1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2 #ifndef _LINUX_IVERSION_H
3 #define _LINUX_IVERSION_H
8 * The inode->i_version field:
9 * ---------------------------
10 * The change attribute (i_version) is mandated by NFSv4 and is mostly for
11 * knfsd, but is also used for other purposes (e.g. IMA). The i_version must
12 * appear different to observers if there was a change to the inode's data or
13 * metadata since it was last queried.
15 * Observers see the i_version as a 64-bit number that never decreases. If it
16 * remains the same since it was last checked, then nothing has changed in the
17 * inode. If it's different then something has changed. Observers cannot infer
18 * anything about the nature or magnitude of the changes from the value, only
19 * that the inode has changed in some fashion.
21 * Not all filesystems properly implement the i_version counter. Subsystems that
22 * want to use i_version field on an inode should first check whether the
23 * filesystem sets the SB_I_VERSION flag (usually via the IS_I_VERSION macro).
25 * Those that set SB_I_VERSION will automatically have their i_version counter
26 * incremented on writes to normal files. If the SB_I_VERSION is not set, then
27 * the VFS will not touch it on writes, and the filesystem can use it how it
28 * wishes. Note that the filesystem is always responsible for updating the
29 * i_version on namespace changes in directories (mkdir, rmdir, unlink, etc.).
30 * We consider these sorts of filesystems to have a kernel-managed i_version.
32 * It may be impractical for filesystems to keep i_version updates atomic with
33 * respect to the changes that cause them. They should, however, guarantee
34 * that i_version updates are never visible before the changes that caused
35 * them. Also, i_version updates should never be delayed longer than it takes
36 * the original change to reach disk.
38 * This implementation uses the low bit in the i_version field as a flag to
39 * track when the value has been queried. If it has not been queried since it
40 * was last incremented, we can skip the increment in most cases.
42 * In the event that we're updating the ctime, we will usually go ahead and
43 * bump the i_version anyway. Since that has to go to stable storage in some
44 * fashion, we might as well increment it as well.
46 * With this implementation, the value should always appear to observers to
47 * increase over time if the file has changed. It's recommended to use
48 * inode_eq_iversion() helper to compare values.
50 * Note that some filesystems (e.g. NFS and AFS) just use the field to store
51 * a server-provided value (for the most part). For that reason, those
52 * filesystems do not set SB_I_VERSION. These filesystems are considered to
53 * have a self-managed i_version.
55 * Persistently storing the i_version
56 * ----------------------------------
57 * Queries of the i_version field are not gated on them hitting the backing
58 * store. It's always possible that the host could crash after allowing
59 * a query of the value but before it has made it to disk.
61 * To mitigate this problem, filesystems should always use
62 * inode_set_iversion_queried when loading an existing inode from disk. This
63 * ensures that the next attempted inode increment will result in the value
66 * Storing the value to disk therefore does not count as a query, so those
67 * filesystems should use inode_peek_iversion to grab the value to be stored.
68 * There is no need to flag the value as having been queried in that case.
72 * We borrow the lowest bit in the i_version to use as a flag to tell whether
73 * it has been queried since we last incremented it. If it has, then we must
74 * increment it on the next change. After that, we can clear the flag and
75 * avoid incrementing it again until it has again been queried.
77 #define I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT (1)
78 #define I_VERSION_QUERIED (1ULL << (I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT - 1))
79 #define I_VERSION_INCREMENT (1ULL << I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT)
82 * inode_set_iversion_raw - set i_version to the specified raw value
83 * @inode: inode to set
84 * @val: new i_version value to set
86 * Set @inode's i_version field to @val. This function is for use by
87 * filesystems that self-manage the i_version.
89 * For example, the NFS client stores its NFSv4 change attribute in this way,
90 * and the AFS client stores the data_version from the server here.
93 inode_set_iversion_raw(struct inode *inode, u64 val)
95 atomic64_set(&inode->i_version, val);
99 * inode_peek_iversion_raw - grab a "raw" iversion value
100 * @inode: inode from which i_version should be read
102 * Grab a "raw" inode->i_version value and return it. The i_version is not
103 * flagged or converted in any way. This is mostly used to access a self-managed
106 * With those filesystems, we want to treat the i_version as an entirely
110 inode_peek_iversion_raw(const struct inode *inode)
112 return atomic64_read(&inode->i_version);
116 * inode_set_max_iversion_raw - update i_version new value is larger
117 * @inode: inode to set
118 * @val: new i_version to set
120 * Some self-managed filesystems (e.g Ceph) will only update the i_version
121 * value if the new value is larger than the one we already have.
124 inode_set_max_iversion_raw(struct inode *inode, u64 val)
126 u64 cur = inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode);
131 } while (!atomic64_try_cmpxchg(&inode->i_version, &cur, val));
135 * inode_set_iversion - set i_version to a particular value
136 * @inode: inode to set
137 * @val: new i_version value to set
139 * Set @inode's i_version field to @val. This function is for filesystems with
140 * a kernel-managed i_version, for initializing a newly-created inode from
143 * In this case, we do not set the QUERIED flag since we know that this value
144 * has never been queried.
147 inode_set_iversion(struct inode *inode, u64 val)
149 inode_set_iversion_raw(inode, val << I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT);
153 * inode_set_iversion_queried - set i_version to a particular value as quereied
154 * @inode: inode to set
155 * @val: new i_version value to set
157 * Set @inode's i_version field to @val, and flag it for increment on the next
160 * Filesystems that persistently store the i_version on disk should use this
161 * when loading an existing inode from disk.
163 * When loading in an i_version value from a backing store, we can't be certain
164 * that it wasn't previously viewed before being stored. Thus, we must assume
165 * that it was, to ensure that we don't end up handing out the same value for
166 * different versions of the same inode.
169 inode_set_iversion_queried(struct inode *inode, u64 val)
171 inode_set_iversion_raw(inode, (val << I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT) |
175 bool inode_maybe_inc_iversion(struct inode *inode, bool force);
178 * inode_inc_iversion - forcibly increment i_version
179 * @inode: inode that needs to be updated
181 * Forcbily increment the i_version field. This always results in a change to
182 * the observable value.
185 inode_inc_iversion(struct inode *inode)
187 inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, true);
191 * inode_iversion_need_inc - is the i_version in need of being incremented?
192 * @inode: inode to check
194 * Returns whether the inode->i_version counter needs incrementing on the next
195 * change. Just fetch the value and check the QUERIED flag.
198 inode_iversion_need_inc(struct inode *inode)
200 return inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode) & I_VERSION_QUERIED;
204 * inode_inc_iversion_raw - forcibly increment raw i_version
205 * @inode: inode that needs to be updated
207 * Forcbily increment the raw i_version field. This always results in a change
210 * NFS will use the i_version field to store the value from the server. It
211 * mostly treats it as opaque, but in the case where it holds a write
212 * delegation, it must increment the value itself. This function does that.
215 inode_inc_iversion_raw(struct inode *inode)
217 atomic64_inc(&inode->i_version);
221 * inode_peek_iversion - read i_version without flagging it to be incremented
222 * @inode: inode from which i_version should be read
224 * Read the inode i_version counter for an inode without registering it as a
227 * This is typically used by local filesystems that need to store an i_version
228 * on disk. In that situation, it's not necessary to flag it as having been
229 * viewed, as the result won't be used to gauge changes from that point.
232 inode_peek_iversion(const struct inode *inode)
234 return inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode) >> I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT;
238 * inode_query_iversion - read i_version for later use
239 * @inode: inode from which i_version should be read
241 * Read the inode i_version counter. This should be used by callers that wish
242 * to store the returned i_version for later comparison. This will guarantee
243 * that a later query of the i_version will result in a different value if
244 * anything has changed.
246 * In this implementation, we fetch the current value, set the QUERIED flag and
247 * then try to swap it into place with a cmpxchg, if it wasn't already set. If
248 * that fails, we try again with the newly fetched value from the cmpxchg.
251 inode_query_iversion(struct inode *inode)
255 cur = inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode);
257 /* If flag is already set, then no need to swap */
258 if (cur & I_VERSION_QUERIED) {
260 * This barrier (and the implicit barrier in the
261 * cmpxchg below) pairs with the barrier in
262 * inode_maybe_inc_iversion().
268 new = cur | I_VERSION_QUERIED;
269 } while (!atomic64_try_cmpxchg(&inode->i_version, &cur, new));
270 return cur >> I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT;
274 * For filesystems without any sort of change attribute, the best we can
275 * do is fake one up from the ctime:
277 static inline u64 time_to_chattr(struct timespec64 *t)
279 u64 chattr = t->tv_sec;
282 chattr += t->tv_nsec;
287 * inode_eq_iversion_raw - check whether the raw i_version counter has changed
288 * @inode: inode to check
289 * @old: old value to check against its i_version
291 * Compare the current raw i_version counter with a previous one. Returns true
292 * if they are the same or false if they are different.
295 inode_eq_iversion_raw(const struct inode *inode, u64 old)
297 return inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode) == old;
301 * inode_eq_iversion - check whether the i_version counter has changed
302 * @inode: inode to check
303 * @old: old value to check against its i_version
305 * Compare an i_version counter with a previous one. Returns true if they are
306 * the same, and false if they are different.
308 * Note that we don't need to set the QUERIED flag in this case, as the value
309 * in the inode is not being recorded for later use.
312 inode_eq_iversion(const struct inode *inode, u64 old)
314 return inode_peek_iversion(inode) == old;