2 * QEMU Executable loader
4 * Copyright (c) 2006 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 * Gunzip functionality in this file is derived from u-boot:
26 * (C) Copyright 2008 Semihalf
28 * (C) Copyright 2000-2005
29 * Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
31 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
32 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
33 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
34 * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
36 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
37 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
38 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
39 * GNU General Public License for more details.
41 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
42 * with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
46 #include "disas/disas.h"
47 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
48 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
49 #include "uboot_image.h"
50 #include "hw/loader.h"
51 #include "hw/nvram/fw_cfg.h"
52 #include "exec/memory.h"
53 #include "exec/address-spaces.h"
57 bool option_rom_has_mr = false;
58 bool rom_file_has_mr = true;
60 static int roms_loaded;
62 /* return the size or -1 if error */
63 int get_image_size(const char *filename)
66 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
69 size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
74 /* return the size or -1 if error */
75 /* deprecated, because caller does not specify buffer size! */
76 int load_image(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr)
79 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
82 size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
84 fprintf(stderr, "file %-20s: get size error: %s\n",
85 filename, strerror(errno));
90 lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
91 if (read(fd, addr, size) != size) {
99 /* return the size or -1 if error */
100 ssize_t load_image_size(const char *filename, void *addr, size_t size)
105 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
110 actsize = read(fd, addr, size);
120 /* read()-like version */
121 ssize_t read_targphys(const char *name,
122 int fd, hwaddr dst_addr, size_t nbytes)
127 buf = g_malloc(nbytes);
128 did = read(fd, buf, nbytes);
130 rom_add_blob_fixed("read", buf, did, dst_addr);
135 /* return the size or -1 if error */
136 int load_image_targphys(const char *filename,
137 hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
141 size = get_image_size(filename);
146 rom_add_file_fixed(filename, addr, -1);
151 void pstrcpy_targphys(const char *name, hwaddr dest, int buf_size,
157 if (buf_size <= 0) return;
158 nulp = memchr(source, 0, buf_size);
160 rom_add_blob_fixed(name, source, (nulp - source) + 1, dest);
162 rom_add_blob_fixed(name, source, buf_size, dest);
163 ptr = rom_ptr(dest + buf_size - 1);
172 uint32_t a_info; /* Use macros N_MAGIC, etc for access */
173 uint32_t a_text; /* length of text, in bytes */
174 uint32_t a_data; /* length of data, in bytes */
175 uint32_t a_bss; /* length of uninitialized data area, in bytes */
176 uint32_t a_syms; /* length of symbol table data in file, in bytes */
177 uint32_t a_entry; /* start address */
178 uint32_t a_trsize; /* length of relocation info for text, in bytes */
179 uint32_t a_drsize; /* length of relocation info for data, in bytes */
182 static void bswap_ahdr(struct exec *e)
184 bswap32s(&e->a_info);
185 bswap32s(&e->a_text);
186 bswap32s(&e->a_data);
188 bswap32s(&e->a_syms);
189 bswap32s(&e->a_entry);
190 bswap32s(&e->a_trsize);
191 bswap32s(&e->a_drsize);
194 #define N_MAGIC(exec) ((exec).a_info & 0xffff)
199 #define _N_HDROFF(x) (1024 - sizeof (struct exec))
200 #define N_TXTOFF(x) \
201 (N_MAGIC(x) == ZMAGIC ? _N_HDROFF((x)) + sizeof (struct exec) : \
202 (N_MAGIC(x) == QMAGIC ? 0 : sizeof (struct exec)))
203 #define N_TXTADDR(x, target_page_size) (N_MAGIC(x) == QMAGIC ? target_page_size : 0)
204 #define _N_SEGMENT_ROUND(x, target_page_size) (((x) + target_page_size - 1) & ~(target_page_size - 1))
206 #define _N_TXTENDADDR(x, target_page_size) (N_TXTADDR(x, target_page_size)+(x).a_text)
208 #define N_DATADDR(x, target_page_size) \
209 (N_MAGIC(x)==OMAGIC? (_N_TXTENDADDR(x, target_page_size)) \
210 : (_N_SEGMENT_ROUND (_N_TXTENDADDR(x, target_page_size), target_page_size)))
213 int load_aout(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, int max_sz,
214 int bswap_needed, hwaddr target_page_size)
221 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
225 size = read(fd, &e, sizeof(e));
238 if (e.a_text + e.a_data > max_sz)
240 lseek(fd, N_TXTOFF(e), SEEK_SET);
241 size = read_targphys(filename, fd, addr, e.a_text + e.a_data);
246 if (N_DATADDR(e, target_page_size) + e.a_data > max_sz)
248 lseek(fd, N_TXTOFF(e), SEEK_SET);
249 size = read_targphys(filename, fd, addr, e.a_text);
252 ret = read_targphys(filename, fd, addr + N_DATADDR(e, target_page_size),
270 static void *load_at(int fd, int offset, int size)
273 if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
275 ptr = g_malloc(size);
276 if (read(fd, ptr, size) != size) {
287 #define ELF_CLASS ELFCLASS32
291 #define elf_word uint32_t
292 #define elf_sword int32_t
293 #define bswapSZs bswap32s
294 #include "hw/elf_ops.h"
305 #define elfhdr elf64_hdr
306 #define elf_phdr elf64_phdr
307 #define elf_note elf64_note
308 #define elf_shdr elf64_shdr
309 #define elf_sym elf64_sym
310 #define elf_word uint64_t
311 #define elf_sword int64_t
312 #define bswapSZs bswap64s
314 #include "hw/elf_ops.h"
316 const char *load_elf_strerror(int error)
321 case ELF_LOAD_FAILED:
322 return "Failed to load ELF";
323 case ELF_LOAD_NOT_ELF:
324 return "The image is not ELF";
325 case ELF_LOAD_WRONG_ARCH:
326 return "The image is from incompatible architecture";
327 case ELF_LOAD_WRONG_ENDIAN:
328 return "The image has incorrect endianness";
330 return "Unknown error";
334 /* return < 0 if error, otherwise the number of bytes loaded in memory */
335 int load_elf(const char *filename, uint64_t (*translate_fn)(void *, uint64_t),
336 void *translate_opaque, uint64_t *pentry, uint64_t *lowaddr,
337 uint64_t *highaddr, int big_endian, int elf_machine, int clear_lsb)
339 int fd, data_order, target_data_order, must_swab, ret = ELF_LOAD_FAILED;
340 uint8_t e_ident[EI_NIDENT];
342 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
347 if (read(fd, e_ident, sizeof(e_ident)) != sizeof(e_ident))
349 if (e_ident[0] != ELFMAG0 ||
350 e_ident[1] != ELFMAG1 ||
351 e_ident[2] != ELFMAG2 ||
352 e_ident[3] != ELFMAG3) {
353 ret = ELF_LOAD_NOT_ELF;
356 #ifdef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
357 data_order = ELFDATA2MSB;
359 data_order = ELFDATA2LSB;
361 must_swab = data_order != e_ident[EI_DATA];
363 target_data_order = ELFDATA2MSB;
365 target_data_order = ELFDATA2LSB;
368 if (target_data_order != e_ident[EI_DATA]) {
369 ret = ELF_LOAD_WRONG_ENDIAN;
373 lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
374 if (e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS64) {
375 ret = load_elf64(filename, fd, translate_fn, translate_opaque, must_swab,
376 pentry, lowaddr, highaddr, elf_machine, clear_lsb);
378 ret = load_elf32(filename, fd, translate_fn, translate_opaque, must_swab,
379 pentry, lowaddr, highaddr, elf_machine, clear_lsb);
387 static void bswap_uboot_header(uboot_image_header_t *hdr)
389 #ifndef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
390 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_magic);
391 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_hcrc);
392 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_time);
393 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_size);
394 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_load);
395 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_ep);
396 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_dcrc);
401 #define ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT 16
403 static void *zalloc(void *x, unsigned items, unsigned size)
408 size = (size + ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT - 1) & ~(ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT - 1);
415 static void zfree(void *x, void *addr)
422 #define EXTRA_FIELD 4
425 #define RESERVED 0xe0
429 /* This is the usual maximum in uboot, so if a uImage overflows this, it would
430 * overflow on real hardware too. */
431 #define UBOOT_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES (64 << 20)
433 static ssize_t gunzip(void *dst, size_t dstlen, uint8_t *src,
443 if (src[2] != DEFLATED || (flags & RESERVED) != 0) {
444 puts ("Error: Bad gzipped data\n");
447 if ((flags & EXTRA_FIELD) != 0)
448 i = 12 + src[10] + (src[11] << 8);
449 if ((flags & ORIG_NAME) != 0)
450 while (src[i++] != 0)
452 if ((flags & COMMENT) != 0)
453 while (src[i++] != 0)
455 if ((flags & HEAD_CRC) != 0)
458 puts ("Error: gunzip out of data in header\n");
465 r = inflateInit2(&s, -MAX_WBITS);
467 printf ("Error: inflateInit2() returned %d\n", r);
471 s.avail_in = srclen - i;
473 s.avail_out = dstlen;
474 r = inflate(&s, Z_FINISH);
475 if (r != Z_OK && r != Z_STREAM_END) {
476 printf ("Error: inflate() returned %d\n", r);
479 dstbytes = s.next_out - (unsigned char *) dst;
485 /* Load a U-Boot image. */
486 static int load_uboot_image(const char *filename, hwaddr *ep, hwaddr *loadaddr,
487 int *is_linux, uint8_t image_type,
488 uint64_t (*translate_fn)(void *, uint64_t),
489 void *translate_opaque)
494 uboot_image_header_t h;
495 uboot_image_header_t *hdr = &h;
496 uint8_t *data = NULL;
498 int do_uncompress = 0;
500 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
504 size = read(fd, hdr, sizeof(uboot_image_header_t));
508 bswap_uboot_header(hdr);
510 if (hdr->ih_magic != IH_MAGIC)
513 if (hdr->ih_type != image_type) {
514 fprintf(stderr, "Wrong image type %d, expected %d\n", hdr->ih_type,
519 /* TODO: Implement other image types. */
520 switch (hdr->ih_type) {
522 address = hdr->ih_load;
524 address = translate_fn(translate_opaque, address);
527 *loadaddr = hdr->ih_load;
530 switch (hdr->ih_comp) {
538 "Unable to load u-boot images with compression type %d\n",
547 /* TODO: Check CPU type. */
549 if (hdr->ih_os == IH_OS_LINUX) {
557 case IH_TYPE_RAMDISK:
561 fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported u-boot image type %d\n", hdr->ih_type);
565 data = g_malloc(hdr->ih_size);
567 if (read(fd, data, hdr->ih_size) != hdr->ih_size) {
568 fprintf(stderr, "Error reading file\n");
573 uint8_t *compressed_data;
577 compressed_data = data;
578 max_bytes = UBOOT_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES;
579 data = g_malloc(max_bytes);
581 bytes = gunzip(data, max_bytes, compressed_data, hdr->ih_size);
582 g_free(compressed_data);
584 fprintf(stderr, "Unable to decompress gzipped image!\n");
587 hdr->ih_size = bytes;
590 rom_add_blob_fixed(filename, data, hdr->ih_size, address);
601 int load_uimage(const char *filename, hwaddr *ep, hwaddr *loadaddr,
603 uint64_t (*translate_fn)(void *, uint64_t),
604 void *translate_opaque)
606 return load_uboot_image(filename, ep, loadaddr, is_linux, IH_TYPE_KERNEL,
607 translate_fn, translate_opaque);
610 /* Load a ramdisk. */
611 int load_ramdisk(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
613 return load_uboot_image(filename, NULL, &addr, NULL, IH_TYPE_RAMDISK,
617 /* This simply prevents g_malloc in the function below from allocating
618 * a huge amount of memory, by placing a limit on the maximum
619 * uncompressed image size that load_image_gzipped will read.
621 #define LOAD_IMAGE_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES (256 << 20)
623 /* Load a gzip-compressed kernel. */
624 int load_image_gzipped(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
626 uint8_t *compressed_data = NULL;
627 uint8_t *data = NULL;
632 if (!g_file_get_contents(filename, (char **) &compressed_data, &len,
637 /* Is it a gzip-compressed file? */
639 compressed_data[0] != 0x1f ||
640 compressed_data[1] != 0x8b) {
644 if (max_sz > LOAD_IMAGE_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES) {
645 max_sz = LOAD_IMAGE_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES;
648 data = g_malloc(max_sz);
649 bytes = gunzip(data, max_sz, compressed_data, len);
651 fprintf(stderr, "%s: unable to decompress gzipped kernel file\n",
656 rom_add_blob_fixed(filename, data, bytes, addr);
660 g_free(compressed_data);
666 * Functions for reboot-persistent memory regions.
667 * - used for vga bios and option roms.
668 * - also linux kernel (-kernel / -initrd).
671 typedef struct Rom Rom;
677 /* datasize is the amount of memory allocated in "data". If datasize is less
678 * than romsize, it means that the area from datasize to romsize is filled
691 QTAILQ_ENTRY(Rom) next;
694 static FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
695 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, Rom) roms = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(roms);
697 static void rom_insert(Rom *rom)
702 hw_error ("ROM images must be loaded at startup\n");
705 /* list is ordered by load address */
706 QTAILQ_FOREACH(item, &roms, next) {
707 if (rom->addr >= item->addr)
709 QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(item, rom, next);
712 QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&roms, rom, next);
715 static void *rom_set_mr(Rom *rom, Object *owner, const char *name)
719 rom->mr = g_malloc(sizeof(*rom->mr));
720 memory_region_init_ram(rom->mr, owner, name, rom->datasize, &error_abort);
721 memory_region_set_readonly(rom->mr, true);
722 vmstate_register_ram_global(rom->mr);
724 data = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(rom->mr);
725 memcpy(data, rom->data, rom->datasize);
730 int rom_add_file(const char *file, const char *fw_dir,
731 hwaddr addr, int32_t bootindex,
738 rom = g_malloc0(sizeof(*rom));
739 rom->name = g_strdup(file);
740 rom->path = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, rom->name);
741 if (rom->path == NULL) {
742 rom->path = g_strdup(file);
745 fd = open(rom->path, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
747 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open option rom '%s': %s\n",
748 rom->path, strerror(errno));
753 rom->fw_dir = g_strdup(fw_dir);
754 rom->fw_file = g_strdup(file);
757 rom->romsize = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
758 if (rom->romsize == -1) {
759 fprintf(stderr, "rom: file %-20s: get size error: %s\n",
760 rom->name, strerror(errno));
764 rom->datasize = rom->romsize;
765 rom->data = g_malloc0(rom->datasize);
766 lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
767 rc = read(fd, rom->data, rom->datasize);
768 if (rc != rom->datasize) {
769 fprintf(stderr, "rom: file %-20s: read error: rc=%d (expected %zd)\n",
770 rom->name, rc, rom->datasize);
775 if (rom->fw_file && fw_cfg) {
776 const char *basename;
777 char fw_file_name[FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH];
780 basename = strrchr(rom->fw_file, '/');
784 basename = rom->fw_file;
786 snprintf(fw_file_name, sizeof(fw_file_name), "%s/%s", rom->fw_dir,
788 snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/rom@%s", fw_file_name);
790 if ((!option_rom || option_rom_has_mr) && rom_file_has_mr) {
791 data = rom_set_mr(rom, OBJECT(fw_cfg), devpath);
796 fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, fw_file_name, data, rom->romsize);
798 snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/rom@" TARGET_FMT_plx, addr);
801 add_boot_device_path(bootindex, NULL, devpath);
814 void *rom_add_blob(const char *name, const void *blob, size_t len,
815 hwaddr addr, const char *fw_file_name,
816 FWCfgReadCallback fw_callback, void *callback_opaque)
821 rom = g_malloc0(sizeof(*rom));
822 rom->name = g_strdup(name);
826 rom->data = g_malloc0(rom->datasize);
827 memcpy(rom->data, blob, len);
829 if (fw_file_name && fw_cfg) {
832 snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/rom@%s", fw_file_name);
834 if (rom_file_has_mr) {
835 data = rom_set_mr(rom, OBJECT(fw_cfg), devpath);
840 fw_cfg_add_file_callback(fw_cfg, fw_file_name,
841 fw_callback, callback_opaque,
847 /* This function is specific for elf program because we don't need to allocate
848 * all the rom. We just allocate the first part and the rest is just zeros. This
849 * is why romsize and datasize are different. Also, this function seize the
850 * memory ownership of "data", so we don't have to allocate and copy the buffer.
852 int rom_add_elf_program(const char *name, void *data, size_t datasize,
853 size_t romsize, hwaddr addr)
857 rom = g_malloc0(sizeof(*rom));
858 rom->name = g_strdup(name);
860 rom->datasize = datasize;
861 rom->romsize = romsize;
867 int rom_add_vga(const char *file)
869 return rom_add_file(file, "vgaroms", 0, -1, true);
872 int rom_add_option(const char *file, int32_t bootindex)
874 return rom_add_file(file, "genroms", 0, bootindex, true);
877 static void rom_reset(void *unused)
881 QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
885 if (rom->data == NULL) {
889 void *host = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(rom->mr);
890 memcpy(host, rom->data, rom->datasize);
892 cpu_physical_memory_write_rom(&address_space_memory,
893 rom->addr, rom->data, rom->datasize);
896 /* rom needs to be written only once */
901 * The rom loader is really on the same level as firmware in the guest
902 * shadowing a ROM into RAM. Such a shadowing mechanism needs to ensure
903 * that the instruction cache for that new region is clear, so that the
904 * CPU definitely fetches its instructions from the just written data.
906 cpu_flush_icache_range(rom->addr, rom->datasize);
910 int rom_load_all(void)
913 MemoryRegionSection section;
916 QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
920 if (addr > rom->addr) {
921 fprintf(stderr, "rom: requested regions overlap "
922 "(rom %s. free=0x" TARGET_FMT_plx
923 ", addr=0x" TARGET_FMT_plx ")\n",
924 rom->name, addr, rom->addr);
928 addr += rom->romsize;
929 section = memory_region_find(get_system_memory(), rom->addr, 1);
930 rom->isrom = int128_nz(section.size) && memory_region_is_rom(section.mr);
931 memory_region_unref(section.mr);
933 qemu_register_reset(rom_reset, NULL);
937 void rom_load_done(void)
942 void rom_set_fw(FWCfgState *f)
947 static Rom *find_rom(hwaddr addr)
951 QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
958 if (rom->addr > addr) {
961 if (rom->addr + rom->romsize < addr) {
970 * Copies memory from registered ROMs to dest. Any memory that is contained in
971 * a ROM between addr and addr + size is copied. Note that this can involve
972 * multiple ROMs, which need not start at addr and need not end at addr + size.
974 int rom_copy(uint8_t *dest, hwaddr addr, size_t size)
976 hwaddr end = addr + size;
977 uint8_t *s, *d = dest;
981 QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
988 if (rom->addr + rom->romsize < addr) {
991 if (rom->addr > end) {
995 d = dest + (rom->addr - addr);
999 if ((d + l) > (dest + size)) {
1007 if (rom->romsize > rom->datasize) {
1008 /* If datasize is less than romsize, it means that we didn't
1009 * allocate all the ROM because the trailing data are only zeros.
1013 l = rom->romsize - rom->datasize;
1015 if ((d + l) > (dest + size)) {
1016 /* Rom size doesn't fit in the destination area. Adjust to avoid
1028 return (d + l) - dest;
1031 void *rom_ptr(hwaddr addr)
1035 rom = find_rom(addr);
1036 if (!rom || !rom->data)
1038 return rom->data + (addr - rom->addr);
1041 void do_info_roms(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
1045 QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
1047 monitor_printf(mon, "%s"
1048 " size=0x%06zx name=\"%s\"\n",
1049 memory_region_name(rom->mr),
1052 } else if (!rom->fw_file) {
1053 monitor_printf(mon, "addr=" TARGET_FMT_plx
1054 " size=0x%06zx mem=%s name=\"%s\"\n",
1055 rom->addr, rom->romsize,
1056 rom->isrom ? "rom" : "ram",
1059 monitor_printf(mon, "fw=%s/%s"
1060 " size=0x%06zx name=\"%s\"\n",