1 /* yyscript.y -- linker script grammar for gold. */
3 /* Copyright 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 Written by Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com>.
6 This file is part of gold.
8 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 GNU General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
20 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,
21 MA 02110-1301, USA. */
23 /* This is a bison grammar to parse a subset of the original GNU ld
24 linker script language. */
39 /* We need to use a pure parser because we might be multi-threaded.
40 We pass some arguments through the parser to the lexer. */
44 %parse-param {void* closure}
45 %lex-param {void* closure}
47 /* Since we require bison anyhow, we take advantage of it. */
51 /* The values associated with tokens. */
55 struct Parser_string string;
60 /* An output section header. */
61 struct Parser_output_section_header output_section_header;
62 /* An output section trailer. */
63 struct Parser_output_section_trailer output_section_trailer;
64 /* A section constraint. */
65 enum Section_constraint constraint;
66 /* A complete input section specification. */
67 struct Input_section_spec input_section_spec;
68 /* A list of wildcard specifications, with exclusions. */
69 struct Wildcard_sections wildcard_sections;
70 /* A single wildcard specification. */
71 struct Wildcard_section wildcard_section;
72 /* A list of strings. */
73 String_list_ptr string_list;
74 /* Information for a program header. */
75 struct Phdr_info phdr_info;
76 /* Used for version scripts and within VERSION {}. */
77 struct Version_dependency_list* deplist;
78 struct Version_expression_list* versyms;
79 struct Version_tree* versnode;
82 /* Operators, including a precedence table for expressions. */
84 %right PLUSEQ MINUSEQ MULTEQ DIVEQ '=' LSHIFTEQ RSHIFTEQ ANDEQ OREQ
97 /* A fake operator used to indicate unary operator precedence. */
102 %token <string> STRING
103 %token <string> QUOTED_STRING
104 %token <integer> INTEGER
106 /* Keywords. This list is taken from ldgram.y and ldlex.l in the old
107 GNU linker, with the keywords which only appear in MRI mode
108 removed. Not all these keywords are actually used in this grammar.
109 In most cases the keyword is recognized as the token name in upper
110 case. The comments indicate where this is not the case. */
114 %token ALIGN_K /* ALIGN */
116 %token ASSERT_K /* ASSERT */
124 %token CREATE_OBJECT_SYMBOLS
125 %token DATA_SEGMENT_ALIGN
126 %token DATA_SEGMENT_END
127 %token DATA_SEGMENT_RELRO_END
134 %token FORCE_COMMON_ALLOCATION
135 %token GLOBAL /* global */
139 %token INHIBIT_COMMON_ALLOCATION
142 %token LENGTH /* LENGTH, l, len */
144 %token LOCAL /* local */
147 %token MAX_K /* MAX */
149 %token MIN_K /* MIN */
155 %token ORIGIN /* ORIGIN, o, org */
162 %token PROVIDE_HIDDEN
169 %token SIZEOF_HEADERS /* SIZEOF_HEADERS, sizeof_headers */
170 %token SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT
177 %token TARGET_K /* TARGET */
179 %token VERSIONK /* VERSION */
181 /* Keywords, part 2. These are keywords that are unique to gold,
182 and not present in the old GNU linker. As before, unless the
183 comments say otherwise, the keyword is recognized as the token
184 name in upper case. */
188 /* Special tokens used to tell the grammar what type of tokens we are
189 parsing. The token stream always begins with one of these tokens.
190 We do this because version scripts can appear embedded within
191 linker scripts, and because --defsym uses the expression
193 %token PARSING_LINKER_SCRIPT
194 %token PARSING_VERSION_SCRIPT
195 %token PARSING_DEFSYM
196 %token PARSING_DYNAMIC_LIST
198 /* Non-terminal types, where needed. */
200 %type <expr> parse_exp exp opt_address_and_section_type
201 %type <expr> opt_at opt_align opt_subalign opt_fill
202 %type <output_section_header> section_header
203 %type <output_section_trailer> section_trailer
204 %type <constraint> opt_constraint
205 %type <string_list> opt_phdr
206 %type <integer> data_length
207 %type <input_section_spec> input_section_no_keep
208 %type <wildcard_sections> wildcard_sections
209 %type <wildcard_section> wildcard_file wildcard_section
210 %type <string_list> exclude_names
211 %type <string> wildcard_name
212 %type <integer> phdr_type
213 %type <phdr_info> phdr_info
214 %type <versyms> vers_defns
215 %type <versnode> vers_tag
216 %type <deplist> verdep
217 %type <string> string
221 /* Read the special token to see what to read next. */
223 PARSING_LINKER_SCRIPT linker_script
224 | PARSING_VERSION_SCRIPT version_script
225 | PARSING_DEFSYM defsym_expr
226 | PARSING_DYNAMIC_LIST dynamic_list_expr
229 /* A file contains a list of commands. */
231 linker_script file_cmd
235 /* A command which may appear at top level of a linker script. */
237 EXTERN '(' extern_name_list ')'
238 | FORCE_COMMON_ALLOCATION
239 { script_set_common_allocation(closure, 1); }
241 { script_start_group(closure); }
243 { script_end_group(closure); }
244 | INHIBIT_COMMON_ALLOCATION
245 { script_set_common_allocation(closure, 0); }
246 | INPUT '(' input_list ')'
247 | OPTION '(' string ')'
248 { script_parse_option(closure, $3.value, $3.length); }
249 | OUTPUT_FORMAT '(' string ')'
251 if (!script_check_output_format(closure, $3.value, $3.length,
255 | OUTPUT_FORMAT '(' string ',' string ',' string ')'
257 if (!script_check_output_format(closure, $3.value, $3.length,
259 $7.value, $7.length))
262 | PHDRS '{' phdrs_defs '}'
263 | SEARCH_DIR '(' string ')'
264 { script_add_search_dir(closure, $3.value, $3.length); }
266 { script_start_sections(closure); }
268 { script_finish_sections(closure); }
270 { script_push_lex_into_version_mode(closure); }
272 { script_pop_lex_mode(closure); }
273 | file_or_sections_cmd
278 /* Top level commands which we ignore. The GNU linker uses these to
279 select the output format, but we don't offer a choice. Ignoring
280 these is more-or-less OK since most scripts simply explicitly
281 choose the default. */
283 OUTPUT_ARCH '(' string ')'
286 /* A list of external undefined symbols. We put the lexer into
287 expression mode so that commas separate names; this is what the GNU
291 { script_push_lex_into_expression_mode(closure); }
292 extern_name_list_body
293 { script_pop_lex_mode(closure); }
296 extern_name_list_body:
298 { script_add_extern(closure, $1.value, $1.length); }
299 | extern_name_list_body string
300 { script_add_extern(closure, $2.value, $2.length); }
301 | extern_name_list_body ',' string
302 { script_add_extern(closure, $3.value, $3.length); }
305 /* A list of input file names. */
308 | input_list opt_comma input_list_element
311 /* An input file name. */
314 { script_add_file(closure, $1.value, $1.length); }
316 { script_start_as_needed(closure); }
318 { script_end_as_needed(closure); }
321 /* Commands in a SECTIONS block. */
323 sections_block section_block_cmd
327 /* A command which may appear within a SECTIONS block. */
330 | string section_header
331 { script_start_output_section(closure, $1.value, $1.length, &$2); }
332 '{' section_cmds '}' section_trailer
333 { script_finish_output_section(closure, &$7); }
336 /* The header of an output section in a SECTIONS block--everything
339 { script_push_lex_into_expression_mode(closure); }
340 opt_address_and_section_type opt_at opt_align opt_subalign
341 { script_pop_lex_mode(closure); }
345 $$.load_address = $3;
352 /* The optional address followed by the optional section type. This
353 is a separate nonterminal to avoid a shift/reduce conflict on
354 '(' in section_header. */
356 opt_address_and_section_type:
365 | exp '(' string ')' ':'
367 yyerror(closure, "section types are not supported");
372 /* The address at which an output section should be loaded. */
380 /* The alignment of an output section. */
384 | ALIGN_K '(' exp ')'
388 /* The input section alignment within an output section. */
392 | SUBALIGN '(' exp ')'
396 /* A section constraint. */
399 { $$ = CONSTRAINT_NONE; }
401 { $$ = CONSTRAINT_ONLY_IF_RO; }
403 { $$ = CONSTRAINT_ONLY_IF_RW; }
405 { $$ = CONSTRAINT_SPECIAL; }
408 /* The trailer of an output section in a SECTIONS block. */
410 opt_memspec opt_at_memspec opt_phdr opt_fill opt_comma
417 /* A memory specification for an output section. */
420 { yyerror(closure, "memory regions are not supported"); }
424 /* A memory specification for where to load an output section. */
427 { yyerror(closure, "memory regions are not supported"); }
431 /* The program segment an output section should go into. */
434 { $$ = script_string_list_push_back($1, $3.value, $3.length); }
439 /* The value to use to fill an output section. FIXME: This does not
440 handle a string of arbitrary length. */
448 /* Commands which may appear within the description of an output
449 section in a SECTIONS block. */
452 | section_cmds section_cmd
455 /* A command which may appear within the description of an output
456 section in a SECTIONS block. */
460 | data_length '(' parse_exp ')'
461 { script_add_data(closure, $1, $3); }
462 | ASSERT_K '(' parse_exp ',' string ')'
463 { script_add_assertion(closure, $3, $5.value, $5.length); }
464 | FILL '(' parse_exp ')'
465 { script_add_fill(closure, $3); }
468 /* The GNU linker uses CONSTRUCTORS for the a.out object
469 file format. It does nothing when using ELF. Since
470 some ELF linker scripts use it although it does
471 nothing, we accept it and ignore it. */
473 | SORT_BY_NAME '(' CONSTRUCTORS ')'
477 /* The length of data which may appear within the description of an
478 output section in a SECTIONS block. */
492 /* An input section specification. This may appear within the
493 description of an output section in a SECTIONS block. */
495 input_section_no_keep
496 { script_add_input_section(closure, &$1, 0); }
497 | KEEP '(' input_section_no_keep ')'
498 { script_add_input_section(closure, &$3, 1); }
501 /* An input section specification within a KEEP clause. */
502 input_section_no_keep:
506 $$.file.sort = SORT_WILDCARD_NONE;
507 $$.input_sections.sections = NULL;
508 $$.input_sections.exclude = NULL;
510 | wildcard_file '(' wildcard_sections ')'
513 $$.input_sections = $3;
517 /* A wildcard file specification. */
522 $$.sort = SORT_WILDCARD_NONE;
524 | SORT_BY_NAME '(' wildcard_name ')'
527 $$.sort = SORT_WILDCARD_BY_NAME;
531 /* A list of wild card section specifications. */
533 wildcard_sections opt_comma wildcard_section
535 $$.sections = script_string_sort_list_add($1.sections, &$3);
536 $$.exclude = $1.exclude;
540 $$.sections = script_new_string_sort_list(&$1);
543 | wildcard_sections opt_comma EXCLUDE_FILE '(' exclude_names ')'
545 $$.sections = $1.sections;
546 $$.exclude = script_string_list_append($1.exclude, $5);
548 | EXCLUDE_FILE '(' exclude_names ')'
555 /* A single wild card specification. */
560 $$.sort = SORT_WILDCARD_NONE;
562 | SORT_BY_NAME '(' wildcard_section ')'
567 case SORT_WILDCARD_NONE:
568 $$.sort = SORT_WILDCARD_BY_NAME;
570 case SORT_WILDCARD_BY_NAME:
571 case SORT_WILDCARD_BY_NAME_BY_ALIGNMENT:
573 case SORT_WILDCARD_BY_ALIGNMENT:
574 case SORT_WILDCARD_BY_ALIGNMENT_BY_NAME:
575 $$.sort = SORT_WILDCARD_BY_NAME_BY_ALIGNMENT;
581 | SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT '(' wildcard_section ')'
586 case SORT_WILDCARD_NONE:
587 $$.sort = SORT_WILDCARD_BY_ALIGNMENT;
589 case SORT_WILDCARD_BY_ALIGNMENT:
590 case SORT_WILDCARD_BY_ALIGNMENT_BY_NAME:
592 case SORT_WILDCARD_BY_NAME:
593 case SORT_WILDCARD_BY_NAME_BY_ALIGNMENT:
594 $$.sort = SORT_WILDCARD_BY_ALIGNMENT_BY_NAME;
602 /* A list of file names to exclude. */
604 exclude_names opt_comma wildcard_name
605 { $$ = script_string_list_push_back($1, $3.value, $3.length); }
607 { $$ = script_new_string_list($1.value, $1.length); }
610 /* A single wildcard name. We recognize '*' and '?' specially since
611 they are expression tokens. */
627 /* A command which may appear at the top level of a linker script, or
628 within a SECTIONS block. */
629 file_or_sections_cmd:
631 { script_set_entry(closure, $3.value, $3.length); }
633 | ASSERT_K '(' parse_exp ',' string ')'
634 { script_add_assertion(closure, $3, $5.value, $5.length); }
637 /* A list of program header definitions. */
643 /* A program header definition. */
645 string phdr_type phdr_info ';'
646 { script_add_phdr(closure, $1.value, $1.length, $2, &$3); }
649 /* A program header type. The GNU linker accepts a general expression
650 here, but that would be a pain because we would have to dig into
651 the expression structure. It's unlikely that anybody uses anything
652 other than a string or a number here, so that is all we expect. */
655 { $$ = script_phdr_string_to_type(closure, $1.value, $1.length); }
660 /* Additional information for a program header. */
663 { memset(&$$, 0, sizeof(struct Phdr_info)); }
667 if ($1.length == 7 && strncmp($1.value, "FILEHDR", 7) == 0)
668 $$.includes_filehdr = 1;
670 yyerror(closure, "PHDRS syntax error");
675 $$.includes_phdrs = 1;
677 | string '(' INTEGER ')' phdr_info
680 if ($1.length == 5 && strncmp($1.value, "FLAGS", 5) == 0)
682 $$.is_flags_valid = 1;
686 yyerror(closure, "PHDRS syntax error");
688 | AT '(' parse_exp ')' phdr_info
691 $$.load_address = $3;
695 /* Set a symbol to a value. */
698 { script_set_symbol(closure, $1.value, $1.length, $3, 0, 0); }
699 | string PLUSEQ parse_exp
701 Expression_ptr s = script_exp_string($1.value, $1.length);
702 Expression_ptr e = script_exp_binary_add(s, $3);
703 script_set_symbol(closure, $1.value, $1.length, e, 0, 0);
705 | string MINUSEQ parse_exp
707 Expression_ptr s = script_exp_string($1.value, $1.length);
708 Expression_ptr e = script_exp_binary_sub(s, $3);
709 script_set_symbol(closure, $1.value, $1.length, e, 0, 0);
711 | string MULTEQ parse_exp
713 Expression_ptr s = script_exp_string($1.value, $1.length);
714 Expression_ptr e = script_exp_binary_mult(s, $3);
715 script_set_symbol(closure, $1.value, $1.length, e, 0, 0);
717 | string DIVEQ parse_exp
719 Expression_ptr s = script_exp_string($1.value, $1.length);
720 Expression_ptr e = script_exp_binary_div(s, $3);
721 script_set_symbol(closure, $1.value, $1.length, e, 0, 0);
723 | string LSHIFTEQ parse_exp
725 Expression_ptr s = script_exp_string($1.value, $1.length);
726 Expression_ptr e = script_exp_binary_lshift(s, $3);
727 script_set_symbol(closure, $1.value, $1.length, e, 0, 0);
729 | string RSHIFTEQ parse_exp
731 Expression_ptr s = script_exp_string($1.value, $1.length);
732 Expression_ptr e = script_exp_binary_rshift(s, $3);
733 script_set_symbol(closure, $1.value, $1.length, e, 0, 0);
735 | string ANDEQ parse_exp
737 Expression_ptr s = script_exp_string($1.value, $1.length);
738 Expression_ptr e = script_exp_binary_bitwise_and(s, $3);
739 script_set_symbol(closure, $1.value, $1.length, e, 0, 0);
741 | string OREQ parse_exp
743 Expression_ptr s = script_exp_string($1.value, $1.length);
744 Expression_ptr e = script_exp_binary_bitwise_or(s, $3);
745 script_set_symbol(closure, $1.value, $1.length, e, 0, 0);
747 | PROVIDE '(' string '=' parse_exp ')'
748 { script_set_symbol(closure, $3.value, $3.length, $5, 1, 0); }
749 | PROVIDE_HIDDEN '(' string '=' parse_exp ')'
750 { script_set_symbol(closure, $3.value, $3.length, $5, 1, 1); }
753 /* Parse an expression, putting the lexer into the right mode. */
755 { script_push_lex_into_expression_mode(closure); }
758 script_pop_lex_mode(closure);
767 | '-' exp %prec UNARY
768 { $$ = script_exp_unary_minus($2); }
769 | '!' exp %prec UNARY
770 { $$ = script_exp_unary_logical_not($2); }
771 | '~' exp %prec UNARY
772 { $$ = script_exp_unary_bitwise_not($2); }
773 | '+' exp %prec UNARY
776 { $$ = script_exp_binary_mult($1, $3); }
778 { $$ = script_exp_binary_div($1, $3); }
780 { $$ = script_exp_binary_mod($1, $3); }
782 { $$ = script_exp_binary_add($1, $3); }
784 { $$ = script_exp_binary_sub($1, $3); }
786 { $$ = script_exp_binary_lshift($1, $3); }
788 { $$ = script_exp_binary_rshift($1, $3); }
790 { $$ = script_exp_binary_eq($1, $3); }
792 { $$ = script_exp_binary_ne($1, $3); }
794 { $$ = script_exp_binary_le($1, $3); }
796 { $$ = script_exp_binary_ge($1, $3); }
798 { $$ = script_exp_binary_lt($1, $3); }
800 { $$ = script_exp_binary_gt($1, $3); }
802 { $$ = script_exp_binary_bitwise_and($1, $3); }
804 { $$ = script_exp_binary_bitwise_xor($1, $3); }
806 { $$ = script_exp_binary_bitwise_or($1, $3); }
808 { $$ = script_exp_binary_logical_and($1, $3); }
810 { $$ = script_exp_binary_logical_or($1, $3); }
811 | exp '?' exp ':' exp
812 { $$ = script_exp_trinary_cond($1, $3, $5); }
814 { $$ = script_exp_integer($1); }
816 { $$ = script_exp_string($1.value, $1.length); }
817 | MAX_K '(' exp ',' exp ')'
818 { $$ = script_exp_function_max($3, $5); }
819 | MIN_K '(' exp ',' exp ')'
820 { $$ = script_exp_function_min($3, $5); }
821 | DEFINED '(' string ')'
822 { $$ = script_exp_function_defined($3.value, $3.length); }
824 { $$ = script_exp_function_sizeof_headers(); }
825 | ALIGNOF '(' string ')'
826 { $$ = script_exp_function_alignof($3.value, $3.length); }
827 | SIZEOF '(' string ')'
828 { $$ = script_exp_function_sizeof($3.value, $3.length); }
829 | ADDR '(' string ')'
830 { $$ = script_exp_function_addr($3.value, $3.length); }
831 | LOADADDR '(' string ')'
832 { $$ = script_exp_function_loadaddr($3.value, $3.length); }
833 | ORIGIN '(' string ')'
834 { $$ = script_exp_function_origin($3.value, $3.length); }
835 | LENGTH '(' string ')'
836 { $$ = script_exp_function_length($3.value, $3.length); }
837 | CONSTANT '(' string ')'
838 { $$ = script_exp_function_constant($3.value, $3.length); }
839 | ABSOLUTE '(' exp ')'
840 { $$ = script_exp_function_absolute($3); }
841 | ALIGN_K '(' exp ')'
842 { $$ = script_exp_function_align(script_exp_string(".", 1), $3); }
843 | ALIGN_K '(' exp ',' exp ')'
844 { $$ = script_exp_function_align($3, $5); }
846 { $$ = script_exp_function_align(script_exp_string(".", 1), $3); }
847 | DATA_SEGMENT_ALIGN '(' exp ',' exp ')'
849 script_data_segment_align(closure);
850 $$ = script_exp_function_data_segment_align($3, $5);
852 | DATA_SEGMENT_RELRO_END '(' exp ',' exp ')'
854 script_data_segment_relro_end(closure);
855 $$ = script_exp_function_data_segment_relro_end($3, $5);
857 | DATA_SEGMENT_END '(' exp ')'
858 { $$ = script_exp_function_data_segment_end($3); }
859 | SEGMENT_START '(' string ',' exp ')'
861 $$ = script_exp_function_segment_start($3.value, $3.length, $5);
863 | ASSERT_K '(' exp ',' string ')'
864 { $$ = script_exp_function_assert($3, $5.value, $5.length); }
867 /* Handle the --defsym option. */
870 { script_set_symbol(closure, $1.value, $1.length, $3, 0, 0); }
873 /* Handle the --dynamic-list option. A dynamic list has the format
874 { sym1; sym2; extern "C++" { namespace::sym3 }; };
875 We store the symbol we see in the "local" list; that is where
876 Command_line::in_dynamic_list() will look to do its check.
877 TODO(csilvers): More than one of these brace-lists can appear, and
878 should just be merged and treated as a single list. */
879 dynamic_list_expr: dynamic_list_nodes ;
883 | dynamic_list_nodes dynamic_list_node
887 '{' vers_defns ';' '}' ';'
888 { script_new_vers_node (closure, NULL, $2); }
891 /* A version script. */
898 | vers_nodes vers_node
904 script_register_vers_node (closure, NULL, 0, $2, NULL);
906 | string '{' vers_tag '}' ';'
908 script_register_vers_node (closure, $1.value, $1.length, $3,
911 | string '{' vers_tag '}' verdep ';'
913 script_register_vers_node (closure, $1.value, $1.length, $3, $5);
920 $$ = script_add_vers_depend (closure, NULL, $1.value, $1.length);
924 $$ = script_add_vers_depend (closure, $1, $2.value, $2.length);
930 { $$ = script_new_vers_node (closure, NULL, NULL); }
932 { $$ = script_new_vers_node (closure, $1, NULL); }
933 | GLOBAL ':' vers_defns ';'
934 { $$ = script_new_vers_node (closure, $3, NULL); }
935 | LOCAL ':' vers_defns ';'
936 { $$ = script_new_vers_node (closure, NULL, $3); }
937 | GLOBAL ':' vers_defns ';' LOCAL ':' vers_defns ';'
938 { $$ = script_new_vers_node (closure, $3, $7); }
941 /* Here is one of the rare places we care about the distinction
942 between STRING and QUOTED_STRING. For QUOTED_STRING, we do exact
943 matching on the pattern, so we pass in true for the exact_match
944 parameter. For STRING, we do glob matching and pass in false. */
948 $$ = script_new_vers_pattern (closure, NULL, $1.value,
953 $$ = script_new_vers_pattern (closure, NULL, $1.value,
956 | vers_defns ';' STRING
958 $$ = script_new_vers_pattern (closure, $1, $3.value,
961 | vers_defns ';' QUOTED_STRING
963 $$ = script_new_vers_pattern (closure, $1, $3.value,
966 | /* Push string on the language stack. */
968 { version_script_push_lang (closure, $2.value, $2.length); }
969 vers_defns opt_semicolon '}'
972 version_script_pop_lang(closure);
974 | /* Push string on the language stack. This is more complicated
975 than the other cases because we need to merge the linked-list
976 state from the pre-EXTERN defns and the post-EXTERN defns. */
977 vers_defns ';' EXTERN string '{'
978 { version_script_push_lang (closure, $4.value, $4.length); }
979 vers_defns opt_semicolon '}'
981 $$ = script_merge_expressions ($1, $7);
982 version_script_pop_lang(closure);
984 | EXTERN // "extern" as a symbol name
986 $$ = script_new_vers_pattern (closure, NULL, "extern",
987 sizeof("extern") - 1, 1);
989 | vers_defns ';' EXTERN
991 $$ = script_new_vers_pattern (closure, $1, "extern",
992 sizeof("extern") - 1, 1);
996 /* A string can be either a STRING or a QUOTED_STRING. Almost all the
997 time we don't care, and we use this rule. */
1005 /* Some statements require a terminator, which may be a semicolon or a
1012 /* An optional semicolon. */
1018 /* An optional comma. */