2 * Copyright © International Business Machines Corp., 2006
4 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
6 * Author: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
10 #define __UBI_USER_H__
12 #include <linux/types.h>
15 * UBI device creation (the same as MTD device attachment)
16 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
18 * MTD devices may be attached using %UBI_IOCATT ioctl command of the UBI
19 * control device. The caller has to properly fill and pass
20 * &struct ubi_attach_req object - UBI will attach the MTD device specified in
21 * the request and return the newly created UBI device number as the ioctl
24 * UBI device deletion (the same as MTD device detachment)
25 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
27 * An UBI device maybe deleted with %UBI_IOCDET ioctl command of the UBI
33 * UBI volumes are created via the %UBI_IOCMKVOL ioctl command of UBI character
34 * device. A &struct ubi_mkvol_req object has to be properly filled and a
35 * pointer to it has to be passed to the ioctl.
40 * To delete a volume, the %UBI_IOCRMVOL ioctl command of the UBI character
41 * device should be used. A pointer to the 32-bit volume ID hast to be passed
47 * To re-size a volume, the %UBI_IOCRSVOL ioctl command of the UBI character
48 * device should be used. A &struct ubi_rsvol_req object has to be properly
49 * filled and a pointer to it has to be passed to the ioctl.
54 * To re-name several volumes atomically at one go, the %UBI_IOCRNVOL command
55 * of the UBI character device should be used. A &struct ubi_rnvol_req object
56 * has to be properly filled and a pointer to it has to be passed to the ioctl.
61 * Volume update should be done via the %UBI_IOCVOLUP ioctl command of the
62 * corresponding UBI volume character device. A pointer to a 64-bit update
63 * size should be passed to the ioctl. After this, UBI expects user to write
64 * this number of bytes to the volume character device. The update is finished
65 * when the claimed number of bytes is passed. So, the volume update sequence
68 * fd = open("/dev/my_volume");
69 * ioctl(fd, UBI_IOCVOLUP, &image_size);
70 * write(fd, buf, image_size);
73 * Logical eraseblock erase
74 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
76 * To erase a logical eraseblock, the %UBI_IOCEBER ioctl command of the
77 * corresponding UBI volume character device should be used. This command
78 * unmaps the requested logical eraseblock, makes sure the corresponding
79 * physical eraseblock is successfully erased, and returns.
81 * Atomic logical eraseblock change
82 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
84 * Atomic logical eraseblock change operation is called using the %UBI_IOCEBCH
85 * ioctl command of the corresponding UBI volume character device. A pointer to
86 * a &struct ubi_leb_change_req object has to be passed to the ioctl. Then the
87 * user is expected to write the requested amount of bytes (similarly to what
88 * should be done in case of the "volume update" ioctl).
90 * Logical eraseblock map
91 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
93 * To map a logical eraseblock to a physical eraseblock, the %UBI_IOCEBMAP
94 * ioctl command should be used. A pointer to a &struct ubi_map_req object is
95 * expected to be passed. The ioctl maps the requested logical eraseblock to
96 * a physical eraseblock and returns. Only non-mapped logical eraseblocks can
97 * be mapped. If the logical eraseblock specified in the request is already
98 * mapped to a physical eraseblock, the ioctl fails and returns error.
100 * Logical eraseblock unmap
101 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
103 * To unmap a logical eraseblock to a physical eraseblock, the %UBI_IOCEBUNMAP
104 * ioctl command should be used. The ioctl unmaps the logical eraseblocks,
105 * schedules corresponding physical eraseblock for erasure, and returns. Unlike
106 * the "LEB erase" command, it does not wait for the physical eraseblock being
107 * erased. Note, the side effect of this is that if an unclean reboot happens
108 * after the unmap ioctl returns, you may find the LEB mapped again to the same
109 * physical eraseblock after the UBI is run again.
111 * Check if logical eraseblock is mapped
112 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
114 * To check if a logical eraseblock is mapped to a physical eraseblock, the
115 * %UBI_IOCEBISMAP ioctl command should be used. It returns %0 if the LEB is
116 * not mapped, and %1 if it is mapped.
118 * Set an UBI volume property
119 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
121 * To set an UBI volume property the %UBI_IOCSETPROP ioctl command should be
122 * used. A pointer to a &struct ubi_set_vol_prop_req object is expected to be
123 * passed. The object describes which property should be set, and to which value
126 * Block devices on UBI volumes
127 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
129 * To create a R/O block device on top of an UBI volume the %UBI_IOCVOLCRBLK
130 * should be used. A pointer to a &struct ubi_blkcreate_req object is expected
131 * to be passed, which is not used and reserved for future usage.
133 * Conversely, to remove a block device the %UBI_IOCVOLRMBLK should be used,
134 * which takes no arguments.
138 * When a new UBI volume or UBI device is created, users may either specify the
139 * volume/device number they want to create or to let UBI automatically assign
140 * the number using these constants.
142 #define UBI_VOL_NUM_AUTO (-1)
143 #define UBI_DEV_NUM_AUTO (-1)
145 /* Maximum volume name length */
146 #define UBI_MAX_VOLUME_NAME 127
148 /* ioctl commands of UBI character devices */
150 #define UBI_IOC_MAGIC 'o'
152 /* Create an UBI volume */
153 #define UBI_IOCMKVOL _IOW(UBI_IOC_MAGIC, 0, struct ubi_mkvol_req)
154 /* Remove an UBI volume */
155 #define UBI_IOCRMVOL _IOW(UBI_IOC_MAGIC, 1, __s32)
156 /* Re-size an UBI volume */
157 #define UBI_IOCRSVOL _IOW(UBI_IOC_MAGIC, 2, struct ubi_rsvol_req)
158 /* Re-name volumes */
159 #define UBI_IOCRNVOL _IOW(UBI_IOC_MAGIC, 3, struct ubi_rnvol_req)
161 /* ioctl commands of the UBI control character device */
163 #define UBI_CTRL_IOC_MAGIC 'o'
165 /* Attach an MTD device */
166 #define UBI_IOCATT _IOW(UBI_CTRL_IOC_MAGIC, 64, struct ubi_attach_req)
167 /* Detach an MTD device */
168 #define UBI_IOCDET _IOW(UBI_CTRL_IOC_MAGIC, 65, __s32)
170 /* ioctl commands of UBI volume character devices */
172 #define UBI_VOL_IOC_MAGIC 'O'
174 /* Start UBI volume update
175 * Note: This actually takes a pointer (__s64*), but we can't change
176 * that without breaking the ABI on 32bit systems
178 #define UBI_IOCVOLUP _IOW(UBI_VOL_IOC_MAGIC, 0, __s64)
179 /* LEB erasure command, used for debugging, disabled by default */
180 #define UBI_IOCEBER _IOW(UBI_VOL_IOC_MAGIC, 1, __s32)
181 /* Atomic LEB change command */
182 #define UBI_IOCEBCH _IOW(UBI_VOL_IOC_MAGIC, 2, __s32)
183 /* Map LEB command */
184 #define UBI_IOCEBMAP _IOW(UBI_VOL_IOC_MAGIC, 3, struct ubi_map_req)
185 /* Unmap LEB command */
186 #define UBI_IOCEBUNMAP _IOW(UBI_VOL_IOC_MAGIC, 4, __s32)
187 /* Check if LEB is mapped command */
188 #define UBI_IOCEBISMAP _IOR(UBI_VOL_IOC_MAGIC, 5, __s32)
189 /* Set an UBI volume property */
190 #define UBI_IOCSETVOLPROP _IOW(UBI_VOL_IOC_MAGIC, 6, \
191 struct ubi_set_vol_prop_req)
192 /* Create a R/O block device on top of an UBI volume */
193 #define UBI_IOCVOLCRBLK _IOW(UBI_VOL_IOC_MAGIC, 7, struct ubi_blkcreate_req)
194 /* Remove the R/O block device */
195 #define UBI_IOCVOLRMBLK _IO(UBI_VOL_IOC_MAGIC, 8)
197 /* Maximum MTD device name length supported by UBI */
198 #define MAX_UBI_MTD_NAME_LEN 127
200 /* Maximum amount of UBI volumes that can be re-named at one go */
201 #define UBI_MAX_RNVOL 32
204 * UBI volume type constants.
206 * @UBI_DYNAMIC_VOLUME: dynamic volume
207 * @UBI_STATIC_VOLUME: static volume
210 UBI_DYNAMIC_VOLUME = 3,
211 UBI_STATIC_VOLUME = 4,
215 * UBI set volume property ioctl constants.
217 * @UBI_VOL_PROP_DIRECT_WRITE: allow (any non-zero value) or disallow (value 0)
218 * user to directly write and erase individual
219 * eraseblocks on dynamic volumes
222 UBI_VOL_PROP_DIRECT_WRITE = 1,
226 * struct ubi_attach_req - attach MTD device request.
227 * @ubi_num: UBI device number to create
228 * @mtd_num: MTD device number to attach
229 * @vid_hdr_offset: VID header offset (use defaults if %0)
230 * @max_beb_per1024: maximum expected number of bad PEB per 1024 PEBs
231 * @padding: reserved for future, not used, has to be zeroed
233 * This data structure is used to specify MTD device UBI has to attach and the
234 * parameters it has to use. The number which should be assigned to the new UBI
235 * device is passed in @ubi_num. UBI may automatically assign the number if
236 * @UBI_DEV_NUM_AUTO is passed. In this case, the device number is returned in
239 * Most applications should pass %0 in @vid_hdr_offset to make UBI use default
240 * offset of the VID header within physical eraseblocks. The default offset is
241 * the next min. I/O unit after the EC header. For example, it will be offset
242 * 512 in case of a 512 bytes page NAND flash with no sub-page support. Or
243 * it will be 512 in case of a 2KiB page NAND flash with 4 512-byte sub-pages.
245 * But in rare cases, if this optimizes things, the VID header may be placed to
246 * a different offset. For example, the boot-loader might do things faster if
247 * the VID header sits at the end of the first 2KiB NAND page with 4 sub-pages.
248 * As the boot-loader would not normally need to read EC headers (unless it
249 * needs UBI in RW mode), it might be faster to calculate ECC. This is weird
250 * example, but it real-life example. So, in this example, @vid_hdr_offer would
251 * be 2KiB-64 bytes = 1984. Note, that this position is not even 512-bytes
252 * aligned, which is OK, as UBI is clever enough to realize this is 4th
253 * sub-page of the first page and add needed padding.
255 * The @max_beb_per1024 is the maximum amount of bad PEBs UBI expects on the
256 * UBI device per 1024 eraseblocks. This value is often given in an other form
257 * in the NAND datasheet (min NVB i.e. minimal number of valid blocks). The
258 * maximum expected bad eraseblocks per 1024 is then:
259 * 1024 * (1 - MinNVB / MaxNVB)
260 * Which gives 20 for most NAND devices. This limit is used in order to derive
261 * amount of eraseblock UBI reserves for handling new bad blocks. If the device
262 * has more bad eraseblocks than this limit, UBI does not reserve any physical
263 * eraseblocks for new bad eraseblocks, but attempts to use available
264 * eraseblocks (if any). The accepted range is 0-768. If 0 is given, the
265 * default kernel value of %CONFIG_MTD_UBI_BEB_LIMIT will be used.
267 struct ubi_attach_req {
270 __s32 vid_hdr_offset;
271 __s16 max_beb_per1024;
276 * struct ubi_mkvol_req - volume description data structure used in
277 * volume creation requests.
278 * @vol_id: volume number
279 * @alignment: volume alignment
280 * @bytes: volume size in bytes
281 * @vol_type: volume type (%UBI_DYNAMIC_VOLUME or %UBI_STATIC_VOLUME)
282 * @padding1: reserved for future, not used, has to be zeroed
283 * @name_len: volume name length
284 * @padding2: reserved for future, not used, has to be zeroed
287 * This structure is used by user-space programs when creating new volumes. The
288 * @used_bytes field is only necessary when creating static volumes.
290 * The @alignment field specifies the required alignment of the volume logical
291 * eraseblock. This means, that the size of logical eraseblocks will be aligned
292 * to this number, i.e.,
293 * (UBI device logical eraseblock size) mod (@alignment) = 0.
295 * To put it differently, the logical eraseblock of this volume may be slightly
296 * shortened in order to make it properly aligned. The alignment has to be
297 * multiple of the flash minimal input/output unit, or %1 to utilize the entire
298 * available space of logical eraseblocks.
300 * The @alignment field may be useful, for example, when one wants to maintain
301 * a block device on top of an UBI volume. In this case, it is desirable to fit
302 * an integer number of blocks in logical eraseblocks of this UBI volume. With
303 * alignment it is possible to update this volume using plane UBI volume image
304 * BLOBs, without caring about how to properly align them.
306 struct ubi_mkvol_req {
314 char name[UBI_MAX_VOLUME_NAME + 1];
318 * struct ubi_rsvol_req - a data structure used in volume re-size requests.
319 * @vol_id: ID of the volume to re-size
320 * @bytes: new size of the volume in bytes
322 * Re-sizing is possible for both dynamic and static volumes. But while dynamic
323 * volumes may be re-sized arbitrarily, static volumes cannot be made to be
324 * smaller than the number of bytes they bear. To arbitrarily shrink a static
325 * volume, it must be wiped out first (by means of volume update operation with
326 * zero number of bytes).
328 struct ubi_rsvol_req {
334 * struct ubi_rnvol_req - volumes re-name request.
335 * @count: count of volumes to re-name
336 * @padding1: reserved for future, not used, has to be zeroed
337 * @vol_id: ID of the volume to re-name
338 * @name_len: name length
339 * @padding2: reserved for future, not used, has to be zeroed
340 * @name: new volume name
342 * UBI allows to re-name up to %32 volumes at one go. The count of volumes to
343 * re-name is specified in the @count field. The ID of the volumes to re-name
344 * and the new names are specified in the @vol_id and @name fields.
346 * The UBI volume re-name operation is atomic, which means that should power cut
347 * happen, the volumes will have either old name or new name. So the possible
348 * use-cases of this command is atomic upgrade. Indeed, to upgrade, say, volumes
349 * A and B one may create temporary volumes %A1 and %B1 with the new contents,
350 * then atomically re-name A1->A and B1->B, in which case old %A and %B will
353 * If it is not desirable to remove old A and B, the re-name request has to
354 * contain 4 entries: A1->A, A->A1, B1->B, B->B1, in which case old A1 and B1
355 * become A and B, and old A and B will become A1 and B1.
357 * It is also OK to request: A1->A, A1->X, B1->B, B->Y, in which case old A1
358 * and B1 become A and B, and old A and B become X and Y.
360 * In other words, in case of re-naming into an existing volume name, the
361 * existing volume is removed, unless it is re-named as well at the same
364 struct ubi_rnvol_req {
371 char name[UBI_MAX_VOLUME_NAME + 1];
372 } ents[UBI_MAX_RNVOL];
376 * struct ubi_leb_change_req - a data structure used in atomic LEB change
378 * @lnum: logical eraseblock number to change
379 * @bytes: how many bytes will be written to the logical eraseblock
380 * @dtype: pass "3" for better compatibility with old kernels
381 * @padding: reserved for future, not used, has to be zeroed
383 * The @dtype field used to inform UBI about what kind of data will be written
384 * to the LEB: long term (value 1), short term (value 2), unknown (value 3).
385 * UBI tried to pick a PEB with lower erase counter for short term data and a
386 * PEB with higher erase counter for long term data. But this was not really
387 * used because users usually do not know this and could easily mislead UBI. We
388 * removed this feature in May 2012. UBI currently just ignores the @dtype
389 * field. But for better compatibility with older kernels it is recommended to
390 * set @dtype to 3 (unknown).
392 struct ubi_leb_change_req {
395 __s8 dtype; /* obsolete, do not use! */
400 * struct ubi_map_req - a data structure used in map LEB requests.
401 * @dtype: pass "3" for better compatibility with old kernels
402 * @lnum: logical eraseblock number to unmap
403 * @padding: reserved for future, not used, has to be zeroed
407 __s8 dtype; /* obsolete, do not use! */
413 * struct ubi_set_vol_prop_req - a data structure used to set an UBI volume
415 * @property: property to set (%UBI_VOL_PROP_DIRECT_WRITE)
416 * @padding: reserved for future, not used, has to be zeroed
417 * @value: value to set
419 struct ubi_set_vol_prop_req {
426 * struct ubi_blkcreate_req - a data structure used in block creation requests.
427 * @padding: reserved for future, not used, has to be zeroed
429 struct ubi_blkcreate_req {
433 #endif /* __UBI_USER_H__ */