gio/gunixinputstream.c

   1 /* GIO - GLib Input, Output and Streaming Library
   2  *
   3  * Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Red Hat, Inc.
   4  *
   5  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   7  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   8  * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  13  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
  16  * Public License along with this library; if not, write to the
  17  * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
  18  * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  19  *
  20  * Author: Alexander Larsson <alexl@redhat.com>
  21  */
  22
  23 #include "config.h"
  24
  25 #include <sys/types.h>
  26 #include <sys/stat.h>
  27 #include <unistd.h>
  28 #include <errno.h>
  29 #include <stdio.h>
  30 #include <fcntl.h>
  31
  32 #include <glib.h>
  33 #include <glib/gstdio.h>
  34 #include "gioerror.h"
  35 #include "gsimpleasyncresult.h"
  36 #include "gunixinputstream.h"
  37 #include "gcancellable.h"
  38 #include "gasynchelper.h"
  39 #include "gfiledescriptorbased.h"
  40 #include "glibintl.h"
  41
  42
  43 /**
  44  * SECTION:gunixinputstream
  45  * @short_description: Streaming input operations for UNIX file descriptors
  46  * @include: gio/gunixinputstream.h
  47  * @see_also: #GInputStream
  48  *
  49  * #GUnixInputStream implements #GInputStream for reading from a
  50  * UNIX file descriptor, including asynchronous operations. The file
  51  * descriptor must be selectable, so it doesn't work with opened files.
  52  *
  53  * Note that <filename>&lt;gio/gunixinputstream.h&gt;</filename> belongs
  54  * to the UNIX-specific GIO interfaces, thus you have to use the
  55  * <filename>gio-unix-2.0.pc</filename> pkg-config file when using it.
  56  */
  57
  58 enum {
  59   PROP_0,
  60   PROP_FD,
  61   PROP_CLOSE_FD
  62 };
  63
  64 static void g_unix_input_stream_pollable_iface_init (GPollableInputStreamInterface *iface);
  65 static void g_unix_input_stream_file_descriptor_based_iface_init (GFileDescriptorBasedIface *iface);
  66
  67 G_DEFINE_TYPE_WITH_CODE (GUnixInputStream, g_unix_input_stream, G_TYPE_INPUT_STREAM,
  68                          G_IMPLEMENT_INTERFACE (G_TYPE_POLLABLE_INPUT_STREAM,
  69                                                 g_unix_input_stream_pollable_iface_init)
  70                          G_IMPLEMENT_INTERFACE (G_TYPE_FILE_DESCRIPTOR_BASED,
  71                                                 g_unix_input_stream_file_descriptor_based_iface_init)
  72                          )
  73
  74 struct _GUnixInputStreamPrivate {
  75   int fd;
  76   gboolean close_fd;
  77 };
  78
  79 static void     g_unix_input_stream_set_property (GObject              *object,
  80                                                   guint                 prop_id,
  81                                                   const GValue         *value,
  82                                                   GParamSpec           *pspec);
  83 static void     g_unix_input_stream_get_property (GObject              *object,
  84                                                   guint                 prop_id,
  85                                                   GValue               *value,
  86                                                   GParamSpec           *pspec);
  87 static gssize   g_unix_input_stream_read         (GInputStream         *stream,
  88                                                   void                 *buffer,
  89                                                   gsize                 count,
  90                                                   GCancellable         *cancellable,
  91                                                   GError              **error);
  92 static gboolean g_unix_input_stream_close        (GInputStream         *stream,
  93                                                   GCancellable         *cancellable,
  94                                                   GError              **error);
  95 static void     g_unix_input_stream_read_async   (GInputStream         *stream,
  96                                                   void                 *buffer,
  97                                                   gsize                 count,
  98                                                   int                   io_priority,
  99                                                   GCancellable         *cancellable,
 100                                                   GAsyncReadyCallback   callback,
 101                                                   gpointer              data);
 102 static gssize   g_unix_input_stream_read_finish  (GInputStream         *stream,
 103                                                   GAsyncResult         *result,
 104                                                   GError              **error);
 105 static void     g_unix_input_stream_skip_async   (GInputStream         *stream,
 106                                                   gsize                 count,
 107                                                   int                   io_priority,
 108                                                   GCancellable         *cancellable,
 109                                                   GAsyncReadyCallback   callback,
 110                                                   gpointer              data);
 111 static gssize   g_unix_input_stream_skip_finish  (GInputStream         *stream,
 112                                                   GAsyncResult         *result,
 113                                                   GError              **error);
 114 static void     g_unix_input_stream_close_async  (GInputStream         *stream,
 115                                                   int                   io_priority,
 116                                                   GCancellable         *cancellable,
 117                                                   GAsyncReadyCallback   callback,
 118                                                   gpointer              data);
 119 static gboolean g_unix_input_stream_close_finish (GInputStream         *stream,
 120                                                   GAsyncResult         *result,
 121                                                   GError              **error);
 122
 123 static gboolean g_unix_input_stream_pollable_is_readable   (GPollableInputStream *stream);
 124 static GSource *g_unix_input_stream_pollable_create_source (GPollableInputStream *stream,
 125                                                             GCancellable         *cancellable);
 126
 127 static void
 128 g_unix_input_stream_finalize (GObject *object)
 129 {
 130   G_OBJECT_CLASS (g_unix_input_stream_parent_class)->finalize (object);
 131 }
 132
 133 static void
 134 g_unix_input_stream_class_init (GUnixInputStreamClass *klass)
 135 {
 136   GObjectClass *gobject_class = G_OBJECT_CLASS (klass);
 137   GInputStreamClass *stream_class = G_INPUT_STREAM_CLASS (klass);
 138
 139   g_type_class_add_private (klass, sizeof (GUnixInputStreamPrivate));
 140
 141   gobject_class->get_property = g_unix_input_stream_get_property;
 142   gobject_class->set_property = g_unix_input_stream_set_property;
 143   gobject_class->finalize = g_unix_input_stream_finalize;
 144
 145   stream_class->read_fn = g_unix_input_stream_read;
 146   stream_class->close_fn = g_unix_input_stream_close;
 147   stream_class->read_async = g_unix_input_stream_read_async;
 148   stream_class->read_finish = g_unix_input_stream_read_finish;
 149   if (0)
 150     {
 151       /* TODO: Implement instead of using fallbacks */
 152       stream_class->skip_async = g_unix_input_stream_skip_async;
 153       stream_class->skip_finish = g_unix_input_stream_skip_finish;
 154     }
 155   stream_class->close_async = g_unix_input_stream_close_async;
 156   stream_class->close_finish = g_unix_input_stream_close_finish;
 157
 158   /**
 159    * GUnixInputStream:fd:
 160    *
 161    * The file descriptor that the stream reads from.
 162    *
 163    * Since: 2.20
 164    */
 165   g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class,
 166                                    PROP_FD,
 167                                    g_param_spec_int ("fd",
 168                                                      P_("File descriptor"),
 169                                                      P_("The file descriptor to read from"),
 170                                                      G_MININT, G_MAXINT, -1,
 171                                                      G_PARAM_READABLE | G_PARAM_WRITABLE | G_PARAM_CONSTRUCT_ONLY | G_PARAM_STATIC_NAME | G_PARAM_STATIC_NICK | G_PARAM_STATIC_BLURB));
 172
 173   /**
 174    * GUnixInputStream:close-fd:
 175    *
 176    * Whether to close the file descriptor when the stream is closed.
 177    *
 178    * Since: 2.20
 179    */
 180   g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class,
 181                                    PROP_CLOSE_FD,
 182                                    g_param_spec_boolean ("close-fd",
 183                                                          P_("Close file descriptor"),
 184                                                          P_("Whether to close the file descriptor when the stream is closed"),
 185                                                          TRUE,
 186                                                          G_PARAM_READABLE | G_PARAM_WRITABLE | G_PARAM_STATIC_NAME | G_PARAM_STATIC_NICK | G_PARAM_STATIC_BLURB));
 187 }
 188
 189 static void
 190 g_unix_input_stream_pollable_iface_init (GPollableInputStreamInterface *iface)
 191 {
 192   iface->is_readable = g_unix_input_stream_pollable_is_readable;
 193   iface->create_source = g_unix_input_stream_pollable_create_source;
 194 }
 195
 196 static void
 197 g_unix_input_stream_file_descriptor_based_iface_init (GFileDescriptorBasedIface *iface)
 198 {
 199   iface->get_fd = (int (*) (GFileDescriptorBased *))g_unix_input_stream_get_fd;
 200 }
 201
 202 static void
 203 g_unix_input_stream_set_property (GObject         *object,
 204                                   guint            prop_id,
 205                                   const GValue    *value,
 206                                   GParamSpec      *pspec)
 207 {
 208   GUnixInputStream *unix_stream;
 209
 210   unix_stream = G_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM (object);
 211
 212   switch (prop_id)
 213     {
 214     case PROP_FD:
 215       unix_stream->priv->fd = g_value_get_int (value);
 216       break;
 217     case PROP_CLOSE_FD:
 218       unix_stream->priv->close_fd = g_value_get_boolean (value);
 219       break;
 220     default:
 221       G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object, prop_id, pspec);
 222       break;
 223     }
 224 }
 225
 226 static void
 227 g_unix_input_stream_get_property (GObject    *object,
 228                                   guint       prop_id,
 229                                   GValue     *value,
 230                                   GParamSpec *pspec)
 231 {
 232   GUnixInputStream *unix_stream;
 233
 234   unix_stream = G_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM (object);
 235
 236   switch (prop_id)
 237     {
 238     case PROP_FD:
 239       g_value_set_int (value, unix_stream->priv->fd);
 240       break;
 241     case PROP_CLOSE_FD:
 242       g_value_set_boolean (value, unix_stream->priv->close_fd);
 243       break;
 244     default:
 245       G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object, prop_id, pspec);
 246     }
 247 }
 248
 249 static void
 250 g_unix_input_stream_init (GUnixInputStream *unix_stream)
 251 {
 252   unix_stream->priv = G_TYPE_INSTANCE_GET_PRIVATE (unix_stream,
 253                                                    G_TYPE_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM,
 254                                                    GUnixInputStreamPrivate);
 255
 256   unix_stream->priv->fd = -1;
 257   unix_stream->priv->close_fd = TRUE;
 258 }
 259
 260 /**
 261  * g_unix_input_stream_new:
 262  * @fd: a UNIX file descriptor
 263  * @close_fd: %TRUE to close the file descriptor when done
 264  *
 265  * Creates a new #GUnixInputStream for the given @fd.
 266  *
 267  * If @close_fd is %TRUE, the file descriptor will be closed
 268  * when the stream is closed.
 269  *
 270  * Returns: a new #GUnixInputStream
 271  **/
 272 GInputStream *
 273 g_unix_input_stream_new (gint     fd,
 274                          gboolean close_fd)
 275 {
 276   GUnixInputStream *stream;
 277
 278   g_return_val_if_fail (fd != -1, NULL);
 279
 280   stream = g_object_new (G_TYPE_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM,
 281                          "fd", fd,
 282                          "close-fd", close_fd,
 283                          NULL);
 284
 285   return G_INPUT_STREAM (stream);
 286 }
 287
 288 /**
 289  * g_unix_input_stream_set_close_fd:
 290  * @stream: a #GUnixInputStream
 291  * @close_fd: %TRUE to close the file descriptor when done
 292  *
 293  * Sets whether the file descriptor of @stream shall be closed
 294  * when the stream is closed.
 295  *
 296  * Since: 2.20
 297  */
 298 void
 299 g_unix_input_stream_set_close_fd (GUnixInputStream *stream,
 300                                   gboolean          close_fd)
 301 {
 302   g_return_if_fail (G_IS_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM (stream));
 303
 304   close_fd = close_fd != FALSE;
 305   if (stream->priv->close_fd != close_fd)
 306     {
 307       stream->priv->close_fd = close_fd;
 308       g_object_notify (G_OBJECT (stream), "close-fd");
 309     }
 310 }
 311
 312 /**
 313  * g_unix_input_stream_get_close_fd:
 314  * @stream: a #GUnixInputStream
 315  *
 316  * Returns whether the file descriptor of @stream will be
 317  * closed when the stream is closed.
 318  *
 319  * Return value: %TRUE if the file descriptor is closed when done
 320  *
 321  * Since: 2.20
 322  */
 323 gboolean
 324 g_unix_input_stream_get_close_fd (GUnixInputStream *stream)
 325 {
 326   g_return_val_if_fail (G_IS_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM (stream), FALSE);
 327
 328   return stream->priv->close_fd;
 329 }
 330
 331 /**
 332  * g_unix_input_stream_get_fd:
 333  * @stream: a #GUnixInputStream
 334  *
 335  * Return the UNIX file descriptor that the stream reads from.
 336  *
 337  * Return value: The file descriptor of @stream
 338  *
 339  * Since: 2.20
 340  */
 341 gint
 342 g_unix_input_stream_get_fd (GUnixInputStream *stream)
 343 {
 344   g_return_val_if_fail (G_IS_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM (stream), -1);
 345
 346   return stream->priv->fd;
 347 }
 348
 349 static gssize
 350 g_unix_input_stream_read (GInputStream  *stream,
 351                           void          *buffer,
 352                           gsize          count,
 353                           GCancellable  *cancellable,
 354                           GError       **error)
 355 {
 356   GUnixInputStream *unix_stream;
 357   gssize res;
 358   GPollFD poll_fds[2];
 359   int poll_ret;
 360
 361   unix_stream = G_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM (stream);
 362
 363   if (g_cancellable_make_pollfd (cancellable, &poll_fds[1]))
 364     {
 365       poll_fds[0].fd = unix_stream->priv->fd;
 366       poll_fds[0].events = G_IO_IN;
 367       do
 368         poll_ret = g_poll (poll_fds, 2, -1);
 369       while (poll_ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
 370       g_cancellable_release_fd (cancellable);
 371
 372       if (poll_ret == -1)
 373         {
 374           int errsv = errno;
 375
 376           g_set_error (error, G_IO_ERROR,
 377                        g_io_error_from_errno (errsv),
 378                        _("Error reading from unix: %s"),
 379                        g_strerror (errsv));
 380           return -1;
 381         }
 382     }
 383
 384   while (1)
 385     {
 386       if (g_cancellable_set_error_if_cancelled (cancellable, error))
 387         return -1;
 388       res = read (unix_stream->priv->fd, buffer, count);
 389       if (res == -1)
 390         {
 391           int errsv = errno;
 392
 393           if (errsv == EINTR)
 394             continue;
 395
 396           g_set_error (error, G_IO_ERROR,
 397                        g_io_error_from_errno (errsv),
 398                        _("Error reading from unix: %s"),
 399                        g_strerror (errsv));
 400         }
 401
 402       break;
 403     }
 404
 405   return res;
 406 }
 407
 408 static gboolean
 409 g_unix_input_stream_close (GInputStream  *stream,
 410                            GCancellable  *cancellable,
 411                            GError       **error)
 412 {
 413   GUnixInputStream *unix_stream;
 414   int res;
 415
 416   unix_stream = G_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM (stream);
 417
 418   if (!unix_stream->priv->close_fd)
 419     return TRUE;
 420
 421   while (1)
 422     {
 423       /* This might block during the close. Doesn't seem to be a way to avoid it though. */
 424       res = close (unix_stream->priv->fd);
 425       if (res == -1)
 426         {
 427           int errsv = errno;
 428
 429           g_set_error (error, G_IO_ERROR,
 430                        g_io_error_from_errno (errsv),
 431                        _("Error closing unix: %s"),
 432                        g_strerror (errsv));
 433         }
 434       break;
 435     }
 436
 437   return res != -1;
 438 }
 439
 440 typedef struct {
 441   gsize count;
 442   void *buffer;
 443   GAsyncReadyCallback callback;
 444   gpointer user_data;
 445   GCancellable *cancellable;
 446   GUnixInputStream *stream;
 447 } ReadAsyncData;
 448
 449 static gboolean
 450 read_async_cb (int            fd,
 451                GIOCondition   condition,
 452                ReadAsyncData *data)
 453 {
 454   GSimpleAsyncResult *simple;
 455   GError *error = NULL;
 456   gssize count_read;
 457
 458   /* We know that we can read from fd once without blocking */
 459   while (1)
 460     {
 461       if (g_cancellable_set_error_if_cancelled (data->cancellable, &error))
 462         {
 463           count_read = -1;
 464           break;
 465         }
 466       count_read = read (data->stream->priv->fd, data->buffer, data->count);
 467       if (count_read == -1)
 468         {
 469           int errsv = errno;
 470
 471           if (errsv == EINTR)
 472             continue;
 473
 474           g_set_error (&error, G_IO_ERROR,
 475                        g_io_error_from_errno (errsv),
 476                        _("Error reading from unix: %s"),
 477                        g_strerror (errsv));
 478         }
 479       break;
 480     }
 481
 482   simple = g_simple_async_result_new (G_OBJECT (data->stream),
 483                                       data->callback,
 484                                       data->user_data,
 485                                       g_unix_input_stream_read_async);
 486
 487   g_simple_async_result_set_op_res_gssize (simple, count_read);
 488
 489   if (count_read == -1)
 490     g_simple_async_result_take_error (simple, error);
 491
 492   /* Complete immediately, not in idle, since we're already in a mainloop callout */
 493   g_simple_async_result_complete (simple);
 494   g_object_unref (simple);
 495
 496   return FALSE;
 497 }
 498
 499 static void
 500 g_unix_input_stream_read_async (GInputStream        *stream,
 501                                 void                *buffer,
 502                                 gsize                count,
 503                                 int                  io_priority,
 504                                 GCancellable        *cancellable,
 505                                 GAsyncReadyCallback  callback,
 506                                 gpointer             user_data)
 507 {
 508   GSource *source;
 509   GUnixInputStream *unix_stream;
 510   ReadAsyncData *data;
 511
 512   unix_stream = G_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM (stream);
 513
 514   data = g_new0 (ReadAsyncData, 1);
 515   data->count = count;
 516   data->buffer = buffer;
 517   data->callback = callback;
 518   data->user_data = user_data;
 519   data->cancellable = cancellable;
 520   data->stream = unix_stream;
 521
 522   source = _g_fd_source_new (unix_stream->priv->fd,
 523                              G_IO_IN,
 524                              cancellable);
 525   g_source_set_name (source, "GUnixInputStream");
 526
 527   g_source_set_callback (source, (GSourceFunc)read_async_cb, data, g_free);
 528   g_source_attach (source, g_main_context_get_thread_default ());
 529
 530   g_source_unref (source);
 531 }
 532
 533 static gssize
 534 g_unix_input_stream_read_finish (GInputStream  *stream,
 535                                  GAsyncResult  *result,
 536                                  GError       **error)
 537 {
 538   GSimpleAsyncResult *simple;
 539   gssize nread;
 540
 541   simple = G_SIMPLE_ASYNC_RESULT (result);
 542   g_warn_if_fail (g_simple_async_result_get_source_tag (simple) == g_unix_input_stream_read_async);
 543
 544   nread = g_simple_async_result_get_op_res_gssize (simple);
 545   return nread;
 546 }
 547
 548 static void
 549 g_unix_input_stream_skip_async (GInputStream        *stream,
 550                                 gsize                count,
 551                                 int                  io_priority,
 552                                 GCancellable        *cancellable,
 553                                 GAsyncReadyCallback  callback,
 554                                 gpointer             data)
 555 {
 556   g_warn_if_reached ();
 557   /* TODO: Not implemented */
 558 }
 559
 560 static gssize
 561 g_unix_input_stream_skip_finish  (GInputStream  *stream,
 562                                   GAsyncResult  *result,
 563                                   GError       **error)
 564 {
 565   g_warn_if_reached ();
 566   return 0;
 567   /* TODO: Not implemented */
 568 }
 569
 570
 571 typedef struct {
 572   GInputStream *stream;
 573   GAsyncReadyCallback callback;
 574   gpointer user_data;
 575 } CloseAsyncData;
 576
 577 static void
 578 close_async_data_free (gpointer _data)
 579 {
 580   CloseAsyncData *data = _data;
 581
 582   g_free (data);
 583 }
 584
 585 static gboolean
 586 close_async_cb (CloseAsyncData *data)
 587 {
 588   GUnixInputStream *unix_stream;
 589   GSimpleAsyncResult *simple;
 590   GError *error = NULL;
 591   gboolean result;
 592   int res;
 593
 594   unix_stream = G_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM (data->stream);
 595
 596   if (!unix_stream->priv->close_fd)
 597     {
 598       result = TRUE;
 599       goto out;
 600     }
 601
 602   while (1)
 603     {
 604       res = close (unix_stream->priv->fd);
 605       if (res == -1)
 606         {
 607           int errsv = errno;
 608
 609           g_set_error (&error, G_IO_ERROR,
 610                        g_io_error_from_errno (errsv),
 611                        _("Error closing unix: %s"),
 612                        g_strerror (errsv));
 613         }
 614       break;
 615     }
 616
 617   result = res != -1;
 618
 619  out:
 620   simple = g_simple_async_result_new (G_OBJECT (data->stream),
 621                                       data->callback,
 622                                       data->user_data,
 623                                       g_unix_input_stream_close_async);
 624
 625   if (!result)
 626     g_simple_async_result_take_error (simple, error);
 627
 628   /* Complete immediately, not in idle, since we're already in a mainloop callout */
 629   g_simple_async_result_complete (simple);
 630   g_object_unref (simple);
 631
 632   return FALSE;
 633 }
 634
 635 static void
 636 g_unix_input_stream_close_async (GInputStream        *stream,
 637                                  int                  io_priority,
 638                                  GCancellable        *cancellable,
 639                                  GAsyncReadyCallback  callback,
 640                                  gpointer             user_data)
 641 {
 642   GSource *idle;
 643   CloseAsyncData *data;
 644
 645   data = g_new0 (CloseAsyncData, 1);
 646
 647   data->stream = stream;
 648   data->callback = callback;
 649   data->user_data = user_data;
 650
 651   idle = g_idle_source_new ();
 652   g_source_set_callback (idle, (GSourceFunc)close_async_cb, data, close_async_data_free);
 653   g_source_attach (idle, g_main_context_get_thread_default ());
 654   g_source_unref (idle);
 655 }
 656
 657 static gboolean
 658 g_unix_input_stream_close_finish (GInputStream  *stream,
 659                                   GAsyncResult  *result,
 660                                   GError       **error)
 661 {
 662   /* Failures handled in generic close_finish code */
 663   return TRUE;
 664 }
 665
 666 static gboolean
 667 g_unix_input_stream_pollable_is_readable (GPollableInputStream *stream)
 668 {
 669   GUnixInputStream *unix_stream = G_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM (stream);
 670   GPollFD poll_fd;
 671   gint result;
 672
 673   poll_fd.fd = unix_stream->priv->fd;
 674   poll_fd.events = G_IO_IN;
 675
 676   do
 677     result = g_poll (&poll_fd, 1, 0);
 678   while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
 679
 680   return poll_fd.revents != 0;
 681 }
 682
 683 static GSource *
 684 g_unix_input_stream_pollable_create_source (GPollableInputStream *stream,
 685                                             GCancellable         *cancellable)
 686 {
 687   GUnixInputStream *unix_stream = G_UNIX_INPUT_STREAM (stream);
 688   GSource *inner_source, *pollable_source;
 689
 690   pollable_source = g_pollable_source_new (G_OBJECT (stream));
 691
 692   inner_source = _g_fd_source_new (unix_stream->priv->fd, G_IO_IN, cancellable);
 693   g_source_set_dummy_callback (inner_source);
 694   g_source_add_child_source (pollable_source, inner_source);
 695   g_source_unref (inner_source);
 696
 697   return pollable_source;
 698 }