stack_vm_area = task_stack_vm_area(tsk);
896 err = arch_dup_task_struct(tsk, orig);
899 * arch_dup_task_struct() clobbers the stack-related fields. Make
900 * sure they're properly initialized before using any stack-related
904 #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
905 tsk->stack_vm_area = stack_vm_area;
907 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
908 refcount_set(&tsk->stack_refcount, 1);
914 err = scs_prepare(tsk, node);
918 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
920 * We must handle setting up seccomp filters once we're under
921 * the sighand lock in case orig has changed between now and
922 * then. Until then, filter must be NULL to avoid messing up
923 * the usage counts on the error path calling free_task.
925 tsk->seccomp.filter = NULL;
928 setup_thread_stack(tsk, orig);
929 clear_user_return_notifier(tsk);
930 clear_tsk_need_resched(tsk);
931 set_task_stack_end_magic(tsk);
932 clear_syscall_work_syscall_user_dispatch(tsk);
934 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR
935 tsk->stack_canary = get_random_canary();
937 if (orig->cpus_ptr == &orig->cpus_mask)
938 tsk->cpus_ptr = &tsk->cpus_mask;
939 dup_user_cpus_ptr(tsk, orig, node);
942 * One for the user space visible state that goes away when reaped.
943 * One for the scheduler.
945 refcount_set(&tsk->rcu_users, 2);
946 /* One for the rcu users */
947 refcount_set(&tsk->usage, 1);
948 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IO_TRACE
951 tsk->splice_pipe = NULL;
952 tsk->task_frag.page = NULL;
953 tsk->wake_q.next = NULL;
954 tsk->worker_private = NULL;
956 account_kernel_stack(tsk, 1);
959 kmap_local_fork(tsk);
961 #ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION
965 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP
966 tsk->throttle_queue = NULL;
967 tsk->use_memdelay = 0;
971 tsk->active_memcg = NULL;
976 free_thread_stack(tsk);
978 free_task_struct(tsk);
982 __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(mmlist_lock);
984 static unsigned long default_dump_filter = MMF_DUMP_FILTER_DEFAULT;
986 static int __init coredump_filter_setup(char *s)
988 default_dump_filter =
989 (simple_strtoul(s, NULL, 0) << MMF_DUMP_FILTER_SHIFT) &
990 MMF_DUMP_FILTER_MASK;
994 __setup("coredump_filter=", coredump_filter_setup);
996 #include <linux/init_task.h>
998 static void mm_init_aio(struct mm_struct *mm)
1001 spin_lock_init(&mm->ioctx_lock);
1002 mm->ioctx_table = NULL;
1006 static __always_inline void mm_clear_owner(struct mm_struct *mm,
1007 struct task_struct *p)
1011 WRITE_ONCE(mm->owner, NULL);
1015 static void mm_init_owner(struct mm_struct *mm, struct task_struct *p)
1022 static void mm_init_pasid(struct mm_struct *mm)
1024 #ifdef CONFIG_IOMMU_SUPPORT
1025 mm->pasid = INIT_PASID;
1029 static void mm_init_uprobes_state(struct mm_struct *mm)
1031 #ifdef CONFIG_UPROBES
1032 mm->uprobes_state.xol_area = NULL;
1036 static struct mm_struct *mm_init(struct mm_struct *mm, struct task_struct *p,
1037 struct user_namespace *user_ns)
1040 mm->mm_rb = RB_ROOT;
1041 mm->vmacache_seqnum = 0;
1042 atomic_set(&mm->mm_users, 1);
1043 atomic_set(&mm->mm_count, 1);
1044 seqcount_init(&mm->write_protect_seq);
1046 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mm->mmlist);
1047 mm_pgtables_bytes_init(mm);
1050 atomic64_set(&mm->pinned_vm, 0);
1051 memset(&mm->rss_stat, 0, sizeof(mm->rss_stat));
1052 spin_lock_init(&mm->page_table_lock);
1053 spin_lock_init(&mm->arg_lock);
1054 mm_init_cpumask(mm);
1056 mm_init_owner(mm, p);
1058 RCU_INIT_POINTER(mm->exe_file, NULL);
1059 mmu_notifier_subscriptions_init(mm);
1060 init_tlb_flush_pending(mm);
1061 #if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && !USE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCKS
1062 mm->pmd_huge_pte = NULL;
1064 mm_init_uprobes_state(mm);
1065 hugetlb_count_init(mm);
1068 mm->flags = current->mm->flags & MMF_INIT_MASK;
1069 mm->def_flags = current->mm->def_flags & VM_INIT_DEF_MASK;
1071 mm->flags = default_dump_filter;
1075 if (mm_alloc_pgd(mm))
1078 if (init_new_context(p, mm))
1079 goto fail_nocontext;
1081 mm->user_ns = get_user_ns(user_ns);
1092 * Allocate and initialize an mm_struct.
1094 struct mm_struct *mm_alloc(void)
1096 struct mm_struct *mm;
1102 memset(mm, 0, sizeof(*mm));
1103 return mm_init(mm, current, current_user_ns());
1106 static inline void __mmput(struct mm_struct *mm)
1108 VM_BUG_ON(atomic_read(&mm->mm_users));
1110 uprobe_clear_state(mm);
1113 khugepaged_exit(mm); /* must run before exit_mmap */
1115 mm_put_huge_zero_page(mm);
1116 set_mm_exe_file(mm, NULL);
1117 if (!list_empty(&mm->mmlist)) {
1118 spin_lock(&mmlist_lock);
1119 list_del(&mm->mmlist);
1120 spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
1123 module_put(mm->binfmt->module);
1128 * Decrement the use count and release all resources for an mm.
1130 void mmput(struct mm_struct *mm)
1134 if (atomic_dec_and_test(&mm->mm_users))
1137 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mmput);
1140 static void mmput_async_fn(struct work_struct *work)
1142 struct mm_struct *mm = container_of(work, struct mm_struct,
1148 void mmput_async(struct mm_struct *mm)
1150 if (atomic_dec_and_test(&mm->mm_users)) {
1151 INIT_WORK(&mm->async_put_work, mmput_async_fn);
1152 schedule_work(&mm->async_put_work);
1158 * set_mm_exe_file - change a reference to the mm's executable file
1160 * This changes mm's executable file (shown as symlink /proc/[pid]/exe).
1162 * Main users are mmput() and sys_execve(). Callers prevent concurrent
1163 * invocations: in mmput() nobody alive left, in execve task is single
1166 * Can only fail if new_exe_file != NULL.
1168 int set_mm_exe_file(struct mm_struct *mm, struct file *new_exe_file)
1170 struct file *old_exe_file;
1173 * It is safe to dereference the exe_file without RCU as
1174 * this function is only called if nobody else can access
1175 * this mm -- see comment above for justification.
1177 old_exe_file = rcu_dereference_raw(mm->exe_file);
1181 * We expect the caller (i.e., sys_execve) to already denied
1182 * write access, so this is unlikely to fail.
1184 if (unlikely(deny_write_access(new_exe_file)))
1186 get_file(new_exe_file);
1188 rcu_assign_pointer(mm->exe_file, new_exe_file);
1190 allow_write_access(old_exe_file);
1197 * replace_mm_exe_file - replace a reference to the mm's executable file
1199 * This changes mm's executable file (shown as symlink /proc/[pid]/exe),
1200 * dealing with concurrent invocation and without grabbing the mmap lock in
1203 * Main user is sys_prctl(PR_SET_MM_MAP/EXE_FILE).
1205 int replace_mm_exe_file(struct mm_struct *mm, struct file *new_exe_file)
1207 struct vm_area_struct *vma;
1208 struct file *old_exe_file;
1211 /* Forbid mm->exe_file change if old file still mapped. */
1212 old_exe_file = get_mm_exe_file(mm);
1215 for (vma = mm->mmap; vma && !ret; vma = vma->vm_next) {
1218 if (path_equal(&vma->vm_file->f_path,
1219 &old_exe_file->f_path))
1222 mmap_read_unlock(mm);
1228 /* set the new file, lockless */
1229 ret = deny_write_access(new_exe_file);
1232 get_file(new_exe_file);
1234 old_exe_file = xchg(&mm->exe_file, new_exe_file);
1237 * Don't race with dup_mmap() getting the file and disallowing
1238 * write access while someone might open the file writable.
1241 allow_write_access(old_exe_file);
1243 mmap_read_unlock(mm);
1249 * get_mm_exe_file - acquire a reference to the mm's executable file
1251 * Returns %NULL if mm has no associated executable file.
1252 * User must release file via fput().
1254 struct file *get_mm_exe_file(struct mm_struct *mm)
1256 struct file *exe_file;
1259 exe_file = rcu_dereference(mm->exe_file);
1260 if (exe_file && !get_file_rcu(exe_file))
1267 * get_task_exe_file - acquire a reference to the task's executable file
1269 * Returns %NULL if task's mm (if any) has no associated executable file or
1270 * this is a kernel thread with borrowed mm (see the comment above get_task_mm).
1271 * User must release file via fput().
1273 struct file *get_task_exe_file(struct task_struct *task)
1275 struct file *exe_file = NULL;
1276 struct mm_struct *mm;
1281 if (!(task->flags & PF_KTHREAD))
1282 exe_file = get_mm_exe_file(mm);
1289 * get_task_mm - acquire a reference to the task's mm
1291 * Returns %NULL if the task has no mm. Checks PF_KTHREAD (meaning
1292 * this kernel workthread has transiently adopted a user mm with use_mm,
1293 * to do its AIO) is not set and if so returns a reference to it, after
1294 * bumping up the use count. User must release the mm via mmput()
1295 * after use. Typically used by /proc and ptrace.
1297 struct mm_struct *get_task_mm(struct task_struct *task)
1299 struct mm_struct *mm;
1304 if (task->flags & PF_KTHREAD)
1312 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_task_mm);
1314 struct mm_struct *mm_access(struct task_struct *task, unsigned int mode)
1316 struct mm_struct *mm;
1319 err = down_read_killable(&task->signal->exec_update_lock);
1321 return ERR_PTR(err);
1323 mm = get_task_mm(task);
1324 if (mm && mm != current->mm &&
1325 !ptrace_may_access(task, mode)) {
1327 mm = ERR_PTR(-EACCES);
1329 up_read(&task->signal->exec_update_lock);
1334 static void complete_vfork_done(struct task_struct *tsk)
1336 struct completion *vfork;
1339 vfork = tsk->vfork_done;
1340 if (likely(vfork)) {
1341 tsk->vfork_done = NULL;
1347 static int wait_for_vfork_done(struct task_struct *child,
1348 struct completion *vfork)
1352 freezer_do_not_count();
1353 cgroup_enter_frozen();
1354 killed = wait_for_completion_killable(vfork);
1355 cgroup_leave_frozen(false);
1360 child->vfork_done = NULL;
1364 put_task_struct(child);
1368 /* Please note the differences between mmput and mm_release.
1369 * mmput is called whenever we stop holding onto a mm_struct,
1370 * error success whatever.
1372 * mm_release is called after a mm_struct has been removed
1373 * from the current process.
1375 * This difference is important for error handling, when we
1376 * only half set up a mm_struct for a new process and need to restore
1377 * the old one. Because we mmput the new mm_struct before
1378 * restoring the old one. . .
1379 * Eric Biederman 10 January 1998
1381 static void mm_release(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm)
1383 uprobe_free_utask(tsk);
1385 /* Get rid of any cached register state */
1386 deactivate_mm(tsk, mm);
1389 * Signal userspace if we're not exiting with a core dump
1390 * because we want to leave the value intact for debugging
1393 if (tsk->clear_child_tid) {
1394 if (atomic_read(&mm->mm_users) > 1) {
1396 * We don't check the error code - if userspace has
1397 * not set up a proper pointer then tough luck.
1399 put_user(0, tsk->clear_child_tid);
1400 do_futex(tsk->clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE,
1401 1, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
1403 tsk->clear_child_tid = NULL;
1407 * All done, finally we can wake up parent and return this mm to him.
1408 * Also kthread_stop() uses this completion for synchronization.
1410 if (tsk->vfork_done)
1411 complete_vfork_done(tsk);
1414 void exit_mm_release(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm)
1416 futex_exit_release(tsk);
1417 mm_release(tsk, mm);
1420 void exec_mm_release(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm)
1422 futex_exec_release(tsk);
1423 mm_release(tsk, mm);
1427 * dup_mm() - duplicates an existing mm structure
1428 * @tsk: the task_struct with which the new mm will be associated.
1429 * @oldmm: the mm to duplicate.
1431 * Allocates a new mm structure and duplicates the provided @oldmm structure
1434 * Return: the duplicated mm or NULL on failure.
1436 static struct mm_struct *dup_mm(struct task_struct *tsk,
1437 struct mm_struct *oldmm)
1439 struct mm_struct *mm;
1446 memcpy(mm, oldmm, sizeof(*mm));
1448 if (!mm_init(mm, tsk, mm->user_ns))
1451 err = dup_mmap(mm, oldmm);
1455 mm->hiwater_rss = get_mm_rss(mm);
1456 mm->hiwater_vm = mm->total_vm;
1458 if (mm->binfmt && !try_module_get(mm->binfmt->module))
1464 /* don't put binfmt in mmput, we haven't got module yet */
1466 mm_init_owner(mm, NULL);
1473 static int copy_mm(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
1475 struct mm_struct *mm, *oldmm;
1477 tsk->min_flt = tsk->maj_flt = 0;
1478 tsk->nvcsw = tsk->nivcsw = 0;
1479 #ifdef CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK
1480 tsk->last_switch_count = tsk->nvcsw + tsk->nivcsw;
1481 tsk->last_switch_time = 0;
1485 tsk->active_mm = NULL;
1488 * Are we cloning a kernel thread?
1490 * We need to steal a active VM for that..
1492 oldmm = current->mm;
1496 /* initialize the new vmacache entries */
1497 vmacache_flush(tsk);
1499 if (clone_flags & CLONE_VM) {
1503 mm = dup_mm(tsk, current->mm);
1509 tsk->active_mm = mm;
1513 static int copy_fs(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
1515 struct fs_struct *fs = current->fs;
1516 if (clone_flags & CLONE_FS) {
1517 /* tsk->fs is already what we want */
1518 spin_lock(&fs->lock);
1520 spin_unlock(&fs->lock);
1524 spin_unlock(&fs->lock);
1527 tsk->fs = copy_fs_struct(fs);
1533 static int copy_files(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
1535 struct files_struct *oldf, *newf;
1539 * A background process may not have any files ...
1541 oldf = current->files;
1545 if (clone_flags & CLONE_FILES) {
1546 atomic_inc(&oldf->count);
1550 newf = dup_fd(oldf, NR_OPEN_MAX, &error);
1560 static int copy_sighand(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
1562 struct sighand_struct *sig;
1564 if (clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND) {
1565 refcount_inc(¤t->sighand->count);
1568 sig = kmem_cache_alloc(sighand_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
1569 RCU_INIT_POINTER(tsk->sighand, sig);
1573 refcount_set(&sig->count, 1);
1574 spin_lock_irq(¤t->sighand->siglock);
1575 memcpy(sig->action, current->sighand->action, sizeof(sig->action));
1576 spin_unlock_irq(¤t->sighand->siglock);
1578 /* Reset all signal handler not set to SIG_IGN to SIG_DFL. */
1579 if (clone_flags & CLONE_CLEAR_SIGHAND)
1580 flush_signal_handlers(tsk, 0);
1585 void __cleanup_sighand(struct sighand_struct *sighand)
1587 if (refcount_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {
1588 signalfd_cleanup(sighand);
1590 * sighand_cachep is SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU so we can free it
1591 * without an RCU grace period, see __lock_task_sighand().
1593 kmem_cache_free(sighand_cachep, sighand);
1598 * Initialize POSIX timer handling for a thread group.
1600 static void posix_cpu_timers_init_group(struct signal_struct *sig)
1602 struct posix_cputimers *pct = &sig->posix_cputimers;
1603 unsigned long cpu_limit;
1605 cpu_limit = READ_ONCE(sig->rlim[RLIMIT_CPU].rlim_cur);
1606 posix_cputimers_group_init(pct, cpu_limit);
1609 static int copy_signal(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
1611 struct signal_struct *sig;
1613 if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD)
1616 sig = kmem_cache_zalloc(signal_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
1621 sig->nr_threads = 1;
1622 atomic_set(&sig->live, 1);
1623 refcount_set(&sig->sigcnt, 1);
1625 /* list_add(thread_node, thread_head) without INIT_LIST_HEAD() */
1626 sig->thread_head = (struct list_head)LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk->thread_node);
1627 tsk->thread_node = (struct list_head)LIST_HEAD_INIT(sig->thread_head);
1629 init_waitqueue_head(&sig->wait_chldexit);
1630 sig->curr_target = tsk;
1631 init_sigpending(&sig->shared_pending);
1632 INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&sig->multiprocess);
1633 seqlock_init(&sig->stats_lock);
1634 prev_cputime_init(&sig->prev_cputime);
1636 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX_TIMERS
1637 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sig->posix_timers);
1638 hrtimer_init(&sig->real_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
1639 sig->real_timer.function = it_real_fn;
1642 task_lock(current->group_leader);
1643 memcpy(sig->rlim, current->signal->rlim, sizeof sig->rlim);
1644 task_unlock(current->group_leader);
1646 posix_cpu_timers_init_group(sig);
1648 tty_audit_fork(sig);
1649 sched_autogroup_fork(sig);
1651 sig->oom_score_adj = current->signal->oom_score_adj;
1652 sig->oom_score_adj_min = current->signal->oom_score_adj_min;
1654 mutex_init(&sig->cred_guard_mutex);
1655 init_rwsem(&sig->exec_update_lock);
1660 static void copy_seccomp(struct task_struct *p)
1662 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
1664 * Must be called with sighand->lock held, which is common to
1665 * all threads in the group. Holding cred_guard_mutex is not
1666 * needed because this new task is not yet running and cannot
1669 assert_spin_locked(¤t->sighand->siglock);
1671 /* Ref-count the new filter user, and assign it. */
1672 get_seccomp_filter(current);
1673 p->seccomp = current->seccomp;
1676 * Explicitly enable no_new_privs here in case it got set
1677 * between the task_struct being duplicated and holding the
1678 * sighand lock. The seccomp state and nnp must be in sync.
1680 if (task_no_new_privs(current))
1681 task_set_no_new_privs(p);
1684 * If the parent gained a seccomp mode after copying thread
1685 * flags and between before we held the sighand lock, we have
1686 * to manually enable the seccomp thread flag here.
1688 if (p->seccomp.mode != SECCOMP_MODE_DISABLED)
1689 set_task_syscall_work(p, SECCOMP);
1693 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(set_tid_address, int __user *, tidptr)
1695 current->clear_child_tid = tidptr;
1697 return task_pid_vnr(current);
1700 static void rt_mutex_init_task(struct task_struct *p)
1702 raw_spin_lock_init(&p->pi_lock);
1703 #ifdef CONFIG_RT_MUTEXES
1704 p->pi_waiters = RB_ROOT_CACHED;
1705 p->pi_top_task = NULL;
1706 p->pi_blocked_on = NULL;
1710 static inline void init_task_pid_links(struct task_struct *task)
1714 for (type = PIDTYPE_PID; type < PIDTYPE_MAX; ++type)
1715 INIT_HLIST_NODE(&task->pid_links[type]);
1719 init_task_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type, struct pid *pid)
1721 if (type == PIDTYPE_PID)
1722 task->thread_pid = pid;
1724 task->signal->pids[type] = pid;
1727 static inline void rcu_copy_process(struct task_struct *p)
1729 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU
1730 p->rcu_read_lock_nesting = 0;
1731 p->rcu_read_unlock_special.s = 0;
1732 p->rcu_blocked_node = NULL;
1733 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->rcu_node_entry);
1734 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
1735 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
1736 p->rcu_tasks_holdout = false;
1737 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->rcu_tasks_holdout_list);
1738 p->rcu_tasks_idle_cpu = -1;
1739 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU */
1740 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
1741 p->trc_reader_nesting = 0;
1742 p->trc_reader_special.s = 0;
1743 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->trc_holdout_list);
1744 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU */
1747 struct pid *pidfd_pid(const struct file *file)
1749 if (file->f_op == &pidfd_fops)
1750 return file->private_data;
1752 return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
1755 static int pidfd_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
1757 struct pid *pid = file->private_data;
1759 file->private_data = NULL;
1764 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
1766 * pidfd_show_fdinfo - print information about a pidfd
1767 * @m: proc fdinfo file
1768 * @f: file referencing a pidfd
1771 * This function will print the pid that a given pidfd refers to in the
1772 * pid namespace of the procfs instance.
1773 * If the pid namespace of the process is not a descendant of the pid
1774 * namespace of the procfs instance 0 will be shown as its pid. This is
1775 * similar to calling getppid() on a process whose parent is outside of
1776 * its pid namespace.
1779 * If pid namespaces are supported then this function will also print
1780 * the pid of a given pidfd refers to for all descendant pid namespaces
1781 * starting from the current pid namespace of the instance, i.e. the
1782 * Pid field and the first entry in the NSpid field will be identical.
1783 * If the pid namespace of the process is not a descendant of the pid
1784 * namespace of the procfs instance 0 will be shown as its first NSpid
1785 * entry and no others will be shown.
1786 * Note that this differs from the Pid and NSpid fields in
1787 * /proc/<pid>/status where Pid and NSpid are always shown relative to
1788 * the pid namespace of the procfs instance. The difference becomes
1789 * obvious when sending around a pidfd between pid namespaces from a
1790 * different branch of the tree, i.e. where no ancestral relation is
1791 * present between the pid namespaces:
1792 * - create two new pid namespaces ns1 and ns2 in the initial pid
1793 * namespace (also take care to create new mount namespaces in the
1794 * new pid namespace and mount procfs)
1795 * - create a process with a pidfd in ns1
1796 * - send pidfd from ns1 to ns2
1797 * - read /proc/self/fdinfo/<pidfd> and observe that both Pid and NSpid
1798 * have exactly one entry, which is 0
1800 static void pidfd_show_fdinfo(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f)
1802 struct pid *pid = f->private_data;
1803 struct pid_namespace *ns;
1806 if (likely(pid_has_task(pid, PIDTYPE_PID))) {
1807 ns = proc_pid_ns(file_inode(m->file)->i_sb);
1808 nr = pid_nr_ns(pid, ns);
1811 seq_put_decimal_ll(m, "Pid:\t", nr);
1813 #ifdef CONFIG_PID_NS
1814 seq_put_decimal_ll(m, "\nNSpid:\t", nr);
1818 /* If nr is non-zero it means that 'pid' is valid and that
1819 * ns, i.e. the pid namespace associated with the procfs
1820 * instance, is in the pid namespace hierarchy of pid.
1821 * Start at one below the already printed level.
1823 for (i = ns->level + 1; i <= pid->level; i++)
1824 seq_put_decimal_ll(m, "\t", pid->numbers[i].nr);
1832 * Poll support for process exit notification.
1834 static __poll_t pidfd_poll(struct file *file, struct poll_table_struct *pts)
1836 struct pid *pid = file->private_data;
1837 __poll_t poll_flags = 0;
1839 poll_wait(file, &pid->wait_pidfd, pts);
1842 * Inform pollers only when the whole thread group exits.
1843 * If the thread group leader exits before all other threads in the
1844 * group, then poll(2) should block, similar to the wait(2) family.
1846 if (thread_group_exited(pid))
1847 poll_flags = EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;
1852 const struct file_operations pidfd_fops = {
1853 .release = pidfd_release,
1855 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
1856 .show_fdinfo = pidfd_show_fdinfo,
1860 static void __delayed_free_task(struct rcu_head *rhp)
1862 struct task_struct *tsk = container_of(rhp, struct task_struct, rcu);
1867 static __always_inline void delayed_free_task(struct task_struct *tsk)
1869 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MEMCG))
1870 call_rcu(&tsk->rcu, __delayed_free_task);
1875 static void copy_oom_score_adj(u64 clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
1877 /* Skip if kernel thread */
1881 /* Skip if spawning a thread or using vfork */
1882 if ((clone_flags & (CLONE_VM | CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_VFORK)) != CLONE_VM)
1885 /* We need to synchronize with __set_oom_adj */
1886 mutex_lock(&oom_adj_mutex);
1887 set_bit(MMF_MULTIPROCESS, &tsk->mm->flags);
1888 /* Update the values in case they were changed after copy_signal */
1889 tsk->signal->oom_score_adj = current->signal->oom_score_adj;
1890 tsk->signal->oom_score_adj_min = current->signal->oom_score_adj_min;
1891 mutex_unlock(&oom_adj_mutex);
1895 * This creates a new process as a copy of the old one,
1896 * but does not actually start it yet.
1898 * It copies the registers, and all the appropriate
1899 * parts of the process environment (as per the clone
1900 * flags). The actual kick-off is left to the caller.
1902 static __latent_entropy struct task_struct *copy_process(
1906 struct kernel_clone_args *args)
1908 int pidfd = -1, retval;
1909 struct task_struct *p;
1910 struct multiprocess_signals delayed;
1911 struct file *pidfile = NULL;
1912 u64 clone_flags = args->flags;
1913 struct nsproxy *nsp = current->nsproxy;
1916 * Don't allow sharing the root directory with processes in a different
1919 if ((clone_flags & (CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_FS)) == (CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_FS))
1920 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
1922 if ((clone_flags & (CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_FS)) == (CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_FS))
1923 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
1926 * Thread groups must share signals as well, and detached threads
1927 * can only be started up within the thread group.
1929 if ((clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD) && !(clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND))
1930 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
1933 * Shared signal handlers imply shared VM. By way of the above,
1934 * thread groups also imply shared VM. Blocking this case allows
1935 * for various simplifications in other code.
1937 if ((clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND) && !(clone_flags & CLONE_VM))
1938 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
1941 * Siblings of global init remain as zombies on exit since they are
1942 * not reaped by their parent (swapper). To solve this and to avoid
1943 * multi-rooted process trees, prevent global and container-inits
1944 * from creating siblings.
1946 if ((clone_flags & CLONE_PARENT) &&
1947 current->signal->flags & SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE)
1948 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
1951 * If the new process will be in a different pid or user namespace
1952 * do not allow it to share a thread group with the forking task.
1954 if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD) {
1955 if ((clone_flags & (CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWPID)) ||
1956 (task_active_pid_ns(current) != nsp->pid_ns_for_children))
1957 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
1961 * If the new process will be in a different time namespace
1962 * do not allow it to share VM or a thread group with the forking task.
1964 if (clone_flags & (CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_VM)) {
1965 if (nsp->time_ns != nsp->time_ns_for_children)
1966 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
1969 if (clone_flags & CLONE_PIDFD) {
1971 * - CLONE_DETACHED is blocked so that we can potentially
1972 * reuse it later for CLONE_PIDFD.
1973 * - CLONE_THREAD is blocked until someone really needs it.
1975 if (clone_flags & (CLONE_DETACHED | CLONE_THREAD))
1976 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
1980 * Force any signals received before this point to be delivered
1981 * before the fork happens. Collect up signals sent to multiple
1982 * processes that happen during the fork and delay them so that
1983 * they appear to happen after the fork.
1985 sigemptyset(&delayed.signal);
1986 INIT_HLIST_NODE(&delayed.node);
1988 spin_lock_irq(¤t->sighand->siglock);
1989 if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD))
1990 hlist_add_head(&delayed.node, ¤t->signal->multiprocess);
1991 recalc_sigpending();
1992 spin_unlock_irq(¤t->sighand->siglock);
1993 retval = -ERESTARTNOINTR;
1994 if (task_sigpending(current))
1998 p = dup_task_struct(current, node);
2001 if (args->io_thread) {
2003 * Mark us an IO worker, and block any signal that isn't
2006 p->flags |= PF_IO_WORKER;
2007 siginitsetinv(&p->blocked, sigmask(SIGKILL)|sigmask(SIGSTOP));
2010 p->set_child_tid = (clone_flags & CLONE_CHILD_SETTID) ? args->child_tid : NULL;
2012 * Clear TID on mm_release()?
2014 p->clear_child_tid = (clone_flags & CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID) ? args->child_tid : NULL;
2016 ftrace_graph_init_task(p);
2018 rt_mutex_init_task(p);
2020 lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();
2021 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
2022 DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!p->softirqs_enabled);
2025 if (is_ucounts_overlimit(task_ucounts(p), UCOUNT_RLIMIT_NPROC, rlimit(RLIMIT_NPROC))) {
2026 if (p->real_cred->user != INIT_USER &&
2027 !capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
2030 current->flags &= ~PF_NPROC_EXCEEDED;
2032 retval = copy_creds(p, clone_flags);
2037 * If multiple threads are within copy_process(), then this check
2038 * triggers too late. This doesn't hurt, the check is only there
2039 * to stop root fork bombs.
2042 if (data_race(nr_threads >= max_threads))
2043 goto bad_fork_cleanup_count;
2045 delayacct_tsk_init(p); /* Must remain after dup_task_struct() */
2046 p->flags &= ~(PF_SUPERPRIV | PF_WQ_WORKER | PF_IDLE | PF_NO_SETAFFINITY);
2047 p->flags |= PF_FORKNOEXEC;
2048 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->children);
2049 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->sibling);
2050 rcu_copy_process(p);
2051 p->vfork_done = NULL;
2052 spin_lock_init(&p->alloc_lock);
2054 init_sigpending(&p->pending);
2056 p->utime = p->stime = p->gtime = 0;
2057 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_SCALED_CPUTIME
2058 p->utimescaled = p->stimescaled = 0;
2060 prev_cputime_init(&p->prev_cputime);
2062 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN
2063 seqcount_init(&p->vtime.seqcount);
2064 p->vtime.starttime = 0;
2065 p->vtime.state = VTIME_INACTIVE;
2068 #ifdef CONFIG_IO_URING
2072 #if defined(SPLIT_RSS_COUNTING)
2073 memset(&p->rss_stat, 0, sizeof(p->rss_stat));
2076 p->default_timer_slack_ns = current->timer_slack_ns;
2082 task_io_accounting_init(&p->ioac);
2083 acct_clear_integrals(p);
2085 posix_cputimers_init(&p->posix_cputimers);
2087 p->io_context = NULL;
2088 audit_set_context(p, NULL);
2090 if (p->flags & PF_KTHREAD) {
2091 if (!set_kthread_struct(p))
2092 goto bad_fork_cleanup_delayacct;
2095 p->mempolicy = mpol_dup(p->mempolicy);
2096 if (IS_ERR(p->mempolicy)) {
2097 retval = PTR_ERR(p->mempolicy);
2098 p->mempolicy = NULL;
2099 goto bad_fork_cleanup_delayacct;
2102 #ifdef CONFIG_CPUSETS
2103 p->cpuset_mem_spread_rotor = NUMA_NO_NODE;
2104 p->cpuset_slab_spread_rotor = NUMA_NO_NODE;
2105 seqcount_spinlock_init(&p->mems_allowed_seq, &p->alloc_lock);
2107 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
2108 memset(&p->irqtrace, 0, sizeof(p->irqtrace));
2109 p->irqtrace.hardirq_disable_ip = _THIS_IP_;
2110 p->irqtrace.softirq_enable_ip = _THIS_IP_;
2111 p->softirqs_enabled = 1;
2112 p->softirq_context = 0;
2115 p->pagefault_disabled = 0;
2117 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
2118 lockdep_init_task(p);
2121 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
2122 p->blocked_on = NULL; /* not blocked yet */
2124 #ifdef CONFIG_BCACHE
2125 p->sequential_io = 0;
2126 p->sequential_io_avg = 0;
2128 #ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
2129 RCU_INIT_POINTER(p->bpf_storage, NULL);
2133 /* Perform scheduler related setup. Assign this task to a CPU. */
2134 retval = sched_fork(clone_flags, p);
2136 goto bad_fork_cleanup_policy;
2138 retval = perf_event_init_task(p, clone_flags);
2140 goto bad_fork_cleanup_policy;
2141 retval = audit_alloc(p);
2143 goto bad_fork_cleanup_perf;
2144 /* copy all the process information */
2146 retval = security_task_alloc(p, clone_flags);
2148 goto bad_fork_cleanup_audit;
2149 retval = copy_semundo(clone_flags, p);
2151 goto bad_fork_cleanup_security;
2152 retval = copy_files(clone_flags, p);
2154 goto bad_fork_cleanup_semundo;
2155 retval = copy_fs(clone_flags, p);
2157 goto bad_fork_cleanup_files;
2158 retval = copy_sighand(clone_flags, p);
2160 goto bad_fork_cleanup_fs;
2161 retval = copy_signal(clone_flags, p);
2163 goto bad_fork_cleanup_sighand;
2164 retval = copy_mm(clone_flags, p);
2166 goto bad_fork_cleanup_signal;
2167 retval = copy_namespaces(clone_flags, p);
2169 goto bad_fork_cleanup_mm;
2170 retval = copy_io(clone_flags, p);
2172 goto bad_fork_cleanup_namespaces;
2173 retval = copy_thread(clone_flags, args->stack, args->stack_size, p, args->tls);
2175 goto bad_fork_cleanup_io;
2177 stackleak_task_init(p);
2179 if (pid != &init_struct_pid) {
2180 pid = alloc_pid(p->nsproxy->pid_ns_for_children, args->set_tid,
2181 args->set_tid_size);
2183 retval = PTR_ERR(pid);
2184 goto bad_fork_cleanup_thread;
2189 * This has to happen after we've potentially unshared the file
2190 * descriptor table (so that the pidfd doesn't leak into the child
2191 * if the fd table isn't shared).
2193 if (clone_flags & CLONE_PIDFD) {
2194 retval = get_unused_fd_flags(O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
2196 goto bad_fork_free_pid;
2200 pidfile = anon_inode_getfile("[pidfd]", &pidfd_fops, pid,
2201 O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
2202 if (IS_ERR(pidfile)) {
2203 put_unused_fd(pidfd);
2204 retval = PTR_ERR(pidfile);
2205 goto bad_fork_free_pid;
2207 get_pid(pid); /* held by pidfile now */
2209 retval = put_user(pidfd, args->pidfd);
2211 goto bad_fork_put_pidfd;
2220 * sigaltstack should be cleared when sharing the same VM
2222 if ((clone_flags & (CLONE_VM|CLONE_VFORK)) == CLONE_VM)
2226 * Syscall tracing and stepping should be turned off in the
2227 * child regardless of CLONE_PTRACE.
2229 user_disable_single_step(p);
2230 clear_task_syscall_work(p, SYSCALL_TRACE);
2231 #if defined(CONFIG_GENERIC_ENTRY) || defined(TIF_SYSCALL_EMU)
2232 clear_task_syscall_work(p, SYSCALL_EMU);
2234 clear_tsk_latency_tracing(p);
2236 /* ok, now we should be set up.. */
2237 p->pid = pid_nr(pid);
2238 if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD) {
2239 p->group_leader = current->group_leader;
2240 p->tgid = current->tgid;
2242 p->group_leader = p;
2247 p->nr_dirtied_pause = 128 >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
2248 p->dirty_paused_when = 0;
2250 p->pdeath_signal = 0;
2251 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->thread_group);
2252 p->task_works = NULL;
2253 clear_posix_cputimers_work(p);
2255 #ifdef CONFIG_KRETPROBES
2256 p->kretprobe_instances.first = NULL;
2260 * Ensure that the cgroup subsystem policies allow the new process to be
2261 * forked. It should be noted that the new process's css_set can be changed
2262 * between here and cgroup_post_fork() if an organisation operation is in
2265 retval = cgroup_can_fork(p, args);
2267 goto bad_fork_put_pidfd;
2270 * From this point on we must avoid any synchronous user-space
2271 * communication until we take the tasklist-lock. In particular, we do
2272 * not want user-space to be able to predict the process start-time by
2273 * stalling fork(2) after we recorded the start_time but before it is
2274 * visible to the system.
2277 p->start_time = ktime_get_ns();
2278 p->start_boottime = ktime_get_boottime_ns();
2281 * Make it visible to the rest of the system, but dont wake it up yet.
2282 * Need tasklist lock for parent etc handling!
2284 write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
2286 /* CLONE_PARENT re-uses the old parent */
2287 if (clone_flags & (CLONE_PARENT|CLONE_THREAD)) {
2288 p->real_parent = current->real_parent;
2289 p->parent_exec_id = current->parent_exec_id;
2290 if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD)
2291 p->exit_signal = -1;
2293 p->exit_signal = current->group_leader->exit_signal;
2295 p->real_parent = current;
2296 p->parent_exec_id = current->self_exec_id;
2297 p->exit_signal = args->exit_signal;
2300 klp_copy_process(p);
2304 spin_lock(¤t->sighand->siglock);
2307 * Copy seccomp details explicitly here, in case they were changed
2308 * before holding sighand lock.
2312 rseq_fork(p, clone_flags);
2314 /* Don't start children in a dying pid namespace */
2315 if (unlikely(!(ns_of_pid(pid)->pid_allocated & PIDNS_ADDING))) {
2317 goto bad_fork_cancel_cgroup;
2320 /* Let kill terminate clone/fork in the middle */
2321 if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
2323 goto bad_fork_cancel_cgroup;
2326 /* past the last point of failure */
2328 fd_install(pidfd, pidfile);
2330 init_task_pid_links(p);
2331 if (likely(p->pid)) {
2332 ptrace_init_task(p, (clone_flags & CLONE_PTRACE) || trace);
2334 init_task_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PID, pid);
2335 if (thread_group_leader(p)) {
2336 init_task_pid(p, PIDTYPE_TGID, pid);
2337 init_task_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PGID, task_pgrp(current));
2338 init_task_pid(p, PIDTYPE_SID, task_session(current));
2340 if (is_child_reaper(pid)) {
2341 ns_of_pid(pid)->child_reaper = p;
2342 p->signal->flags |= SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE;
2344 p->signal->shared_pending.signal = delayed.signal;
2345 p->signal->tty = tty_kref_get(current->signal->tty);
2347 * Inherit has_child_subreaper flag under the same
2348 * tasklist_lock with adding child to the process tree
2349 * for propagate_has_child_subreaper optimization.
2351 p->signal->has_child_subreaper = p->real_parent->signal->has_child_subreaper ||
2352 p->real_parent->signal->is_child_subreaper;
2353 list_add_tail(&p->sibling, &p->real_parent->children);
2354 list_add_tail_rcu(&p->tasks, &init_task.tasks);
2355 attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_TGID);
2356 attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PGID);
2357 attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_SID);
2358 __this_cpu_inc(process_counts);
2360 current->signal->nr_threads++;
2361 atomic_inc(¤t->signal->live);
2362 refcount_inc(¤t->signal->sigcnt);
2363 task_join_group_stop(p);
2364 list_add_tail_rcu(&p->thread_group,
2365 &p->group_leader->thread_group);
2366 list_add_tail_rcu(&p->thread_node,
2367 &p->signal->thread_head);
2369 attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PID);
2373 hlist_del_init(&delayed.node);
2374 spin_unlock(¤t->sighand->siglock);
2375 syscall_tracepoint_update(p);
2376 write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
2378 proc_fork_connector(p);
2379 sched_post_fork(p, args);
2380 cgroup_post_fork(p, args);
2383 trace_task_newtask(p, clone_flags);
2384 uprobe_copy_process(p, clone_flags);
2386 copy_oom_score_adj(clone_flags, p);
2390 bad_fork_cancel_cgroup:
2392 spin_unlock(¤t->sighand->siglock);
2393 write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
2394 cgroup_cancel_fork(p, args);
2396 if (clone_flags & CLONE_PIDFD) {
2398 put_unused_fd(pidfd);
2401 if (pid != &init_struct_pid)
2403 bad_fork_cleanup_thread:
2405 bad_fork_cleanup_io:
2408 bad_fork_cleanup_namespaces:
2409 exit_task_namespaces(p);
2410 bad_fork_cleanup_mm:
2412 mm_clear_owner(p->mm, p);
2415 bad_fork_cleanup_signal:
2416 if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD))
2417 free_signal_struct(p->signal);
2418 bad_fork_cleanup_sighand:
2419 __cleanup_sighand(p->sighand);
2420 bad_fork_cleanup_fs:
2421 exit_fs(p); /* blocking */
2422 bad_fork_cleanup_files:
2423 exit_files(p); /* blocking */
2424 bad_fork_cleanup_semundo:
2426 bad_fork_cleanup_security:
2427 security_task_free(p);
2428 bad_fork_cleanup_audit:
2430 bad_fork_cleanup_perf:
2431 perf_event_free_task(p);
2432 bad_fork_cleanup_policy:
2433 lockdep_free_task(p);
2435 mpol_put(p->mempolicy);
2437 bad_fork_cleanup_delayacct:
2438 delayacct_tsk_free(p);
2439 bad_fork_cleanup_count:
2440 dec_rlimit_ucounts(task_ucounts(p), UCOUNT_RLIMIT_NPROC, 1);
2443 WRITE_ONCE(p->__state, TASK_DEAD);
2445 delayed_free_task(p);
2447 spin_lock_irq(¤t->sighand->siglock);
2448 hlist_del_init(&delayed.node);
2449 spin_unlock_irq(¤t->sighand->siglock);
2450 return ERR_PTR(retval);
2453 static inline void init_idle_pids(struct task_struct *idle)
2457 for (type = PIDTYPE_PID; type < PIDTYPE_MAX; ++type) {
2458 INIT_HLIST_NODE(&idle->pid_links[type]); /* not really needed */
2459 init_task_pid(idle, type, &init_struct_pid);
2463 struct task_struct * __init fork_idle(int cpu)
2465 struct task_struct *task;
2466 struct kernel_clone_args args = {
2470 task = copy_process(&init_struct_pid, 0, cpu_to_node(cpu), &args);
2471 if (!IS_ERR(task)) {
2472 init_idle_pids(task);
2473 init_idle(task, cpu);
2479 struct mm_struct *copy_init_mm(void)
2481 return dup_mm(NULL, &init_mm);
2485 * This is like kernel_clone(), but shaved down and tailored to just
2486 * creating io_uring workers. It returns a created task, or an error pointer.
2487 * The returned task is inactive, and the caller must fire it up through
2488 * wake_up_new_task(p). All signals are blocked in the created task.
2490 struct task_struct *create_io_thread(int (*fn)(void *), void *arg, int node)
2492 unsigned long flags = CLONE_FS|CLONE_FILES|CLONE_SIGHAND|CLONE_THREAD|
2494 struct kernel_clone_args args = {
2495 .flags = ((lower_32_bits(flags) | CLONE_VM |
2496 CLONE_UNTRACED) & ~CSIGNAL),
2497 .exit_signal = (lower_32_bits(flags) & CSIGNAL),
2498 .stack = (unsigned long)fn,
2499 .stack_size = (unsigned long)arg,
2503 return copy_process(NULL, 0, node, &args);
2507 * Ok, this is the main fork-routine.
2509 * It copies the process, and if successful kick-starts
2510 * it and waits for it to finish using the VM if required.
2512 * args->exit_signal is expected to be checked for sanity by the caller.
2514 pid_t kernel_clone(struct kernel_clone_args *args)
2516 u64 clone_flags = args->flags;
2517 struct completion vfork;
2519 struct task_struct *p;
2524 * For legacy clone() calls, CLONE_PIDFD uses the parent_tid argument
2525 * to return the pidfd. Hence, CLONE_PIDFD and CLONE_PARENT_SETTID are
2526 * mutually exclusive. With clone3() CLONE_PIDFD has grown a separate
2527 * field in struct clone_args and it still doesn't make sense to have
2528 * them both point at the same memory location. Performing this check
2529 * here has the advantage that we don't need to have a separate helper
2530 * to check for legacy clone().
2532 if ((args->flags & CLONE_PIDFD) &&
2533 (args->flags & CLONE_PARENT_SETTID) &&
2534 (args->pidfd == args->parent_tid))
2538 * Determine whether and which event to report to ptracer. When
2539 * called from kernel_thread or CLONE_UNTRACED is explicitly
2540 * requested, no event is reported; otherwise, report if the event
2541 * for the type of forking is enabled.
2543 if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_UNTRACED)) {
2544 if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK)
2545 trace = PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK;
2546 else if (args->exit_signal != SIGCHLD)
2547 trace = PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE;
2549 trace = PTRACE_EVENT_FORK;
2551 if (likely(!ptrace_event_enabled(current, trace)))
2555 p = copy_process(NULL, trace, NUMA_NO_NODE, args);
2556 add_latent_entropy();
2562 * Do this prior waking up the new thread - the thread pointer
2563 * might get invalid after that point, if the thread exits quickly.
2565 trace_sched_process_fork(current, p);
2567 pid = get_task_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PID);
2570 if (clone_flags & CLONE_PARENT_SETTID)
2571 put_user(nr, args->parent_tid);
2573 if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK) {
2574 p->vfork_done = &vfork;
2575 init_completion(&vfork);
2579 wake_up_new_task(p);
2581 /* forking complete and child started to run, tell ptracer */
2582 if (unlikely(trace))
2583 ptrace_event_pid(trace, pid);
2585 if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK) {
2586 if (!wait_for_vfork_done(p, &vfork))
2587 ptrace_event_pid(PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE, pid);
2595 * Create a kernel thread.
2597 pid_t kernel_thread(int (*fn)(void *), void *arg, unsigned long flags)
2599 struct kernel_clone_args args = {
2600 .flags = ((lower_32_bits(flags) | CLONE_VM |
2601 CLONE_UNTRACED) & ~CSIGNAL),
2602 .exit_signal = (lower_32_bits(flags) & CSIGNAL),
2603 .stack = (unsigned long)fn,
2604 .stack_size = (unsigned long)arg,
2607 return kernel_clone(&args);
2610 #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_SYS_FORK
2611 SYSCALL_DEFINE0(fork)
2614 struct kernel_clone_args args = {
2615 .exit_signal = SIGCHLD,
2618 return kernel_clone(&args);
2620 /* can not support in nommu mode */
2626 #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_SYS_VFORK
2627 SYSCALL_DEFINE0(vfork)
2629 struct kernel_clone_args args = {
2630 .flags = CLONE_VFORK | CLONE_VM,
2631 .exit_signal = SIGCHLD,
2634 return kernel_clone(&args);
2638 #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_SYS_CLONE
2639 #ifdef CONFIG_CLONE_BACKWARDS
2640 SYSCALL_DEFINE5(clone, unsigned long, clone_flags, unsigned long, newsp,
2641 int __user *, parent_tidptr,
2643 int __user *, child_tidptr)
2644 #elif defined(CONFIG_CLONE_BACKWARDS2)
2645 SYSCALL_DEFINE5(clone, unsigned long, newsp, unsigned long, clone_flags,
2646 int __user *, parent_tidptr,
2647 int __user *, child_tidptr,
2649 #elif defined(CONFIG_CLONE_BACKWARDS3)
2650 SYSCALL_DEFINE6(clone, unsigned long, clone_flags, unsigned long, newsp,
2652 int __user *, parent_tidptr,
2653 int __user *, child_tidptr,
2656 SYSCALL_DEFINE5(clone, unsigned long, clone_flags, unsigned long, newsp,
2657 int __user *, parent_tidptr,
2658 int __user *, child_tidptr,
2662 struct kernel_clone_args args = {
2663 .flags = (lower_32_bits(clone_flags) & ~CSIGNAL),
2664 .pidfd = parent_tidptr,
2665 .child_tid = child_tidptr,
2666 .parent_tid = parent_tidptr,
2667 .exit_signal = (lower_32_bits(clone_flags) & CSIGNAL),
2672 return kernel_clone(&args);
2676 #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_SYS_CLONE3
2678 noinline static int copy_clone_args_from_user(struct kernel_clone_args *kargs,
2679 struct clone_args __user *uargs,
2683 struct clone_args args;
2684 pid_t *kset_tid = kargs->set_tid;
2686 BUILD_BUG_ON(offsetofend(struct clone_args, tls) !=
2687 CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER0);
2688 BUILD_BUG_ON(offsetofend(struct clone_args, set_tid_size) !=
2689 CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER1);
2690 BUILD_BUG_ON(offsetofend(struct clone_args, cgroup) !=
2691 CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER2);
2692 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct clone_args) != CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER2);
2694 if (unlikely(usize > PAGE_SIZE))
2696 if (unlikely(usize < CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER0))
2699 err = copy_struct_from_user(&args, sizeof(args), uargs, usize);
2703 if (unlikely(args.set_tid_size > MAX_PID_NS_LEVEL))
2706 if (unlikely(!args.set_tid && args.set_tid_size > 0))
2709 if (unlikely(args.set_tid && args.set_tid_size == 0))
2713 * Verify that higher 32bits of exit_signal are unset and that
2714 * it is a valid signal
2716 if (unlikely((args.exit_signal & ~((u64)CSIGNAL)) ||
2717 !valid_signal(args.exit_signal)))
2720 if ((args.flags & CLONE_INTO_CGROUP) &&
2721 (args.cgroup > INT_MAX || usize < CLONE_ARGS_SIZE_VER2))
2724 *kargs = (struct kernel_clone_args){
2725 .flags = args.flags,
2726 .pidfd = u64_to_user_ptr(args.pidfd),
2727 .child_tid = u64_to_user_ptr(args.child_tid),
2728 .parent_tid = u64_to_user_ptr(args.parent_tid),
2729 .exit_signal = args.exit_signal,
2730 .stack = args.stack,
2731 .stack_size = args.stack_size,
2733 .set_tid_size = args.set_tid_size,
2734 .cgroup = args.cgroup,
2738 copy_from_user(kset_tid, u64_to_user_ptr(args.set_tid),
2739 (kargs->set_tid_size * sizeof(pid_t))))
2742 kargs->set_tid = kset_tid;
2748 * clone3_stack_valid - check and prepare stack
2749 * @kargs: kernel clone args
2751 * Verify that the stack arguments userspace gave us are sane.
2752 * In addition, set the stack direction for userspace since it's easy for us to
2755 static inline bool clone3_stack_valid(struct kernel_clone_args *kargs)
2757 if (kargs->stack == 0) {
2758 if (kargs->stack_size > 0)
2761 if (kargs->stack_size == 0)
2764 if (!access_ok((void __user *)kargs->stack, kargs->stack_size))
2767 #if !defined(CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP) && !defined(CONFIG_IA64)
2768 kargs->stack += kargs->stack_size;
2775 static bool clone3_args_valid(struct kernel_clone_args *kargs)
2777 /* Verify that no unknown flags are passed along. */
2779 ~(CLONE_LEGACY_FLAGS | CLONE_CLEAR_SIGHAND | CLONE_INTO_CGROUP))
2783 * - make the CLONE_DETACHED bit reusable for clone3
2784 * - make the CSIGNAL bits reusable for clone3
2786 if (kargs->flags & (CLONE_DETACHED | CSIGNAL))
2789 if ((kargs->flags & (CLONE_SIGHAND | CLONE_CLEAR_SIGHAND)) ==
2790 (CLONE_SIGHAND | CLONE_CLEAR_SIGHAND))
2793 if ((kargs->flags & (CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_PARENT)) &&
2797 if (!clone3_stack_valid(kargs))
2804 * clone3 - create a new process with specific properties
2805 * @uargs: argument structure
2806 * @size: size of @uargs
2808 * clone3() is the extensible successor to clone()/clone2().
2809 * It takes a struct as argument that is versioned by its size.
2811 * Return: On success, a positive PID for the child process.
2812 * On error, a negative errno number.
2814 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(clone3, struct clone_args __user *, uargs, size_t, size)
2818 struct kernel_clone_args kargs;
2819 pid_t set_tid[MAX_PID_NS_LEVEL];
2821 kargs.set_tid = set_tid;
2823 err = copy_clone_args_from_user(&kargs, uargs, size);
2827 if (!clone3_args_valid(&kargs))
2830 return kernel_clone(&kargs);
2834 void walk_process_tree(struct task_struct *top, proc_visitor visitor, void *data)
2836 struct task_struct *leader, *parent, *child;
2839 read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
2840 leader = top = top->group_leader;
2842 for_each_thread(leader, parent) {
2843 list_for_each_entry(child, &parent->children, sibling) {
2844 res = visitor(child, data);
2856 if (leader != top) {
2858 parent = child->real_parent;
2859 leader = parent->group_leader;
2863 read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
2866 #ifndef ARCH_MIN_MMSTRUCT_ALIGN
2867 #define ARCH_MIN_MMSTRUCT_ALIGN 0
2870 static void sighand_ctor(void *data)
2872 struct sighand_struct *sighand = data;
2874 spin_lock_init(&sighand->siglock);
2875 init_waitqueue_head(&sighand->signalfd_wqh);
2878 void __init proc_caches_init(void)
2880 unsigned int mm_size;
2882 sighand_cachep = kmem_cache_create("sighand_cache",
2883 sizeof(struct sighand_struct), 0,
2884 SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU|
2885 SLAB_ACCOUNT, sighand_ctor);
2886 signal_cachep = kmem_cache_create("signal_cache",
2887 sizeof(struct signal_struct), 0,
2888 SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT,
2890 files_cachep = kmem_cache_create("files_cache",
2891 sizeof(struct files_struct), 0,
2892 SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT,
2894 fs_cachep = kmem_cache_create("fs_cache",
2895 sizeof(struct fs_struct), 0,
2896 SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT,
2900 * The mm_cpumask is located at the end of mm_struct, and is
2901 * dynamically sized based on the maximum CPU number this system
2902 * can have, taking hotplug into account (nr_cpu_ids).
2904 mm_size = sizeof(struct mm_struct) + cpumask_size();
2906 mm_cachep = kmem_cache_create_usercopy("mm_struct",
2907 mm_size, ARCH_MIN_MMSTRUCT_ALIGN,
2908 SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT,
2909 offsetof(struct mm_struct, saved_auxv),
2910 sizeof_field(struct mm_struct, saved_auxv),
2912 vm_area_cachep = KMEM_CACHE(vm_area_struct, SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT);
2914 nsproxy_cache_init();
2918 * Check constraints on flags passed to the unshare system call.
2920 static int check_unshare_flags(unsigned long unshare_flags)
2922 if (unshare_flags & ~(CLONE_THREAD|CLONE_FS|CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_SIGHAND|
2923 CLONE_VM|CLONE_FILES|CLONE_SYSVSEM|
2924 CLONE_NEWUTS|CLONE_NEWIPC|CLONE_NEWNET|
2925 CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_NEWCGROUP|
2929 * Not implemented, but pretend it works if there is nothing
2930 * to unshare. Note that unsharing the address space or the
2931 * signal handlers also need to unshare the signal queues (aka
2934 if (unshare_flags & (CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_SIGHAND | CLONE_VM)) {
2935 if (!thread_group_empty(current))
2938 if (unshare_flags & (CLONE_SIGHAND | CLONE_VM)) {
2939 if (refcount_read(¤t->sighand->count) > 1)
2942 if (unshare_flags & CLONE_VM) {
2943 if (!current_is_single_threaded())
2951 * Unshare the filesystem structure if it is being shared
2953 static int unshare_fs(unsigned long unshare_flags, struct fs_struct **new_fsp)
2955 struct fs_struct *fs = current->fs;
2957 if (!(unshare_flags & CLONE_FS) || !fs)
2960 /* don't need lock here; in the worst case we'll do useless copy */
2964 *new_fsp = copy_fs_struct(fs);
2972 * Unshare file descriptor table if it is being shared
2974 int unshare_fd(unsigned long unshare_flags, unsigned int max_fds,
2975 struct files_struct **new_fdp)
2977 struct files_struct *fd = current->files;
2980 if ((unshare_flags & CLONE_FILES) &&
2981 (fd && atomic_read(&fd->count) > 1)) {
2982 *new_fdp = dup_fd(fd, max_fds, &error);
2991 * unshare allows a process to 'unshare' part of the process
2992 * context which was originally shared using clone. copy_*
2993 * functions used by kernel_clone() cannot be used here directly
2994 * because they modify an inactive task_struct that is being
2995 * constructed. Here we are modifying the current, active,
2998 int ksys_unshare(unsigned long unshare_flags)
3000 struct fs_struct *fs, *new_fs = NULL;
3001 struct files_struct *new_fd = NULL;
3002 struct cred *new_cred = NULL;
3003 struct nsproxy *new_nsproxy = NULL;
3008 * If unsharing a user namespace must also unshare the thread group
3009 * and unshare the filesystem root and working directories.
3011 if (unshare_flags & CLONE_NEWUSER)
3012 unshare_flags |= CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_FS;
3014 * If unsharing vm, must also unshare signal handlers.
3016 if (unshare_flags & CLONE_VM)
3017 unshare_flags |= CLONE_SIGHAND;
3019 * If unsharing a signal handlers, must also unshare the signal queues.
3021 if (unshare_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND)
3022 unshare_flags |= CLONE_THREAD;
3024 * If unsharing namespace, must also unshare filesystem information.
3026 if (unshare_flags & CLONE_NEWNS)
3027 unshare_flags |= CLONE_FS;
3029 err = check_unshare_flags(unshare_flags);
3031 goto bad_unshare_out;
3033 * CLONE_NEWIPC must also detach from the undolist: after switching
3034 * to a new ipc namespace, the semaphore arrays from the old
3035 * namespace are unreachable.
3037 if (unshare_flags & (CLONE_NEWIPC|CLONE_SYSVSEM))
3039 err = unshare_fs(unshare_flags, &new_fs);
3041 goto bad_unshare_out;
3042 err = unshare_fd(unshare_flags, NR_OPEN_MAX, &new_fd);
3044 goto bad_unshare_cleanup_fs;
3045 err = unshare_userns(unshare_flags, &new_cred);
3047 goto bad_unshare_cleanup_fd;
3048 err = unshare_nsproxy_namespaces(unshare_flags, &new_nsproxy,
3051 goto bad_unshare_cleanup_cred;
3054 err = set_cred_ucounts(new_cred);
3056 goto bad_unshare_cleanup_cred;
3059 if (new_fs || new_fd || do_sysvsem || new_cred || new_nsproxy) {
3062 * CLONE_SYSVSEM is equivalent to sys_exit().
3066 if (unshare_flags & CLONE_NEWIPC) {
3067 /* Orphan segments in old ns (see sem above). */
3069 shm_init_task(current);
3073 switch_task_namespaces(current, new_nsproxy);
3079 spin_lock(&fs->lock);
3080 current->fs = new_fs;
3085 spin_unlock(&fs->lock);
3089 swap(current->files, new_fd);
3091 task_unlock(current);
3094 /* Install the new user namespace */
3095 commit_creds(new_cred);
3100 perf_event_namespaces(current);
3102 bad_unshare_cleanup_cred:
3105 bad_unshare_cleanup_fd:
3107 put_files_struct(new_fd);
3109 bad_unshare_cleanup_fs:
3111 free_fs_struct(new_fs);
3117 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(unshare, unsigned long, unshare_flags)
3119 return ksys_unshare(unshare_flags);
3123 * Helper to unshare the files of the current task.
3124 * We don't want to expose copy_files internals to
3125 * the exec layer of the kernel.
3128 int unshare_files(void)
3130 struct task_struct *task = current;
3131 struct files_struct *old, *copy = NULL;
3134 error = unshare_fd(CLONE_FILES, NR_OPEN_MAX, ©);
3142 put_files_struct(old);
3146 int sysctl_max_threads(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
3147 void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
3151 int threads = max_threads;
3153 int max = MAX_THREADS;
3160 ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(&t, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
3164 max_threads = threads;