1 /* gspawn.c - Process launching
3 * Copyright 2000 Red Hat, Inc.
4 * g_execvpe implementation based on GNU libc execvp:
5 * Copyright 1991, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
7 * GLib is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
10 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 * GLib is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18 * License along with GLib; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write
19 * to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
20 * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
26 #include <sys/types.h>
33 #include <stdlib.h> /* for fdwalk */
36 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
37 #include <sys/select.h>
38 #endif /* HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H */
40 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
41 #include <sys/resource.h>
42 #endif /* HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H */
46 #include "glib/gstdio.h"
52 #include "gstrfuncs.h"
53 #include "gtestutils.h"
56 #include "glib-unix.h"
60 * @Short_description: process launching
61 * @Title: Spawning Processes
66 static gint g_execute (const gchar *file,
70 gboolean search_path_from_envp);
72 static gboolean fork_exec_with_pipes (gboolean intermediate_child,
73 const gchar *working_directory,
76 gboolean close_descriptors,
78 gboolean search_path_from_envp,
79 gboolean stdout_to_null,
80 gboolean stderr_to_null,
81 gboolean child_inherits_stdin,
82 gboolean file_and_argv_zero,
83 gboolean cloexec_pipes,
84 GSpawnChildSetupFunc child_setup,
88 gint *standard_output,
92 G_DEFINE_QUARK (g-exec-error-quark, g_spawn_error)
93 G_DEFINE_QUARK (g-spawn-exit-error-quark, g_spawn_exit_error)
97 * @working_directory: (allow-none): child's current working directory, or %NULL to inherit parent's
98 * @argv: (array zero-terminated=1): child's argument vector
99 * @envp: (array zero-terminated=1) (allow-none): child's environment, or %NULL to inherit parent's
100 * @flags: flags from #GSpawnFlags
101 * @child_setup: (scope async) (allow-none): function to run in the child just before exec()
102 * @user_data: (closure): user data for @child_setup
103 * @child_pid: (out) (allow-none): return location for child process reference, or %NULL
104 * @error: return location for error
106 * See g_spawn_async_with_pipes() for a full description; this function
107 * simply calls the g_spawn_async_with_pipes() without any pipes.
109 * You should call g_spawn_close_pid() on the returned child process
110 * reference when you don't need it any more.
112 * If you are writing a GTK+ application, and the program you are
113 * spawning is a graphical application, too, then you may want to
114 * use gdk_spawn_on_screen() instead to ensure that the spawned program
115 * opens its windows on the right screen.
117 * Note that the returned @child_pid on Windows is a handle to the child
118 * process and not its identifier. Process handles and process identifiers
119 * are different concepts on Windows.
121 * Returns: %TRUE on success, %FALSE if error is set
124 g_spawn_async (const gchar *working_directory,
128 GSpawnChildSetupFunc child_setup,
133 g_return_val_if_fail (argv != NULL, FALSE);
135 return g_spawn_async_with_pipes (working_directory,
145 /* Avoids a danger in threaded situations (calling close()
146 * on a file descriptor twice, and another thread has
147 * re-opened it since the first close)
150 close_and_invalidate (gint *fd)
156 (void) g_close (*fd, NULL);
161 /* Some versions of OS X define READ_OK in public headers */
166 READ_FAILED = 0, /* FALSE */
172 read_data (GString *str,
180 bytes = read (fd, buf, 4096);
186 g_string_append_len (str, buf, bytes);
189 else if (errno == EINTR)
198 _("Failed to read data from child process (%s)"),
207 * @working_directory: (allow-none): child's current working directory, or %NULL to inherit parent's
208 * @argv: (array zero-terminated=1): child's argument vector
209 * @envp: (array zero-terminated=1) (allow-none): child's environment, or %NULL to inherit parent's
210 * @flags: flags from #GSpawnFlags
211 * @child_setup: (scope async) (allow-none): function to run in the child just before exec()
212 * @user_data: (closure): user data for @child_setup
213 * @standard_output: (out) (array zero-terminated=1) (element-type guint8) (allow-none): return location for child output, or %NULL
214 * @standard_error: (out) (array zero-terminated=1) (element-type guint8) (allow-none): return location for child error messages, or %NULL
215 * @exit_status: (out) (allow-none): return location for child exit status, as returned by waitpid(), or %NULL
216 * @error: return location for error, or %NULL
218 * Executes a child synchronously (waits for the child to exit before returning).
219 * All output from the child is stored in @standard_output and @standard_error,
220 * if those parameters are non-%NULL. Note that you must set the
221 * %G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL and %G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL flags when
222 * passing %NULL for @standard_output and @standard_error.
224 * If @exit_status is non-%NULL, the platform-specific exit status of
225 * the child is stored there; see the documentation of
226 * g_spawn_check_exit_status() for how to use and interpret this.
227 * Note that it is invalid to pass %G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD in
230 * If an error occurs, no data is returned in @standard_output,
231 * @standard_error, or @exit_status.
233 * This function calls g_spawn_async_with_pipes() internally; see that
234 * function for full details on the other parameters and details on
235 * how these functions work on Windows.
237 * Returns: %TRUE on success, %FALSE if an error was set
240 g_spawn_sync (const gchar *working_directory,
244 GSpawnChildSetupFunc child_setup,
246 gchar **standard_output,
247 gchar **standard_error,
256 GString *outstr = NULL;
257 GString *errstr = NULL;
261 g_return_val_if_fail (argv != NULL, FALSE);
262 g_return_val_if_fail (!(flags & G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD), FALSE);
263 g_return_val_if_fail (standard_output == NULL ||
264 !(flags & G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL), FALSE);
265 g_return_val_if_fail (standard_error == NULL ||
266 !(flags & G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL), FALSE);
268 /* Just to ensure segfaults if callers try to use
269 * these when an error is reported.
272 *standard_output = NULL;
275 *standard_error = NULL;
277 if (!fork_exec_with_pipes (FALSE,
281 !(flags & G_SPAWN_LEAVE_DESCRIPTORS_OPEN),
282 (flags & G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH) != 0,
283 (flags & G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP) != 0,
284 (flags & G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL) != 0,
285 (flags & G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL) != 0,
286 (flags & G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN) != 0,
287 (flags & G_SPAWN_FILE_AND_ARGV_ZERO) != 0,
288 (flags & G_SPAWN_CLOEXEC_PIPES) != 0,
293 standard_output ? &outpipe : NULL,
294 standard_error ? &errpipe : NULL,
298 /* Read data from child. */
304 outstr = g_string_new (NULL);
309 errstr = g_string_new (NULL);
312 /* Read data until we get EOF on both pipes. */
321 FD_SET (outpipe, &fds);
323 FD_SET (errpipe, &fds);
325 ret = select (MAX (outpipe, errpipe) + 1,
328 NULL /* no timeout */);
342 _("Unexpected error in select() reading data from a child process (%s)"),
348 if (outpipe >= 0 && FD_ISSET (outpipe, &fds))
350 switch (read_data (outstr, outpipe, error))
356 close_and_invalidate (&outpipe);
367 if (errpipe >= 0 && FD_ISSET (errpipe, &fds))
369 switch (read_data (errstr, errpipe, error))
375 close_and_invalidate (&errpipe);
387 /* These should only be open still if we had an error. */
390 close_and_invalidate (&outpipe);
392 close_and_invalidate (&errpipe);
394 /* Wait for child to exit, even if we have
399 ret = waitpid (pid, &status, 0);
405 else if (errno == ECHILD)
409 g_warning ("In call to g_spawn_sync(), exit status of a child process was requested but ECHILD was received by waitpid(). Most likely the process is ignoring SIGCHLD, or some other thread is invoking waitpid() with a nonpositive first argument; either behavior can break applications that use g_spawn_sync either directly or indirectly.");
413 /* We don't need the exit status. */
418 if (!failed) /* avoid error pileups */
427 _("Unexpected error in waitpid() (%s)"),
436 g_string_free (outstr, TRUE);
438 g_string_free (errstr, TRUE);
445 *exit_status = status;
448 *standard_output = g_string_free (outstr, FALSE);
451 *standard_error = g_string_free (errstr, FALSE);
458 * g_spawn_async_with_pipes:
459 * @working_directory: (allow-none): child's current working directory, or %NULL to inherit parent's, in the GLib file name encoding
460 * @argv: (array zero-terminated=1): child's argument vector, in the GLib file name encoding
461 * @envp: (array zero-terminated=1) (allow-none): child's environment, or %NULL to inherit parent's, in the GLib file name encoding
462 * @flags: flags from #GSpawnFlags
463 * @child_setup: (scope async) (allow-none): function to run in the child just before exec()
464 * @user_data: (closure): user data for @child_setup
465 * @child_pid: (out) (allow-none): return location for child process ID, or %NULL
466 * @standard_input: (out) (allow-none): return location for file descriptor to write to child's stdin, or %NULL
467 * @standard_output: (out) (allow-none): return location for file descriptor to read child's stdout, or %NULL
468 * @standard_error: (out) (allow-none): return location for file descriptor to read child's stderr, or %NULL
469 * @error: return location for error
471 * Executes a child program asynchronously (your program will not
472 * block waiting for the child to exit). The child program is
473 * specified by the only argument that must be provided, @argv.
474 * @argv should be a %NULL-terminated array of strings, to be passed
475 * as the argument vector for the child. The first string in @argv
476 * is of course the name of the program to execute. By default, the
477 * name of the program must be a full path. If @flags contains the
478 * %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH flag, the `PATH` environment variable is
479 * used to search for the executable. If @flags contains the
480 * %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP flag, the `PATH` variable from
481 * @envp is used to search for the executable. If both the
482 * %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH and %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP flags
483 * are set, the `PATH` variable from @envp takes precedence over
484 * the environment variable.
486 * If the program name is not a full path and %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH flag is not
487 * used, then the program will be run from the current directory (or
488 * @working_directory, if specified); this might be unexpected or even
489 * dangerous in some cases when the current directory is world-writable.
491 * On Windows, note that all the string or string vector arguments to
492 * this function and the other g_spawn*() functions are in UTF-8, the
493 * GLib file name encoding. Unicode characters that are not part of
494 * the system codepage passed in these arguments will be correctly
495 * available in the spawned program only if it uses wide character API
496 * to retrieve its command line. For C programs built with Microsoft's
497 * tools it is enough to make the program have a wmain() instead of
498 * main(). wmain() has a wide character argument vector as parameter.
500 * At least currently, mingw doesn't support wmain(), so if you use
501 * mingw to develop the spawned program, it will have to call the
502 * undocumented function __wgetmainargs() to get the wide character
503 * argument vector and environment. See gspawn-win32-helper.c in the
504 * GLib sources or init.c in the mingw runtime sources for a prototype
505 * for that function. Alternatively, you can retrieve the Win32 system
506 * level wide character command line passed to the spawned program
507 * using the GetCommandLineW() function.
509 * On Windows the low-level child process creation API CreateProcess()
510 * doesn't use argument vectors, but a command line. The C runtime
511 * library's spawn*() family of functions (which g_spawn_async_with_pipes()
512 * eventually calls) paste the argument vector elements together into
513 * a command line, and the C runtime startup code does a corresponding
514 * reconstruction of an argument vector from the command line, to be
515 * passed to main(). Complications arise when you have argument vector
516 * elements that contain spaces of double quotes. The spawn*() functions
517 * don't do any quoting or escaping, but on the other hand the startup
518 * code does do unquoting and unescaping in order to enable receiving
519 * arguments with embedded spaces or double quotes. To work around this
520 * asymmetry, g_spawn_async_with_pipes() will do quoting and escaping on
521 * argument vector elements that need it before calling the C runtime
524 * The returned @child_pid on Windows is a handle to the child
525 * process, not its identifier. Process handles and process
526 * identifiers are different concepts on Windows.
528 * @envp is a %NULL-terminated array of strings, where each string
529 * has the form `KEY=VALUE`. This will become the child's environment.
530 * If @envp is %NULL, the child inherits its parent's environment.
532 * @flags should be the bitwise OR of any flags you want to affect the
533 * function's behaviour. The %G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD means that the
534 * child will not automatically be reaped; you must use a child watch to
535 * be notified about the death of the child process. Eventually you must
536 * call g_spawn_close_pid() on the @child_pid, in order to free
537 * resources which may be associated with the child process. (On Unix,
538 * using a child watch is equivalent to calling waitpid() or handling
539 * the %SIGCHLD signal manually. On Windows, calling g_spawn_close_pid()
540 * is equivalent to calling CloseHandle() on the process handle returned
541 * in @child_pid). See g_child_watch_add().
543 * %G_SPAWN_LEAVE_DESCRIPTORS_OPEN means that the parent's open file
544 * descriptors will be inherited by the child; otherwise all descriptors
545 * except stdin/stdout/stderr will be closed before calling exec() in
546 * the child. %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH means that @argv[0] need not be an
547 * absolute path, it will be looked for in the `PATH` environment
548 * variable. %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP means need not be an
549 * absolute path, it will be looked for in the `PATH` variable from
550 * @envp. If both %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH and %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP
551 * are used, the value from @envp takes precedence over the environment.
552 * %G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL means that the child's standard output
553 * will be discarded, instead of going to the same location as the parent's
554 * standard output. If you use this flag, @standard_output must be %NULL.
555 * %G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL means that the child's standard error
556 * will be discarded, instead of going to the same location as the parent's
557 * standard error. If you use this flag, @standard_error must be %NULL.
558 * %G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN means that the child will inherit the parent's
559 * standard input (by default, the child's standard input is attached to
560 * /dev/null). If you use this flag, @standard_input must be %NULL.
561 * %G_SPAWN_FILE_AND_ARGV_ZERO means that the first element of @argv is
562 * the file to execute, while the remaining elements are the actual
563 * argument vector to pass to the file. Normally g_spawn_async_with_pipes()
564 * uses @argv[0] as the file to execute, and passes all of @argv to the child.
566 * @child_setup and @user_data are a function and user data. On POSIX
567 * platforms, the function is called in the child after GLib has
568 * performed all the setup it plans to perform (including creating
569 * pipes, closing file descriptors, etc.) but before calling exec().
570 * That is, @child_setup is called just before calling exec() in the
571 * child. Obviously actions taken in this function will only affect
572 * the child, not the parent.
574 * On Windows, there is no separate fork() and exec() functionality.
575 * Child processes are created and run with a single API call,
576 * CreateProcess(). There is no sensible thing @child_setup
577 * could be used for on Windows so it is ignored and not called.
579 * If non-%NULL, @child_pid will on Unix be filled with the child's
580 * process ID. You can use the process ID to send signals to the child,
581 * or to use g_child_watch_add() (or waitpid()) if you specified the
582 * %G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD flag. On Windows, @child_pid will be
583 * filled with a handle to the child process only if you specified the
584 * %G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD flag. You can then access the child
585 * process using the Win32 API, for example wait for its termination
586 * with the WaitFor*() functions, or examine its exit code with
587 * GetExitCodeProcess(). You should close the handle with CloseHandle()
588 * or g_spawn_close_pid() when you no longer need it.
590 * If non-%NULL, the @standard_input, @standard_output, @standard_error
591 * locations will be filled with file descriptors for writing to the child's
592 * standard input or reading from its standard output or standard error.
593 * The caller of g_spawn_async_with_pipes() must close these file descriptors
594 * when they are no longer in use. If these parameters are %NULL, the
595 * corresponding pipe won't be created.
597 * If @standard_input is NULL, the child's standard input is attached to
598 * /dev/null unless %G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN is set.
600 * If @standard_error is NULL, the child's standard error goes to the same
601 * location as the parent's standard error unless %G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL
604 * If @standard_output is NULL, the child's standard output goes to the same
605 * location as the parent's standard output unless %G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL
608 * @error can be %NULL to ignore errors, or non-%NULL to report errors.
609 * If an error is set, the function returns %FALSE. Errors are reported
610 * even if they occur in the child (for example if the executable in
611 * @argv[0] is not found). Typically the `message` field of returned
612 * errors should be displayed to users. Possible errors are those from
613 * the #G_SPAWN_ERROR domain.
615 * If an error occurs, @child_pid, @standard_input, @standard_output,
616 * and @standard_error will not be filled with valid values.
618 * If @child_pid is not %NULL and an error does not occur then the returned
619 * process reference must be closed using g_spawn_close_pid().
621 * If you are writing a GTK+ application, and the program you
622 * are spawning is a graphical application, too, then you may
623 * want to use gdk_spawn_on_screen_with_pipes() instead to ensure that
624 * the spawned program opens its windows on the right screen.
626 * Returns: %TRUE on success, %FALSE if an error was set
629 g_spawn_async_with_pipes (const gchar *working_directory,
633 GSpawnChildSetupFunc child_setup,
636 gint *standard_input,
637 gint *standard_output,
638 gint *standard_error,
641 g_return_val_if_fail (argv != NULL, FALSE);
642 g_return_val_if_fail (standard_output == NULL ||
643 !(flags & G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL), FALSE);
644 g_return_val_if_fail (standard_error == NULL ||
645 !(flags & G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL), FALSE);
646 /* can't inherit stdin if we have an input pipe. */
647 g_return_val_if_fail (standard_input == NULL ||
648 !(flags & G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN), FALSE);
650 return fork_exec_with_pipes (!(flags & G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD),
654 !(flags & G_SPAWN_LEAVE_DESCRIPTORS_OPEN),
655 (flags & G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH) != 0,
656 (flags & G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP) != 0,
657 (flags & G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL) != 0,
658 (flags & G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL) != 0,
659 (flags & G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN) != 0,
660 (flags & G_SPAWN_FILE_AND_ARGV_ZERO) != 0,
661 (flags & G_SPAWN_CLOEXEC_PIPES) != 0,
672 * g_spawn_command_line_sync:
673 * @command_line: a command line
674 * @standard_output: (out) (array zero-terminated=1) (element-type guint8) (allow-none): return location for child output
675 * @standard_error: (out) (array zero-terminated=1) (element-type guint8) (allow-none): return location for child errors
676 * @exit_status: (out) (allow-none): return location for child exit status, as returned by waitpid()
677 * @error: return location for errors
679 * A simple version of g_spawn_sync() with little-used parameters
680 * removed, taking a command line instead of an argument vector. See
681 * g_spawn_sync() for full details. @command_line will be parsed by
682 * g_shell_parse_argv(). Unlike g_spawn_sync(), the %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH flag
683 * is enabled. Note that %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH can have security
684 * implications, so consider using g_spawn_sync() directly if
685 * appropriate. Possible errors are those from g_spawn_sync() and those
686 * from g_shell_parse_argv().
688 * If @exit_status is non-%NULL, the platform-specific exit status of
689 * the child is stored there; see the documentation of
690 * g_spawn_check_exit_status() for how to use and interpret this.
692 * On Windows, please note the implications of g_shell_parse_argv()
693 * parsing @command_line. Parsing is done according to Unix shell rules, not
694 * Windows command interpreter rules.
695 * Space is a separator, and backslashes are
696 * special. Thus you cannot simply pass a @command_line containing
697 * canonical Windows paths, like "c:\\program files\\app\\app.exe", as
698 * the backslashes will be eaten, and the space will act as a
699 * separator. You need to enclose such paths with single quotes, like
700 * "'c:\\program files\\app\\app.exe' 'e:\\folder\\argument.txt'".
702 * Returns: %TRUE on success, %FALSE if an error was set
705 g_spawn_command_line_sync (const gchar *command_line,
706 gchar **standard_output,
707 gchar **standard_error,
714 g_return_val_if_fail (command_line != NULL, FALSE);
716 if (!g_shell_parse_argv (command_line,
721 retval = g_spawn_sync (NULL,
737 * g_spawn_command_line_async:
738 * @command_line: a command line
739 * @error: return location for errors
741 * A simple version of g_spawn_async() that parses a command line with
742 * g_shell_parse_argv() and passes it to g_spawn_async(). Runs a
743 * command line in the background. Unlike g_spawn_async(), the
744 * %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH flag is enabled, other flags are not. Note
745 * that %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH can have security implications, so
746 * consider using g_spawn_async() directly if appropriate. Possible
747 * errors are those from g_shell_parse_argv() and g_spawn_async().
749 * The same concerns on Windows apply as for g_spawn_command_line_sync().
751 * Returns: %TRUE on success, %FALSE if error is set
754 g_spawn_command_line_async (const gchar *command_line,
760 g_return_val_if_fail (command_line != NULL, FALSE);
762 if (!g_shell_parse_argv (command_line,
767 retval = g_spawn_async (NULL,
781 * g_spawn_check_exit_status:
782 * @exit_status: An exit code as returned from g_spawn_sync()
785 * Set @error if @exit_status indicates the child exited abnormally
786 * (e.g. with a nonzero exit code, or via a fatal signal).
788 * The g_spawn_sync() and g_child_watch_add() family of APIs return an
789 * exit status for subprocesses encoded in a platform-specific way.
790 * On Unix, this is guaranteed to be in the same format waitpid() returns,
791 * and on Windows it is guaranteed to be the result of GetExitCodeProcess().
793 * Prior to the introduction of this function in GLib 2.34, interpreting
794 * @exit_status required use of platform-specific APIs, which is problematic
795 * for software using GLib as a cross-platform layer.
797 * Additionally, many programs simply want to determine whether or not
798 * the child exited successfully, and either propagate a #GError or
799 * print a message to standard error. In that common case, this function
800 * can be used. Note that the error message in @error will contain
801 * human-readable information about the exit status.
803 * The @domain and @code of @error have special semantics in the case
804 * where the process has an "exit code", as opposed to being killed by
805 * a signal. On Unix, this happens if WIFEXITED() would be true of
806 * @exit_status. On Windows, it is always the case.
808 * The special semantics are that the actual exit code will be the
809 * code set in @error, and the domain will be %G_SPAWN_EXIT_ERROR.
810 * This allows you to differentiate between different exit codes.
812 * If the process was terminated by some means other than an exit
813 * status, the domain will be %G_SPAWN_ERROR, and the code will be
814 * %G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED.
816 * This function just offers convenience; you can of course also check
817 * the available platform via a macro such as %G_OS_UNIX, and use
818 * WIFEXITED() and WEXITSTATUS() on @exit_status directly. Do not attempt
819 * to scan or parse the error message string; it may be translated and/or
820 * change in future versions of GLib.
822 * Returns: %TRUE if child exited successfully, %FALSE otherwise (and
823 * @error will be set)
828 g_spawn_check_exit_status (gint exit_status,
831 gboolean ret = FALSE;
833 if (WIFEXITED (exit_status))
835 if (WEXITSTATUS (exit_status) != 0)
837 g_set_error (error, G_SPAWN_EXIT_ERROR, WEXITSTATUS (exit_status),
838 _("Child process exited with code %ld"),
839 (long) WEXITSTATUS (exit_status));
843 else if (WIFSIGNALED (exit_status))
845 g_set_error (error, G_SPAWN_ERROR, G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
846 _("Child process killed by signal %ld"),
847 (long) WTERMSIG (exit_status));
850 else if (WIFSTOPPED (exit_status))
852 g_set_error (error, G_SPAWN_ERROR, G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
853 _("Child process stopped by signal %ld"),
854 (long) WSTOPSIG (exit_status));
859 g_set_error (error, G_SPAWN_ERROR, G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
860 _("Child process exited abnormally"));
870 exec_err_to_g_error (gint en)
876 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_ACCES;
882 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_PERM;
888 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_TOO_BIG;
894 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOEXEC;
900 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_NAMETOOLONG;
906 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOENT;
912 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOMEM;
918 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOTDIR;
924 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_LOOP;
930 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_TXTBUSY;
936 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_IO;
942 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_NFILE;
948 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_MFILE;
954 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_INVAL;
960 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_ISDIR;
966 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_LIBBAD;
971 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED;
977 write_all (gint fd, gconstpointer vbuf, gsize to_write)
979 gchar *buf = (gchar *) vbuf;
983 gssize count = write (fd, buf, to_write);
1001 write_err_and_exit (gint fd, gint msg)
1005 write_all (fd, &msg, sizeof(msg));
1006 write_all (fd, &en, sizeof(en));
1012 set_cloexec (void *data, gint fd)
1014 if (fd >= GPOINTER_TO_INT (data))
1015 fcntl (fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
1022 fdwalk (int (*cb)(void *data, int fd), void *data)
1028 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
1035 if ((d = opendir("/proc/self/fd"))) {
1038 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1042 if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
1046 l = strtol(de->d_name, &e, 10);
1047 if (errno != 0 || !e || *e)
1052 if ((glong) fd != l)
1058 if ((res = cb (data, fd)) != 0)
1066 /* If /proc is not mounted or not accessible we fall back to the old
1071 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
1073 if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) == 0 && rl.rlim_max != RLIM_INFINITY)
1074 open_max = rl.rlim_max;
1077 open_max = sysconf (_SC_OPEN_MAX);
1079 for (fd = 0; fd < open_max; fd++)
1080 if ((res = cb (data, fd)) != 0)
1088 sane_dup2 (gint fd1, gint fd2)
1093 ret = dup2 (fd1, fd2);
1094 if (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR)
1101 sane_open (const char *path, gint mode)
1106 ret = open (path, mode);
1107 if (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR)
1122 do_exec (gint child_err_report_fd,
1126 const gchar *working_directory,
1129 gboolean close_descriptors,
1130 gboolean search_path,
1131 gboolean search_path_from_envp,
1132 gboolean stdout_to_null,
1133 gboolean stderr_to_null,
1134 gboolean child_inherits_stdin,
1135 gboolean file_and_argv_zero,
1136 GSpawnChildSetupFunc child_setup,
1139 if (working_directory && chdir (working_directory) < 0)
1140 write_err_and_exit (child_err_report_fd,
1141 CHILD_CHDIR_FAILED);
1143 /* Close all file descriptors but stdin stdout and stderr as
1144 * soon as we exec. Note that this includes
1145 * child_err_report_fd, which keeps the parent from blocking
1146 * forever on the other end of that pipe.
1148 if (close_descriptors)
1150 fdwalk (set_cloexec, GINT_TO_POINTER(3));
1154 /* We need to do child_err_report_fd anyway */
1155 set_cloexec (GINT_TO_POINTER(0), child_err_report_fd);
1158 /* Redirect pipes as required */
1162 /* dup2 can't actually fail here I don't think */
1164 if (sane_dup2 (stdin_fd, 0) < 0)
1165 write_err_and_exit (child_err_report_fd,
1168 /* ignore this if it doesn't work */
1169 close_and_invalidate (&stdin_fd);
1171 else if (!child_inherits_stdin)
1173 /* Keep process from blocking on a read of stdin */
1174 gint read_null = open ("/dev/null", O_RDONLY);
1175 g_assert (read_null != -1);
1176 sane_dup2 (read_null, 0);
1177 close_and_invalidate (&read_null);
1182 /* dup2 can't actually fail here I don't think */
1184 if (sane_dup2 (stdout_fd, 1) < 0)
1185 write_err_and_exit (child_err_report_fd,
1188 /* ignore this if it doesn't work */
1189 close_and_invalidate (&stdout_fd);
1191 else if (stdout_to_null)
1193 gint write_null = sane_open ("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
1194 g_assert (write_null != -1);
1195 sane_dup2 (write_null, 1);
1196 close_and_invalidate (&write_null);
1201 /* dup2 can't actually fail here I don't think */
1203 if (sane_dup2 (stderr_fd, 2) < 0)
1204 write_err_and_exit (child_err_report_fd,
1207 /* ignore this if it doesn't work */
1208 close_and_invalidate (&stderr_fd);
1210 else if (stderr_to_null)
1212 gint write_null = sane_open ("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
1213 sane_dup2 (write_null, 2);
1214 close_and_invalidate (&write_null);
1217 /* Call user function just before we exec */
1220 (* child_setup) (user_data);
1224 file_and_argv_zero ? argv + 1 : argv,
1225 envp, search_path, search_path_from_envp);
1228 write_err_and_exit (child_err_report_fd,
1245 if (bytes >= sizeof(gint)*2)
1246 break; /* give up, who knows what happened, should not be
1252 ((gchar*)buf) + bytes,
1253 sizeof(gint) * n_ints_in_buf - bytes);
1254 if (chunk < 0 && errno == EINTR)
1261 /* Some weird shit happened, bail out */
1264 G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
1265 _("Failed to read from child pipe (%s)"),
1266 g_strerror (errsv));
1270 else if (chunk == 0)
1272 else /* chunk > 0 */
1276 *n_ints_read = (gint)(bytes / sizeof(gint));
1282 fork_exec_with_pipes (gboolean intermediate_child,
1283 const gchar *working_directory,
1286 gboolean close_descriptors,
1287 gboolean search_path,
1288 gboolean search_path_from_envp,
1289 gboolean stdout_to_null,
1290 gboolean stderr_to_null,
1291 gboolean child_inherits_stdin,
1292 gboolean file_and_argv_zero,
1293 gboolean cloexec_pipes,
1294 GSpawnChildSetupFunc child_setup,
1297 gint *standard_input,
1298 gint *standard_output,
1299 gint *standard_error,
1303 gint stdin_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
1304 gint stdout_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
1305 gint stderr_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
1306 gint child_err_report_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
1307 gint child_pid_report_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
1308 guint pipe_flags = cloexec_pipes ? FD_CLOEXEC : 0;
1311 if (!g_unix_open_pipe (child_err_report_pipe, pipe_flags, error))
1314 if (intermediate_child && !g_unix_open_pipe (child_pid_report_pipe, pipe_flags, error))
1315 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1317 if (standard_input && !g_unix_open_pipe (stdin_pipe, pipe_flags, error))
1318 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1320 if (standard_output && !g_unix_open_pipe (stdout_pipe, pipe_flags, error))
1321 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1323 if (standard_error && !g_unix_open_pipe (stderr_pipe, FD_CLOEXEC, error))
1324 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1335 _("Failed to fork (%s)"),
1336 g_strerror (errsv));
1338 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1342 /* Immediate child. This may or may not be the child that
1343 * actually execs the new process.
1346 /* Reset some signal handlers that we may use */
1347 signal (SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
1348 signal (SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
1349 signal (SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
1350 signal (SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
1352 /* Be sure we crash if the parent exits
1353 * and we write to the err_report_pipe
1355 signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
1357 /* Close the parent's end of the pipes;
1358 * not needed in the close_descriptors case,
1361 close_and_invalidate (&child_err_report_pipe[0]);
1362 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[0]);
1363 close_and_invalidate (&stdin_pipe[1]);
1364 close_and_invalidate (&stdout_pipe[0]);
1365 close_and_invalidate (&stderr_pipe[0]);
1367 if (intermediate_child)
1369 /* We need to fork an intermediate child that launches the
1370 * final child. The purpose of the intermediate child
1371 * is to exit, so we can waitpid() it immediately.
1372 * Then the grandchild will not become a zombie.
1374 GPid grandchild_pid;
1376 grandchild_pid = fork ();
1378 if (grandchild_pid < 0)
1380 /* report -1 as child PID */
1381 write_all (child_pid_report_pipe[1], &grandchild_pid,
1382 sizeof(grandchild_pid));
1384 write_err_and_exit (child_err_report_pipe[1],
1387 else if (grandchild_pid == 0)
1389 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[1]);
1390 do_exec (child_err_report_pipe[1],
1399 search_path_from_envp,
1402 child_inherits_stdin,
1409 write_all (child_pid_report_pipe[1], &grandchild_pid, sizeof(grandchild_pid));
1410 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[1]);
1417 /* Just run the child.
1420 do_exec (child_err_report_pipe[1],
1429 search_path_from_envp,
1432 child_inherits_stdin,
1445 /* Close the uncared-about ends of the pipes */
1446 close_and_invalidate (&child_err_report_pipe[1]);
1447 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[1]);
1448 close_and_invalidate (&stdin_pipe[0]);
1449 close_and_invalidate (&stdout_pipe[1]);
1450 close_and_invalidate (&stderr_pipe[1]);
1452 /* If we had an intermediate child, reap it */
1453 if (intermediate_child)
1456 if (waitpid (pid, &status, 0) < 0)
1460 else if (errno == ECHILD)
1461 ; /* do nothing, child already reaped */
1463 g_warning ("waitpid() should not fail in "
1464 "'fork_exec_with_pipes'");
1469 if (!read_ints (child_err_report_pipe[0],
1472 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1476 /* Error from the child. */
1480 case CHILD_CHDIR_FAILED:
1483 G_SPAWN_ERROR_CHDIR,
1484 _("Failed to change to directory '%s' (%s)"),
1486 g_strerror (buf[1]));
1490 case CHILD_EXEC_FAILED:
1493 exec_err_to_g_error (buf[1]),
1494 _("Failed to execute child process \"%s\" (%s)"),
1496 g_strerror (buf[1]));
1500 case CHILD_DUP2_FAILED:
1503 G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
1504 _("Failed to redirect output or input of child process (%s)"),
1505 g_strerror (buf[1]));
1509 case CHILD_FORK_FAILED:
1513 _("Failed to fork child process (%s)"),
1514 g_strerror (buf[1]));
1520 G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
1521 _("Unknown error executing child process \"%s\""),
1526 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1529 /* Get child pid from intermediate child pipe. */
1530 if (intermediate_child)
1534 if (!read_ints (child_pid_report_pipe[0],
1535 buf, 1, &n_ints, error))
1536 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1544 G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
1545 _("Failed to read enough data from child pid pipe (%s)"),
1546 g_strerror (errsv));
1547 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1551 /* we have the child pid */
1556 /* Success against all odds! return the information */
1557 close_and_invalidate (&child_err_report_pipe[0]);
1558 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[0]);
1564 *standard_input = stdin_pipe[1];
1565 if (standard_output)
1566 *standard_output = stdout_pipe[0];
1568 *standard_error = stderr_pipe[0];
1575 /* There was an error from the Child, reap the child to avoid it being
1582 if (waitpid (pid, NULL, 0) < 0)
1586 else if (errno == ECHILD)
1587 ; /* do nothing, child already reaped */
1589 g_warning ("waitpid() should not fail in "
1590 "'fork_exec_with_pipes'");
1594 close_and_invalidate (&child_err_report_pipe[0]);
1595 close_and_invalidate (&child_err_report_pipe[1]);
1596 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[0]);
1597 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[1]);
1598 close_and_invalidate (&stdin_pipe[0]);
1599 close_and_invalidate (&stdin_pipe[1]);
1600 close_and_invalidate (&stdout_pipe[0]);
1601 close_and_invalidate (&stdout_pipe[1]);
1602 close_and_invalidate (&stderr_pipe[0]);
1603 close_and_invalidate (&stderr_pipe[1]);
1608 /* Based on execvp from GNU C Library */
1611 script_execute (const gchar *file,
1615 /* Count the arguments. */
1620 /* Construct an argument list for the shell. */
1624 new_argv = g_new0 (gchar*, argc + 2); /* /bin/sh and NULL */
1626 new_argv[0] = (char *) "/bin/sh";
1627 new_argv[1] = (char *) file;
1630 new_argv[argc + 1] = argv[argc];
1634 /* Execute the shell. */
1636 execve (new_argv[0], new_argv, envp);
1638 execv (new_argv[0], new_argv);
1645 my_strchrnul (const gchar *str, gchar c)
1647 gchar *p = (gchar*) str;
1648 while (*p && (*p != c))
1655 g_execute (const gchar *file,
1658 gboolean search_path,
1659 gboolean search_path_from_envp)
1663 /* We check the simple case first. */
1668 if (!(search_path || search_path_from_envp) || strchr (file, '/') != NULL)
1670 /* Don't search when it contains a slash. */
1672 execve (file, argv, envp);
1676 if (errno == ENOEXEC)
1677 script_execute (file, argv, envp);
1681 gboolean got_eacces = 0;
1682 const gchar *path, *p;
1683 gchar *name, *freeme;
1688 if (search_path_from_envp)
1689 path = g_environ_getenv (envp, "PATH");
1690 if (search_path && path == NULL)
1691 path = g_getenv ("PATH");
1695 /* There is no 'PATH' in the environment. The default
1696 * search path in libc is the current directory followed by
1697 * the path 'confstr' returns for '_CS_PATH'.
1700 /* In GLib we put . last, for security, and don't use the
1701 * unportable confstr(); UNIX98 does not actually specify
1702 * what to search if PATH is unset. POSIX may, dunno.
1705 path = "/bin:/usr/bin:.";
1708 len = strlen (file) + 1;
1709 pathlen = strlen (path);
1710 freeme = name = g_malloc (pathlen + len + 1);
1712 /* Copy the file name at the top, including '\0' */
1713 memcpy (name + pathlen + 1, file, len);
1714 name = name + pathlen;
1715 /* And add the slash before the filename */
1724 p = my_strchrnul (path, ':');
1727 /* Two adjacent colons, or a colon at the beginning or the end
1728 * of 'PATH' means to search the current directory.
1732 startp = memcpy (name - (p - path), path, p - path);
1734 /* Try to execute this name. If it works, execv will not return. */
1736 execve (startp, argv, envp);
1738 execv (startp, argv);
1740 if (errno == ENOEXEC)
1741 script_execute (startp, argv, envp);
1746 /* Record the we got a 'Permission denied' error. If we end
1747 * up finding no executable we can use, we want to diagnose
1748 * that we did find one but were denied access.
1761 /* Those errors indicate the file is missing or not executable
1762 * by us, in which case we want to just try the next path
1769 /* Some strange filesystems like AFS return even
1770 * stranger error numbers. They cannot reasonably mean anything
1771 * else so ignore those, too.
1776 /* Some other error means we found an executable file, but
1777 * something went wrong executing it; return the error to our
1784 while (*p++ != '\0');
1786 /* We tried every element and none of them worked. */
1788 /* At least one failure was due to permissions, so report that
1796 /* Return the error from the last attempt (probably ENOENT). */
1801 * g_spawn_close_pid:
1802 * @pid: The process reference to close
1804 * On some platforms, notably Windows, the #GPid type represents a resource
1805 * which must be closed to prevent resource leaking. g_spawn_close_pid()
1806 * is provided for this purpose. It should be used on all platforms, even
1807 * though it doesn't do anything under UNIX.
1810 g_spawn_close_pid (GPid pid)