1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
3 * Copyright © 1999-2010 David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> et al.
9 #include <linux/types.h>
10 #include <linux/uio.h>
11 #include <linux/notifier.h>
12 #include <linux/device.h>
14 #include <linux/nvmem-provider.h>
16 #include <mtd/mtd-abi.h>
18 #include <asm/div64.h>
20 #define MTD_FAIL_ADDR_UNKNOWN -1LL
25 * If the erase fails, fail_addr might indicate exactly which block failed. If
26 * fail_addr = MTD_FAIL_ADDR_UNKNOWN, the failure was not at the device level
27 * or was not specific to any particular block.
35 struct mtd_erase_region_info {
36 uint64_t offset; /* At which this region starts, from the beginning of the MTD */
37 uint32_t erasesize; /* For this region */
38 uint32_t numblocks; /* Number of blocks of erasesize in this region */
39 unsigned long *lockmap; /* If keeping bitmap of locks */
43 * struct mtd_oob_ops - oob operation operands
44 * @mode: operation mode
46 * @len: number of data bytes to write/read
48 * @retlen: number of data bytes written/read
50 * @ooblen: number of oob bytes to write/read
51 * @oobretlen: number of oob bytes written/read
52 * @ooboffs: offset of oob data in the oob area (only relevant when
53 * mode = MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB or MTD_OPS_RAW)
54 * @datbuf: data buffer - if NULL only oob data are read/written
55 * @oobbuf: oob data buffer
57 * Note, some MTD drivers do not allow you to write more than one OOB area at
58 * one go. If you try to do that on such an MTD device, -EINVAL will be
59 * returned. If you want to make your implementation portable on all kind of MTD
60 * devices you should split the write request into several sub-requests when the
61 * request crosses a page boundary.
74 #define MTD_MAX_OOBFREE_ENTRIES_LARGE 32
75 #define MTD_MAX_ECCPOS_ENTRIES_LARGE 640
77 * struct mtd_oob_region - oob region definition
78 * @offset: region offset
79 * @length: region length
81 * This structure describes a region of the OOB area, and is used
82 * to retrieve ECC or free bytes sections.
83 * Each section is defined by an offset within the OOB area and a
86 struct mtd_oob_region {
92 * struct mtd_ooblayout_ops - NAND OOB layout operations
93 * @ecc: function returning an ECC region in the OOB area.
94 * Should return -ERANGE if %section exceeds the total number of
96 * @free: function returning a free region in the OOB area.
97 * Should return -ERANGE if %section exceeds the total number of
100 struct mtd_ooblayout_ops {
101 int (*ecc)(struct mtd_info *mtd, int section,
102 struct mtd_oob_region *oobecc);
103 int (*free)(struct mtd_info *mtd, int section,
104 struct mtd_oob_region *oobfree);
108 * struct mtd_pairing_info - page pairing information
113 * The term "pair" is used here, even though TLC NANDs might group pages by 3
114 * (3 bits in a single cell). A pair should regroup all pages that are sharing
115 * the same cell. Pairs are then indexed in ascending order.
117 * @group is defining the position of a page in a given pair. It can also be
118 * seen as the bit position in the cell: page attached to bit 0 belongs to
119 * group 0, page attached to bit 1 belongs to group 1, etc.
122 * The H27UCG8T2BTR-BC datasheet describes the following pairing scheme:
126 * pair-0 page-0 page-4
127 * pair-1 page-1 page-5
128 * pair-2 page-2 page-8
130 * pair-127 page-251 page-255
133 * Note that the "group" and "pair" terms were extracted from Samsung and
134 * Hynix datasheets, and might be referenced under other names in other
135 * datasheets (Micron is describing this concept as "shared pages").
137 struct mtd_pairing_info {
143 * struct mtd_pairing_scheme - page pairing scheme description
145 * @ngroups: number of groups. Should be related to the number of bits
147 * @get_info: converts a write-unit (page number within an erase block) into
148 * mtd_pairing information (pair + group). This function should
149 * fill the info parameter based on the wunit index or return
150 * -EINVAL if the wunit parameter is invalid.
151 * @get_wunit: converts pairing information into a write-unit (page) number.
152 * This function should return the wunit index pointed by the
153 * pairing information described in the info argument. It should
154 * return -EINVAL, if there's no wunit corresponding to the
155 * passed pairing information.
157 * See mtd_pairing_info documentation for a detailed explanation of the
158 * pair and group concepts.
160 * The mtd_pairing_scheme structure provides a generic solution to represent
161 * NAND page pairing scheme. Instead of exposing two big tables to do the
162 * write-unit <-> (pair + group) conversions, we ask the MTD drivers to
163 * implement the ->get_info() and ->get_wunit() functions.
165 * MTD users will then be able to query these information by using the
166 * mtd_pairing_info_to_wunit() and mtd_wunit_to_pairing_info() helpers.
168 * @ngroups is here to help MTD users iterating over all the pages in a
169 * given pair. This value can be retrieved by MTD users using the
170 * mtd_pairing_groups() helper.
172 * Examples are given in the mtd_pairing_info_to_wunit() and
173 * mtd_wunit_to_pairing_info() documentation.
175 struct mtd_pairing_scheme {
177 int (*get_info)(struct mtd_info *mtd, int wunit,
178 struct mtd_pairing_info *info);
179 int (*get_wunit)(struct mtd_info *mtd,
180 const struct mtd_pairing_info *info);
183 struct module; /* only needed for owner field in mtd_info */
186 * struct mtd_debug_info - debugging information for an MTD device.
188 * @dfs_dir: direntry object of the MTD device debugfs directory
190 struct mtd_debug_info {
191 struct dentry *dfs_dir;
197 uint32_t orig_flags; /* Flags as before running mtd checks */
198 uint64_t size; // Total size of the MTD
200 /* "Major" erase size for the device. Naïve users may take this
201 * to be the only erase size available, or may use the more detailed
202 * information below if they desire
205 /* Minimal writable flash unit size. In case of NOR flash it is 1 (even
206 * though individual bits can be cleared), in case of NAND flash it is
207 * one NAND page (or half, or one-fourths of it), in case of ECC-ed NOR
208 * it is of ECC block size, etc. It is illegal to have writesize = 0.
209 * Any driver registering a struct mtd_info must ensure a writesize of
215 * Size of the write buffer used by the MTD. MTD devices having a write
216 * buffer can write multiple writesize chunks at a time. E.g. while
217 * writing 4 * writesize bytes to a device with 2 * writesize bytes
218 * buffer the MTD driver can (but doesn't have to) do 2 writesize
219 * operations, but not 4. Currently, all NANDs have writebufsize
220 * equivalent to writesize (NAND page size). Some NOR flashes do have
221 * writebufsize greater than writesize.
223 uint32_t writebufsize;
225 uint32_t oobsize; // Amount of OOB data per block (e.g. 16)
226 uint32_t oobavail; // Available OOB bytes per block
229 * If erasesize is a power of 2 then the shift is stored in
230 * erasesize_shift otherwise erasesize_shift is zero. Ditto writesize.
232 unsigned int erasesize_shift;
233 unsigned int writesize_shift;
234 /* Masks based on erasesize_shift and writesize_shift */
235 unsigned int erasesize_mask;
236 unsigned int writesize_mask;
239 * read ops return -EUCLEAN if max number of bitflips corrected on any
240 * one region comprising an ecc step equals or exceeds this value.
241 * Settable by driver, else defaults to ecc_strength. User can override
242 * in sysfs. N.B. The meaning of the -EUCLEAN return code has changed;
243 * see Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mtd for more detail.
245 unsigned int bitflip_threshold;
247 /* Kernel-only stuff starts here. */
251 /* OOB layout description */
252 const struct mtd_ooblayout_ops *ooblayout;
254 /* NAND pairing scheme, only provided for MLC/TLC NANDs */
255 const struct mtd_pairing_scheme *pairing;
257 /* the ecc step size. */
258 unsigned int ecc_step_size;
260 /* max number of correctible bit errors per ecc step */
261 unsigned int ecc_strength;
263 /* Data for variable erase regions. If numeraseregions is zero,
264 * it means that the whole device has erasesize as given above.
267 struct mtd_erase_region_info *eraseregions;
270 * Do not call via these pointers, use corresponding mtd_*()
273 int (*_erase) (struct mtd_info *mtd, struct erase_info *instr);
274 int (*_point) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_t len,
275 size_t *retlen, void **virt, resource_size_t *phys);
276 int (*_unpoint) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_t len);
277 int (*_read) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_t len,
278 size_t *retlen, u_char *buf);
279 int (*_write) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to, size_t len,
280 size_t *retlen, const u_char *buf);
281 int (*_panic_write) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to, size_t len,
282 size_t *retlen, const u_char *buf);
283 int (*_read_oob) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from,
284 struct mtd_oob_ops *ops);
285 int (*_write_oob) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to,
286 struct mtd_oob_ops *ops);
287 int (*_get_fact_prot_info) (struct mtd_info *mtd, size_t len,
288 size_t *retlen, struct otp_info *buf);
289 int (*_read_fact_prot_reg) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from,
290 size_t len, size_t *retlen, u_char *buf);
291 int (*_get_user_prot_info) (struct mtd_info *mtd, size_t len,
292 size_t *retlen, struct otp_info *buf);
293 int (*_read_user_prot_reg) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from,
294 size_t len, size_t *retlen, u_char *buf);
295 int (*_write_user_prot_reg) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to,
296 size_t len, size_t *retlen, u_char *buf);
297 int (*_lock_user_prot_reg) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from,
299 int (*_writev) (struct mtd_info *mtd, const struct kvec *vecs,
300 unsigned long count, loff_t to, size_t *retlen);
301 void (*_sync) (struct mtd_info *mtd);
302 int (*_lock) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs, uint64_t len);
303 int (*_unlock) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs, uint64_t len);
304 int (*_is_locked) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs, uint64_t len);
305 int (*_block_isreserved) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs);
306 int (*_block_isbad) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs);
307 int (*_block_markbad) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs);
308 int (*_max_bad_blocks) (struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs, size_t len);
309 int (*_suspend) (struct mtd_info *mtd);
310 void (*_resume) (struct mtd_info *mtd);
311 void (*_reboot) (struct mtd_info *mtd);
313 * If the driver is something smart, like UBI, it may need to maintain
314 * its own reference counting. The below functions are only for driver.
316 int (*_get_device) (struct mtd_info *mtd);
317 void (*_put_device) (struct mtd_info *mtd);
320 * flag indicates a panic write, low level drivers can take appropriate
321 * action if required to ensure writes go through
323 bool oops_panic_write;
325 struct notifier_block reboot_notifier; /* default mode before reboot */
327 /* ECC status information */
328 struct mtd_ecc_stats ecc_stats;
329 /* Subpage shift (NAND) */
334 struct module *owner;
337 struct mtd_debug_info dbg;
338 struct nvmem_device *nvmem;
341 int mtd_ooblayout_ecc(struct mtd_info *mtd, int section,
342 struct mtd_oob_region *oobecc);
343 int mtd_ooblayout_find_eccregion(struct mtd_info *mtd, int eccbyte,
345 struct mtd_oob_region *oobregion);
346 int mtd_ooblayout_get_eccbytes(struct mtd_info *mtd, u8 *eccbuf,
347 const u8 *oobbuf, int start, int nbytes);
348 int mtd_ooblayout_set_eccbytes(struct mtd_info *mtd, const u8 *eccbuf,
349 u8 *oobbuf, int start, int nbytes);
350 int mtd_ooblayout_free(struct mtd_info *mtd, int section,
351 struct mtd_oob_region *oobfree);
352 int mtd_ooblayout_get_databytes(struct mtd_info *mtd, u8 *databuf,
353 const u8 *oobbuf, int start, int nbytes);
354 int mtd_ooblayout_set_databytes(struct mtd_info *mtd, const u8 *databuf,
355 u8 *oobbuf, int start, int nbytes);
356 int mtd_ooblayout_count_freebytes(struct mtd_info *mtd);
357 int mtd_ooblayout_count_eccbytes(struct mtd_info *mtd);
359 static inline void mtd_set_ooblayout(struct mtd_info *mtd,
360 const struct mtd_ooblayout_ops *ooblayout)
362 mtd->ooblayout = ooblayout;
365 static inline void mtd_set_pairing_scheme(struct mtd_info *mtd,
366 const struct mtd_pairing_scheme *pairing)
368 mtd->pairing = pairing;
371 static inline void mtd_set_of_node(struct mtd_info *mtd,
372 struct device_node *np)
374 mtd->dev.of_node = np;
376 of_property_read_string(np, "label", &mtd->name);
379 static inline struct device_node *mtd_get_of_node(struct mtd_info *mtd)
381 return dev_of_node(&mtd->dev);
384 static inline u32 mtd_oobavail(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct mtd_oob_ops *ops)
386 return ops->mode == MTD_OPS_AUTO_OOB ? mtd->oobavail : mtd->oobsize;
389 static inline int mtd_max_bad_blocks(struct mtd_info *mtd,
390 loff_t ofs, size_t len)
392 if (!mtd->_max_bad_blocks)
395 if (mtd->size < (len + ofs) || ofs < 0)
398 return mtd->_max_bad_blocks(mtd, ofs, len);
401 int mtd_wunit_to_pairing_info(struct mtd_info *mtd, int wunit,
402 struct mtd_pairing_info *info);
403 int mtd_pairing_info_to_wunit(struct mtd_info *mtd,
404 const struct mtd_pairing_info *info);
405 int mtd_pairing_groups(struct mtd_info *mtd);
406 int mtd_erase(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct erase_info *instr);
407 int mtd_point(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_t len, size_t *retlen,
408 void **virt, resource_size_t *phys);
409 int mtd_unpoint(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_t len);
410 unsigned long mtd_get_unmapped_area(struct mtd_info *mtd, unsigned long len,
411 unsigned long offset, unsigned long flags);
412 int mtd_read(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_t len, size_t *retlen,
414 int mtd_write(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to, size_t len, size_t *retlen,
416 int mtd_panic_write(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to, size_t len, size_t *retlen,
419 int mtd_read_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, struct mtd_oob_ops *ops);
420 int mtd_write_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to, struct mtd_oob_ops *ops);
422 int mtd_get_fact_prot_info(struct mtd_info *mtd, size_t len, size_t *retlen,
423 struct otp_info *buf);
424 int mtd_read_fact_prot_reg(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_t len,
425 size_t *retlen, u_char *buf);
426 int mtd_get_user_prot_info(struct mtd_info *mtd, size_t len, size_t *retlen,
427 struct otp_info *buf);
428 int mtd_read_user_prot_reg(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_t len,
429 size_t *retlen, u_char *buf);
430 int mtd_write_user_prot_reg(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to, size_t len,
431 size_t *retlen, u_char *buf);
432 int mtd_lock_user_prot_reg(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_t len);
434 int mtd_writev(struct mtd_info *mtd, const struct kvec *vecs,
435 unsigned long count, loff_t to, size_t *retlen);
437 static inline void mtd_sync(struct mtd_info *mtd)
443 int mtd_lock(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs, uint64_t len);
444 int mtd_unlock(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs, uint64_t len);
445 int mtd_is_locked(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs, uint64_t len);
446 int mtd_block_isreserved(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs);
447 int mtd_block_isbad(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs);
448 int mtd_block_markbad(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs);
450 static inline int mtd_suspend(struct mtd_info *mtd)
452 return mtd->_suspend ? mtd->_suspend(mtd) : 0;
455 static inline void mtd_resume(struct mtd_info *mtd)
461 static inline uint32_t mtd_div_by_eb(uint64_t sz, struct mtd_info *mtd)
463 if (mtd->erasesize_shift)
464 return sz >> mtd->erasesize_shift;
465 do_div(sz, mtd->erasesize);
469 static inline uint32_t mtd_mod_by_eb(uint64_t sz, struct mtd_info *mtd)
471 if (mtd->erasesize_shift)
472 return sz & mtd->erasesize_mask;
473 return do_div(sz, mtd->erasesize);
477 * mtd_align_erase_req - Adjust an erase request to align things on eraseblock
479 * @mtd: the MTD device this erase request applies on
480 * @req: the erase request to adjust
482 * This function will adjust @req->addr and @req->len to align them on
483 * @mtd->erasesize. Of course we expect @mtd->erasesize to be != 0.
485 static inline void mtd_align_erase_req(struct mtd_info *mtd,
486 struct erase_info *req)
490 if (WARN_ON(!mtd->erasesize))
493 mod = mtd_mod_by_eb(req->addr, mtd);
499 mod = mtd_mod_by_eb(req->addr + req->len, mtd);
501 req->len += mtd->erasesize - mod;
504 static inline uint32_t mtd_div_by_ws(uint64_t sz, struct mtd_info *mtd)
506 if (mtd->writesize_shift)
507 return sz >> mtd->writesize_shift;
508 do_div(sz, mtd->writesize);
512 static inline uint32_t mtd_mod_by_ws(uint64_t sz, struct mtd_info *mtd)
514 if (mtd->writesize_shift)
515 return sz & mtd->writesize_mask;
516 return do_div(sz, mtd->writesize);
519 static inline int mtd_wunit_per_eb(struct mtd_info *mtd)
521 return mtd->erasesize / mtd->writesize;
524 static inline int mtd_offset_to_wunit(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t offs)
526 return mtd_div_by_ws(mtd_mod_by_eb(offs, mtd), mtd);
529 static inline loff_t mtd_wunit_to_offset(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t base,
532 return base + (wunit * mtd->writesize);
536 static inline int mtd_has_oob(const struct mtd_info *mtd)
538 return mtd->_read_oob && mtd->_write_oob;
541 static inline int mtd_type_is_nand(const struct mtd_info *mtd)
543 return mtd->type == MTD_NANDFLASH || mtd->type == MTD_MLCNANDFLASH;
546 static inline int mtd_can_have_bb(const struct mtd_info *mtd)
548 return !!mtd->_block_isbad;
551 /* Kernel-side ioctl definitions */
553 struct mtd_partition;
554 struct mtd_part_parser_data;
556 extern int mtd_device_parse_register(struct mtd_info *mtd,
557 const char * const *part_probe_types,
558 struct mtd_part_parser_data *parser_data,
559 const struct mtd_partition *defparts,
561 #define mtd_device_register(master, parts, nr_parts) \
562 mtd_device_parse_register(master, NULL, NULL, parts, nr_parts)
563 extern int mtd_device_unregister(struct mtd_info *master);
564 extern struct mtd_info *get_mtd_device(struct mtd_info *mtd, int num);
565 extern int __get_mtd_device(struct mtd_info *mtd);
566 extern void __put_mtd_device(struct mtd_info *mtd);
567 extern struct mtd_info *get_mtd_device_nm(const char *name);
568 extern void put_mtd_device(struct mtd_info *mtd);
571 struct mtd_notifier {
572 void (*add)(struct mtd_info *mtd);
573 void (*remove)(struct mtd_info *mtd);
574 struct list_head list;
578 extern void register_mtd_user (struct mtd_notifier *new);
579 extern int unregister_mtd_user (struct mtd_notifier *old);
580 void *mtd_kmalloc_up_to(const struct mtd_info *mtd, size_t *size);
582 static inline int mtd_is_bitflip(int err) {
583 return err == -EUCLEAN;
586 static inline int mtd_is_eccerr(int err) {
587 return err == -EBADMSG;
590 static inline int mtd_is_bitflip_or_eccerr(int err) {
591 return mtd_is_bitflip(err) || mtd_is_eccerr(err);
594 unsigned mtd_mmap_capabilities(struct mtd_info *mtd);
596 #endif /* __MTD_MTD_H__ */