1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 /* calibrate.c: default delay calibration
4 * Excised from init/main.c
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
8 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
9 #include <linux/delay.h>
10 #include <linux/init.h>
11 #include <linux/timex.h>
12 #include <linux/smp.h>
13 #include <linux/percpu.h>
15 unsigned long lpj_fine;
16 unsigned long preset_lpj;
17 static int __init lpj_setup(char *str)
19 preset_lpj = simple_strtoul(str,NULL,0);
23 __setup("lpj=", lpj_setup);
25 #ifdef ARCH_HAS_READ_CURRENT_TIMER
27 /* This routine uses the read_current_timer() routine and gets the
28 * loops per jiffy directly, instead of guessing it using delay().
29 * Also, this code tries to handle non-maskable asynchronous events
32 #define DELAY_CALIBRATION_TICKS ((HZ < 100) ? 1 : (HZ/100))
33 #define MAX_DIRECT_CALIBRATION_RETRIES 5
35 static unsigned long calibrate_delay_direct(void)
37 unsigned long pre_start, start, post_start;
38 unsigned long pre_end, end, post_end;
39 unsigned long start_jiffies;
40 unsigned long timer_rate_min, timer_rate_max;
41 unsigned long good_timer_sum = 0;
42 unsigned long good_timer_count = 0;
43 unsigned long measured_times[MAX_DIRECT_CALIBRATION_RETRIES];
44 int max = -1; /* index of measured_times with max/min values or not set */
48 if (read_current_timer(&pre_start) < 0 )
53 * while ( jiffies < start_jiffies+1)
54 * start = read_current_timer();
55 * will not do. As we don't really know whether jiffy switch
56 * happened first or timer_value was read first. And some asynchronous
57 * event can happen between these two events introducing errors in lpj.
60 * 1. pre_start <- When we are sure that jiffy switch hasn't happened
61 * 2. check jiffy switch
62 * 3. start <- timer value before or after jiffy switch
63 * 4. post_start <- When we are sure that jiffy switch has happened
65 * Note, we don't know anything about order of 2 and 3.
66 * Now, by looking at post_start and pre_start difference, we can
67 * check whether any asynchronous event happened or not
70 for (i = 0; i < MAX_DIRECT_CALIBRATION_RETRIES; i++) {
72 read_current_timer(&start);
73 start_jiffies = jiffies;
74 while (time_before_eq(jiffies, start_jiffies + 1)) {
76 read_current_timer(&start);
78 read_current_timer(&post_start);
82 while (time_before_eq(jiffies, start_jiffies + 1 +
83 DELAY_CALIBRATION_TICKS)) {
85 read_current_timer(&end);
87 read_current_timer(&post_end);
89 timer_rate_max = (post_end - pre_start) /
90 DELAY_CALIBRATION_TICKS;
91 timer_rate_min = (pre_end - post_start) /
92 DELAY_CALIBRATION_TICKS;
95 * If the upper limit and lower limit of the timer_rate is
96 * >= 12.5% apart, redo calibration.
98 if (start >= post_end)
99 printk(KERN_NOTICE "calibrate_delay_direct() ignoring "
100 "timer_rate as we had a TSC wrap around"
101 " start=%lu >=post_end=%lu\n",
103 if (start < post_end && pre_start != 0 && pre_end != 0 &&
104 (timer_rate_max - timer_rate_min) < (timer_rate_max >> 3)) {
106 good_timer_sum += timer_rate_max;
107 measured_times[i] = timer_rate_max;
108 if (max < 0 || timer_rate_max > measured_times[max])
110 if (min < 0 || timer_rate_max < measured_times[min])
113 measured_times[i] = 0;
118 * Find the maximum & minimum - if they differ too much throw out the
119 * one with the largest difference from the mean and try again...
121 while (good_timer_count > 1) {
122 unsigned long estimate;
123 unsigned long maxdiff;
125 /* compute the estimate */
126 estimate = (good_timer_sum/good_timer_count);
127 maxdiff = estimate >> 3;
129 /* if range is within 12% let's take it */
130 if ((measured_times[max] - measured_times[min]) < maxdiff)
133 /* ok - drop the worse value and try again... */
135 good_timer_count = 0;
136 if ((measured_times[max] - estimate) <
137 (estimate - measured_times[min])) {
138 printk(KERN_NOTICE "calibrate_delay_direct() dropping "
139 "min bogoMips estimate %d = %lu\n",
140 min, measured_times[min]);
141 measured_times[min] = 0;
144 printk(KERN_NOTICE "calibrate_delay_direct() dropping "
145 "max bogoMips estimate %d = %lu\n",
146 max, measured_times[max]);
147 measured_times[max] = 0;
151 for (i = 0; i < MAX_DIRECT_CALIBRATION_RETRIES; i++) {
152 if (measured_times[i] == 0)
155 good_timer_sum += measured_times[i];
156 if (measured_times[i] < measured_times[min])
158 if (measured_times[i] > measured_times[max])
164 printk(KERN_NOTICE "calibrate_delay_direct() failed to get a good "
165 "estimate for loops_per_jiffy.\nProbably due to long platform "
166 "interrupts. Consider using \"lpj=\" boot option.\n");
170 static unsigned long calibrate_delay_direct(void)
177 * This is the number of bits of precision for the loops_per_jiffy. Each
178 * time we refine our estimate after the first takes 1.5/HZ seconds, so try
179 * to start with a good estimate.
180 * For the boot cpu we can skip the delay calibration and assign it a value
181 * calculated based on the timer frequency.
182 * For the rest of the CPUs we cannot assume that the timer frequency is same as
183 * the cpu frequency, hence do the calibration for those.
187 static unsigned long calibrate_delay_converge(void)
189 /* First stage - slowly accelerate to find initial bounds */
190 unsigned long lpj, lpj_base, ticks, loopadd, loopadd_base, chop_limit;
191 int trials = 0, band = 0, trial_in_band = 0;
195 /* wait for "start of" clock tick */
197 while (ticks == jiffies)
202 if (++trial_in_band == (1<<band)) {
208 } while (ticks == jiffies);
210 * We overshot, so retreat to a clear underestimate. Then estimate
211 * the largest likely undershoot. This defines our chop bounds.
214 loopadd_base = lpj * band;
215 lpj_base = lpj * trials;
219 loopadd = loopadd_base;
222 * Do a binary approximation to get lpj set to
223 * equal one clock (up to LPS_PREC bits)
225 chop_limit = lpj >> LPS_PREC;
226 while (loopadd > chop_limit) {
229 while (ticks == jiffies)
233 if (jiffies != ticks) /* longer than 1 tick */
238 * If we incremented every single time possible, presume we've
239 * massively underestimated initially, and retry with a higher
240 * start, and larger range. (Only seen on x86_64, due to SMIs)
242 if (lpj + loopadd * 2 == lpj_base + loopadd_base * 2) {
251 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, cpu_loops_per_jiffy) = { 0 };
254 * Check if cpu calibration delay is already known. For example,
255 * some processors with multi-core sockets may have all cores
256 * with the same calibration delay.
258 * Architectures should override this function if a faster calibration
259 * method is available.
261 unsigned long __attribute__((weak)) calibrate_delay_is_known(void)
267 * Indicate the cpu delay calibration is done. This can be used by
268 * architectures to stop accepting delay timer registrations after this point.
271 void __attribute__((weak)) calibration_delay_done(void)
275 void calibrate_delay(void)
279 int this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
281 if (per_cpu(cpu_loops_per_jiffy, this_cpu)) {
282 lpj = per_cpu(cpu_loops_per_jiffy, this_cpu);
284 pr_info("Calibrating delay loop (skipped) "
285 "already calibrated this CPU");
286 } else if (preset_lpj) {
289 pr_info("Calibrating delay loop (skipped) "
291 } else if ((!printed) && lpj_fine) {
293 pr_info("Calibrating delay loop (skipped), "
294 "value calculated using timer frequency.. ");
295 } else if ((lpj = calibrate_delay_is_known())) {
297 } else if ((lpj = calibrate_delay_direct()) != 0) {
299 pr_info("Calibrating delay using timer "
300 "specific routine.. ");
303 pr_info("Calibrating delay loop... ");
304 lpj = calibrate_delay_converge();
306 per_cpu(cpu_loops_per_jiffy, this_cpu) = lpj;
308 pr_cont("%lu.%02lu BogoMIPS (lpj=%lu)\n",
310 (lpj/(5000/HZ)) % 100, lpj);
312 loops_per_jiffy = lpj;
315 calibration_delay_done();