1 /* -*- mode: C; c-file-style: "gnu"; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*- */
3 /* GLIB - Library of useful routines for C programming
4 * Copyright (C) 2008 Red Hat, Inc.
6 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
8 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
9 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
14 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
17 * Public License along with this library; if not, write to the
18 * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
19 * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
33 * @short_description: Internet hostname utilities
36 * Functions for manipulating internet hostnames; in particular, for
37 * converting between Unicode and ASCII-encoded forms of
38 * Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs).
41 * url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3490.txt">Internationalized Domain
42 * Names for Applications (IDNA)</ulink> standards allow for the use
43 * of Unicode domain names in applications, while providing
44 * backward-compatibility with the old ASCII-only DNS, by defining an
45 * ASCII-Compatible Encoding of any given Unicode name, which can be
46 * used with non-IDN-aware applications and protocols. (For example,
47 * "Παν語.org" maps to "xn--4wa8awb4637h.org".)
50 #define IDNA_ACE_PREFIX "xn--"
51 #define IDNA_ACE_PREFIX_LEN 4
53 /* Punycode constants, from RFC 3492. */
55 #define PUNYCODE_BASE 36
56 #define PUNYCODE_TMIN 1
57 #define PUNYCODE_TMAX 26
58 #define PUNYCODE_SKEW 38
59 #define PUNYCODE_DAMP 700
60 #define PUNYCODE_INITIAL_BIAS 72
61 #define PUNYCODE_INITIAL_N 0x80
63 #define PUNYCODE_IS_BASIC(cp) ((guint)(cp) < 0x80)
65 /* Encode/decode a single base-36 digit */
67 encode_digit (guint dig)
72 return dig - 26 + '0';
76 decode_digit (gchar dig)
78 if (dig >= 'A' && dig <= 'Z')
80 else if (dig >= 'a' && dig <= 'z')
82 else if (dig >= '0' && dig <= '9')
83 return dig - '0' + 26;
88 /* Punycode bias adaptation algorithm, RFC 3492 section 6.1 */
96 delta = firsttime ? delta / PUNYCODE_DAMP : delta / 2;
97 delta += delta / numpoints;
100 while (delta > ((PUNYCODE_BASE - PUNYCODE_TMIN) * PUNYCODE_TMAX) / 2)
102 delta /= PUNYCODE_BASE - PUNYCODE_TMIN;
106 return k + ((PUNYCODE_BASE - PUNYCODE_TMIN + 1) * delta /
107 (delta + PUNYCODE_SKEW));
110 /* Punycode encoder, RFC 3492 section 6.3. The algorithm is
111 * sufficiently bizarre that it's not really worth trying to explain
115 punycode_encode (const gchar *input_utf8,
116 gsize input_utf8_length,
119 guint delta, handled_chars, num_basic_chars, bias, j, q, k, t, digit;
120 gunichar n, m, *input;
122 gboolean success = FALSE;
124 /* Convert from UTF-8 to Unicode code points */
125 input = g_utf8_to_ucs4 (input_utf8, input_utf8_length, NULL,
126 &input_length, NULL);
130 /* Copy basic chars */
131 for (j = num_basic_chars = 0; j < input_length; j++)
133 if (PUNYCODE_IS_BASIC (input[j]))
135 g_string_append_c (output, g_ascii_tolower (input[j]));
140 g_string_append_c (output, '-');
142 handled_chars = num_basic_chars;
144 /* Encode non-basic chars */
146 bias = PUNYCODE_INITIAL_BIAS;
147 n = PUNYCODE_INITIAL_N;
148 while (handled_chars < input_length)
150 /* let m = the minimum {non-basic} code point >= n in the input */
151 for (m = G_MAXUINT, j = 0; j < input_length; j++)
153 if (input[j] >= n && input[j] < m)
157 if (m - n > (G_MAXUINT - delta) / (handled_chars + 1))
159 delta += (m - n) * (handled_chars + 1);
162 for (j = 0; j < input_length; j++)
169 else if (input[j] == n)
172 for (k = PUNYCODE_BASE; ; k += PUNYCODE_BASE)
176 else if (k >= bias + PUNYCODE_TMAX)
182 digit = t + (q - t) % (PUNYCODE_BASE - t);
183 g_string_append_c (output, encode_digit (digit));
184 q = (q - t) / (PUNYCODE_BASE - t);
187 g_string_append_c (output, encode_digit (q));
188 bias = adapt (delta, handled_chars + 1, handled_chars == num_basic_chars);
205 /* From RFC 3454, Table B.1 */
206 #define idna_is_junk(ch) ((ch) == 0x00AD || (ch) == 0x1806 || (ch) == 0x200B || (ch) == 0x2060 || (ch) == 0xFEFF || (ch) == 0x034F || (ch) == 0x180B || (ch) == 0x180C || (ch) == 0x180D || (ch) == 0x200C || (ch) == 0x200D || ((ch) >= 0xFE00 && (ch) <= 0xFE0F))
208 /* Scan @str for "junk" and return a cleaned-up string if any junk
209 * is found. Else return %NULL.
212 remove_junk (const gchar *str,
215 GString *cleaned = NULL;
219 for (p = str; len == -1 ? *p : p < str + len; p = g_utf8_next_char (p))
221 ch = g_utf8_get_char (p);
222 if (idna_is_junk (ch))
226 cleaned = g_string_new (NULL);
227 g_string_append_len (cleaned, str, p - str);
231 g_string_append_unichar (cleaned, ch);
235 return g_string_free (cleaned, FALSE);
240 static inline gboolean
241 contains_uppercase_letters (const gchar *str,
246 for (p = str; len == -1 ? *p : p < str + len; p = g_utf8_next_char (p))
248 if (g_unichar_isupper (g_utf8_get_char (p)))
254 static inline gboolean
255 contains_non_ascii (const gchar *str,
260 for (p = str; len == -1 ? *p : p < str + len; p++)
262 if ((guchar)*p > 0x80)
268 /* RFC 3454, Appendix C. ish. */
269 static inline gboolean
270 idna_is_prohibited (gunichar ch)
272 switch (g_unichar_type (ch))
274 case G_UNICODE_CONTROL:
275 case G_UNICODE_FORMAT:
276 case G_UNICODE_UNASSIGNED:
277 case G_UNICODE_PRIVATE_USE:
278 case G_UNICODE_SURROGATE:
279 case G_UNICODE_LINE_SEPARATOR:
280 case G_UNICODE_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR:
281 case G_UNICODE_SPACE_SEPARATOR:
284 case G_UNICODE_OTHER_SYMBOL:
285 if (ch == 0xFFFC || ch == 0xFFFD ||
286 (ch >= 0x2FF0 && ch <= 0x2FFB))
290 case G_UNICODE_NON_SPACING_MARK:
291 if (ch == 0x0340 || ch == 0x0341)
300 /* RFC 3491 IDN cleanup algorithm. */
302 nameprep (const gchar *hostname,
305 gchar *name, *tmp = NULL, *p;
307 /* It would be nice if we could do this without repeatedly
308 * allocating strings and converting back and forth between
309 * gunichars and UTF-8... The code does at least avoid doing most of
310 * the sub-operations when they would just be equivalent to a
314 /* Remove presentation-only characters */
315 name = remove_junk (hostname, len);
322 name = (gchar *)hostname;
324 /* Convert to lowercase */
325 if (contains_uppercase_letters (name, len))
327 name = g_utf8_strdown (name, len);
333 /* If there are no UTF8 characters, we're done. */
334 if (!contains_non_ascii (name, len))
336 if (name == (gchar *)hostname)
337 return len == -1 ? g_strdup (hostname) : g_strndup (hostname, len);
343 name = g_utf8_normalize (name, len, G_NORMALIZE_NFKC);
350 /* KC normalization may have created more capital letters (eg,
351 * angstrom -> capital A with ring). So we have to lowercasify a
352 * second time. (This is more-or-less how the nameprep algorithm
353 * does it. If tolower(nfkc(tolower(X))) is guaranteed to be the
354 * same as tolower(nfkc(X)), then we could skip the first tolower,
355 * but I'm not sure it is.)
357 if (contains_uppercase_letters (name, -1))
359 name = g_utf8_strdown (name, -1);
364 /* Check for prohibited characters */
365 for (p = name; *p; p = g_utf8_next_char (p))
367 if (idna_is_prohibited (g_utf8_get_char (p)))
375 /* FIXME: We're supposed to verify certain constraints on bidi
376 * characters, but glib does not appear to have that information.
384 * g_hostname_to_ascii:
385 * @hostname: a valid UTF-8 or ASCII hostname
387 * Converts @hostname to its canonical ASCII form; an ASCII-only
388 * string containing no uppercase letters and not ending with a
391 * Return value: an ASCII hostname, which must be freed, or %NULL if
392 * @hostname is in some way invalid.
397 g_hostname_to_ascii (const gchar *hostname)
399 gchar *name, *label, *p;
404 label = name = nameprep (hostname, -1);
408 out = g_string_new (NULL);
413 for (p = label; *p && *p != '.'; p++)
415 if ((guchar)*p > 0x80)
423 if (!strncmp (label, IDNA_ACE_PREFIX, IDNA_ACE_PREFIX_LEN))
426 g_string_append (out, IDNA_ACE_PREFIX);
427 if (!punycode_encode (label, llen, out))
431 g_string_append_len (out, label, llen);
433 if (out->len - oldlen > 63)
437 if (*label && *++label)
438 g_string_append_c (out, '.');
443 return g_string_free (out, FALSE);
447 g_string_free (out, TRUE);
452 * g_hostname_is_non_ascii:
453 * @hostname: a hostname
455 * Tests if @hostname contains Unicode characters. If this returns
456 * %TRUE, you need to encode the hostname with g_hostname_to_ascii()
457 * before using it in non-IDN-aware contexts.
459 * Note that a hostname might contain a mix of encoded and unencoded
460 * segments, and so it is possible for g_hostname_is_non_ascii() and
461 * g_hostname_is_ascii_encoded() to both return %TRUE for a name.
463 * Return value: %TRUE if @hostname contains any non-ASCII characters
468 g_hostname_is_non_ascii (const gchar *hostname)
470 return contains_non_ascii (hostname, -1);
473 /* Punycode decoder, RFC 3492 section 6.2. As with punycode_encode(),
474 * read the RFC if you want to understand what this is actually doing.
477 punycode_decode (const gchar *input,
481 GArray *output_chars;
484 guint oldi, w, k, digit, t;
487 n = PUNYCODE_INITIAL_N;
489 bias = PUNYCODE_INITIAL_BIAS;
491 split = input + input_length - 1;
492 while (split > input && *split != '-')
496 output_chars = g_array_sized_new (FALSE, FALSE, sizeof (gunichar),
498 input_length -= (split - input) + 1;
499 while (input < split)
501 gunichar ch = (gunichar)*input++;
502 if (!PUNYCODE_IS_BASIC (ch))
504 g_array_append_val (output_chars, ch);
509 output_chars = g_array_new (FALSE, FALSE, sizeof (gunichar));
515 for (k = PUNYCODE_BASE; ; k += PUNYCODE_BASE)
519 digit = decode_digit (*input++);
520 if (digit >= PUNYCODE_BASE)
522 if (digit > (G_MAXUINT - i) / w)
527 else if (k >= bias + PUNYCODE_TMAX)
533 if (w > G_MAXUINT / (PUNYCODE_BASE - t))
535 w *= (PUNYCODE_BASE - t);
538 bias = adapt (i - oldi, output_chars->len + 1, oldi == 0);
540 if (i / (output_chars->len + 1) > G_MAXUINT - n)
542 n += i / (output_chars->len + 1);
543 i %= (output_chars->len + 1);
545 g_array_insert_val (output_chars, i++, n);
548 for (i = 0; i < output_chars->len; i++)
549 g_string_append_unichar (output, g_array_index (output_chars, gunichar, i));
550 g_array_free (output_chars, TRUE);
554 g_array_free (output_chars, TRUE);
559 * g_hostname_to_unicode:
560 * @hostname: a valid UTF-8 or ASCII hostname
562 * Converts @hostname to its canonical presentation form; a UTF-8
563 * string in Unicode normalization form C, containing no uppercase
564 * letters, no forbidden characters, and no ASCII-encoded segments,
565 * and not ending with a trailing dot.
567 * Of course if @hostname is not an internationalized hostname, then
568 * the canonical presentation form will be entirely ASCII.
570 * Return value: a UTF-8 hostname, which must be freed, or %NULL if
571 * @hostname is in some way invalid.
576 g_hostname_to_unicode (const gchar *hostname)
581 out = g_string_new (NULL);
585 llen = strcspn (hostname, ".");
586 if (!g_ascii_strncasecmp (hostname, IDNA_ACE_PREFIX, IDNA_ACE_PREFIX_LEN))
588 hostname += IDNA_ACE_PREFIX_LEN;
589 llen -= IDNA_ACE_PREFIX_LEN;
590 if (!punycode_decode (hostname, llen, out))
592 g_string_free (out, TRUE);
598 gchar *canonicalized = nameprep (hostname, llen);
602 g_string_free (out, TRUE);
605 g_string_append (out, canonicalized);
606 g_free (canonicalized);
610 if (*hostname && *++hostname)
611 g_string_append_c (out, '.');
615 return g_string_free (out, FALSE);
619 * g_hostname_is_ascii_encoded:
620 * @hostname: a hostname
622 * Tests if @hostname contains segments with an ASCII-compatible
623 * encoding of an Internationalized Domain Name. If this returns
624 * %TRUE, you should decode the hostname with g_hostname_to_unicode()
625 * before displaying it to the user.
627 * Note that a hostname might contain a mix of encoded and unencoded
628 * segments, and so it is possible for g_hostname_is_non_ascii() and
629 * g_hostname_is_ascii_encoded() to both return %TRUE for a name.
631 * Return value: %TRUE if @hostname contains any ASCII-encoded
637 g_hostname_is_ascii_encoded (const gchar *hostname)
641 if (!g_ascii_strncasecmp (hostname, IDNA_ACE_PREFIX, IDNA_ACE_PREFIX_LEN))
643 hostname = strchr (hostname, '.');
650 * g_hostname_is_ip_address:
651 * @hostname: a hostname (or IP address in string form)
653 * Tests if @hostname is the string form of an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
654 * (Eg, "192.168.0.1".)
656 * Return value: %TRUE if @hostname is an IP address
661 g_hostname_is_ip_address (const gchar *hostname)
664 gint nsegments, octet;
666 /* On Linux we could implement this using inet_pton, but the Windows
667 * equivalent of that requires linking against winsock, so we just
668 * figure this out ourselves. Tested by tests/hostutils.c.
671 p = (char *)hostname;
677 /* If it contains a ':', it's an IPv6 address (assuming it's an
678 * IP address at all). This consists of eight ':'-separated
679 * segments, each containing a 1-4 digit hex number, except that
680 * optionally: (a) the last two segments can be replaced by an
681 * IPv4 address, and (b) a single span of 1 to 8 "0000" segments
682 * can be replaced with just "::".
687 while (*p && nsegments < 8)
689 /* Each segment after the first must be preceded by a ':'.
690 * (We also handle half of the "string starts with ::" case
693 if (p != (char *)hostname || (p[0] == ':' && p[1] == ':'))
700 /* If there's another ':', it means we're skipping some segments */
701 if (*p == ':' && !skipped)
706 /* Handle the "string ends with ::" case */
713 /* Read the segment, make sure it's valid. */
714 for (end = p; g_ascii_isxdigit (*end); end++)
716 if (end == p || end > p + 4)
721 if ((nsegments == 6 && !skipped) || (nsegments <= 6 && skipped))
731 return !*p && (nsegments == 8 || skipped);
736 /* Parse IPv4: N.N.N.N, where each N <= 255 and doesn't have leading 0s. */
737 for (nsegments = 0; nsegments < 4; nsegments++)
746 /* Check the segment; a little tricker than the IPv6 case since
747 * we can't allow extra leading 0s, and we can't assume that all
748 * strings of valid length are within range.
755 for (end = p; g_ascii_isdigit (*end); end++)
756 octet = 10 * octet + (*end - '0');
758 if (end == p || end > p + 3 || octet > 255)
764 /* If there's nothing left to parse, then it's ok. */
768 #define __G_HOST_UTILS_C__
769 #include "galiasdef.c"