2 * async.c: Asynchronous function calls for boot performance
4 * (C) Copyright 2009 Intel Corporation
5 * Author: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
9 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
16 Goals and Theory of Operation
18 The primary goal of this feature is to reduce the kernel boot time,
19 by doing various independent hardware delays and discovery operations
20 decoupled and not strictly serialized.
22 More specifically, the asynchronous function call concept allows
23 certain operations (primarily during system boot) to happen
24 asynchronously, out of order, while these operations still
25 have their externally visible parts happen sequentially and in-order.
26 (not unlike how out-of-order CPUs retire their instructions in order)
28 Key to the asynchronous function call implementation is the concept of
29 a "sequence cookie" (which, although it has an abstracted type, can be
30 thought of as a monotonically incrementing number).
32 The async core will assign each scheduled event such a sequence cookie and
33 pass this to the called functions.
35 The asynchronously called function should before doing a globally visible
36 operation, such as registering device numbers, call the
37 async_synchronize_cookie() function and pass in its own cookie. The
38 async_synchronize_cookie() function will make sure that all asynchronous
39 operations that were scheduled prior to the operation corresponding with the
40 cookie have completed.
42 Subsystem/driver initialization code that scheduled asynchronous probe
43 functions, but which shares global resources with other drivers/subsystems
44 that do not use the asynchronous call feature, need to do a full
45 synchronization with the async_synchronize_full() function, before returning
46 from their init function. This is to maintain strict ordering between the
47 asynchronous and synchronous parts of the kernel.
51 #include <linux/async.h>
52 #include <linux/atomic.h>
53 #include <linux/ktime.h>
54 #include <linux/module.h>
55 #include <linux/wait.h>
56 #include <linux/sched.h>
57 #include <linux/slab.h>
58 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
60 static async_cookie_t next_cookie = 1;
62 #define MAX_WORK 32768
64 static LIST_HEAD(async_pending);
65 static LIST_HEAD(async_running);
66 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(async_lock);
69 struct list_head list;
70 struct work_struct work;
71 async_cookie_t cookie;
74 struct list_head *running;
77 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(async_done);
79 static atomic_t entry_count;
81 extern int initcall_debug;
85 * MUST be called with the lock held!
87 static async_cookie_t __lowest_in_progress(struct list_head *running)
89 struct async_entry *entry;
91 if (!list_empty(running)) {
92 entry = list_first_entry(running,
93 struct async_entry, list);
97 list_for_each_entry(entry, &async_pending, list)
98 if (entry->running == running)
101 return next_cookie; /* "infinity" value */
104 static async_cookie_t lowest_in_progress(struct list_head *running)
109 spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
110 ret = __lowest_in_progress(running);
111 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
116 * pick the first pending entry and run it
118 static void async_run_entry_fn(struct work_struct *work)
120 struct async_entry *entry =
121 container_of(work, struct async_entry, work);
123 ktime_t calltime, delta, rettime;
125 /* 1) move self to the running queue */
126 spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
127 list_move_tail(&entry->list, entry->running);
128 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
130 /* 2) run (and print duration) */
131 if (initcall_debug && system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
132 printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling %lli_%pF @ %i\n",
133 (long long)entry->cookie,
134 entry->func, task_pid_nr(current));
135 calltime = ktime_get();
137 entry->func(entry->data, entry->cookie);
138 if (initcall_debug && system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
139 rettime = ktime_get();
140 delta = ktime_sub(rettime, calltime);
141 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %lli_%pF returned 0 after %lld usecs\n",
142 (long long)entry->cookie,
144 (long long)ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10);
147 /* 3) remove self from the running queue */
148 spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
149 list_del(&entry->list);
151 /* 4) free the entry */
153 atomic_dec(&entry_count);
155 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
157 /* 5) wake up any waiters */
158 wake_up(&async_done);
161 static async_cookie_t __async_schedule(async_func_ptr *ptr, void *data, struct list_head *running)
163 struct async_entry *entry;
165 async_cookie_t newcookie;
167 /* allow irq-off callers */
168 entry = kzalloc(sizeof(struct async_entry), GFP_ATOMIC);
171 * If we're out of memory or if there's too much work
172 * pending already, we execute synchronously.
174 if (!entry || atomic_read(&entry_count) > MAX_WORK) {
176 spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
177 newcookie = next_cookie++;
178 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
180 /* low on memory.. run synchronously */
181 ptr(data, newcookie);
184 INIT_WORK(&entry->work, async_run_entry_fn);
187 entry->running = running;
189 spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
190 newcookie = entry->cookie = next_cookie++;
191 list_add_tail(&entry->list, &async_pending);
192 atomic_inc(&entry_count);
193 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
195 /* schedule for execution */
196 queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &entry->work);
202 * async_schedule - schedule a function for asynchronous execution
203 * @ptr: function to execute asynchronously
204 * @data: data pointer to pass to the function
206 * Returns an async_cookie_t that may be used for checkpointing later.
207 * Note: This function may be called from atomic or non-atomic contexts.
209 async_cookie_t async_schedule(async_func_ptr *ptr, void *data)
211 return __async_schedule(ptr, data, &async_running);
213 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_schedule);
216 * async_schedule_domain - schedule a function for asynchronous execution within a certain domain
217 * @ptr: function to execute asynchronously
218 * @data: data pointer to pass to the function
219 * @running: running list for the domain
221 * Returns an async_cookie_t that may be used for checkpointing later.
222 * @running may be used in the async_synchronize_*_domain() functions
223 * to wait within a certain synchronization domain rather than globally.
224 * A synchronization domain is specified via the running queue @running to use.
225 * Note: This function may be called from atomic or non-atomic contexts.
227 async_cookie_t async_schedule_domain(async_func_ptr *ptr, void *data,
228 struct list_head *running)
230 return __async_schedule(ptr, data, running);
232 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_schedule_domain);
235 * async_synchronize_full - synchronize all asynchronous function calls
237 * This function waits until all asynchronous function calls have been done.
239 void async_synchronize_full(void)
242 async_synchronize_cookie(next_cookie);
243 } while (!list_empty(&async_running) || !list_empty(&async_pending));
245 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_synchronize_full);
248 * async_synchronize_full_domain - synchronize all asynchronous function within a certain domain
249 * @list: running list to synchronize on
251 * This function waits until all asynchronous function calls for the
252 * synchronization domain specified by the running list @list have been done.
254 void async_synchronize_full_domain(struct list_head *list)
256 async_synchronize_cookie_domain(next_cookie, list);
258 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_synchronize_full_domain);
261 * async_synchronize_cookie_domain - synchronize asynchronous function calls within a certain domain with cookie checkpointing
262 * @cookie: async_cookie_t to use as checkpoint
263 * @running: running list to synchronize on
265 * This function waits until all asynchronous function calls for the
266 * synchronization domain specified by the running list @list submitted
267 * prior to @cookie have been done.
269 void async_synchronize_cookie_domain(async_cookie_t cookie,
270 struct list_head *running)
272 ktime_t starttime, delta, endtime;
274 if (initcall_debug && system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
275 printk(KERN_DEBUG "async_waiting @ %i\n", task_pid_nr(current));
276 starttime = ktime_get();
279 wait_event(async_done, lowest_in_progress(running) >= cookie);
281 if (initcall_debug && system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
282 endtime = ktime_get();
283 delta = ktime_sub(endtime, starttime);
285 printk(KERN_DEBUG "async_continuing @ %i after %lli usec\n",
286 task_pid_nr(current),
287 (long long)ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10);
290 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_synchronize_cookie_domain);
293 * async_synchronize_cookie - synchronize asynchronous function calls with cookie checkpointing
294 * @cookie: async_cookie_t to use as checkpoint
296 * This function waits until all asynchronous function calls prior to @cookie
299 void async_synchronize_cookie(async_cookie_t cookie)
301 async_synchronize_cookie_domain(cookie, &async_running);
303 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_synchronize_cookie);