4 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
17 * A struct pid is the kernel's internal notion of a process identifier.
18 * It refers to individual tasks, process groups, and sessions. While
19 * there are processes attached to it the struct pid lives in a hash
20 * table, so it and then the processes that it refers to can be found
21 * quickly from the numeric pid value. The attached processes may be
22 * quickly accessed by following pointers from struct pid.
24 * Storing pid_t values in the kernel and referring to them later has a
25 * problem. The process originally with that pid may have exited and the
26 * pid allocator wrapped, and another process could have come along
27 * and been assigned that pid.
29 * Referring to user space processes by holding a reference to struct
30 * task_struct has a problem. When the user space process exits
31 * the now useless task_struct is still kept. A task_struct plus a
32 * stack consumes around 10K of low kernel memory. More precisely
33 * this is THREAD_SIZE + sizeof(struct task_struct). By comparison
34 * a struct pid is about 64 bytes.
36 * Holding a reference to struct pid solves both of these problems.
37 * It is small so holding a reference does not consume a lot of
38 * resources, and since a new struct pid is allocated when the numeric pid
39 * value is reused (when pids wrap around) we don't mistakenly refer to new
45 * struct upid is used to get the id of the struct pid, as it is
46 * seen in particular namespace. Later the struct pid is found with
47 * find_pid_ns() using the int nr and struct pid_namespace *ns.
51 /* Try to keep pid_chain in the same cacheline as nr for find_vpid */
53 struct pid_namespace *ns;
54 struct hlist_node pid_chain;
61 /* lists of tasks that use this pid */
62 struct hlist_head tasks[PIDTYPE_MAX];
64 struct upid numbers[1];
67 extern struct pid init_struct_pid;
71 struct hlist_node node;
75 static inline struct pid *get_pid(struct pid *pid)
78 atomic_inc(&pid->count);
82 extern void put_pid(struct pid *pid);
83 extern struct task_struct *pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type);
84 extern struct task_struct *get_pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type);
86 extern struct pid *get_task_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type);
89 * attach_pid() and detach_pid() must be called with the tasklist_lock
92 extern void attach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type,
94 extern void detach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type);
95 extern void change_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type,
97 extern void transfer_pid(struct task_struct *old, struct task_struct *new,
100 struct pid_namespace;
101 extern struct pid_namespace init_pid_ns;
104 * look up a PID in the hash table. Must be called with the tasklist_lock
105 * or rcu_read_lock() held.
107 * find_pid_ns() finds the pid in the namespace specified
108 * find_vpid() finds the pid by its virtual id, i.e. in the current namespace
110 * see also find_task_by_vpid() set in include/linux/sched.h
112 extern struct pid *find_pid_ns(int nr, struct pid_namespace *ns);
113 extern struct pid *find_vpid(int nr);
116 * Lookup a PID in the hash table, and return with it's count elevated.
118 extern struct pid *find_get_pid(int nr);
119 extern struct pid *find_ge_pid(int nr, struct pid_namespace *);
120 int next_pidmap(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, unsigned int last);
122 extern struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns);
123 extern void free_pid(struct pid *pid);
126 * ns_of_pid() returns the pid namespace in which the specified pid was
130 * ns_of_pid() is expected to be called for a process (task) that has
131 * an attached 'struct pid' (see attach_pid(), detach_pid()) i.e @pid
132 * is expected to be non-NULL. If @pid is NULL, caller should handle
133 * the resulting NULL pid-ns.
135 static inline struct pid_namespace *ns_of_pid(struct pid *pid)
137 struct pid_namespace *ns = NULL;
139 ns = pid->numbers[pid->level].ns;
144 * is_child_reaper returns true if the pid is the init process
145 * of the current namespace. As this one could be checked before
146 * pid_ns->child_reaper is assigned in copy_process, we check
147 * with the pid number.
149 static inline bool is_child_reaper(struct pid *pid)
151 return pid->numbers[pid->level].nr == 1;
155 * the helpers to get the pid's id seen from different namespaces
157 * pid_nr() : global id, i.e. the id seen from the init namespace;
158 * pid_vnr() : virtual id, i.e. the id seen from the pid namespace of
160 * pid_nr_ns() : id seen from the ns specified.
162 * see also task_xid_nr() etc in include/linux/sched.h
165 static inline pid_t pid_nr(struct pid *pid)
169 nr = pid->numbers[0].nr;
173 pid_t pid_nr_ns(struct pid *pid, struct pid_namespace *ns);
174 pid_t pid_vnr(struct pid *pid);
176 #define do_each_pid_task(pid, type, task) \
178 struct hlist_node *pos___; \
180 hlist_for_each_entry_rcu((task), pos___, \
181 &(pid)->tasks[type], pids[type].node) {
184 * Both old and new leaders may be attached to
185 * the same pid in the middle of de_thread().
187 #define while_each_pid_task(pid, type, task) \
188 if (type == PIDTYPE_PID) \
193 #define do_each_pid_thread(pid, type, task) \
194 do_each_pid_task(pid, type, task) { \
195 struct task_struct *tg___ = task; \
198 #define while_each_pid_thread(pid, type, task) \
199 } while_each_thread(tg___, task); \
201 } while_each_pid_task(pid, type, task)
202 #endif /* _LINUX_PID_H */