1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ */
3 * (C) Copyright 2008 Semihalf
5 * (C) Copyright 2000-2005
6 * Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
7 ********************************************************************
8 * NOTE: This header file defines an interface to U-Boot. Including
9 * this (unmodified) header file in another file is considered normal
10 * use of U-Boot, and does *not* fall under the heading of "derived
12 ********************************************************************
19 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
22 /* Define this to avoid #ifdefs later on */
27 #include <sys/types.h>
29 /* new uImage format support enabled on host */
30 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_FIT 1
31 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_OF_LIBFDT 1
32 #define CONFIG_FIT_VERBOSE 1 /* enable fit_format_{error,warning}() */
33 #define CONFIG_FIT_ENABLE_SHA256_SUPPORT
37 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_IGNORE 0
38 #define IMAGE_INDENT_STRING ""
43 #include <asm/u-boot.h>
46 /* Take notice of the 'ignore' property for hashes */
47 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_IGNORE 1
48 #define IMAGE_INDENT_STRING " "
50 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_FIT CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(FIT)
51 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_OF_LIBFDT CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(OF_LIBFDT)
53 #endif /* USE_HOSTCC */
57 #include <linux/libfdt.h>
58 #include <fdt_support.h>
59 # ifdef CONFIG_SPL_BUILD
60 # ifdef CONFIG_SPL_CRC32_SUPPORT
61 # define IMAGE_ENABLE_CRC32 1
63 # ifdef CONFIG_SPL_MD5_SUPPORT
64 # define IMAGE_ENABLE_MD5 1
66 # ifdef CONFIG_SPL_SHA1_SUPPORT
67 # define IMAGE_ENABLE_SHA1 1
70 # define CONFIG_CRC32 /* FIT images need CRC32 support */
71 # define IMAGE_ENABLE_CRC32 1
72 # define IMAGE_ENABLE_MD5 1
73 # define IMAGE_ENABLE_SHA1 1
76 #ifndef IMAGE_ENABLE_CRC32
77 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_CRC32 0
80 #ifndef IMAGE_ENABLE_MD5
81 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_MD5 0
84 #ifndef IMAGE_ENABLE_SHA1
85 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_SHA1 0
88 #if defined(CONFIG_FIT_ENABLE_SHA256_SUPPORT) || \
89 defined(CONFIG_SPL_SHA256_SUPPORT)
90 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_SHA256 1
92 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_SHA256 0
95 #endif /* IMAGE_ENABLE_FIT */
97 #ifdef CONFIG_SYS_BOOT_GET_CMDLINE
98 # define IMAGE_BOOT_GET_CMDLINE 1
100 # define IMAGE_BOOT_GET_CMDLINE 0
103 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_BOARD_SETUP
104 # define IMAGE_OF_BOARD_SETUP 1
106 # define IMAGE_OF_BOARD_SETUP 0
109 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_SYSTEM_SETUP
110 # define IMAGE_OF_SYSTEM_SETUP 1
112 # define IMAGE_OF_SYSTEM_SETUP 0
125 * Operating System Codes
127 * The following are exposed to uImage header.
128 * Do not change values for backward compatibility.
131 IH_OS_INVALID = 0, /* Invalid OS */
132 IH_OS_OPENBSD, /* OpenBSD */
133 IH_OS_NETBSD, /* NetBSD */
134 IH_OS_FREEBSD, /* FreeBSD */
135 IH_OS_4_4BSD, /* 4.4BSD */
136 IH_OS_LINUX, /* Linux */
137 IH_OS_SVR4, /* SVR4 */
138 IH_OS_ESIX, /* Esix */
139 IH_OS_SOLARIS, /* Solaris */
140 IH_OS_IRIX, /* Irix */
142 IH_OS_DELL, /* Dell */
144 IH_OS_LYNXOS, /* LynxOS */
145 IH_OS_VXWORKS, /* VxWorks */
146 IH_OS_PSOS, /* pSOS */
148 IH_OS_U_BOOT, /* Firmware */
149 IH_OS_RTEMS, /* RTEMS */
150 IH_OS_ARTOS, /* ARTOS */
151 IH_OS_UNITY, /* Unity OS */
152 IH_OS_INTEGRITY, /* INTEGRITY */
154 IH_OS_PLAN9, /* Plan 9 */
155 IH_OS_OPENRTOS, /* OpenRTOS */
156 IH_OS_ARM_TRUSTED_FIRMWARE, /* ARM Trusted Firmware */
157 IH_OS_TEE, /* Trusted Execution Environment */
163 * CPU Architecture Codes (supported by Linux)
165 * The following are exposed to uImage header.
166 * Do not change values for backward compatibility.
169 IH_ARCH_INVALID = 0, /* Invalid CPU */
170 IH_ARCH_ALPHA, /* Alpha */
171 IH_ARCH_ARM, /* ARM */
172 IH_ARCH_I386, /* Intel x86 */
173 IH_ARCH_IA64, /* IA64 */
174 IH_ARCH_MIPS, /* MIPS */
175 IH_ARCH_MIPS64, /* MIPS 64 Bit */
176 IH_ARCH_PPC, /* PowerPC */
177 IH_ARCH_S390, /* IBM S390 */
178 IH_ARCH_SH, /* SuperH */
179 IH_ARCH_SPARC, /* Sparc */
180 IH_ARCH_SPARC64, /* Sparc 64 Bit */
181 IH_ARCH_M68K, /* M68K */
182 IH_ARCH_NIOS, /* Nios-32 */
183 IH_ARCH_MICROBLAZE, /* MicroBlaze */
184 IH_ARCH_NIOS2, /* Nios-II */
185 IH_ARCH_BLACKFIN, /* Blackfin */
186 IH_ARCH_AVR32, /* AVR32 */
187 IH_ARCH_ST200, /* STMicroelectronics ST200 */
188 IH_ARCH_SANDBOX, /* Sandbox architecture (test only) */
189 IH_ARCH_NDS32, /* ANDES Technology - NDS32 */
190 IH_ARCH_OPENRISC, /* OpenRISC 1000 */
191 IH_ARCH_ARM64, /* ARM64 */
192 IH_ARCH_ARC, /* Synopsys DesignWare ARC */
193 IH_ARCH_X86_64, /* AMD x86_64, Intel and Via */
194 IH_ARCH_XTENSA, /* Xtensa */
195 IH_ARCH_RISCV, /* RISC-V */
203 * "Standalone Programs" are directly runnable in the environment
204 * provided by U-Boot; it is expected that (if they behave
205 * well) you can continue to work in U-Boot after return from
206 * the Standalone Program.
207 * "OS Kernel Images" are usually images of some Embedded OS which
208 * will take over control completely. Usually these programs
209 * will install their own set of exception handlers, device
210 * drivers, set up the MMU, etc. - this means, that you cannot
211 * expect to re-enter U-Boot except by resetting the CPU.
212 * "RAMDisk Images" are more or less just data blocks, and their
213 * parameters (address, size) are passed to an OS kernel that is
215 * "Multi-File Images" contain several images, typically an OS
216 * (Linux) kernel image and one or more data images like
217 * RAMDisks. This construct is useful for instance when you want
218 * to boot over the network using BOOTP etc., where the boot
219 * server provides just a single image file, but you want to get
220 * for instance an OS kernel and a RAMDisk image.
222 * "Multi-File Images" start with a list of image sizes, each
223 * image size (in bytes) specified by an "uint32_t" in network
224 * byte order. This list is terminated by an "(uint32_t)0".
225 * Immediately after the terminating 0 follow the images, one by
226 * one, all aligned on "uint32_t" boundaries (size rounded up to
227 * a multiple of 4 bytes - except for the last file).
229 * "Firmware Images" are binary images containing firmware (like
230 * U-Boot or FPGA images) which usually will be programmed to
233 * "Script files" are command sequences that will be executed by
234 * U-Boot's command interpreter; this feature is especially
235 * useful when you configure U-Boot to use a real shell (hush)
236 * as command interpreter (=> Shell Scripts).
238 * The following are exposed to uImage header.
239 * Do not change values for backward compatibility.
243 IH_TYPE_INVALID = 0, /* Invalid Image */
244 IH_TYPE_STANDALONE, /* Standalone Program */
245 IH_TYPE_KERNEL, /* OS Kernel Image */
246 IH_TYPE_RAMDISK, /* RAMDisk Image */
247 IH_TYPE_MULTI, /* Multi-File Image */
248 IH_TYPE_FIRMWARE, /* Firmware Image */
249 IH_TYPE_SCRIPT, /* Script file */
250 IH_TYPE_FILESYSTEM, /* Filesystem Image (any type) */
251 IH_TYPE_FLATDT, /* Binary Flat Device Tree Blob */
252 IH_TYPE_KWBIMAGE, /* Kirkwood Boot Image */
253 IH_TYPE_IMXIMAGE, /* Freescale IMXBoot Image */
254 IH_TYPE_IMX8IMAGE, /* Freescale IMX8Boot Image */
255 IH_TYPE_UBLIMAGE, /* Davinci UBL Image */
256 IH_TYPE_OMAPIMAGE, /* TI OMAP Config Header Image */
257 IH_TYPE_AISIMAGE, /* TI Davinci AIS Image */
258 /* OS Kernel Image, can run from any load address */
259 IH_TYPE_KERNEL_NOLOAD,
260 IH_TYPE_PBLIMAGE, /* Freescale PBL Boot Image */
261 IH_TYPE_MXSIMAGE, /* Freescale MXSBoot Image */
262 IH_TYPE_GPIMAGE, /* TI Keystone GPHeader Image */
263 IH_TYPE_ATMELIMAGE, /* ATMEL ROM bootable Image */
264 IH_TYPE_SOCFPGAIMAGE, /* Altera SOCFPGA CV/AV Preloader */
265 IH_TYPE_X86_SETUP, /* x86 setup.bin Image */
266 IH_TYPE_LPC32XXIMAGE, /* x86 setup.bin Image */
267 IH_TYPE_LOADABLE, /* A list of typeless images */
268 IH_TYPE_RKIMAGE, /* Rockchip Boot Image */
269 IH_TYPE_RKSD, /* Rockchip SD card */
270 IH_TYPE_RKSPI, /* Rockchip SPI image */
271 IH_TYPE_ZYNQIMAGE, /* Xilinx Zynq Boot Image */
272 IH_TYPE_ZYNQMPIMAGE, /* Xilinx ZynqMP Boot Image */
273 IH_TYPE_ZYNQMPBIF, /* Xilinx ZynqMP Boot Image (bif) */
274 IH_TYPE_FPGA, /* FPGA Image */
275 IH_TYPE_VYBRIDIMAGE, /* VYBRID .vyb Image */
276 IH_TYPE_TEE, /* Trusted Execution Environment OS Image */
277 IH_TYPE_FIRMWARE_IVT, /* Firmware Image with HABv4 IVT */
278 IH_TYPE_PMMC, /* TI Power Management Micro-Controller Firmware */
279 IH_TYPE_STM32IMAGE, /* STMicroelectronics STM32 Image */
280 IH_TYPE_SOCFPGAIMAGE_V1, /* Altera SOCFPGA A10 Preloader */
282 IH_TYPE_COUNT, /* Number of image types */
288 * The following are exposed to uImage header.
289 * Do not change values for backward compatibility.
292 IH_COMP_NONE = 0, /* No Compression Used */
293 IH_COMP_GZIP, /* gzip Compression Used */
294 IH_COMP_BZIP2, /* bzip2 Compression Used */
295 IH_COMP_LZMA, /* lzma Compression Used */
296 IH_COMP_LZO, /* lzo Compression Used */
297 IH_COMP_LZ4, /* lz4 Compression Used */
302 #define IH_MAGIC 0x27051956 /* Image Magic Number */
303 #define IH_NMLEN 32 /* Image Name Length */
305 /* Reused from common.h */
306 #define ROUND(a, b) (((a) + (b) - 1) & ~((b) - 1))
309 * Legacy format image header,
310 * all data in network byte order (aka natural aka bigendian).
312 typedef struct image_header {
313 __be32 ih_magic; /* Image Header Magic Number */
314 __be32 ih_hcrc; /* Image Header CRC Checksum */
315 __be32 ih_time; /* Image Creation Timestamp */
316 __be32 ih_size; /* Image Data Size */
317 __be32 ih_load; /* Data Load Address */
318 __be32 ih_ep; /* Entry Point Address */
319 __be32 ih_dcrc; /* Image Data CRC Checksum */
320 uint8_t ih_os; /* Operating System */
321 uint8_t ih_arch; /* CPU architecture */
322 uint8_t ih_type; /* Image Type */
323 uint8_t ih_comp; /* Compression Type */
324 uint8_t ih_name[IH_NMLEN]; /* Image Name */
327 typedef struct image_info {
328 ulong start, end; /* start/end of blob */
329 ulong image_start, image_len; /* start of image within blob, len of image */
330 ulong load; /* load addr for the image */
331 uint8_t comp, type, os; /* compression, type of image, os type */
332 uint8_t arch; /* CPU architecture */
336 * Legacy and FIT format headers used by do_bootm() and do_bootm_<os>()
339 typedef struct bootm_headers {
341 * Legacy os image header, if it is a multi component image
342 * then boot_get_ramdisk() and get_fdt() will attempt to get
343 * data from second and third component accordingly.
345 image_header_t *legacy_hdr_os; /* image header pointer */
346 image_header_t legacy_hdr_os_copy; /* header copy */
347 ulong legacy_hdr_valid;
350 const char *fit_uname_cfg; /* configuration node unit name */
352 void *fit_hdr_os; /* os FIT image header */
353 const char *fit_uname_os; /* os subimage node unit name */
354 int fit_noffset_os; /* os subimage node offset */
356 void *fit_hdr_rd; /* init ramdisk FIT image header */
357 const char *fit_uname_rd; /* init ramdisk subimage node unit name */
358 int fit_noffset_rd; /* init ramdisk subimage node offset */
360 void *fit_hdr_fdt; /* FDT blob FIT image header */
361 const char *fit_uname_fdt; /* FDT blob subimage node unit name */
362 int fit_noffset_fdt;/* FDT blob subimage node offset */
364 void *fit_hdr_setup; /* x86 setup FIT image header */
365 const char *fit_uname_setup; /* x86 setup subimage node name */
366 int fit_noffset_setup;/* x86 setup subimage node offset */
370 image_info_t os; /* os image info */
371 ulong ep; /* entry point of OS */
373 ulong rd_start, rd_end;/* ramdisk start/end */
375 char *ft_addr; /* flat dev tree address */
376 ulong ft_len; /* length of flat device tree */
385 int verify; /* env_get("verify")[0] != 'n' */
387 #define BOOTM_STATE_START (0x00000001)
388 #define BOOTM_STATE_FINDOS (0x00000002)
389 #define BOOTM_STATE_FINDOTHER (0x00000004)
390 #define BOOTM_STATE_LOADOS (0x00000008)
391 #define BOOTM_STATE_RAMDISK (0x00000010)
392 #define BOOTM_STATE_FDT (0x00000020)
393 #define BOOTM_STATE_OS_CMDLINE (0x00000040)
394 #define BOOTM_STATE_OS_BD_T (0x00000080)
395 #define BOOTM_STATE_OS_PREP (0x00000100)
396 #define BOOTM_STATE_OS_FAKE_GO (0x00000200) /* 'Almost' run the OS */
397 #define BOOTM_STATE_OS_GO (0x00000400)
401 struct lmb lmb; /* for memory mgmt */
405 extern bootm_headers_t images;
408 * Some systems (for example LWMON) have very short watchdog periods;
409 * we must make sure to split long operations like memmove() or
410 * checksum calculations into reasonable chunks.
413 #define CHUNKSZ (64 * 1024)
416 #ifndef CHUNKSZ_CRC32
417 #define CHUNKSZ_CRC32 (64 * 1024)
421 #define CHUNKSZ_MD5 (64 * 1024)
425 #define CHUNKSZ_SHA1 (64 * 1024)
428 #define uimage_to_cpu(x) be32_to_cpu(x)
429 #define cpu_to_uimage(x) cpu_to_be32(x)
432 * Translation table for entries of a specific type; used by
433 * get_table_entry_id() and get_table_entry_name().
435 typedef struct table_entry {
437 char *sname; /* short (input) name to find table entry */
438 char *lname; /* long (output) name to print for messages */
442 * get_table_entry_id() scans the translation table trying to find an
443 * entry that matches the given short name. If a matching entry is
444 * found, it's id is returned to the caller.
446 int get_table_entry_id(const table_entry_t *table,
447 const char *table_name, const char *name);
449 * get_table_entry_name() scans the translation table trying to find
450 * an entry that matches the given id. If a matching entry is found,
451 * its long name is returned to the caller.
453 char *get_table_entry_name(const table_entry_t *table, char *msg, int id);
455 const char *genimg_get_os_name(uint8_t os);
458 * genimg_get_os_short_name() - get the short name for an OS
460 * @param os OS (IH_OS_...)
461 * @return OS short name, or "unknown" if unknown
463 const char *genimg_get_os_short_name(uint8_t comp);
465 const char *genimg_get_arch_name(uint8_t arch);
468 * genimg_get_arch_short_name() - get the short name for an architecture
470 * @param arch Architecture type (IH_ARCH_...)
471 * @return architecture short name, or "unknown" if unknown
473 const char *genimg_get_arch_short_name(uint8_t arch);
475 const char *genimg_get_type_name(uint8_t type);
478 * genimg_get_type_short_name() - get the short name for an image type
480 * @param type Image type (IH_TYPE_...)
481 * @return image short name, or "unknown" if unknown
483 const char *genimg_get_type_short_name(uint8_t type);
485 const char *genimg_get_comp_name(uint8_t comp);
488 * genimg_get_comp_short_name() - get the short name for a compression method
490 * @param comp compression method (IH_COMP_...)
491 * @return compression method short name, or "unknown" if unknown
493 const char *genimg_get_comp_short_name(uint8_t comp);
496 * genimg_get_cat_name() - Get the name of an item in a category
498 * @category: Category of item
500 * @return name of item, or "Unknown ..." if unknown
502 const char *genimg_get_cat_name(enum ih_category category, uint id);
505 * genimg_get_cat_short_name() - Get the short name of an item in a category
507 * @category: Category of item
509 * @return short name of item, or "Unknown ..." if unknown
511 const char *genimg_get_cat_short_name(enum ih_category category, uint id);
514 * genimg_get_cat_count() - Get the number of items in a category
516 * @category: Category to check
517 * @return the number of items in the category (IH_xxx_COUNT)
519 int genimg_get_cat_count(enum ih_category category);
522 * genimg_get_cat_desc() - Get the description of a category
524 * @return the description of a category, e.g. "architecture". This
525 * effectively converts the enum to a string.
527 const char *genimg_get_cat_desc(enum ih_category category);
529 int genimg_get_os_id(const char *name);
530 int genimg_get_arch_id(const char *name);
531 int genimg_get_type_id(const char *name);
532 int genimg_get_comp_id(const char *name);
533 void genimg_print_size(uint32_t size);
535 #if defined(CONFIG_TIMESTAMP) || defined(CONFIG_CMD_DATE) || \
537 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_TIMESTAMP 1
539 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_TIMESTAMP 0
541 void genimg_print_time(time_t timestamp);
543 /* What to do with a image load address ('load = <> 'in the FIT) */
545 FIT_LOAD_IGNORED, /* Ignore load address */
546 FIT_LOAD_OPTIONAL, /* Can be provided, but optional */
547 FIT_LOAD_OPTIONAL_NON_ZERO, /* Optional, a value of 0 is ignored */
548 FIT_LOAD_REQUIRED, /* Must be provided */
551 int boot_get_setup(bootm_headers_t *images, uint8_t arch, ulong *setup_start,
555 /* Image format types, returned by _get_format() routine */
556 #define IMAGE_FORMAT_INVALID 0x00
557 #if defined(CONFIG_IMAGE_FORMAT_LEGACY)
558 #define IMAGE_FORMAT_LEGACY 0x01 /* legacy image_header based format */
560 #define IMAGE_FORMAT_FIT 0x02 /* new, libfdt based format */
561 #define IMAGE_FORMAT_ANDROID 0x03 /* Android boot image */
563 ulong genimg_get_kernel_addr_fit(char * const img_addr,
564 const char **fit_uname_config,
565 const char **fit_uname_kernel);
566 ulong genimg_get_kernel_addr(char * const img_addr);
567 int genimg_get_format(const void *img_addr);
568 int genimg_has_config(bootm_headers_t *images);
570 int boot_get_fpga(int argc, char * const argv[], bootm_headers_t *images,
571 uint8_t arch, const ulong *ld_start, ulong * const ld_len);
572 int boot_get_ramdisk(int argc, char * const argv[], bootm_headers_t *images,
573 uint8_t arch, ulong *rd_start, ulong *rd_end);
576 * boot_get_loadable - routine to load a list of binaries to memory
577 * @argc: Ignored Argument
578 * @argv: Ignored Argument
579 * @images: pointer to the bootm images structure
580 * @arch: expected architecture for the image
581 * @ld_start: Ignored Argument
582 * @ld_len: Ignored Argument
584 * boot_get_loadable() will take the given FIT configuration, and look
585 * for a field named "loadables". Loadables, is a list of elements in
586 * the FIT given as strings. exe:
587 * loadables = "linux_kernel", "fdt-2";
588 * this function will attempt to parse each string, and load the
589 * corresponding element from the FIT into memory. Once placed,
590 * no aditional actions are taken.
593 * 0, if only valid images or no images are found
594 * error code, if an error occurs during fit_image_load
596 int boot_get_loadable(int argc, char * const argv[], bootm_headers_t *images,
597 uint8_t arch, const ulong *ld_start, ulong * const ld_len);
598 #endif /* !USE_HOSTCC */
600 int boot_get_setup_fit(bootm_headers_t *images, uint8_t arch,
601 ulong *setup_start, ulong *setup_len);
604 * boot_get_fdt_fit() - load a DTB from a FIT file (applying overlays)
606 * This deals with all aspects of loading an DTB from a FIT.
607 * The correct base image based on configuration will be selected, and
608 * then any overlays specified will be applied (as present in fit_uname_configp).
610 * @param images Boot images structure
611 * @param addr Address of FIT in memory
612 * @param fit_unamep On entry this is the requested image name
613 * (e.g. "kernel") or NULL to use the default. On exit
614 * points to the selected image name
615 * @param fit_uname_configp On entry this is the requested configuration
616 * name (e.g. "conf-1") or NULL to use the default. On
617 * exit points to the selected configuration name.
618 * @param arch Expected architecture (IH_ARCH_...)
619 * @param datap Returns address of loaded image
620 * @param lenp Returns length of loaded image
622 * @return node offset of base image, or -ve error code on error
624 int boot_get_fdt_fit(bootm_headers_t *images, ulong addr,
625 const char **fit_unamep, const char **fit_uname_configp,
626 int arch, ulong *datap, ulong *lenp);
629 * fit_image_load() - load an image from a FIT
631 * This deals with all aspects of loading an image from a FIT, including
632 * selecting the right image based on configuration, verifying it, printing
633 * out progress messages, checking the type/arch/os and optionally copying it
634 * to the right load address.
636 * The property to look up is defined by image_type.
638 * @param images Boot images structure
639 * @param addr Address of FIT in memory
640 * @param fit_unamep On entry this is the requested image name
641 * (e.g. "kernel") or NULL to use the default. On exit
642 * points to the selected image name
643 * @param fit_uname_configp On entry this is the requested configuration
644 * name (e.g. "conf-1") or NULL to use the default. On
645 * exit points to the selected configuration name.
646 * @param arch Expected architecture (IH_ARCH_...)
647 * @param image_type Required image type (IH_TYPE_...). If this is
648 * IH_TYPE_KERNEL then we allow IH_TYPE_KERNEL_NOLOAD
650 * @param bootstage_id ID of starting bootstage to use for progress updates.
651 * This will be added to the BOOTSTAGE_SUB values when
652 * calling bootstage_mark()
653 * @param load_op Decribes what to do with the load address
654 * @param datap Returns address of loaded image
655 * @param lenp Returns length of loaded image
656 * @return node offset of image, or -ve error code on error
658 int fit_image_load(bootm_headers_t *images, ulong addr,
659 const char **fit_unamep, const char **fit_uname_configp,
660 int arch, int image_type, int bootstage_id,
661 enum fit_load_op load_op, ulong *datap, ulong *lenp);
665 * fit_get_node_from_config() - Look up an image a FIT by type
667 * This looks in the selected conf- node (images->fit_uname_cfg) for a
668 * particular image type (e.g. "kernel") and then finds the image that is
671 * For example, for something like:
684 * the function will return the node offset of the kernel@1 node, assuming
685 * that conf-1 is the chosen configuration.
687 * @param images Boot images structure
688 * @param prop_name Property name to look up (FIT_..._PROP)
689 * @param addr Address of FIT in memory
691 int fit_get_node_from_config(bootm_headers_t *images, const char *prop_name,
694 int boot_get_fdt(int flag, int argc, char * const argv[], uint8_t arch,
695 bootm_headers_t *images,
696 char **of_flat_tree, ulong *of_size);
697 void boot_fdt_add_mem_rsv_regions(struct lmb *lmb, void *fdt_blob);
698 int boot_relocate_fdt(struct lmb *lmb, char **of_flat_tree, ulong *of_size);
700 int boot_ramdisk_high(struct lmb *lmb, ulong rd_data, ulong rd_len,
701 ulong *initrd_start, ulong *initrd_end);
702 int boot_get_cmdline(struct lmb *lmb, ulong *cmd_start, ulong *cmd_end);
703 #ifdef CONFIG_SYS_BOOT_GET_KBD
704 int boot_get_kbd(struct lmb *lmb, bd_t **kbd);
705 #endif /* CONFIG_SYS_BOOT_GET_KBD */
706 #endif /* !USE_HOSTCC */
708 /*******************************************************************/
709 /* Legacy format specific code (prefixed with image_) */
710 /*******************************************************************/
711 static inline uint32_t image_get_header_size(void)
713 return (sizeof(image_header_t));
716 #define image_get_hdr_l(f) \
717 static inline uint32_t image_get_##f(const image_header_t *hdr) \
719 return uimage_to_cpu(hdr->ih_##f); \
721 image_get_hdr_l(magic) /* image_get_magic */
722 image_get_hdr_l(hcrc) /* image_get_hcrc */
723 image_get_hdr_l(time) /* image_get_time */
724 image_get_hdr_l(size) /* image_get_size */
725 image_get_hdr_l(load) /* image_get_load */
726 image_get_hdr_l(ep) /* image_get_ep */
727 image_get_hdr_l(dcrc) /* image_get_dcrc */
729 #define image_get_hdr_b(f) \
730 static inline uint8_t image_get_##f(const image_header_t *hdr) \
732 return hdr->ih_##f; \
734 image_get_hdr_b(os) /* image_get_os */
735 image_get_hdr_b(arch) /* image_get_arch */
736 image_get_hdr_b(type) /* image_get_type */
737 image_get_hdr_b(comp) /* image_get_comp */
739 static inline char *image_get_name(const image_header_t *hdr)
741 return (char *)hdr->ih_name;
744 static inline uint32_t image_get_data_size(const image_header_t *hdr)
746 return image_get_size(hdr);
750 * image_get_data - get image payload start address
753 * image_get_data() returns address of the image payload. For single
754 * component images it is image data start. For multi component
755 * images it points to the null terminated table of sub-images sizes.
758 * image payload data start address
760 static inline ulong image_get_data(const image_header_t *hdr)
762 return ((ulong)hdr + image_get_header_size());
765 static inline uint32_t image_get_image_size(const image_header_t *hdr)
767 return (image_get_size(hdr) + image_get_header_size());
769 static inline ulong image_get_image_end(const image_header_t *hdr)
771 return ((ulong)hdr + image_get_image_size(hdr));
774 #define image_set_hdr_l(f) \
775 static inline void image_set_##f(image_header_t *hdr, uint32_t val) \
777 hdr->ih_##f = cpu_to_uimage(val); \
779 image_set_hdr_l(magic) /* image_set_magic */
780 image_set_hdr_l(hcrc) /* image_set_hcrc */
781 image_set_hdr_l(time) /* image_set_time */
782 image_set_hdr_l(size) /* image_set_size */
783 image_set_hdr_l(load) /* image_set_load */
784 image_set_hdr_l(ep) /* image_set_ep */
785 image_set_hdr_l(dcrc) /* image_set_dcrc */
787 #define image_set_hdr_b(f) \
788 static inline void image_set_##f(image_header_t *hdr, uint8_t val) \
792 image_set_hdr_b(os) /* image_set_os */
793 image_set_hdr_b(arch) /* image_set_arch */
794 image_set_hdr_b(type) /* image_set_type */
795 image_set_hdr_b(comp) /* image_set_comp */
797 static inline void image_set_name(image_header_t *hdr, const char *name)
799 strncpy(image_get_name(hdr), name, IH_NMLEN);
802 int image_check_hcrc(const image_header_t *hdr);
803 int image_check_dcrc(const image_header_t *hdr);
805 ulong env_get_bootm_low(void);
806 phys_size_t env_get_bootm_size(void);
807 phys_size_t env_get_bootm_mapsize(void);
809 void memmove_wd(void *to, void *from, size_t len, ulong chunksz);
811 static inline int image_check_magic(const image_header_t *hdr)
813 return (image_get_magic(hdr) == IH_MAGIC);
815 static inline int image_check_type(const image_header_t *hdr, uint8_t type)
817 return (image_get_type(hdr) == type);
819 static inline int image_check_arch(const image_header_t *hdr, uint8_t arch)
821 return (image_get_arch(hdr) == arch) ||
822 (image_get_arch(hdr) == IH_ARCH_ARM && arch == IH_ARCH_ARM64);
824 static inline int image_check_os(const image_header_t *hdr, uint8_t os)
826 return (image_get_os(hdr) == os);
829 ulong image_multi_count(const image_header_t *hdr);
830 void image_multi_getimg(const image_header_t *hdr, ulong idx,
831 ulong *data, ulong *len);
833 void image_print_contents(const void *hdr);
836 static inline int image_check_target_arch(const image_header_t *hdr)
838 #ifndef IH_ARCH_DEFAULT
839 # error "please define IH_ARCH_DEFAULT in your arch asm/u-boot.h"
841 return image_check_arch(hdr, IH_ARCH_DEFAULT);
843 #endif /* USE_HOSTCC */
846 * Set up properties in the FDT
848 * This sets up properties in the FDT that is to be passed to linux.
850 * @images: Images information
851 * @blob: FDT to update
852 * @of_size: Size of the FDT
853 * @lmb: Points to logical memory block structure
854 * @return 0 if ok, <0 on failure
856 int image_setup_libfdt(bootm_headers_t *images, void *blob,
857 int of_size, struct lmb *lmb);
860 * Set up the FDT to use for booting a kernel
862 * This performs ramdisk setup, sets up the FDT if required, and adds
863 * paramters to the FDT if libfdt is available.
865 * @param images Images information
866 * @return 0 if ok, <0 on failure
868 int image_setup_linux(bootm_headers_t *images);
871 * bootz_setup() - Extract stat and size of a Linux xImage
873 * @image: Address of image
874 * @start: Returns start address of image
875 * @end : Returns end address of image
876 * @return 0 if OK, 1 if the image was not recognised
878 int bootz_setup(ulong image, ulong *start, ulong *end);
881 * Return the correct start address and size of a Linux aarch64 Image.
883 * @image: Address of image
884 * @start: Returns start address of image
885 * @size : Returns size image
886 * @force_reloc: Ignore image->ep field, always place image to RAM start
887 * @return 0 if OK, 1 if the image was not recognised
889 int booti_setup(ulong image, ulong *relocated_addr, ulong *size,
892 /*******************************************************************/
893 /* New uImage format specific code (prefixed with fit_) */
894 /*******************************************************************/
896 #define FIT_IMAGES_PATH "/images"
897 #define FIT_CONFS_PATH "/configurations"
899 /* hash/signature node */
900 #define FIT_HASH_NODENAME "hash"
901 #define FIT_ALGO_PROP "algo"
902 #define FIT_VALUE_PROP "value"
903 #define FIT_IGNORE_PROP "uboot-ignore"
904 #define FIT_SIG_NODENAME "signature"
907 #define FIT_DATA_PROP "data"
908 #define FIT_DATA_POSITION_PROP "data-position"
909 #define FIT_DATA_OFFSET_PROP "data-offset"
910 #define FIT_DATA_SIZE_PROP "data-size"
911 #define FIT_TIMESTAMP_PROP "timestamp"
912 #define FIT_DESC_PROP "description"
913 #define FIT_ARCH_PROP "arch"
914 #define FIT_TYPE_PROP "type"
915 #define FIT_OS_PROP "os"
916 #define FIT_COMP_PROP "compression"
917 #define FIT_ENTRY_PROP "entry"
918 #define FIT_LOAD_PROP "load"
920 /* configuration node */
921 #define FIT_KERNEL_PROP "kernel"
922 #define FIT_RAMDISK_PROP "ramdisk"
923 #define FIT_FDT_PROP "fdt"
924 #define FIT_LOADABLE_PROP "loadables"
925 #define FIT_DEFAULT_PROP "default"
926 #define FIT_SETUP_PROP "setup"
927 #define FIT_FPGA_PROP "fpga"
928 #define FIT_FIRMWARE_PROP "firmware"
929 #define FIT_STANDALONE_PROP "standalone"
931 #define FIT_MAX_HASH_LEN HASH_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE
934 /* cmdline argument format parsing */
935 int fit_parse_conf(const char *spec, ulong addr_curr,
936 ulong *addr, const char **conf_name);
937 int fit_parse_subimage(const char *spec, ulong addr_curr,
938 ulong *addr, const char **image_name);
940 int fit_get_subimage_count(const void *fit, int images_noffset);
941 void fit_print_contents(const void *fit);
942 void fit_image_print(const void *fit, int noffset, const char *p);
945 * fit_get_end - get FIT image size
946 * @fit: pointer to the FIT format image header
949 * size of the FIT image (blob) in memory
951 static inline ulong fit_get_size(const void *fit)
953 return fdt_totalsize(fit);
957 * fit_get_end - get FIT image end
958 * @fit: pointer to the FIT format image header
961 * end address of the FIT image (blob) in memory
963 ulong fit_get_end(const void *fit);
966 * fit_get_name - get FIT node name
967 * @fit: pointer to the FIT format image header
971 * pointer to node name, on success
973 static inline const char *fit_get_name(const void *fit_hdr,
974 int noffset, int *len)
976 return fdt_get_name(fit_hdr, noffset, len);
979 int fit_get_desc(const void *fit, int noffset, char **desc);
980 int fit_get_timestamp(const void *fit, int noffset, time_t *timestamp);
982 int fit_image_get_node(const void *fit, const char *image_uname);
983 int fit_image_get_os(const void *fit, int noffset, uint8_t *os);
984 int fit_image_get_arch(const void *fit, int noffset, uint8_t *arch);
985 int fit_image_get_type(const void *fit, int noffset, uint8_t *type);
986 int fit_image_get_comp(const void *fit, int noffset, uint8_t *comp);
987 int fit_image_get_load(const void *fit, int noffset, ulong *load);
988 int fit_image_get_entry(const void *fit, int noffset, ulong *entry);
989 int fit_image_get_data(const void *fit, int noffset,
990 const void **data, size_t *size);
991 int fit_image_get_data_offset(const void *fit, int noffset, int *data_offset);
992 int fit_image_get_data_position(const void *fit, int noffset,
994 int fit_image_get_data_size(const void *fit, int noffset, int *data_size);
995 int fit_image_get_data_and_size(const void *fit, int noffset,
996 const void **data, size_t *size);
998 int fit_image_hash_get_algo(const void *fit, int noffset, char **algo);
999 int fit_image_hash_get_value(const void *fit, int noffset, uint8_t **value,
1002 int fit_set_timestamp(void *fit, int noffset, time_t timestamp);
1005 * fit_add_verification_data() - add verification data to FIT image nodes
1007 * @keydir: Directory containing keys
1008 * @kwydest: FDT blob to write public key information to
1009 * @fit: Pointer to the FIT format image header
1010 * @comment: Comment to add to signature nodes
1011 * @require_keys: Mark all keys as 'required'
1012 * @engine_id: Engine to use for signing
1013 * @cmdname: Command name used when reporting errors
1015 * Adds hash values for all component images in the FIT blob.
1016 * Hashes are calculated for all component images which have hash subnodes
1017 * with algorithm property set to one of the supported hash algorithms.
1019 * Also add signatures if signature nodes are present.
1023 * libfdt error code, on failure
1025 int fit_add_verification_data(const char *keydir, void *keydest, void *fit,
1026 const char *comment, int require_keys,
1027 const char *engine_id, const char *cmdname);
1029 int fit_image_verify_with_data(const void *fit, int image_noffset,
1030 const void *data, size_t size);
1031 int fit_image_verify(const void *fit, int noffset);
1032 int fit_config_verify(const void *fit, int conf_noffset);
1033 int fit_all_image_verify(const void *fit);
1034 int fit_image_check_os(const void *fit, int noffset, uint8_t os);
1035 int fit_image_check_arch(const void *fit, int noffset, uint8_t arch);
1036 int fit_image_check_type(const void *fit, int noffset, uint8_t type);
1037 int fit_image_check_comp(const void *fit, int noffset, uint8_t comp);
1038 int fit_check_format(const void *fit);
1040 int fit_conf_find_compat(const void *fit, const void *fdt);
1041 int fit_conf_get_node(const void *fit, const char *conf_uname);
1044 * fit_conf_get_prop_node() - Get node refered to by a configuration
1045 * @fit: FIT to check
1046 * @noffset: Offset of conf@xxx node to check
1047 * @prop_name: Property to read from the conf node
1049 * The conf- nodes contain references to other nodes, using properties
1050 * like 'kernel = "kernel"'. Given such a property name (e.g. "kernel"),
1051 * return the offset of the node referred to (e.g. offset of node
1054 int fit_conf_get_prop_node(const void *fit, int noffset,
1055 const char *prop_name);
1057 int fit_check_ramdisk(const void *fit, int os_noffset,
1058 uint8_t arch, int verify);
1060 int calculate_hash(const void *data, int data_len, const char *algo,
1061 uint8_t *value, int *value_len);
1064 * At present we only support signing on the host, and verification on the
1067 #if defined(CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE)
1069 # define IMAGE_ENABLE_SIGN 1
1070 # define IMAGE_ENABLE_VERIFY 1
1071 # include <openssl/evp.h>
1073 # define IMAGE_ENABLE_SIGN 0
1074 # define IMAGE_ENABLE_VERIFY 1
1077 # define IMAGE_ENABLE_SIGN 0
1078 # define IMAGE_ENABLE_VERIFY 0
1082 void *image_get_host_blob(void);
1083 void image_set_host_blob(void *host_blob);
1084 # define gd_fdt_blob() image_get_host_blob()
1086 # define gd_fdt_blob() (gd->fdt_blob)
1089 #ifdef CONFIG_FIT_BEST_MATCH
1090 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_BEST_MATCH 1
1092 #define IMAGE_ENABLE_BEST_MATCH 0
1095 /* Information passed to the signing routines */
1096 struct image_sign_info {
1097 const char *keydir; /* Directory conaining keys */
1098 const char *keyname; /* Name of key to use */
1099 void *fit; /* Pointer to FIT blob */
1100 int node_offset; /* Offset of signature node */
1101 const char *name; /* Algorithm name */
1102 struct checksum_algo *checksum; /* Checksum algorithm information */
1103 struct crypto_algo *crypto; /* Crypto algorithm information */
1104 const void *fdt_blob; /* FDT containing public keys */
1105 int required_keynode; /* Node offset of key to use: -1=any */
1106 const char *require_keys; /* Value for 'required' property */
1107 const char *engine_id; /* Engine to use for signing */
1109 #endif /* Allow struct image_region to always be defined for rsa.h */
1111 /* A part of an image, used for hashing */
1112 struct image_region {
1117 #if IMAGE_ENABLE_FIT
1119 #if IMAGE_ENABLE_VERIFY
1120 # include <u-boot/rsa-checksum.h>
1122 struct checksum_algo {
1124 const int checksum_len;
1126 const uint8_t *der_prefix;
1127 #if IMAGE_ENABLE_SIGN
1128 const EVP_MD *(*calculate_sign)(void);
1130 int (*calculate)(const char *name,
1131 const struct image_region region[],
1132 int region_count, uint8_t *checksum);
1135 struct crypto_algo {
1136 const char *name; /* Name of algorithm */
1140 * sign() - calculate and return signature for given input data
1142 * @info: Specifies key and FIT information
1143 * @data: Pointer to the input data
1144 * @data_len: Data length
1145 * @sigp: Set to an allocated buffer holding the signature
1146 * @sig_len: Set to length of the calculated hash
1148 * This computes input data signature according to selected algorithm.
1149 * Resulting signature value is placed in an allocated buffer, the
1150 * pointer is returned as *sigp. The length of the calculated
1151 * signature is returned via the sig_len pointer argument. The caller
1152 * should free *sigp.
1154 * @return: 0, on success, -ve on error
1156 int (*sign)(struct image_sign_info *info,
1157 const struct image_region region[],
1158 int region_count, uint8_t **sigp, uint *sig_len);
1161 * add_verify_data() - Add verification information to FDT
1163 * Add public key information to the FDT node, suitable for
1164 * verification at run-time. The information added depends on the
1165 * algorithm being used.
1167 * @info: Specifies key and FIT information
1168 * @keydest: Destination FDT blob for public key data
1169 * @return: 0, on success, -ve on error
1171 int (*add_verify_data)(struct image_sign_info *info, void *keydest);
1174 * verify() - Verify a signature against some data
1176 * @info: Specifies key and FIT information
1177 * @data: Pointer to the input data
1178 * @data_len: Data length
1180 * @sig_len: Number of bytes in signature
1181 * @return 0 if verified, -ve on error
1183 int (*verify)(struct image_sign_info *info,
1184 const struct image_region region[], int region_count,
1185 uint8_t *sig, uint sig_len);
1189 * image_get_checksum_algo() - Look up a checksum algorithm
1191 * @param full_name Name of algorithm in the form "checksum,crypto"
1192 * @return pointer to algorithm information, or NULL if not found
1194 struct checksum_algo *image_get_checksum_algo(const char *full_name);
1197 * image_get_crypto_algo() - Look up a cryptosystem algorithm
1199 * @param full_name Name of algorithm in the form "checksum,crypto"
1200 * @return pointer to algorithm information, or NULL if not found
1202 struct crypto_algo *image_get_crypto_algo(const char *full_name);
1205 * fit_image_verify_required_sigs() - Verify signatures marked as 'required'
1207 * @fit: FIT to check
1208 * @image_noffset: Offset of image node to check
1209 * @data: Image data to check
1210 * @size: Size of image data
1211 * @sig_blob: FDT containing public keys
1212 * @no_sigsp: Returns 1 if no signatures were required, and
1213 * therefore nothing was checked. The caller may wish
1214 * to fall back to other mechanisms, or refuse to
1216 * @return 0 if all verified ok, <0 on error
1218 int fit_image_verify_required_sigs(const void *fit, int image_noffset,
1219 const char *data, size_t size, const void *sig_blob,
1223 * fit_image_check_sig() - Check a single image signature node
1225 * @fit: FIT to check
1226 * @noffset: Offset of signature node to check
1227 * @data: Image data to check
1228 * @size: Size of image data
1229 * @required_keynode: Offset in the control FDT of the required key node,
1230 * if any. If this is given, then the image wil not
1231 * pass verification unless that key is used. If this is
1232 * -1 then any signature will do.
1233 * @err_msgp: In the event of an error, this will be pointed to a
1234 * help error string to display to the user.
1235 * @return 0 if all verified ok, <0 on error
1237 int fit_image_check_sig(const void *fit, int noffset, const void *data,
1238 size_t size, int required_keynode, char **err_msgp);
1241 * fit_region_make_list() - Make a list of regions to hash
1243 * Given a list of FIT regions (offset, size) provided by libfdt, create
1244 * a list of regions (void *, size) for use by the signature creationg
1245 * and verification code.
1247 * @fit: FIT image to process
1248 * @fdt_regions: Regions as returned by libfdt
1249 * @count: Number of regions returned by libfdt
1250 * @region: Place to put list of regions (NULL to allocate it)
1251 * @return pointer to list of regions, or NULL if out of memory
1253 struct image_region *fit_region_make_list(const void *fit,
1254 struct fdt_region *fdt_regions, int count,
1255 struct image_region *region);
1257 static inline int fit_image_check_target_arch(const void *fdt, int node)
1260 return fit_image_check_arch(fdt, node, IH_ARCH_DEFAULT);
1266 #ifdef CONFIG_FIT_VERBOSE
1267 #define fit_unsupported(msg) printf("! %s:%d " \
1268 "FIT images not supported for '%s'\n", \
1269 __FILE__, __LINE__, (msg))
1271 #define fit_unsupported_reset(msg) printf("! %s:%d " \
1272 "FIT images not supported for '%s' " \
1273 "- must reset board to recover!\n", \
1274 __FILE__, __LINE__, (msg))
1276 #define fit_unsupported(msg)
1277 #define fit_unsupported_reset(msg)
1278 #endif /* CONFIG_FIT_VERBOSE */
1279 #endif /* CONFIG_FIT */
1281 #if defined(CONFIG_ANDROID_BOOT_IMAGE)
1282 struct andr_img_hdr;
1283 int android_image_check_header(const struct andr_img_hdr *hdr);
1284 int android_image_get_kernel(const struct andr_img_hdr *hdr, int verify,
1285 ulong *os_data, ulong *os_len);
1286 int android_image_get_ramdisk(const struct andr_img_hdr *hdr,
1287 ulong *rd_data, ulong *rd_len);
1288 int android_image_get_second(const struct andr_img_hdr *hdr,
1289 ulong *second_data, ulong *second_len);
1290 ulong android_image_get_end(const struct andr_img_hdr *hdr);
1291 ulong android_image_get_kload(const struct andr_img_hdr *hdr);
1292 void android_print_contents(const struct andr_img_hdr *hdr);
1294 #endif /* CONFIG_ANDROID_BOOT_IMAGE */
1297 * board_fit_config_name_match() - Check for a matching board name
1299 * This is used when SPL loads a FIT containing multiple device tree files
1300 * and wants to work out which one to use. The description of each one is
1301 * passed to this function. The description comes from the 'description' field
1302 * in each (FDT) image node.
1304 * @name: Device tree description
1305 * @return 0 if this device tree should be used, non-zero to try the next
1307 int board_fit_config_name_match(const char *name);
1309 #if defined(CONFIG_SPL_FIT_IMAGE_POST_PROCESS) || \
1310 defined(CONFIG_FIT_IMAGE_POST_PROCESS)
1312 * board_fit_image_post_process() - Do any post-process on FIT binary data
1314 * This is used to do any sort of image manipulation, verification, decryption
1315 * etc. in a platform or board specific way. Obviously, anything done here would
1316 * need to be comprehended in how the images were prepared before being injected
1317 * into the FIT creation (i.e. the binary blobs would have been pre-processed
1318 * before being added to the FIT image).
1320 * @image: pointer to the image start pointer
1321 * @size: pointer to the image size
1322 * @return no return value (failure should be handled internally)
1324 void board_fit_image_post_process(void **p_image, size_t *p_size);
1325 #endif /* CONFIG_SPL_FIT_IMAGE_POST_PROCESS */
1327 #define FDT_ERROR ((ulong)(-1))
1329 ulong fdt_getprop_u32(const void *fdt, int node, const char *prop);
1332 * fit_find_config_node() - Find the node for the best DTB in a FIT image
1334 * A FIT image contains one or more DTBs. This function parses the
1335 * configurations described in the FIT images and returns the node of
1336 * the first matching DTB. To check if a DTB matches a board, this function
1337 * calls board_fit_config_name_match(). If no matching DTB is found, it returns
1338 * the node described by the default configuration if it exists.
1340 * @fdt: pointer to flat device tree
1341 * @return the node if found, -ve otherwise
1343 int fit_find_config_node(const void *fdt);
1346 * Mapping of image types to function handlers to be invoked on the associated
1349 * @type: Type of image, I.E. IH_TYPE_*
1350 * @handler: Function to call on loaded image
1352 struct fit_loadable_tbl {
1355 * handler() - Process a loaded image
1357 * @data: Pointer to start of loaded image data
1358 * @size: Size of loaded image data
1360 void (*handler)(ulong data, size_t size);
1364 * Define a FIT loadable image type handler
1366 * _type is a valid uimage_type ID as defined in the "Image Type" enum above
1367 * _handler is the handler function to call after this image type is loaded
1369 #define U_BOOT_FIT_LOADABLE_HANDLER(_type, _handler) \
1370 ll_entry_declare(struct fit_loadable_tbl, _function, fit_loadable) = { \
1372 .handler = _handler, \
1375 #endif /* __IMAGE_H__ */