2 * async.c: Asynchronous function calls for boot performance
4 * (C) Copyright 2009 Intel Corporation
5 * Author: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
9 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
16 Goals and Theory of Operation
18 The primary goal of this feature is to reduce the kernel boot time,
19 by doing various independent hardware delays and discovery operations
20 decoupled and not strictly serialized.
22 More specifically, the asynchronous function call concept allows
23 certain operations (primarily during system boot) to happen
24 asynchronously, out of order, while these operations still
25 have their externally visible parts happen sequentially and in-order.
26 (not unlike how out-of-order CPUs retire their instructions in order)
28 Key to the asynchronous function call implementation is the concept of
29 a "sequence cookie" (which, although it has an abstracted type, can be
30 thought of as a monotonically incrementing number).
32 The async core will assign each scheduled event such a sequence cookie and
33 pass this to the called functions.
35 The asynchronously called function should before doing a globally visible
36 operation, such as registering device numbers, call the
37 async_synchronize_cookie() function and pass in its own cookie. The
38 async_synchronize_cookie() function will make sure that all asynchronous
39 operations that were scheduled prior to the operation corresponding with the
40 cookie have completed.
42 Subsystem/driver initialization code that scheduled asynchronous probe
43 functions, but which shares global resources with other drivers/subsystems
44 that do not use the asynchronous call feature, need to do a full
45 synchronization with the async_synchronize_full() function, before returning
46 from their init function. This is to maintain strict ordering between the
47 asynchronous and synchronous parts of the kernel.
51 #include <linux/async.h>
52 #include <linux/atomic.h>
53 #include <linux/ktime.h>
54 #include <linux/export.h>
55 #include <linux/wait.h>
56 #include <linux/sched.h>
57 #include <linux/slab.h>
58 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
60 static async_cookie_t next_cookie = 1;
62 #define MAX_WORK 32768
64 static LIST_HEAD(async_pending);
65 static ASYNC_DOMAIN(async_running);
66 static LIST_HEAD(async_domains);
67 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(async_lock);
68 static DEFINE_MUTEX(async_register_mutex);
71 struct list_head list;
72 struct work_struct work;
73 async_cookie_t cookie;
76 struct async_domain *running;
79 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(async_done);
81 static atomic_t entry_count;
85 * MUST be called with the lock held!
87 static async_cookie_t __lowest_in_progress(struct async_domain *running)
89 struct async_entry *entry;
91 if (!list_empty(&running->domain)) {
92 entry = list_first_entry(&running->domain, typeof(*entry), list);
96 list_for_each_entry(entry, &async_pending, list)
97 if (entry->running == running)
100 return next_cookie; /* "infinity" value */
103 static async_cookie_t lowest_in_progress(struct async_domain *running)
108 spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
109 ret = __lowest_in_progress(running);
110 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
115 * pick the first pending entry and run it
117 static void async_run_entry_fn(struct work_struct *work)
119 struct async_entry *entry =
120 container_of(work, struct async_entry, work);
122 ktime_t uninitialized_var(calltime), delta, rettime;
123 struct async_domain *running = entry->running;
125 /* 1) move self to the running queue */
126 spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
127 list_move_tail(&entry->list, &running->domain);
128 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
130 /* 2) run (and print duration) */
131 if (initcall_debug && system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
132 printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling %lli_%pF @ %i\n",
133 (long long)entry->cookie,
134 entry->func, task_pid_nr(current));
135 calltime = ktime_get();
137 entry->func(entry->data, entry->cookie);
138 if (initcall_debug && system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
139 rettime = ktime_get();
140 delta = ktime_sub(rettime, calltime);
141 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %lli_%pF returned 0 after %lld usecs\n",
142 (long long)entry->cookie,
144 (long long)ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10);
147 /* 3) remove self from the running queue */
148 spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
149 list_del(&entry->list);
150 if (running->registered && --running->count == 0)
151 list_del_init(&running->node);
153 /* 4) free the entry */
155 atomic_dec(&entry_count);
157 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
159 /* 5) wake up any waiters */
160 wake_up(&async_done);
163 static async_cookie_t __async_schedule(async_func_ptr *ptr, void *data, struct async_domain *running)
165 struct async_entry *entry;
167 async_cookie_t newcookie;
169 /* allow irq-off callers */
170 entry = kzalloc(sizeof(struct async_entry), GFP_ATOMIC);
173 * If we're out of memory or if there's too much work
174 * pending already, we execute synchronously.
176 if (!entry || atomic_read(&entry_count) > MAX_WORK) {
178 spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
179 newcookie = next_cookie++;
180 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
182 /* low on memory.. run synchronously */
183 ptr(data, newcookie);
186 INIT_WORK(&entry->work, async_run_entry_fn);
189 entry->running = running;
191 spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
192 newcookie = entry->cookie = next_cookie++;
193 list_add_tail(&entry->list, &async_pending);
194 if (running->registered && running->count++ == 0)
195 list_add_tail(&running->node, &async_domains);
196 atomic_inc(&entry_count);
197 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
199 /* schedule for execution */
200 queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &entry->work);
206 * async_schedule - schedule a function for asynchronous execution
207 * @ptr: function to execute asynchronously
208 * @data: data pointer to pass to the function
210 * Returns an async_cookie_t that may be used for checkpointing later.
211 * Note: This function may be called from atomic or non-atomic contexts.
213 async_cookie_t async_schedule(async_func_ptr *ptr, void *data)
215 return __async_schedule(ptr, data, &async_running);
217 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_schedule);
220 * async_schedule_domain - schedule a function for asynchronous execution within a certain domain
221 * @ptr: function to execute asynchronously
222 * @data: data pointer to pass to the function
223 * @running: running list for the domain
225 * Returns an async_cookie_t that may be used for checkpointing later.
226 * @running may be used in the async_synchronize_*_domain() functions
227 * to wait within a certain synchronization domain rather than globally.
228 * A synchronization domain is specified via the running queue @running to use.
229 * Note: This function may be called from atomic or non-atomic contexts.
231 async_cookie_t async_schedule_domain(async_func_ptr *ptr, void *data,
232 struct async_domain *running)
234 return __async_schedule(ptr, data, running);
236 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_schedule_domain);
239 * async_synchronize_full - synchronize all asynchronous function calls
241 * This function waits until all asynchronous function calls have been done.
243 void async_synchronize_full(void)
245 mutex_lock(&async_register_mutex);
247 struct async_domain *domain = NULL;
249 spin_lock_irq(&async_lock);
250 if (!list_empty(&async_domains))
251 domain = list_first_entry(&async_domains, typeof(*domain), node);
252 spin_unlock_irq(&async_lock);
254 async_synchronize_cookie_domain(next_cookie, domain);
255 } while (!list_empty(&async_domains));
256 mutex_unlock(&async_register_mutex);
258 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_synchronize_full);
261 * async_unregister_domain - ensure no more anonymous waiters on this domain
262 * @domain: idle domain to flush out of any async_synchronize_full instances
264 * async_synchronize_{cookie|full}_domain() are not flushed since callers
265 * of these routines should know the lifetime of @domain
267 * Prefer ASYNC_DOMAIN_EXCLUSIVE() declarations over flushing
269 void async_unregister_domain(struct async_domain *domain)
271 mutex_lock(&async_register_mutex);
272 spin_lock_irq(&async_lock);
273 WARN_ON(!domain->registered || !list_empty(&domain->node) ||
274 !list_empty(&domain->domain));
275 domain->registered = 0;
276 spin_unlock_irq(&async_lock);
277 mutex_unlock(&async_register_mutex);
279 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_unregister_domain);
282 * async_synchronize_full_domain - synchronize all asynchronous function within a certain domain
283 * @domain: running list to synchronize on
285 * This function waits until all asynchronous function calls for the
286 * synchronization domain specified by the running list @domain have been done.
288 void async_synchronize_full_domain(struct async_domain *domain)
290 async_synchronize_cookie_domain(next_cookie, domain);
292 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_synchronize_full_domain);
295 * async_synchronize_cookie_domain - synchronize asynchronous function calls within a certain domain with cookie checkpointing
296 * @cookie: async_cookie_t to use as checkpoint
297 * @running: running list to synchronize on
299 * This function waits until all asynchronous function calls for the
300 * synchronization domain specified by running list @running submitted
301 * prior to @cookie have been done.
303 void async_synchronize_cookie_domain(async_cookie_t cookie, struct async_domain *running)
305 ktime_t uninitialized_var(starttime), delta, endtime;
310 if (initcall_debug && system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
311 printk(KERN_DEBUG "async_waiting @ %i\n", task_pid_nr(current));
312 starttime = ktime_get();
315 wait_event(async_done, lowest_in_progress(running) >= cookie);
317 if (initcall_debug && system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
318 endtime = ktime_get();
319 delta = ktime_sub(endtime, starttime);
321 printk(KERN_DEBUG "async_continuing @ %i after %lli usec\n",
322 task_pid_nr(current),
323 (long long)ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10);
326 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_synchronize_cookie_domain);
329 * async_synchronize_cookie - synchronize asynchronous function calls with cookie checkpointing
330 * @cookie: async_cookie_t to use as checkpoint
332 * This function waits until all asynchronous function calls prior to @cookie
335 void async_synchronize_cookie(async_cookie_t cookie)
337 async_synchronize_cookie_domain(cookie, &async_running);
339 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_synchronize_cookie);