1 /* gspawn.c - Process launching
3 * Copyright 2000 Red Hat, Inc.
4 * g_execvpe implementation based on GNU libc execvp:
5 * Copyright 1991, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
7 * GLib is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
10 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 * GLib is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18 * License along with GLib; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write
19 * to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
20 * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
26 #include <sys/types.h>
33 #include <stdlib.h> /* for fdwalk */
36 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
37 #include <sys/select.h>
38 #endif /* HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H */
40 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
41 #include <sys/resource.h>
42 #endif /* HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H */
51 #include "gstrfuncs.h"
52 #include "gtestutils.h"
59 * @Short_description: process launching
60 * @Title: Spawning Processes
65 static gint g_execute (const gchar *file,
69 gboolean search_path_from_envp);
71 static gboolean make_pipe (gint p[2],
73 static gboolean fork_exec_with_pipes (gboolean intermediate_child,
74 const gchar *working_directory,
77 gboolean close_descriptors,
79 gboolean search_path_from_envp,
80 gboolean stdout_to_null,
81 gboolean stderr_to_null,
82 gboolean child_inherits_stdin,
83 gboolean file_and_argv_zero,
84 GSpawnChildSetupFunc child_setup,
88 gint *standard_output,
92 G_DEFINE_QUARK (g-exec-error-quark, g_spawn_error)
93 G_DEFINE_QUARK (g-spawn-exit-error-quark, g_spawn_exit_error)
97 * @working_directory: (allow-none): child's current working directory, or %NULL to inherit parent's
98 * @argv: (array zero-terminated=1): child's argument vector
99 * @envp: (array zero-terminated=1) (allow-none): child's environment, or %NULL to inherit parent's
100 * @flags: flags from #GSpawnFlags
101 * @child_setup: (scope async) (allow-none): function to run in the child just before exec()
102 * @user_data: (closure): user data for @child_setup
103 * @child_pid: (out) (allow-none): return location for child process reference, or %NULL
104 * @error: return location for error
106 * See g_spawn_async_with_pipes() for a full description; this function
107 * simply calls the g_spawn_async_with_pipes() without any pipes.
109 * You should call g_spawn_close_pid() on the returned child process
110 * reference when you don't need it any more.
113 * If you are writing a GTK+ application, and the program you
114 * are spawning is a graphical application, too, then you may
115 * want to use gdk_spawn_on_screen() instead to ensure that
116 * the spawned program opens its windows on the right screen.
119 * <note><para> Note that the returned @child_pid on Windows is a
120 * handle to the child process and not its identifier. Process handles
121 * and process identifiers are different concepts on Windows.
124 * Return value: %TRUE on success, %FALSE if error is set
127 g_spawn_async (const gchar *working_directory,
131 GSpawnChildSetupFunc child_setup,
136 g_return_val_if_fail (argv != NULL, FALSE);
138 return g_spawn_async_with_pipes (working_directory,
148 /* Avoids a danger in threaded situations (calling close()
149 * on a file descriptor twice, and another thread has
150 * re-opened it since the first close)
153 close_and_invalidate (gint *fd)
163 if (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR)
171 /* Some versions of OS X define READ_OK in public headers */
176 READ_FAILED = 0, /* FALSE */
182 read_data (GString *str,
190 bytes = read (fd, buf, 4096);
196 g_string_append_len (str, buf, bytes);
199 else if (errno == EINTR)
208 _("Failed to read data from child process (%s)"),
217 * @working_directory: (allow-none): child's current working directory, or %NULL to inherit parent's
218 * @argv: (array zero-terminated=1): child's argument vector
219 * @envp: (array zero-terminated=1) (allow-none): child's environment, or %NULL to inherit parent's
220 * @flags: flags from #GSpawnFlags
221 * @child_setup: (scope async) (allow-none): function to run in the child just before exec()
222 * @user_data: (closure): user data for @child_setup
223 * @standard_output: (out) (array zero-terminated=1) (element-type guint8) (allow-none): return location for child output, or %NULL
224 * @standard_error: (out) (array zero-terminated=1) (element-type guint8) (allow-none): return location for child error messages, or %NULL
225 * @exit_status: (out) (allow-none): return location for child exit status, as returned by waitpid(), or %NULL
226 * @error: return location for error, or %NULL
228 * Executes a child synchronously (waits for the child to exit before returning).
229 * All output from the child is stored in @standard_output and @standard_error,
230 * if those parameters are non-%NULL. Note that you must set the
231 * %G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL and %G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL flags when
232 * passing %NULL for @standard_output and @standard_error.
234 * If @exit_status is non-%NULL, the platform-specific exit status of
235 * the child is stored there; see the doucumentation of
236 * g_spawn_check_exit_status() for how to use and interpret this.
237 * Note that it is invalid to pass %G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD in
240 * If an error occurs, no data is returned in @standard_output,
241 * @standard_error, or @exit_status.
243 * This function calls g_spawn_async_with_pipes() internally; see that
244 * function for full details on the other parameters and details on
245 * how these functions work on Windows.
247 * Return value: %TRUE on success, %FALSE if an error was set.
250 g_spawn_sync (const gchar *working_directory,
254 GSpawnChildSetupFunc child_setup,
256 gchar **standard_output,
257 gchar **standard_error,
266 GString *outstr = NULL;
267 GString *errstr = NULL;
271 g_return_val_if_fail (argv != NULL, FALSE);
272 g_return_val_if_fail (!(flags & G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD), FALSE);
273 g_return_val_if_fail (standard_output == NULL ||
274 !(flags & G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL), FALSE);
275 g_return_val_if_fail (standard_error == NULL ||
276 !(flags & G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL), FALSE);
278 /* Just to ensure segfaults if callers try to use
279 * these when an error is reported.
282 *standard_output = NULL;
285 *standard_error = NULL;
287 if (!fork_exec_with_pipes (FALSE,
291 !(flags & G_SPAWN_LEAVE_DESCRIPTORS_OPEN),
292 (flags & G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH) != 0,
293 (flags & G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP) != 0,
294 (flags & G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL) != 0,
295 (flags & G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL) != 0,
296 (flags & G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN) != 0,
297 (flags & G_SPAWN_FILE_AND_ARGV_ZERO) != 0,
302 standard_output ? &outpipe : NULL,
303 standard_error ? &errpipe : NULL,
307 /* Read data from child. */
313 outstr = g_string_new (NULL);
318 errstr = g_string_new (NULL);
321 /* Read data until we get EOF on both pipes. */
330 FD_SET (outpipe, &fds);
332 FD_SET (errpipe, &fds);
334 ret = select (MAX (outpipe, errpipe) + 1,
337 NULL /* no timeout */);
351 _("Unexpected error in select() reading data from a child process (%s)"),
357 if (outpipe >= 0 && FD_ISSET (outpipe, &fds))
359 switch (read_data (outstr, outpipe, error))
365 close_and_invalidate (&outpipe);
376 if (errpipe >= 0 && FD_ISSET (errpipe, &fds))
378 switch (read_data (errstr, errpipe, error))
384 close_and_invalidate (&errpipe);
396 /* These should only be open still if we had an error. */
399 close_and_invalidate (&outpipe);
401 close_and_invalidate (&errpipe);
403 /* Wait for child to exit, even if we have
408 ret = waitpid (pid, &status, 0);
414 else if (errno == ECHILD)
418 g_warning ("In call to g_spawn_sync(), exit status of a child process was requested but ECHILD was received by waitpid(). Most likely the process is ignoring SIGCHLD, or some other thread is invoking waitpid() with a nonpositive first argument; either behavior can break applications that use g_spawn_sync either directly or indirectly.");
422 /* We don't need the exit status. */
427 if (!failed) /* avoid error pileups */
436 _("Unexpected error in waitpid() (%s)"),
445 g_string_free (outstr, TRUE);
447 g_string_free (errstr, TRUE);
454 *exit_status = status;
457 *standard_output = g_string_free (outstr, FALSE);
460 *standard_error = g_string_free (errstr, FALSE);
467 * g_spawn_async_with_pipes:
468 * @working_directory: (allow-none): child's current working directory, or %NULL to inherit parent's, in the GLib file name encoding
469 * @argv: (array zero-terminated=1): child's argument vector, in the GLib file name encoding
470 * @envp: (array zero-terminated=1) (allow-none): child's environment, or %NULL to inherit parent's, in the GLib file name encoding
471 * @flags: flags from #GSpawnFlags
472 * @child_setup: (scope async) (allow-none): function to run in the child just before exec()
473 * @user_data: (closure): user data for @child_setup
474 * @child_pid: (out) (allow-none): return location for child process ID, or %NULL
475 * @standard_input: (out) (allow-none): return location for file descriptor to write to child's stdin, or %NULL
476 * @standard_output: (out) (allow-none): return location for file descriptor to read child's stdout, or %NULL
477 * @standard_error: (out) (allow-none): return location for file descriptor to read child's stderr, or %NULL
478 * @error: return location for error
480 * Executes a child program asynchronously (your program will not
481 * block waiting for the child to exit). The child program is
482 * specified by the only argument that must be provided, @argv. @argv
483 * should be a %NULL-terminated array of strings, to be passed as the
484 * argument vector for the child. The first string in @argv is of
485 * course the name of the program to execute. By default, the name of
486 * the program must be a full path. If @flags contains the
487 * %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH flag, the <envar>PATH</envar> environment variable
488 * is used to search for the executable. If @flags contains the
489 * %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP flag, the <envar>PATH</envar> variable from
490 * @envp is used to search for the executable.
491 * If both the %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH and %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP
492 * flags are set, the <envar>PATH</envar> variable from @envp takes precedence
493 * over the environment variable.
495 * If the program name is not a full path and %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH flag is not
496 * used, then the program will be run from the current directory (or
497 * @working_directory, if specified); this might be unexpected or even
498 * dangerous in some cases when the current directory is world-writable.
500 * On Windows, note that all the string or string vector arguments to
501 * this function and the other g_spawn*() functions are in UTF-8, the
502 * GLib file name encoding. Unicode characters that are not part of
503 * the system codepage passed in these arguments will be correctly
504 * available in the spawned program only if it uses wide character API
505 * to retrieve its command line. For C programs built with Microsoft's
506 * tools it is enough to make the program have a wmain() instead of
507 * main(). wmain() has a wide character argument vector as parameter.
509 * At least currently, mingw doesn't support wmain(), so if you use
510 * mingw to develop the spawned program, it will have to call the
511 * undocumented function __wgetmainargs() to get the wide character
512 * argument vector and environment. See gspawn-win32-helper.c in the
513 * GLib sources or init.c in the mingw runtime sources for a prototype
514 * for that function. Alternatively, you can retrieve the Win32 system
515 * level wide character command line passed to the spawned program
516 * using the GetCommandLineW() function.
518 * On Windows the low-level child process creation API
519 * <function>CreateProcess()</function> doesn't use argument vectors,
520 * but a command line. The C runtime library's
521 * <function>spawn*()</function> family of functions (which
522 * g_spawn_async_with_pipes() eventually calls) paste the argument
523 * vector elements together into a command line, and the C runtime startup code
524 * does a corresponding reconstruction of an argument vector from the
525 * command line, to be passed to main(). Complications arise when you have
526 * argument vector elements that contain spaces of double quotes. The
527 * <function>spawn*()</function> functions don't do any quoting or
528 * escaping, but on the other hand the startup code does do unquoting
529 * and unescaping in order to enable receiving arguments with embedded
530 * spaces or double quotes. To work around this asymmetry,
531 * g_spawn_async_with_pipes() will do quoting and escaping on argument
532 * vector elements that need it before calling the C runtime
535 * The returned @child_pid on Windows is a handle to the child
536 * process, not its identifier. Process handles and process
537 * identifiers are different concepts on Windows.
539 * @envp is a %NULL-terminated array of strings, where each string
540 * has the form <literal>KEY=VALUE</literal>. This will become
541 * the child's environment. If @envp is %NULL, the child inherits its
542 * parent's environment.
544 * @flags should be the bitwise OR of any flags you want to affect the
545 * function's behaviour. The %G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD means that the
546 * child will not automatically be reaped; you must use a child watch to
547 * be notified about the death of the child process. Eventually you must
548 * call g_spawn_close_pid() on the @child_pid, in order to free
549 * resources which may be associated with the child process. (On Unix,
550 * using a child watch is equivalent to calling waitpid() or handling
551 * the <literal>SIGCHLD</literal> signal manually. On Windows, calling g_spawn_close_pid()
552 * is equivalent to calling CloseHandle() on the process handle returned
553 * in @child_pid). See g_child_watch_add().
555 * %G_SPAWN_LEAVE_DESCRIPTORS_OPEN means that the parent's open file
556 * descriptors will be inherited by the child; otherwise all
557 * descriptors except stdin/stdout/stderr will be closed before
558 * calling exec() in the child. %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH
559 * means that <literal>argv[0]</literal> need not be an absolute path, it
560 * will be looked for in the <envar>PATH</envar> environment variable.
561 * %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP means need not be an absolute path, it
562 * will be looked for in the <envar>PATH</envar> variable from @envp. If
563 * both %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH and %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP are used,
564 * the value from @envp takes precedence over the environment.
565 * %G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL means that the child's standard output will
566 * be discarded, instead of going to the same location as the parent's
567 * standard output. If you use this flag, @standard_output must be %NULL.
568 * %G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL means that the child's standard error
569 * will be discarded, instead of going to the same location as the parent's
570 * standard error. If you use this flag, @standard_error must be %NULL.
571 * %G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN means that the child will inherit the parent's
572 * standard input (by default, the child's standard input is attached to
573 * /dev/null). If you use this flag, @standard_input must be %NULL.
574 * %G_SPAWN_FILE_AND_ARGV_ZERO means that the first element of @argv is
575 * the file to execute, while the remaining elements are the
576 * actual argument vector to pass to the file. Normally
577 * g_spawn_async_with_pipes() uses @argv[0] as the file to execute, and
578 * passes all of @argv to the child.
580 * @child_setup and @user_data are a function and user data. On POSIX
581 * platforms, the function is called in the child after GLib has
582 * performed all the setup it plans to perform (including creating
583 * pipes, closing file descriptors, etc.) but before calling
584 * exec(). That is, @child_setup is called just
585 * before calling exec() in the child. Obviously
586 * actions taken in this function will only affect the child, not the
589 * On Windows, there is no separate fork() and exec()
590 * functionality. Child processes are created and run with a single
591 * API call, CreateProcess(). There is no sensible thing @child_setup
592 * could be used for on Windows so it is ignored and not called.
594 * If non-%NULL, @child_pid will on Unix be filled with the child's
595 * process ID. You can use the process ID to send signals to the
596 * child, or to use g_child_watch_add() (or waitpid()) if you specified the
597 * %G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD flag. On Windows, @child_pid will be
598 * filled with a handle to the child process only if you specified the
599 * %G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD flag. You can then access the child
600 * process using the Win32 API, for example wait for its termination
601 * with the <function>WaitFor*()</function> functions, or examine its
602 * exit code with GetExitCodeProcess(). You should close the handle
603 * with CloseHandle() or g_spawn_close_pid() when you no longer need it.
605 * If non-%NULL, the @standard_input, @standard_output, @standard_error
606 * locations will be filled with file descriptors for writing to the child's
607 * standard input or reading from its standard output or standard error.
608 * The caller of g_spawn_async_with_pipes() must close these file descriptors
609 * when they are no longer in use. If these parameters are %NULL, the corresponding
610 * pipe won't be created.
612 * If @standard_input is NULL, the child's standard input is attached to
613 * /dev/null unless %G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN is set.
615 * If @standard_error is NULL, the child's standard error goes to the same
616 * location as the parent's standard error unless %G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL
619 * If @standard_output is NULL, the child's standard output goes to the same
620 * location as the parent's standard output unless %G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL
623 * @error can be %NULL to ignore errors, or non-%NULL to report errors.
624 * If an error is set, the function returns %FALSE. Errors
625 * are reported even if they occur in the child (for example if the
626 * executable in <literal>argv[0]</literal> is not found). Typically
627 * the <literal>message</literal> field of returned errors should be displayed
628 * to users. Possible errors are those from the #G_SPAWN_ERROR domain.
630 * If an error occurs, @child_pid, @standard_input, @standard_output,
631 * and @standard_error will not be filled with valid values.
633 * If @child_pid is not %NULL and an error does not occur then the returned
634 * process reference must be closed using g_spawn_close_pid().
637 * If you are writing a GTK+ application, and the program you
638 * are spawning is a graphical application, too, then you may
639 * want to use gdk_spawn_on_screen_with_pipes() instead to ensure that
640 * the spawned program opens its windows on the right screen.
643 * Return value: %TRUE on success, %FALSE if an error was set
646 g_spawn_async_with_pipes (const gchar *working_directory,
650 GSpawnChildSetupFunc child_setup,
653 gint *standard_input,
654 gint *standard_output,
655 gint *standard_error,
658 g_return_val_if_fail (argv != NULL, FALSE);
659 g_return_val_if_fail (standard_output == NULL ||
660 !(flags & G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL), FALSE);
661 g_return_val_if_fail (standard_error == NULL ||
662 !(flags & G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL), FALSE);
663 /* can't inherit stdin if we have an input pipe. */
664 g_return_val_if_fail (standard_input == NULL ||
665 !(flags & G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN), FALSE);
667 return fork_exec_with_pipes (!(flags & G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD),
671 !(flags & G_SPAWN_LEAVE_DESCRIPTORS_OPEN),
672 (flags & G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH) != 0,
673 (flags & G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP) != 0,
674 (flags & G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL) != 0,
675 (flags & G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL) != 0,
676 (flags & G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN) != 0,
677 (flags & G_SPAWN_FILE_AND_ARGV_ZERO) != 0,
688 * g_spawn_command_line_sync:
689 * @command_line: a command line
690 * @standard_output: (out) (array zero-terminated=1) (element-type guint8) (allow-none): return location for child output
691 * @standard_error: (out) (array zero-terminated=1) (element-type guint8) (allow-none): return location for child errors
692 * @exit_status: (out) (allow-none): return location for child exit status, as returned by waitpid()
693 * @error: return location for errors
695 * A simple version of g_spawn_sync() with little-used parameters
696 * removed, taking a command line instead of an argument vector. See
697 * g_spawn_sync() for full details. @command_line will be parsed by
698 * g_shell_parse_argv(). Unlike g_spawn_sync(), the %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH flag
699 * is enabled. Note that %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH can have security
700 * implications, so consider using g_spawn_sync() directly if
701 * appropriate. Possible errors are those from g_spawn_sync() and those
702 * from g_shell_parse_argv().
704 * If @exit_status is non-%NULL, the platform-specific exit status of
705 * the child is stored there; see the documentation of
706 * g_spawn_check_exit_status() for how to use and interpret this.
708 * On Windows, please note the implications of g_shell_parse_argv()
709 * parsing @command_line. Parsing is done according to Unix shell rules, not
710 * Windows command interpreter rules.
711 * Space is a separator, and backslashes are
712 * special. Thus you cannot simply pass a @command_line containing
713 * canonical Windows paths, like "c:\\program files\\app\\app.exe", as
714 * the backslashes will be eaten, and the space will act as a
715 * separator. You need to enclose such paths with single quotes, like
716 * "'c:\\program files\\app\\app.exe' 'e:\\folder\\argument.txt'".
718 * Return value: %TRUE on success, %FALSE if an error was set
721 g_spawn_command_line_sync (const gchar *command_line,
722 gchar **standard_output,
723 gchar **standard_error,
730 g_return_val_if_fail (command_line != NULL, FALSE);
732 if (!g_shell_parse_argv (command_line,
737 retval = g_spawn_sync (NULL,
753 * g_spawn_command_line_async:
754 * @command_line: a command line
755 * @error: return location for errors
757 * A simple version of g_spawn_async() that parses a command line with
758 * g_shell_parse_argv() and passes it to g_spawn_async(). Runs a
759 * command line in the background. Unlike g_spawn_async(), the
760 * %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH flag is enabled, other flags are not. Note
761 * that %G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH can have security implications, so
762 * consider using g_spawn_async() directly if appropriate. Possible
763 * errors are those from g_shell_parse_argv() and g_spawn_async().
765 * The same concerns on Windows apply as for g_spawn_command_line_sync().
767 * Return value: %TRUE on success, %FALSE if error is set.
770 g_spawn_command_line_async (const gchar *command_line,
776 g_return_val_if_fail (command_line != NULL, FALSE);
778 if (!g_shell_parse_argv (command_line,
783 retval = g_spawn_async (NULL,
797 * g_spawn_check_exit_status:
798 * @exit_status: An exit code as returned from g_spawn_sync()
801 * Set @error if @exit_status indicates the child exited abnormally
802 * (e.g. with a nonzero exit code, or via a fatal signal).
804 * The g_spawn_sync() and g_child_watch_add() family of APIs return an
805 * exit status for subprocesses encoded in a platform-specific way.
806 * On Unix, this is guaranteed to be in the same format
807 * <literal>waitpid(2)</literal> returns, and on Windows it is
808 * guaranteed to be the result of
809 * <literal>GetExitCodeProcess()</literal>. Prior to the introduction
810 * of this function in GLib 2.34, interpreting @exit_status required
811 * use of platform-specific APIs, which is problematic for software
812 * using GLib as a cross-platform layer.
814 * Additionally, many programs simply want to determine whether or not
815 * the child exited successfully, and either propagate a #GError or
816 * print a message to standard error. In that common case, this
817 * function can be used. Note that the error message in @error will
818 * contain human-readable information about the exit status.
820 * The <literal>domain</literal> and <literal>code</literal> of @error
821 * have special semantics in the case where the process has an "exit
822 * code", as opposed to being killed by a signal. On Unix, this
823 * happens if <literal>WIFEXITED</literal> would be true of
824 * @exit_status. On Windows, it is always the case.
826 * The special semantics are that the actual exit code will be the
827 * code set in @error, and the domain will be %G_SPAWN_EXIT_ERROR.
828 * This allows you to differentiate between different exit codes.
830 * If the process was terminated by some means other than an exit
831 * status, the domain will be %G_SPAWN_ERROR, and the code will be
832 * %G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED.
834 * This function just offers convenience; you can of course also check
835 * the available platform via a macro such as %G_OS_UNIX, and use
836 * <literal>WIFEXITED()</literal> and <literal>WEXITSTATUS()</literal>
837 * on @exit_status directly. Do not attempt to scan or parse the
838 * error message string; it may be translated and/or change in future
841 * Returns: %TRUE if child exited successfully, %FALSE otherwise (and @error will be set)
845 g_spawn_check_exit_status (gint exit_status,
848 gboolean ret = FALSE;
850 if (WIFEXITED (exit_status))
852 if (WEXITSTATUS (exit_status) != 0)
854 g_set_error (error, G_SPAWN_EXIT_ERROR, WEXITSTATUS (exit_status),
855 _("Child process exited with code %ld"),
856 (long) WEXITSTATUS (exit_status));
860 else if (WIFSIGNALED (exit_status))
862 g_set_error (error, G_SPAWN_ERROR, G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
863 _("Child process killed by signal %ld"),
864 (long) WTERMSIG (exit_status));
867 else if (WIFSTOPPED (exit_status))
869 g_set_error (error, G_SPAWN_ERROR, G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
870 _("Child process stopped by signal %ld"),
871 (long) WSTOPSIG (exit_status));
876 g_set_error (error, G_SPAWN_ERROR, G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
877 _("Child process exited abnormally"));
887 exec_err_to_g_error (gint en)
893 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_ACCES;
899 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_PERM;
905 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_TOO_BIG;
911 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOEXEC;
917 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_NAMETOOLONG;
923 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOENT;
929 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOMEM;
935 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOTDIR;
941 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_LOOP;
947 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_TXTBUSY;
953 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_IO;
959 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_NFILE;
965 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_MFILE;
971 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_INVAL;
977 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_ISDIR;
983 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_LIBBAD;
988 return G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED;
994 write_all (gint fd, gconstpointer vbuf, gsize to_write)
996 gchar *buf = (gchar *) vbuf;
1000 gssize count = write (fd, buf, to_write);
1018 write_err_and_exit (gint fd, gint msg)
1022 write_all (fd, &msg, sizeof(msg));
1023 write_all (fd, &en, sizeof(en));
1029 set_cloexec (void *data, gint fd)
1031 if (fd >= GPOINTER_TO_INT (data))
1032 fcntl (fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
1039 fdwalk (int (*cb)(void *data, int fd), void *data)
1045 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
1052 if ((d = opendir("/proc/self/fd"))) {
1055 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1059 if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
1063 l = strtol(de->d_name, &e, 10);
1064 if (errno != 0 || !e || *e)
1069 if ((glong) fd != l)
1075 if ((res = cb (data, fd)) != 0)
1083 /* If /proc is not mounted or not accessible we fall back to the old
1088 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
1090 if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) == 0 && rl.rlim_max != RLIM_INFINITY)
1091 open_max = rl.rlim_max;
1094 open_max = sysconf (_SC_OPEN_MAX);
1096 for (fd = 0; fd < open_max; fd++)
1097 if ((res = cb (data, fd)) != 0)
1105 sane_dup2 (gint fd1, gint fd2)
1110 ret = dup2 (fd1, fd2);
1111 if (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR)
1118 sane_open (const char *path, gint mode)
1123 ret = open (path, mode);
1124 if (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR)
1139 do_exec (gint child_err_report_fd,
1143 const gchar *working_directory,
1146 gboolean close_descriptors,
1147 gboolean search_path,
1148 gboolean search_path_from_envp,
1149 gboolean stdout_to_null,
1150 gboolean stderr_to_null,
1151 gboolean child_inherits_stdin,
1152 gboolean file_and_argv_zero,
1153 GSpawnChildSetupFunc child_setup,
1156 if (working_directory && chdir (working_directory) < 0)
1157 write_err_and_exit (child_err_report_fd,
1158 CHILD_CHDIR_FAILED);
1160 /* Close all file descriptors but stdin stdout and stderr as
1161 * soon as we exec. Note that this includes
1162 * child_err_report_fd, which keeps the parent from blocking
1163 * forever on the other end of that pipe.
1165 if (close_descriptors)
1167 fdwalk (set_cloexec, GINT_TO_POINTER(3));
1171 /* We need to do child_err_report_fd anyway */
1172 set_cloexec (GINT_TO_POINTER(0), child_err_report_fd);
1175 /* Redirect pipes as required */
1179 /* dup2 can't actually fail here I don't think */
1181 if (sane_dup2 (stdin_fd, 0) < 0)
1182 write_err_and_exit (child_err_report_fd,
1185 /* ignore this if it doesn't work */
1186 close_and_invalidate (&stdin_fd);
1188 else if (!child_inherits_stdin)
1190 /* Keep process from blocking on a read of stdin */
1191 gint read_null = open ("/dev/null", O_RDONLY);
1192 g_assert (read_null != -1);
1193 sane_dup2 (read_null, 0);
1194 close_and_invalidate (&read_null);
1199 /* dup2 can't actually fail here I don't think */
1201 if (sane_dup2 (stdout_fd, 1) < 0)
1202 write_err_and_exit (child_err_report_fd,
1205 /* ignore this if it doesn't work */
1206 close_and_invalidate (&stdout_fd);
1208 else if (stdout_to_null)
1210 gint write_null = sane_open ("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
1211 g_assert (write_null != -1);
1212 sane_dup2 (write_null, 1);
1213 close_and_invalidate (&write_null);
1218 /* dup2 can't actually fail here I don't think */
1220 if (sane_dup2 (stderr_fd, 2) < 0)
1221 write_err_and_exit (child_err_report_fd,
1224 /* ignore this if it doesn't work */
1225 close_and_invalidate (&stderr_fd);
1227 else if (stderr_to_null)
1229 gint write_null = sane_open ("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
1230 sane_dup2 (write_null, 2);
1231 close_and_invalidate (&write_null);
1234 /* Call user function just before we exec */
1237 (* child_setup) (user_data);
1241 file_and_argv_zero ? argv + 1 : argv,
1242 envp, search_path, search_path_from_envp);
1245 write_err_and_exit (child_err_report_fd,
1262 if (bytes >= sizeof(gint)*2)
1263 break; /* give up, who knows what happened, should not be
1269 ((gchar*)buf) + bytes,
1270 sizeof(gint) * n_ints_in_buf - bytes);
1271 if (chunk < 0 && errno == EINTR)
1278 /* Some weird shit happened, bail out */
1281 G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
1282 _("Failed to read from child pipe (%s)"),
1283 g_strerror (errsv));
1287 else if (chunk == 0)
1289 else /* chunk > 0 */
1293 *n_ints_read = (gint)(bytes / sizeof(gint));
1299 fork_exec_with_pipes (gboolean intermediate_child,
1300 const gchar *working_directory,
1303 gboolean close_descriptors,
1304 gboolean search_path,
1305 gboolean search_path_from_envp,
1306 gboolean stdout_to_null,
1307 gboolean stderr_to_null,
1308 gboolean child_inherits_stdin,
1309 gboolean file_and_argv_zero,
1310 GSpawnChildSetupFunc child_setup,
1313 gint *standard_input,
1314 gint *standard_output,
1315 gint *standard_error,
1319 gint stdin_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
1320 gint stdout_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
1321 gint stderr_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
1322 gint child_err_report_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
1323 gint child_pid_report_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
1326 if (!make_pipe (child_err_report_pipe, error))
1329 if (intermediate_child && !make_pipe (child_pid_report_pipe, error))
1330 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1332 if (standard_input && !make_pipe (stdin_pipe, error))
1333 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1335 if (standard_output && !make_pipe (stdout_pipe, error))
1336 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1338 if (standard_error && !make_pipe (stderr_pipe, error))
1339 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1350 _("Failed to fork (%s)"),
1351 g_strerror (errsv));
1353 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1357 /* Immediate child. This may or may not be the child that
1358 * actually execs the new process.
1361 /* Reset some signal handlers that we may use */
1362 signal (SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
1363 signal (SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
1364 signal (SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
1365 signal (SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
1367 /* Be sure we crash if the parent exits
1368 * and we write to the err_report_pipe
1370 signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
1372 /* Close the parent's end of the pipes;
1373 * not needed in the close_descriptors case,
1376 close_and_invalidate (&child_err_report_pipe[0]);
1377 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[0]);
1378 close_and_invalidate (&stdin_pipe[1]);
1379 close_and_invalidate (&stdout_pipe[0]);
1380 close_and_invalidate (&stderr_pipe[0]);
1382 if (intermediate_child)
1384 /* We need to fork an intermediate child that launches the
1385 * final child. The purpose of the intermediate child
1386 * is to exit, so we can waitpid() it immediately.
1387 * Then the grandchild will not become a zombie.
1389 GPid grandchild_pid;
1391 grandchild_pid = fork ();
1393 if (grandchild_pid < 0)
1395 /* report -1 as child PID */
1396 write_all (child_pid_report_pipe[1], &grandchild_pid,
1397 sizeof(grandchild_pid));
1399 write_err_and_exit (child_err_report_pipe[1],
1402 else if (grandchild_pid == 0)
1404 do_exec (child_err_report_pipe[1],
1413 search_path_from_envp,
1416 child_inherits_stdin,
1423 write_all (child_pid_report_pipe[1], &grandchild_pid, sizeof(grandchild_pid));
1424 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[1]);
1431 /* Just run the child.
1434 do_exec (child_err_report_pipe[1],
1443 search_path_from_envp,
1446 child_inherits_stdin,
1459 /* Close the uncared-about ends of the pipes */
1460 close_and_invalidate (&child_err_report_pipe[1]);
1461 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[1]);
1462 close_and_invalidate (&stdin_pipe[0]);
1463 close_and_invalidate (&stdout_pipe[1]);
1464 close_and_invalidate (&stderr_pipe[1]);
1466 /* If we had an intermediate child, reap it */
1467 if (intermediate_child)
1470 if (waitpid (pid, &status, 0) < 0)
1474 else if (errno == ECHILD)
1475 ; /* do nothing, child already reaped */
1477 g_warning ("waitpid() should not fail in "
1478 "'fork_exec_with_pipes'");
1483 if (!read_ints (child_err_report_pipe[0],
1486 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1490 /* Error from the child. */
1494 case CHILD_CHDIR_FAILED:
1497 G_SPAWN_ERROR_CHDIR,
1498 _("Failed to change to directory '%s' (%s)"),
1500 g_strerror (buf[1]));
1504 case CHILD_EXEC_FAILED:
1507 exec_err_to_g_error (buf[1]),
1508 _("Failed to execute child process \"%s\" (%s)"),
1510 g_strerror (buf[1]));
1514 case CHILD_DUP2_FAILED:
1517 G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
1518 _("Failed to redirect output or input of child process (%s)"),
1519 g_strerror (buf[1]));
1523 case CHILD_FORK_FAILED:
1527 _("Failed to fork child process (%s)"),
1528 g_strerror (buf[1]));
1534 G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
1535 _("Unknown error executing child process \"%s\""),
1540 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1543 /* Get child pid from intermediate child pipe. */
1544 if (intermediate_child)
1548 if (!read_ints (child_pid_report_pipe[0],
1549 buf, 1, &n_ints, error))
1550 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1558 G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
1559 _("Failed to read enough data from child pid pipe (%s)"),
1560 g_strerror (errsv));
1561 goto cleanup_and_fail;
1565 /* we have the child pid */
1570 /* Success against all odds! return the information */
1571 close_and_invalidate (&child_err_report_pipe[0]);
1572 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[0]);
1578 *standard_input = stdin_pipe[1];
1579 if (standard_output)
1580 *standard_output = stdout_pipe[0];
1582 *standard_error = stderr_pipe[0];
1589 /* There was an error from the Child, reap the child to avoid it being
1596 if (waitpid (pid, NULL, 0) < 0)
1600 else if (errno == ECHILD)
1601 ; /* do nothing, child already reaped */
1603 g_warning ("waitpid() should not fail in "
1604 "'fork_exec_with_pipes'");
1608 close_and_invalidate (&child_err_report_pipe[0]);
1609 close_and_invalidate (&child_err_report_pipe[1]);
1610 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[0]);
1611 close_and_invalidate (&child_pid_report_pipe[1]);
1612 close_and_invalidate (&stdin_pipe[0]);
1613 close_and_invalidate (&stdin_pipe[1]);
1614 close_and_invalidate (&stdout_pipe[0]);
1615 close_and_invalidate (&stdout_pipe[1]);
1616 close_and_invalidate (&stderr_pipe[0]);
1617 close_and_invalidate (&stderr_pipe[1]);
1623 make_pipe (gint p[2],
1631 G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED,
1632 _("Failed to create pipe for communicating with child process (%s)"),
1633 g_strerror (errsv));
1640 /* Based on execvp from GNU C Library */
1643 script_execute (const gchar *file,
1647 /* Count the arguments. */
1652 /* Construct an argument list for the shell. */
1656 new_argv = g_new0 (gchar*, argc + 2); /* /bin/sh and NULL */
1658 new_argv[0] = (char *) "/bin/sh";
1659 new_argv[1] = (char *) file;
1662 new_argv[argc + 1] = argv[argc];
1666 /* Execute the shell. */
1668 execve (new_argv[0], new_argv, envp);
1670 execv (new_argv[0], new_argv);
1677 my_strchrnul (const gchar *str, gchar c)
1679 gchar *p = (gchar*) str;
1680 while (*p && (*p != c))
1687 g_execute (const gchar *file,
1690 gboolean search_path,
1691 gboolean search_path_from_envp)
1695 /* We check the simple case first. */
1700 if (!(search_path || search_path_from_envp) || strchr (file, '/') != NULL)
1702 /* Don't search when it contains a slash. */
1704 execve (file, argv, envp);
1708 if (errno == ENOEXEC)
1709 script_execute (file, argv, envp);
1713 gboolean got_eacces = 0;
1714 const gchar *path, *p;
1715 gchar *name, *freeme;
1720 if (search_path_from_envp)
1721 path = g_environ_getenv (envp, "PATH");
1722 if (search_path && path == NULL)
1723 path = g_getenv ("PATH");
1727 /* There is no `PATH' in the environment. The default
1728 * search path in libc is the current directory followed by
1729 * the path `confstr' returns for `_CS_PATH'.
1732 /* In GLib we put . last, for security, and don't use the
1733 * unportable confstr(); UNIX98 does not actually specify
1734 * what to search if PATH is unset. POSIX may, dunno.
1737 path = "/bin:/usr/bin:.";
1740 len = strlen (file) + 1;
1741 pathlen = strlen (path);
1742 freeme = name = g_malloc (pathlen + len + 1);
1744 /* Copy the file name at the top, including '\0' */
1745 memcpy (name + pathlen + 1, file, len);
1746 name = name + pathlen;
1747 /* And add the slash before the filename */
1756 p = my_strchrnul (path, ':');
1759 /* Two adjacent colons, or a colon at the beginning or the end
1760 * of `PATH' means to search the current directory.
1764 startp = memcpy (name - (p - path), path, p - path);
1766 /* Try to execute this name. If it works, execv will not return. */
1768 execve (startp, argv, envp);
1770 execv (startp, argv);
1772 if (errno == ENOEXEC)
1773 script_execute (startp, argv, envp);
1778 /* Record the we got a `Permission denied' error. If we end
1779 * up finding no executable we can use, we want to diagnose
1780 * that we did find one but were denied access.
1793 /* Those errors indicate the file is missing or not executable
1794 * by us, in which case we want to just try the next path
1801 /* Some strange filesystems like AFS return even
1802 * stranger error numbers. They cannot reasonably mean anything
1803 * else so ignore those, too.
1808 /* Some other error means we found an executable file, but
1809 * something went wrong executing it; return the error to our
1816 while (*p++ != '\0');
1818 /* We tried every element and none of them worked. */
1820 /* At least one failure was due to permissions, so report that
1828 /* Return the error from the last attempt (probably ENOENT). */
1833 * g_spawn_close_pid:
1834 * @pid: The process reference to close
1836 * On some platforms, notably Windows, the #GPid type represents a resource
1837 * which must be closed to prevent resource leaking. g_spawn_close_pid()
1838 * is provided for this purpose. It should be used on all platforms, even
1839 * though it doesn't do anything under UNIX.
1842 g_spawn_close_pid (GPid pid)