2003-03-30 Andrew Cagney <cagney@redhat.com>

[platform/upstream/binutils.git] / gdb / valops.c

/* Perform non-arithmetic operations on values, for GDB.
   Copyright 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994,
   1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
   Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This file is part of GDB.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
   Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */

#include "defs.h"
#include "symtab.h"
#include "gdbtypes.h"
#include "value.h"
#include "frame.h"
#include "inferior.h"
#include "gdbcore.h"
#include "target.h"
#include "demangle.h"
#include "language.h"
#include "gdbcmd.h"
#include "regcache.h"
#include "cp-abi.h"
#include "block.h"

#include <errno.h>
#include "gdb_string.h"
#include "gdb_assert.h"

/* Flag indicating HP compilers were used; needed to correctly handle some
   value operations with HP aCC code/runtime. */
extern int hp_som_som_object_present;

extern int overload_debug;
/* Local functions.  */

static int typecmp (int staticp, int varargs, int nargs,
                    struct field t1[], struct value *t2[]);

static CORE_ADDR find_function_addr (struct value *, struct type **);
static struct value *value_arg_coerce (struct value *, struct type *, int);


static CORE_ADDR value_push (CORE_ADDR, struct value *);

static struct value *search_struct_field (char *, struct value *, int,
                                      struct type *, int);

static struct value *search_struct_method (char *, struct value **,
                                       struct value **,
                                       int, int *, struct type *);

static int check_field_in (struct type *, const char *);

static CORE_ADDR allocate_space_in_inferior (int);

static struct value *cast_into_complex (struct type *, struct value *);

static struct fn_field *find_method_list (struct value ** argp, char *method,
                                          int offset,
                                          struct type *type, int *num_fns,
                                          struct type **basetype,
                                          int *boffset);

void _initialize_valops (void);

/* Flag for whether we want to abandon failed expression evals by default.  */

#if 0
static int auto_abandon = 0;
#endif

int overload_resolution = 0;

/* This boolean tells what gdb should do if a signal is received while in
   a function called from gdb (call dummy).  If set, gdb unwinds the stack
   and restore the context to what as it was before the call.
   The default is to stop in the frame where the signal was received. */

int unwind_on_signal_p = 0;

/* How you should pass arguments to a function depends on whether it
   was defined in K&R style or prototype style.  If you define a
   function using the K&R syntax that takes a `float' argument, then
   callers must pass that argument as a `double'.  If you define the
   function using the prototype syntax, then you must pass the
   argument as a `float', with no promotion.

   Unfortunately, on certain older platforms, the debug info doesn't
   indicate reliably how each function was defined.  A function type's
   TYPE_FLAG_PROTOTYPED flag may be clear, even if the function was
   defined in prototype style.  When calling a function whose
   TYPE_FLAG_PROTOTYPED flag is clear, GDB consults this flag to decide
   what to do.

   For modern targets, it is proper to assume that, if the prototype
   flag is clear, that can be trusted: `float' arguments should be
   promoted to `double'.  For some older targets, if the prototype
   flag is clear, that doesn't tell us anything.  The default is to
   trust the debug information; the user can override this behavior
   with "set coerce-float-to-double 0".  */

static int coerce_float_to_double;
\f

/* Find the address of function name NAME in the inferior.  */

struct value *
find_function_in_inferior (const char *name)
{
  register struct symbol *sym;
  sym = lookup_symbol (name, 0, VAR_NAMESPACE, 0, NULL);
  if (sym != NULL)
    {
      if (SYMBOL_CLASS (sym) != LOC_BLOCK)
        {
          error ("\"%s\" exists in this program but is not a function.",
                 name);
        }
      return value_of_variable (sym, NULL);
    }
  else
    {
      struct minimal_symbol *msymbol = lookup_minimal_symbol (name, NULL, NULL);
      if (msymbol != NULL)
        {
          struct type *type;
          CORE_ADDR maddr;
          type = lookup_pointer_type (builtin_type_char);
          type = lookup_function_type (type);
          type = lookup_pointer_type (type);
          maddr = SYMBOL_VALUE_ADDRESS (msymbol);
          return value_from_pointer (type, maddr);
        }
      else
        {
          if (!target_has_execution)
            error ("evaluation of this expression requires the target program to be active");
          else
            error ("evaluation of this expression requires the program to have a function \"%s\".", name);
        }
    }
}

/* Allocate NBYTES of space in the inferior using the inferior's malloc
   and return a value that is a pointer to the allocated space. */

struct value *
value_allocate_space_in_inferior (int len)
{
  struct value *blocklen;
  struct value *val = find_function_in_inferior (NAME_OF_MALLOC);

  blocklen = value_from_longest (builtin_type_int, (LONGEST) len);
  val = call_function_by_hand (val, 1, &blocklen);
  if (value_logical_not (val))
    {
      if (!target_has_execution)
        error ("No memory available to program now: you need to start the target first");
      else
        error ("No memory available to program: call to malloc failed");
    }
  return val;
}

static CORE_ADDR
allocate_space_in_inferior (int len)
{
  return value_as_long (value_allocate_space_in_inferior (len));
}

/* Cast value ARG2 to type TYPE and return as a value.
   More general than a C cast: accepts any two types of the same length,
   and if ARG2 is an lvalue it can be cast into anything at all.  */
/* In C++, casts may change pointer or object representations.  */

struct value *
value_cast (struct type *type, struct value *arg2)
{
  register enum type_code code1;
  register enum type_code code2;
  register int scalar;
  struct type *type2;

  int convert_to_boolean = 0;

  if (VALUE_TYPE (arg2) == type)
    return arg2;

  CHECK_TYPEDEF (type);
  code1 = TYPE_CODE (type);
  COERCE_REF (arg2);
  type2 = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (arg2));

  /* A cast to an undetermined-length array_type, such as (TYPE [])OBJECT,
     is treated like a cast to (TYPE [N])OBJECT,
     where N is sizeof(OBJECT)/sizeof(TYPE). */
  if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_ARRAY)
    {
      struct type *element_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type);
      unsigned element_length = TYPE_LENGTH (check_typedef (element_type));
      if (element_length > 0
        && TYPE_ARRAY_UPPER_BOUND_TYPE (type) == BOUND_CANNOT_BE_DETERMINED)
        {
          struct type *range_type = TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (type);
          int val_length = TYPE_LENGTH (type2);
          LONGEST low_bound, high_bound, new_length;
          if (get_discrete_bounds (range_type, &low_bound, &high_bound) < 0)
            low_bound = 0, high_bound = 0;
          new_length = val_length / element_length;
          if (val_length % element_length != 0)
            warning ("array element type size does not divide object size in cast");
          /* FIXME-type-allocation: need a way to free this type when we are
             done with it.  */
          range_type = create_range_type ((struct type *) NULL,
                                          TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (range_type),
                                          low_bound,
                                          new_length + low_bound - 1);
          VALUE_TYPE (arg2) = create_array_type ((struct type *) NULL,
                                                 element_type, range_type);
          return arg2;
        }
    }

  if (current_language->c_style_arrays
      && TYPE_CODE (type2) == TYPE_CODE_ARRAY)
    arg2 = value_coerce_array (arg2);

  if (TYPE_CODE (type2) == TYPE_CODE_FUNC)
    arg2 = value_coerce_function (arg2);

  type2 = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (arg2));
  COERCE_VARYING_ARRAY (arg2, type2);
  code2 = TYPE_CODE (type2);

  if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_COMPLEX)
    return cast_into_complex (type, arg2);
  if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_BOOL)
    {
      code1 = TYPE_CODE_INT;
      convert_to_boolean = 1;
    }
  if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_CHAR)
    code1 = TYPE_CODE_INT;
  if (code2 == TYPE_CODE_BOOL || code2 == TYPE_CODE_CHAR)
    code2 = TYPE_CODE_INT;

  scalar = (code2 == TYPE_CODE_INT || code2 == TYPE_CODE_FLT
            || code2 == TYPE_CODE_ENUM || code2 == TYPE_CODE_RANGE);

  if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT
      && code2 == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT
      && TYPE_NAME (type) != 0)
    {
      /* Look in the type of the source to see if it contains the
         type of the target as a superclass.  If so, we'll need to
         offset the object in addition to changing its type.  */
      struct value *v = search_struct_field (type_name_no_tag (type),
                                         arg2, 0, type2, 1);
      if (v)
        {
          VALUE_TYPE (v) = type;
          return v;
        }
    }
  if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_FLT && scalar)
    return value_from_double (type, value_as_double (arg2));
  else if ((code1 == TYPE_CODE_INT || code1 == TYPE_CODE_ENUM
            || code1 == TYPE_CODE_RANGE)
           && (scalar || code2 == TYPE_CODE_PTR))
    {
      LONGEST longest;

      if (hp_som_som_object_present &&  /* if target compiled by HP aCC */
          (code2 == TYPE_CODE_PTR))
        {
          unsigned int *ptr;
          struct value *retvalp;

          switch (TYPE_CODE (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type2)))
            {
              /* With HP aCC, pointers to data members have a bias */
            case TYPE_CODE_MEMBER:
              retvalp = value_from_longest (type, value_as_long (arg2));
              /* force evaluation */
              ptr = (unsigned int *) VALUE_CONTENTS (retvalp);
              *ptr &= ~0x20000000;      /* zap 29th bit to remove bias */
              return retvalp;

              /* While pointers to methods don't really point to a function */
            case TYPE_CODE_METHOD:
              error ("Pointers to methods not supported with HP aCC");

            default:
              break;            /* fall out and go to normal handling */
            }
        }

      /* When we cast pointers to integers, we mustn't use
         POINTER_TO_ADDRESS to find the address the pointer
         represents, as value_as_long would.  GDB should evaluate
         expressions just as the compiler would --- and the compiler
         sees a cast as a simple reinterpretation of the pointer's
         bits.  */
      if (code2 == TYPE_CODE_PTR)
        longest = extract_unsigned_integer (VALUE_CONTENTS (arg2),
                                            TYPE_LENGTH (type2));
      else
        longest = value_as_long (arg2);
      return value_from_longest (type, convert_to_boolean ?
                                 (LONGEST) (longest ? 1 : 0) : longest);
    }
  else if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_PTR && (code2 == TYPE_CODE_INT  ||
                                      code2 == TYPE_CODE_ENUM ||
                                      code2 == TYPE_CODE_RANGE))
    {
      /* TYPE_LENGTH (type) is the length of a pointer, but we really
         want the length of an address! -- we are really dealing with
         addresses (i.e., gdb representations) not pointers (i.e.,
         target representations) here.

         This allows things like "print *(int *)0x01000234" to work
         without printing a misleading message -- which would
         otherwise occur when dealing with a target having two byte
         pointers and four byte addresses.  */

      int addr_bit = TARGET_ADDR_BIT;

      LONGEST longest = value_as_long (arg2);
      if (addr_bit < sizeof (LONGEST) * HOST_CHAR_BIT)
        {
          if (longest >= ((LONGEST) 1 << addr_bit)
              || longest <= -((LONGEST) 1 << addr_bit))
            warning ("value truncated");
        }
      return value_from_longest (type, longest);
    }
  else if (TYPE_LENGTH (type) == TYPE_LENGTH (type2))
    {
      if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_PTR && code2 == TYPE_CODE_PTR)
        {
          struct type *t1 = check_typedef (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type));
          struct type *t2 = check_typedef (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type2));
          if (TYPE_CODE (t1) == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT
              && TYPE_CODE (t2) == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT
              && !value_logical_not (arg2))
            {
              struct value *v;

              /* Look in the type of the source to see if it contains the
                 type of the target as a superclass.  If so, we'll need to
                 offset the pointer rather than just change its type.  */
              if (TYPE_NAME (t1) != NULL)
                {
                  v = search_struct_field (type_name_no_tag (t1),
                                           value_ind (arg2), 0, t2, 1);
                  if (v)
                    {
                      v = value_addr (v);
                      VALUE_TYPE (v) = type;
                      return v;
                    }
                }

              /* Look in the type of the target to see if it contains the
                 type of the source as a superclass.  If so, we'll need to
                 offset the pointer rather than just change its type.
                 FIXME: This fails silently with virtual inheritance.  */
              if (TYPE_NAME (t2) != NULL)
                {
                  v = search_struct_field (type_name_no_tag (t2),
                                       value_zero (t1, not_lval), 0, t1, 1);
                  if (v)
                    {
                      CORE_ADDR addr2 = value_as_address (arg2);
                      addr2 -= (VALUE_ADDRESS (v)
                                + VALUE_OFFSET (v)
                                + VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (v));
                      return value_from_pointer (type, addr2);
                    }
                }
            }
          /* No superclass found, just fall through to change ptr type.  */
        }
      VALUE_TYPE (arg2) = type;
      arg2 = value_change_enclosing_type (arg2, type);
      VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (arg2) = 0;       /* pai: chk_val */
      return arg2;
    }
  else if (VALUE_LVAL (arg2) == lval_memory)
    {
      return value_at_lazy (type, VALUE_ADDRESS (arg2) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg2),
                            VALUE_BFD_SECTION (arg2));
    }
  else if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_VOID)
    {
      return value_zero (builtin_type_void, not_lval);
    }
  else
    {
      error ("Invalid cast.");
      return 0;
    }
}

/* Create a value of type TYPE that is zero, and return it.  */

struct value *
value_zero (struct type *type, enum lval_type lv)
{
  struct value *val = allocate_value (type);

  memset (VALUE_CONTENTS (val), 0, TYPE_LENGTH (check_typedef (type)));
  VALUE_LVAL (val) = lv;

  return val;
}

/* Return a value with type TYPE located at ADDR.

   Call value_at only if the data needs to be fetched immediately;
   if we can be 'lazy' and defer the fetch, perhaps indefinately, call
   value_at_lazy instead.  value_at_lazy simply records the address of
   the data and sets the lazy-evaluation-required flag.  The lazy flag
   is tested in the VALUE_CONTENTS macro, which is used if and when
   the contents are actually required.

   Note: value_at does *NOT* handle embedded offsets; perform such
   adjustments before or after calling it. */

struct value *
value_at (struct type *type, CORE_ADDR addr, asection *sect)
{
  struct value *val;

  if (TYPE_CODE (check_typedef (type)) == TYPE_CODE_VOID)
    error ("Attempt to dereference a generic pointer.");

  val = allocate_value (type);

  read_memory (addr, VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL_RAW (val), TYPE_LENGTH (type));

  VALUE_LVAL (val) = lval_memory;
  VALUE_ADDRESS (val) = addr;
  VALUE_BFD_SECTION (val) = sect;

  return val;
}

/* Return a lazy value with type TYPE located at ADDR (cf. value_at).  */

struct value *
value_at_lazy (struct type *type, CORE_ADDR addr, asection *sect)
{
  struct value *val;

  if (TYPE_CODE (check_typedef (type)) == TYPE_CODE_VOID)
    error ("Attempt to dereference a generic pointer.");

  val = allocate_value (type);

  VALUE_LVAL (val) = lval_memory;
  VALUE_ADDRESS (val) = addr;
  VALUE_LAZY (val) = 1;
  VALUE_BFD_SECTION (val) = sect;

  return val;
}

/* Called only from the VALUE_CONTENTS and VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL macros,
   if the current data for a variable needs to be loaded into
   VALUE_CONTENTS(VAL).  Fetches the data from the user's process, and
   clears the lazy flag to indicate that the data in the buffer is valid.

   If the value is zero-length, we avoid calling read_memory, which would
   abort.  We mark the value as fetched anyway -- all 0 bytes of it.

   This function returns a value because it is used in the VALUE_CONTENTS
   macro as part of an expression, where a void would not work.  The
   value is ignored.  */

int
value_fetch_lazy (struct value *val)
{
  CORE_ADDR addr = VALUE_ADDRESS (val) + VALUE_OFFSET (val);
  int length = TYPE_LENGTH (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (val));

  struct type *type = VALUE_TYPE (val);
  if (length)
    read_memory (addr, VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL_RAW (val), length);

  VALUE_LAZY (val) = 0;
  return 0;
}


/* Store the contents of FROMVAL into the location of TOVAL.
   Return a new value with the location of TOVAL and contents of FROMVAL.  */

struct value *
value_assign (struct value *toval, struct value *fromval)
{
  register struct type *type;
  struct value *val;
  char *raw_buffer = (char*) alloca (MAX_REGISTER_RAW_SIZE);
  int use_buffer = 0;
  struct frame_id old_frame;

  if (!toval->modifiable)
    error ("Left operand of assignment is not a modifiable lvalue.");

  COERCE_REF (toval);

  type = VALUE_TYPE (toval);
  if (VALUE_LVAL (toval) != lval_internalvar)
    fromval = value_cast (type, fromval);
  else
    COERCE_ARRAY (fromval);
  CHECK_TYPEDEF (type);

  /* If TOVAL is a special machine register requiring conversion
     of program values to a special raw format,
     convert FROMVAL's contents now, with result in `raw_buffer',
     and set USE_BUFFER to the number of bytes to write.  */

  if (VALUE_REGNO (toval) >= 0)
    {
      int regno = VALUE_REGNO (toval);
      if (CONVERT_REGISTER_P (regno))
        {
          struct type *fromtype = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (fromval));
          VALUE_TO_REGISTER (fromtype, regno, VALUE_CONTENTS (fromval), raw_buffer);
          use_buffer = REGISTER_RAW_SIZE (regno);
        }
    }

  /* Since modifying a register can trash the frame chain, and modifying memory
     can trash the frame cache, we save the old frame and then restore the new
     frame afterwards.  */
  old_frame = get_frame_id (deprecated_selected_frame);

  switch (VALUE_LVAL (toval))
    {
    case lval_internalvar:
      set_internalvar (VALUE_INTERNALVAR (toval), fromval);
      val = value_copy (VALUE_INTERNALVAR (toval)->value);
      val = value_change_enclosing_type (val, VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (fromval));
      VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (val) = VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (fromval);
      VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (val) = VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (fromval);
      return val;

    case lval_internalvar_component:
      set_internalvar_component (VALUE_INTERNALVAR (toval),
                                 VALUE_OFFSET (toval),
                                 VALUE_BITPOS (toval),
                                 VALUE_BITSIZE (toval),
                                 fromval);
      break;

    case lval_memory:
      {
        char *dest_buffer;
        CORE_ADDR changed_addr;
        int changed_len;

        if (VALUE_BITSIZE (toval))
          {
            char buffer[sizeof (LONGEST)];
            /* We assume that the argument to read_memory is in units of
               host chars.  FIXME:  Is that correct?  */
            changed_len = (VALUE_BITPOS (toval)
                           + VALUE_BITSIZE (toval)
                           + HOST_CHAR_BIT - 1)
              / HOST_CHAR_BIT;

            if (changed_len > (int) sizeof (LONGEST))
              error ("Can't handle bitfields which don't fit in a %d bit word.",
                     (int) sizeof (LONGEST) * HOST_CHAR_BIT);

            read_memory (VALUE_ADDRESS (toval) + VALUE_OFFSET (toval),
                         buffer, changed_len);
            modify_field (buffer, value_as_long (fromval),
                          VALUE_BITPOS (toval), VALUE_BITSIZE (toval));
            changed_addr = VALUE_ADDRESS (toval) + VALUE_OFFSET (toval);
            dest_buffer = buffer;
          }
        else if (use_buffer)
          {
            changed_addr = VALUE_ADDRESS (toval) + VALUE_OFFSET (toval);
            changed_len = use_buffer;
            dest_buffer = raw_buffer;
          }
        else
          {
            changed_addr = VALUE_ADDRESS (toval) + VALUE_OFFSET (toval);
            changed_len = TYPE_LENGTH (type);
            dest_buffer = VALUE_CONTENTS (fromval);
          }

        write_memory (changed_addr, dest_buffer, changed_len);
        if (memory_changed_hook)
          memory_changed_hook (changed_addr, changed_len);
        target_changed_event ();
      }
      break;

    case lval_reg_frame_relative:
    case lval_register:
      {
        /* value is stored in a series of registers in the frame
           specified by the structure.  Copy that value out, modify
           it, and copy it back in.  */
        int amount_copied;
        int amount_to_copy;
        char *buffer;
        int value_reg;
        int reg_offset;
        int byte_offset;
        int regno;
        struct frame_info *frame;

        /* Figure out which frame this is in currently.  */
        if (VALUE_LVAL (toval) == lval_register)
          {
            frame = get_current_frame ();
            value_reg = VALUE_REGNO (toval);
          }
        else
          {
            for (frame = get_current_frame ();
                 frame && get_frame_base (frame) != VALUE_FRAME (toval);
                 frame = get_prev_frame (frame))
              ;
            value_reg = VALUE_FRAME_REGNUM (toval);
          }

        if (!frame)
          error ("Value being assigned to is no longer active.");

        /* Locate the first register that falls in the value that
           needs to be transfered.  Compute the offset of the value in
           that register.  */
        {
          int offset;
          for (reg_offset = value_reg, offset = 0;
               offset + REGISTER_RAW_SIZE (reg_offset) <= VALUE_OFFSET (toval);
               reg_offset++);
          byte_offset = VALUE_OFFSET (toval) - offset;
        }

        /* Compute the number of register aligned values that need to
           be copied.  */
        if (VALUE_BITSIZE (toval))
          amount_to_copy = byte_offset + 1;
        else
          amount_to_copy = byte_offset + TYPE_LENGTH (type);

        /* And a bounce buffer.  Be slightly over generous.  */
        buffer = (char *) alloca (amount_to_copy
                                  + MAX_REGISTER_RAW_SIZE);

        /* Copy it in.  */
        for (regno = reg_offset, amount_copied = 0;
             amount_copied < amount_to_copy;
             amount_copied += REGISTER_RAW_SIZE (regno), regno++)
          {
            frame_register_read (frame, regno, buffer + amount_copied);
          }
        
        /* Modify what needs to be modified.  */
        if (VALUE_BITSIZE (toval))
          {
            modify_field (buffer + byte_offset,
                          value_as_long (fromval),
                          VALUE_BITPOS (toval), VALUE_BITSIZE (toval));
          }
        else if (use_buffer)
          {
            memcpy (buffer + VALUE_OFFSET (toval), raw_buffer, use_buffer);
          }
        else
          {
            memcpy (buffer + byte_offset, VALUE_CONTENTS (fromval),
                    TYPE_LENGTH (type));
            /* Do any conversion necessary when storing this type to
               more than one register.  */
#ifdef REGISTER_CONVERT_FROM_TYPE
            REGISTER_CONVERT_FROM_TYPE (value_reg, type,
                                        (buffer + byte_offset));
#endif
          }

        /* Copy it out.  */
        for (regno = reg_offset, amount_copied = 0;
             amount_copied < amount_to_copy;
             amount_copied += REGISTER_RAW_SIZE (regno), regno++)
          {
            enum lval_type lval;
            CORE_ADDR addr;
            int optim;
            int realnum;
            
            /* Just find out where to put it.  */
            frame_register (frame, regno, &optim, &lval, &addr, &realnum,
                            NULL);
            
            if (optim)
              error ("Attempt to assign to a value that was optimized out.");
            if (lval == lval_memory)
              write_memory (addr, buffer + amount_copied,
                            REGISTER_RAW_SIZE (regno));
            else if (lval == lval_register)
              regcache_cooked_write (current_regcache, realnum,
                                     (buffer + amount_copied));
            else
              error ("Attempt to assign to an unmodifiable value.");
          }

        if (register_changed_hook)
          register_changed_hook (-1);
        target_changed_event ();

      }
      break;
      
      
    default:
      error ("Left operand of assignment is not an lvalue.");
    }

  /* Assigning to the stack pointer, frame pointer, and other
     (architecture and calling convention specific) registers may
     cause the frame cache to be out of date.  Assigning to memory
     also can.  We just do this on all assignments to registers or
     memory, for simplicity's sake; I doubt the slowdown matters.  */
  switch (VALUE_LVAL (toval))
    {
    case lval_memory:
    case lval_register:
    case lval_reg_frame_relative:

      reinit_frame_cache ();

      /* Having destoroyed the frame cache, restore the selected frame.  */

      /* FIXME: cagney/2002-11-02: There has to be a better way of
         doing this.  Instead of constantly saving/restoring the
         frame.  Why not create a get_selected_frame() function that,
         having saved the selected frame's ID can automatically
         re-find the previously selected frame automatically.  */

      {
        struct frame_info *fi = frame_find_by_id (old_frame);
        if (fi != NULL)
          select_frame (fi);
      }

      break;
    default:
      break;
    }
  
  /* If the field does not entirely fill a LONGEST, then zero the sign bits.
     If the field is signed, and is negative, then sign extend. */
  if ((VALUE_BITSIZE (toval) > 0)
      && (VALUE_BITSIZE (toval) < 8 * (int) sizeof (LONGEST)))
    {
      LONGEST fieldval = value_as_long (fromval);
      LONGEST valmask = (((ULONGEST) 1) << VALUE_BITSIZE (toval)) - 1;

      fieldval &= valmask;
      if (!TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) && (fieldval & (valmask ^ (valmask >> 1))))
        fieldval |= ~valmask;

      fromval = value_from_longest (type, fieldval);
    }

  val = value_copy (toval);
  memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (val), VALUE_CONTENTS (fromval),
          TYPE_LENGTH (type));
  VALUE_TYPE (val) = type;
  val = value_change_enclosing_type (val, VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (fromval));
  VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (val) = VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (fromval);
  VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (val) = VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (fromval);

  return val;
}

/* Extend a value VAL to COUNT repetitions of its type.  */

struct value *
value_repeat (struct value *arg1, int count)
{
  struct value *val;

  if (VALUE_LVAL (arg1) != lval_memory)
    error ("Only values in memory can be extended with '@'.");
  if (count < 1)
    error ("Invalid number %d of repetitions.", count);

  val = allocate_repeat_value (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (arg1), count);

  read_memory (VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1),
               VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL_RAW (val),
               TYPE_LENGTH (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (val)));
  VALUE_LVAL (val) = lval_memory;
  VALUE_ADDRESS (val) = VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1);

  return val;
}

struct value *
value_of_variable (struct symbol *var, struct block *b)
{
  struct value *val;
  struct frame_info *frame = NULL;

  if (!b)
    frame = NULL;               /* Use selected frame.  */
  else if (symbol_read_needs_frame (var))
    {
      frame = block_innermost_frame (b);
      if (!frame)
        {
          if (BLOCK_FUNCTION (b)
              && SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (BLOCK_FUNCTION (b)))
            error ("No frame is currently executing in block %s.",
                   SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (BLOCK_FUNCTION (b)));
          else
            error ("No frame is currently executing in specified block");
        }
    }

  val = read_var_value (var, frame);
  if (!val)
    error ("Address of symbol \"%s\" is unknown.", SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (var));

  return val;
}

/* Given a value which is an array, return a value which is a pointer to its
   first element, regardless of whether or not the array has a nonzero lower
   bound.

   FIXME:  A previous comment here indicated that this routine should be
   substracting the array's lower bound.  It's not clear to me that this
   is correct.  Given an array subscripting operation, it would certainly
   work to do the adjustment here, essentially computing:

   (&array[0] - (lowerbound * sizeof array[0])) + (index * sizeof array[0])

   However I believe a more appropriate and logical place to account for
   the lower bound is to do so in value_subscript, essentially computing:

   (&array[0] + ((index - lowerbound) * sizeof array[0]))

   As further evidence consider what would happen with operations other
   than array subscripting, where the caller would get back a value that
   had an address somewhere before the actual first element of the array,
   and the information about the lower bound would be lost because of
   the coercion to pointer type.
 */

struct value *
value_coerce_array (struct value *arg1)
{
  register struct type *type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (arg1));

  if (VALUE_LVAL (arg1) != lval_memory)
    error ("Attempt to take address of value not located in memory.");

  return value_from_pointer (lookup_pointer_type (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type)),
                             (VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1)));
}

/* Given a value which is a function, return a value which is a pointer
   to it.  */

struct value *
value_coerce_function (struct value *arg1)
{
  struct value *retval;

  if (VALUE_LVAL (arg1) != lval_memory)
    error ("Attempt to take address of value not located in memory.");

  retval = value_from_pointer (lookup_pointer_type (VALUE_TYPE (arg1)),
                               (VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1)));
  VALUE_BFD_SECTION (retval) = VALUE_BFD_SECTION (arg1);
  return retval;
}

/* Return a pointer value for the object for which ARG1 is the contents.  */

struct value *
value_addr (struct value *arg1)
{
  struct value *arg2;

  struct type *type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (arg1));
  if (TYPE_CODE (type) == TYPE_CODE_REF)
    {
      /* Copy the value, but change the type from (T&) to (T*).
         We keep the same location information, which is efficient,
         and allows &(&X) to get the location containing the reference. */
      arg2 = value_copy (arg1);
      VALUE_TYPE (arg2) = lookup_pointer_type (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type));
      return arg2;
    }
  if (TYPE_CODE (type) == TYPE_CODE_FUNC)
    return value_coerce_function (arg1);

  if (VALUE_LVAL (arg1) != lval_memory)
    error ("Attempt to take address of value not located in memory.");

  /* Get target memory address */
  arg2 = value_from_pointer (lookup_pointer_type (VALUE_TYPE (arg1)),
                             (VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1)
                              + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1)
                              + VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (arg1)));

  /* This may be a pointer to a base subobject; so remember the
     full derived object's type ... */
  arg2 = value_change_enclosing_type (arg2, lookup_pointer_type (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (arg1)));
  /* ... and also the relative position of the subobject in the full object */
  VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (arg2) = VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (arg1);
  VALUE_BFD_SECTION (arg2) = VALUE_BFD_SECTION (arg1);
  return arg2;
}

/* Given a value of a pointer type, apply the C unary * operator to it.  */

struct value *
value_ind (struct value *arg1)
{
  struct type *base_type;
  struct value *arg2;

  COERCE_ARRAY (arg1);

  base_type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (arg1));

  if (TYPE_CODE (base_type) == TYPE_CODE_MEMBER)
    error ("not implemented: member types in value_ind");

  /* Allow * on an integer so we can cast it to whatever we want.
     This returns an int, which seems like the most C-like thing
     to do.  "long long" variables are rare enough that
     BUILTIN_TYPE_LONGEST would seem to be a mistake.  */
  if (TYPE_CODE (base_type) == TYPE_CODE_INT)
    return value_at_lazy (builtin_type_int,
                          (CORE_ADDR) value_as_long (arg1),
                          VALUE_BFD_SECTION (arg1));
  else if (TYPE_CODE (base_type) == TYPE_CODE_PTR)
    {
      struct type *enc_type;
      /* We may be pointing to something embedded in a larger object */
      /* Get the real type of the enclosing object */
      enc_type = check_typedef (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (arg1));
      enc_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (enc_type);
      /* Retrieve the enclosing object pointed to */
      arg2 = value_at_lazy (enc_type,
                   value_as_address (arg1) - VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (arg1),
                            VALUE_BFD_SECTION (arg1));
      /* Re-adjust type */
      VALUE_TYPE (arg2) = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (base_type);
      /* Add embedding info */
      arg2 = value_change_enclosing_type (arg2, enc_type);
      VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (arg2) = VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (arg1);

      /* We may be pointing to an object of some derived type */
      arg2 = value_full_object (arg2, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
      return arg2;
    }

  error ("Attempt to take contents of a non-pointer value.");
  return 0;                     /* For lint -- never reached */
}
\f
/* Pushing small parts of stack frames.  */

/* Push one word (the size of object that a register holds).  */

CORE_ADDR
push_word (CORE_ADDR sp, ULONGEST word)
{
  register int len = REGISTER_SIZE;
  char *buffer = alloca (MAX_REGISTER_RAW_SIZE);

  store_unsigned_integer (buffer, len, word);
  if (INNER_THAN (1, 2))
    {
      /* stack grows downward */
      sp -= len;
      write_memory (sp, buffer, len);
    }
  else
    {
      /* stack grows upward */
      write_memory (sp, buffer, len);
      sp += len;
    }

  return sp;
}

/* Push LEN bytes with data at BUFFER.  */

CORE_ADDR
push_bytes (CORE_ADDR sp, char *buffer, int len)
{
  if (INNER_THAN (1, 2))
    {
      /* stack grows downward */
      sp -= len;
      write_memory (sp, buffer, len);
    }
  else
    {
      /* stack grows upward */
      write_memory (sp, buffer, len);
      sp += len;
    }

  return sp;
}

#ifndef PARM_BOUNDARY
#define PARM_BOUNDARY (0)
#endif

/* Push onto the stack the specified value VALUE.  Pad it correctly for
   it to be an argument to a function.  */

static CORE_ADDR
value_push (register CORE_ADDR sp, struct value *arg)
{
  register int len = TYPE_LENGTH (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (arg));
  register int container_len = len;
  register int offset;

  /* How big is the container we're going to put this value in?  */
  if (PARM_BOUNDARY)
    container_len = ((len + PARM_BOUNDARY / TARGET_CHAR_BIT - 1)
                     & ~(PARM_BOUNDARY / TARGET_CHAR_BIT - 1));

  /* Are we going to put it at the high or low end of the container?  */
  if (TARGET_BYTE_ORDER == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG)
    offset = container_len - len;
  else
    offset = 0;

  if (INNER_THAN (1, 2))
    {
      /* stack grows downward */
      sp -= container_len;
      write_memory (sp + offset, VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL (arg), len);
    }
  else
    {
      /* stack grows upward */
      write_memory (sp + offset, VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL (arg), len);
      sp += container_len;
    }

  return sp;
}

CORE_ADDR
legacy_push_arguments (int nargs, struct value **args, CORE_ADDR sp,
                       int struct_return, CORE_ADDR struct_addr)
{
  /* ASSERT ( !struct_return); */
  int i;
  for (i = nargs - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    sp = value_push (sp, args[i]);
  return sp;
}

/* Perform the standard coercions that are specified
   for arguments to be passed to C functions.

   If PARAM_TYPE is non-NULL, it is the expected parameter type.
   IS_PROTOTYPED is non-zero if the function declaration is prototyped.  */

static struct value *
value_arg_coerce (struct value *arg, struct type *param_type,
                  int is_prototyped)
{
  register struct type *arg_type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (arg));
  register struct type *type
    = param_type ? check_typedef (param_type) : arg_type;

  switch (TYPE_CODE (type))
    {
    case TYPE_CODE_REF:
      if (TYPE_CODE (arg_type) != TYPE_CODE_REF
          && TYPE_CODE (arg_type) != TYPE_CODE_PTR)
        {
          arg = value_addr (arg);
          VALUE_TYPE (arg) = param_type;
          return arg;
        }
      break;
    case TYPE_CODE_INT:
    case TYPE_CODE_CHAR:
    case TYPE_CODE_BOOL:
    case TYPE_CODE_ENUM:
      /* If we don't have a prototype, coerce to integer type if necessary.  */
      if (!is_prototyped)
        {
          if (TYPE_LENGTH (type) < TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type_int))
            type = builtin_type_int;
        }
      /* Currently all target ABIs require at least the width of an integer
         type for an argument.  We may have to conditionalize the following
         type coercion for future targets.  */
      if (TYPE_LENGTH (type) < TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type_int))
        type = builtin_type_int;
      break;
    case TYPE_CODE_FLT:
      if (!is_prototyped && coerce_float_to_double)
        {
          if (TYPE_LENGTH (type) < TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type_double))
            type = builtin_type_double;
          else if (TYPE_LENGTH (type) > TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type_double))
            type = builtin_type_long_double;
        }
      break;
    case TYPE_CODE_FUNC:
      type = lookup_pointer_type (type);
      break;
    case TYPE_CODE_ARRAY:
      /* Arrays are coerced to pointers to their first element, unless
         they are vectors, in which case we want to leave them alone,
         because they are passed by value.  */
      if (current_language->c_style_arrays)
        if (!TYPE_VECTOR (type))
          type = lookup_pointer_type (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type));
      break;
    case TYPE_CODE_UNDEF:
    case TYPE_CODE_PTR:
    case TYPE_CODE_STRUCT:
    case TYPE_CODE_UNION:
    case TYPE_CODE_VOID:
    case TYPE_CODE_SET:
    case TYPE_CODE_RANGE:
    case TYPE_CODE_STRING:
    case TYPE_CODE_BITSTRING:
    case TYPE_CODE_ERROR:
    case TYPE_CODE_MEMBER:
    case TYPE_CODE_METHOD:
    case TYPE_CODE_COMPLEX:
    default:
      break;
    }

  return value_cast (type, arg);
}

/* Determine a function's address and its return type from its value.
   Calls error() if the function is not valid for calling.  */

static CORE_ADDR
find_function_addr (struct value *function, struct type **retval_type)
{
  register struct type *ftype = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (function));
  register enum type_code code = TYPE_CODE (ftype);
  struct type *value_type;
  CORE_ADDR funaddr;

  /* If it's a member function, just look at the function
     part of it.  */

  /* Determine address to call.  */
  if (code == TYPE_CODE_FUNC || code == TYPE_CODE_METHOD)
    {
      funaddr = VALUE_ADDRESS (function);
      value_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (ftype);
    }
  else if (code == TYPE_CODE_PTR)
    {
      funaddr = value_as_address (function);
      ftype = check_typedef (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (ftype));
      if (TYPE_CODE (ftype) == TYPE_CODE_FUNC
          || TYPE_CODE (ftype) == TYPE_CODE_METHOD)
        {
          funaddr = CONVERT_FROM_FUNC_PTR_ADDR (funaddr);
          value_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (ftype);
        }
      else
        value_type = builtin_type_int;
    }
  else if (code == TYPE_CODE_INT)
    {
      /* Handle the case of functions lacking debugging info.
         Their values are characters since their addresses are char */
      if (TYPE_LENGTH (ftype) == 1)
        funaddr = value_as_address (value_addr (function));
      else
        /* Handle integer used as address of a function.  */
        funaddr = (CORE_ADDR) value_as_long (function);

      value_type = builtin_type_int;
    }
  else
    error ("Invalid data type for function to be called.");

  *retval_type = value_type;
  return funaddr;
}

/* All this stuff with a dummy frame may seem unnecessarily complicated
   (why not just save registers in GDB?).  The purpose of pushing a dummy
   frame which looks just like a real frame is so that if you call a
   function and then hit a breakpoint (get a signal, etc), "backtrace"
   will look right.  Whether the backtrace needs to actually show the
   stack at the time the inferior function was called is debatable, but
   it certainly needs to not display garbage.  So if you are contemplating
   making dummy frames be different from normal frames, consider that.  */

/* Perform a function call in the inferior.
   ARGS is a vector of values of arguments (NARGS of them).
   FUNCTION is a value, the function to be called.
   Returns a value representing what the function returned.
   May fail to return, if a breakpoint or signal is hit
   during the execution of the function.

   ARGS is modified to contain coerced values. */

static struct value *
hand_function_call (struct value *function, int nargs, struct value **args)
{
  register CORE_ADDR sp;
  register int i;
  int rc;
  CORE_ADDR start_sp;
  /* CALL_DUMMY is an array of words (REGISTER_SIZE), but each word
     is in host byte order.  Before calling FIX_CALL_DUMMY, we byteswap it
     and remove any extra bytes which might exist because ULONGEST is
     bigger than REGISTER_SIZE.

     NOTE: This is pretty wierd, as the call dummy is actually a
     sequence of instructions.  But CISC machines will have
     to pack the instructions into REGISTER_SIZE units (and
     so will RISC machines for which INSTRUCTION_SIZE is not
     REGISTER_SIZE).

     NOTE: This is pretty stupid.  CALL_DUMMY should be in strict
     target byte order. */

  static ULONGEST *dummy;
  int sizeof_dummy1;
  char *dummy1;
  CORE_ADDR dummy_addr;
  CORE_ADDR old_sp;
  struct type *value_type;
  unsigned char struct_return;
  CORE_ADDR struct_addr = 0;
  struct regcache *retbuf;
  struct cleanup *retbuf_cleanup;
  struct inferior_status *inf_status;
  struct cleanup *inf_status_cleanup;
  CORE_ADDR funaddr;
  int using_gcc;                /* Set to version of gcc in use, or zero if not gcc */
  CORE_ADDR real_pc;
  struct type *param_type = NULL;
  struct type *ftype = check_typedef (SYMBOL_TYPE (function));
  int n_method_args = 0;

  dummy = alloca (SIZEOF_CALL_DUMMY_WORDS);
  sizeof_dummy1 = REGISTER_SIZE * SIZEOF_CALL_DUMMY_WORDS / sizeof (ULONGEST);
  dummy1 = alloca (sizeof_dummy1);
  memcpy (dummy, CALL_DUMMY_WORDS, SIZEOF_CALL_DUMMY_WORDS);

  if (!target_has_execution)
    noprocess ();

  /* Create a cleanup chain that contains the retbuf (buffer
     containing the register values).  This chain is create BEFORE the
     inf_status chain so that the inferior status can cleaned up
     (restored or discarded) without having the retbuf freed.  */
  retbuf = regcache_xmalloc (current_gdbarch);
  retbuf_cleanup = make_cleanup_regcache_xfree (retbuf);

  /* A cleanup for the inferior status.  Create this AFTER the retbuf
     so that this can be discarded or applied without interfering with
     the regbuf.  */
  inf_status = save_inferior_status (1);
  inf_status_cleanup = make_cleanup_restore_inferior_status (inf_status);

  if (DEPRECATED_PUSH_DUMMY_FRAME_P ())
    {
      /* DEPRECATED_PUSH_DUMMY_FRAME is responsible for saving the
         inferior registers (and frame_pop() for restoring them).  (At
         least on most machines) they are saved on the stack in the
         inferior.  */
      DEPRECATED_PUSH_DUMMY_FRAME;
    }
  else
    {
      /* FIXME: cagney/2003-02-26: Step zero of this little tinker is
      to extract the generic dummy frame code from the architecture
      vector.  Hence this direct call.

      A follow-on change is to modify this interface so that it takes
      thread OR frame OR tpid as a parameter, and returns a dummy
      frame handle.  The handle can then be used further down as a
      parameter SAVE_DUMMY_FRAME_TOS.  Hmm, thinking about it, since
      everything is ment to be using generic dummy frames, why not
      even use some of the dummy frame code to here - do a regcache
      dup and then pass the duped regcache, along with all the other
      stuff, at one single point.

      In fact, you can even save the structure's return address in the
      dummy frame and fix one of those nasty lost struct return edge
      conditions.  */
      generic_push_dummy_frame ();
    }

  old_sp = read_sp ();

  /* Ensure that the initial SP is correctly aligned.  */
  if (gdbarch_frame_align_p (current_gdbarch))
    {
      /* NOTE: cagney/2002-09-18:

         On a RISC architecture, a void parameterless generic dummy
         frame (i.e., no parameters, no result) typically does not
         need to push anything the stack and hence can leave SP and
         FP.  Similarly, a framelss (possibly leaf) function does not
         push anything on the stack and, hence, that too can leave FP
         and SP unchanged.  As a consequence, a sequence of void
         parameterless generic dummy frame calls to frameless
         functions will create a sequence of effectively identical
         frames (SP, FP and TOS and PC the same).  This, not
         suprisingly, results in what appears to be a stack in an
         infinite loop --- when GDB tries to find a generic dummy
         frame on the internal dummy frame stack, it will always find
         the first one.

         To avoid this problem, the code below always grows the stack.
         That way, two dummy frames can never be identical.  It does
         burn a few bytes of stack but that is a small price to pay
         :-).  */
      sp = gdbarch_frame_align (current_gdbarch, old_sp);
      if (sp == old_sp)
        {
          if (INNER_THAN (1, 2))
            /* Stack grows down.  */
            sp = gdbarch_frame_align (current_gdbarch, old_sp - 1);
          else
            /* Stack grows up.  */
            sp = gdbarch_frame_align (current_gdbarch, old_sp + 1);
        }
      gdb_assert ((INNER_THAN (1, 2) && sp <= old_sp)
                  || (INNER_THAN (2, 1) && sp >= old_sp));
    }
  else
    /* FIXME: cagney/2002-09-18: Hey, you loose!  Who knows how badly
       aligned the SP is!  Further, per comment above, if the generic
       dummy frame ends up empty (because nothing is pushed) GDB won't
       be able to correctly perform back traces.  If a target is
       having trouble with backtraces, first thing to do is add
       FRAME_ALIGN() to its architecture vector.  After that, try
       adding SAVE_DUMMY_FRAME_TOS() and modifying
       DEPRECATED_FRAME_CHAIN so that when the next outer frame is a
       generic dummy, it returns the current frame's base.  */
    sp = old_sp;

  if (INNER_THAN (1, 2))
    {
      /* Stack grows down */
      sp -= sizeof_dummy1;
      start_sp = sp;
    }
  else
    {
      /* Stack grows up */
      start_sp = sp;
      sp += sizeof_dummy1;
    }

  /* NOTE: cagney/2002-09-10: Don't bother re-adjusting the stack
     after allocating space for the call dummy.  A target can specify
     a SIZEOF_DUMMY1 (via SIZEOF_CALL_DUMMY_WORDS) such that all local
     alignment requirements are met.  */

  funaddr = find_function_addr (function, &value_type);
  CHECK_TYPEDEF (value_type);

  {
    struct block *b = block_for_pc (funaddr);
    /* If compiled without -g, assume GCC 2.  */
    using_gcc = (b == NULL ? 2 : BLOCK_GCC_COMPILED (b));
  }

  /* Are we returning a value using a structure return or a normal
     value return? */

  struct_return = using_struct_return (function, funaddr, value_type,
                                       using_gcc);

  /* Create a call sequence customized for this function
     and the number of arguments for it.  */
  for (i = 0; i < (int) (SIZEOF_CALL_DUMMY_WORDS / sizeof (dummy[0])); i++)
    store_unsigned_integer (&dummy1[i * REGISTER_SIZE],
                            REGISTER_SIZE,
                            (ULONGEST) dummy[i]);

#ifdef GDB_TARGET_IS_HPPA
  real_pc = FIX_CALL_DUMMY (dummy1, start_sp, funaddr, nargs, args,
                            value_type, using_gcc);
#else
  FIX_CALL_DUMMY (dummy1, start_sp, funaddr, nargs, args,
                  value_type, using_gcc);
  real_pc = start_sp;
#endif

  switch (CALL_DUMMY_LOCATION)
    {
    case ON_STACK:
      dummy_addr = start_sp;
      write_memory (start_sp, (char *) dummy1, sizeof_dummy1);
      if (DEPRECATED_USE_GENERIC_DUMMY_FRAMES)
        generic_save_call_dummy_addr (start_sp, start_sp + sizeof_dummy1);
      break;
    case AT_ENTRY_POINT:
      real_pc = funaddr;
      dummy_addr = CALL_DUMMY_ADDRESS ();
      if (DEPRECATED_USE_GENERIC_DUMMY_FRAMES)
        /* NOTE: cagney/2002-04-13: The entry point is going to be
           modified with a single breakpoint.  */
        generic_save_call_dummy_addr (CALL_DUMMY_ADDRESS (),
                                      CALL_DUMMY_ADDRESS () + 1);
      break;
    default:
      internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__, "bad switch");
    }

#ifdef lint
  sp = old_sp;                  /* It really is used, for some ifdef's... */
#endif

  if (nargs < TYPE_NFIELDS (ftype))
    error ("too few arguments in function call");

  for (i = nargs - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
      int prototyped;

      /* FIXME drow/2002-05-31: Should just always mark methods as
         prototyped.  Can we respect TYPE_VARARGS?  Probably not.  */
      if (TYPE_CODE (ftype) == TYPE_CODE_METHOD)
        prototyped = 1;
      else
        prototyped = TYPE_PROTOTYPED (ftype);

      if (i < TYPE_NFIELDS (ftype))
        args[i] = value_arg_coerce (args[i], TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (ftype, i),
                                    prototyped);
      else
        args[i] = value_arg_coerce (args[i], NULL, 0);

      /*elz: this code is to handle the case in which the function to be called
         has a pointer to function as parameter and the corresponding actual argument
         is the address of a function and not a pointer to function variable.
         In aCC compiled code, the calls through pointers to functions (in the body
         of the function called by hand) are made via $$dyncall_external which
         requires some registers setting, this is taken care of if we call
         via a function pointer variable, but not via a function address.
         In cc this is not a problem. */

      if (using_gcc == 0)
        if (param_type && TYPE_CODE (ftype) != TYPE_CODE_METHOD)
          /* if this parameter is a pointer to function */
          if (TYPE_CODE (param_type) == TYPE_CODE_PTR)
            if (TYPE_CODE (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (param_type)) == TYPE_CODE_FUNC)
              /* elz: FIXME here should go the test about the compiler used
                 to compile the target. We want to issue the error
                 message only if the compiler used was HP's aCC.
                 If we used HP's cc, then there is no problem and no need
                 to return at this point */
              if (using_gcc == 0)       /* && compiler == aCC */
                /* go see if the actual parameter is a variable of type
                   pointer to function or just a function */
                if (args[i]->lval == not_lval)
                  {
                    char *arg_name;
                    if (find_pc_partial_function ((CORE_ADDR) args[i]->aligner.contents[0], &arg_name, NULL, NULL))
                      error ("\
You cannot use function <%s> as argument. \n\
You must use a pointer to function type variable. Command ignored.", arg_name);
                  }
    }

  if (REG_STRUCT_HAS_ADDR_P ())
    {
      /* This is a machine like the sparc, where we may need to pass a
         pointer to the structure, not the structure itself.  */
      for (i = nargs - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
          struct type *arg_type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (args[i]));
          if ((TYPE_CODE (arg_type) == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT
               || TYPE_CODE (arg_type) == TYPE_CODE_UNION
               || TYPE_CODE (arg_type) == TYPE_CODE_ARRAY
               || TYPE_CODE (arg_type) == TYPE_CODE_STRING
               || TYPE_CODE (arg_type) == TYPE_CODE_BITSTRING
               || TYPE_CODE (arg_type) == TYPE_CODE_SET
               || (TYPE_CODE (arg_type) == TYPE_CODE_FLT
                   && TYPE_LENGTH (arg_type) > 8)
               )
              && REG_STRUCT_HAS_ADDR (using_gcc, arg_type))
            {
              CORE_ADDR addr;
              int len;          /*  = TYPE_LENGTH (arg_type); */
              int aligned_len;
              arg_type = check_typedef (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (args[i]));
              len = TYPE_LENGTH (arg_type);

              if (STACK_ALIGN_P ())
                /* MVS 11/22/96: I think at least some of this
                   stack_align code is really broken.  Better to let
                   PUSH_ARGUMENTS adjust the stack in a target-defined
                   manner.  */
                aligned_len = STACK_ALIGN (len);
              else
                aligned_len = len;
              if (INNER_THAN (1, 2))
                {
                  /* stack grows downward */
                  sp -= aligned_len;
                  /* ... so the address of the thing we push is the
                     stack pointer after we push it.  */
                  addr = sp;
                }
              else
                {
                  /* The stack grows up, so the address of the thing
                     we push is the stack pointer before we push it.  */
                  addr = sp;
                  sp += aligned_len;
                }
              /* Push the structure.  */
              write_memory (addr, VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL (args[i]), len);
              /* The value we're going to pass is the address of the
                 thing we just pushed.  */
              /*args[i] = value_from_longest (lookup_pointer_type (value_type),
                (LONGEST) addr); */
              args[i] = value_from_pointer (lookup_pointer_type (arg_type),
                                            addr);
            }
        }
    }


  /* Reserve space for the return structure to be written on the
     stack, if necessary.  Make certain that the value is correctly
     aligned. */

  if (struct_return)
    {
      int len = TYPE_LENGTH (value_type);
      if (STACK_ALIGN_P ())
        /* NOTE: cagney/2003-03-22: Should rely on frame align, rather
           than stack align to force the alignment of the stack.  */
        len = STACK_ALIGN (len);
      if (INNER_THAN (1, 2))
        {
          /* Stack grows downward.  Align STRUCT_ADDR and SP after
             making space for the return value.  */
          sp -= len;
          if (gdbarch_frame_align_p (current_gdbarch))
            sp = gdbarch_frame_align (current_gdbarch, sp);
          struct_addr = sp;
        }
      else
        {
          /* Stack grows upward.  Align the frame, allocate space, and
             then again, re-align the frame??? */
          if (gdbarch_frame_align_p (current_gdbarch))
            sp = gdbarch_frame_align (current_gdbarch, sp);
          struct_addr = sp;
          sp += len;
          if (gdbarch_frame_align_p (current_gdbarch))
            sp = gdbarch_frame_align (current_gdbarch, sp);
        }
    }

  /* elz: on HPPA no need for this extra alignment, maybe it is needed
     on other architectures. This is because all the alignment is
     taken care of in the above code (ifdef REG_STRUCT_HAS_ADDR) and
     in hppa_push_arguments */
  /* NOTE: cagney/2003-03-24: The below code is very broken.  Given an
     odd sized parameter the below will mis-align the stack.  As was
     suggested back in '96, better to let PUSH_ARGUMENTS handle it.  */
  if (DEPRECATED_EXTRA_STACK_ALIGNMENT_NEEDED)
    {
      /* MVS 11/22/96: I think at least some of this stack_align code
         is really broken.  Better to let push_dummy_call() adjust the
         stack in a target-defined manner.  */
      if (STACK_ALIGN_P () && INNER_THAN (1, 2))
        {
          /* If stack grows down, we must leave a hole at the top. */
          int len = 0;

          for (i = nargs - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            len += TYPE_LENGTH (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (args[i]));
          if (DEPRECATED_CALL_DUMMY_STACK_ADJUST_P ())
            len += DEPRECATED_CALL_DUMMY_STACK_ADJUST;
          sp -= STACK_ALIGN (len) - len;
        }
    }

  /* Create the dummy stack frame.  Pass in the call dummy address as,
     presumably, the ABI code knows where, in the call dummy, the
     return address should be pointed.  */
  if (gdbarch_push_dummy_call_p (current_gdbarch))
    /* When there is no push_dummy_call method, should this code
       simply error out.  That would the implementation of this method
       for all ABIs (which is probably a good thing).  */
    sp = gdbarch_push_dummy_call (current_gdbarch, current_regcache,
                                  dummy_addr, nargs, args, sp, struct_return,
                                  struct_addr);
  else  if (DEPRECATED_PUSH_ARGUMENTS_P ())
    /* Keep old targets working.  */
    sp = DEPRECATED_PUSH_ARGUMENTS (nargs, args, sp, struct_return,
                                    struct_addr);
  else
    sp = legacy_push_arguments (nargs, args, sp, struct_return, struct_addr);

  if (DEPRECATED_PUSH_RETURN_ADDRESS_P ())
    /* for targets that use no CALL_DUMMY */
    /* There are a number of targets now which actually don't write
       any CALL_DUMMY instructions into the target, but instead just
       save the machine state, push the arguments, and jump directly
       to the callee function.  Since this doesn't actually involve
       executing a JSR/BSR instruction, the return address must be set
       up by hand, either by pushing onto the stack or copying into a
       return-address register as appropriate.  Formerly this has been
       done in PUSH_ARGUMENTS, but that's overloading its
       functionality a bit, so I'm making it explicit to do it here.  */
    sp = DEPRECATED_PUSH_RETURN_ADDRESS (real_pc, sp);

  /* NOTE: cagney/2003-03-23: Diable this code when there is a
     push_dummy_call() method.  Since that method will have already
     handled any alignment issues, the code below is entirely
     redundant.  */
  if (!gdbarch_push_dummy_call_p (current_gdbarch)
      && STACK_ALIGN_P () && !INNER_THAN (1, 2))
    {
      /* If stack grows up, we must leave a hole at the bottom, note
         that sp already has been advanced for the arguments!  */
      if (DEPRECATED_CALL_DUMMY_STACK_ADJUST_P ())
        sp += DEPRECATED_CALL_DUMMY_STACK_ADJUST;
      sp = STACK_ALIGN (sp);
    }

/* XXX This seems wrong.  For stacks that grow down we shouldn't do
   anything here!  */
  /* MVS 11/22/96: I think at least some of this stack_align code is
     really broken.  Better to let PUSH_ARGUMENTS adjust the stack in
     a target-defined manner.  */
  if (DEPRECATED_CALL_DUMMY_STACK_ADJUST_P ())
    if (INNER_THAN (1, 2))
      {
        /* stack grows downward */
        sp -= DEPRECATED_CALL_DUMMY_STACK_ADJUST;
      }

  /* Store the address at which the structure is supposed to be
     written.  */
  /* NOTE: 2003-03-24: Since PUSH_ARGUMENTS can (and typically does)
     store the struct return address, this call is entirely redundant.  */
  if (struct_return && DEPRECATED_STORE_STRUCT_RETURN_P ())
    DEPRECATED_STORE_STRUCT_RETURN (struct_addr, sp);

  /* Write the stack pointer.  This is here because the statements above
     might fool with it.  On SPARC, this write also stores the register
     window into the right place in the new stack frame, which otherwise
     wouldn't happen.  (See store_inferior_registers in sparc-nat.c.)  */
  /* NOTE: cagney/2003-03-23: Disable this code when there is a
     push_dummy_call() method.  Since that method will have already
     stored the stack pointer (as part of creating the fake call
     frame), and none of the code following that code adjusts the
     stack-pointer value, the below call is entirely redundant.  */
  if (!gdbarch_push_dummy_call_p (current_gdbarch))
    TARGET_WRITE_SP (sp);

  if (SAVE_DUMMY_FRAME_TOS_P ())
    SAVE_DUMMY_FRAME_TOS (sp);

  {
    char *name;
    struct symbol *symbol;

    name = NULL;
    symbol = find_pc_function (funaddr);
    if (symbol)
      {
        name = SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol);
      }
    else
      {
        /* Try the minimal symbols.  */
        struct minimal_symbol *msymbol = lookup_minimal_symbol_by_pc (funaddr);

        if (msymbol)
          {
            name = SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (msymbol);
          }
      }
    if (name == NULL)
      {
        char format[80];
        sprintf (format, "at %s", local_hex_format ());
        name = alloca (80);
        /* FIXME-32x64: assumes funaddr fits in a long.  */
        sprintf (name, format, (unsigned long) funaddr);
      }

    /* Execute the stack dummy routine, calling FUNCTION.
       When it is done, discard the empty frame
       after storing the contents of all regs into retbuf.  */
    rc = run_stack_dummy (real_pc + CALL_DUMMY_START_OFFSET, retbuf);

    if (rc == 1)
      {
        /* We stopped inside the FUNCTION because of a random signal.
           Further execution of the FUNCTION is not allowed. */

        if (unwind_on_signal_p)
          {
            /* The user wants the context restored. */

            /* We must get back to the frame we were before the dummy
               call. */
            frame_pop (get_current_frame ());

            /* FIXME: Insert a bunch of wrap_here; name can be very long if it's
               a C++ name with arguments and stuff.  */
            error ("\
The program being debugged was signaled while in a function called from GDB.\n\
GDB has restored the context to what it was before the call.\n\
To change this behavior use \"set unwindonsignal off\"\n\
Evaluation of the expression containing the function (%s) will be abandoned.",
                   name);
          }
        else
          {
            /* The user wants to stay in the frame where we stopped (default).*/

            /* If we restored the inferior status (via the cleanup),
               we would print a spurious error message (Unable to
               restore previously selected frame), would write the
               registers from the inf_status (which is wrong), and
               would do other wrong things.  */
            discard_cleanups (inf_status_cleanup);
            discard_inferior_status (inf_status);

            /* FIXME: Insert a bunch of wrap_here; name can be very long if it's
               a C++ name with arguments and stuff.  */
            error ("\
The program being debugged was signaled while in a function called from GDB.\n\
GDB remains in the frame where the signal was received.\n\
To change this behavior use \"set unwindonsignal on\"\n\
Evaluation of the expression containing the function (%s) will be abandoned.",
                   name);
          }
      }

    if (rc == 2)
      {
        /* We hit a breakpoint inside the FUNCTION. */

        /* If we restored the inferior status (via the cleanup), we
           would print a spurious error message (Unable to restore
           previously selected frame), would write the registers from
           the inf_status (which is wrong), and would do other wrong
           things.  */
        discard_cleanups (inf_status_cleanup);
        discard_inferior_status (inf_status);

        /* The following error message used to say "The expression
           which contained the function call has been discarded."  It
           is a hard concept to explain in a few words.  Ideally, GDB
           would be able to resume evaluation of the expression when
           the function finally is done executing.  Perhaps someday
           this will be implemented (it would not be easy).  */

        /* FIXME: Insert a bunch of wrap_here; name can be very long if it's
           a C++ name with arguments and stuff.  */
        error ("\
The program being debugged stopped while in a function called from GDB.\n\
When the function (%s) is done executing, GDB will silently\n\
stop (instead of continuing to evaluate the expression containing\n\
the function call).", name);
      }

    /* If we get here the called FUNCTION run to completion. */

    /* Restore the inferior status, via its cleanup.  At this stage,
       leave the RETBUF alone.  */
    do_cleanups (inf_status_cleanup);

    /* Figure out the value returned by the function.  */
    /* elz: I defined this new macro for the hppa architecture only.
       this gives us a way to get the value returned by the function
       from the stack, at the same address we told the function to put
       it.  We cannot assume on the pa that r28 still contains the
       address of the returned structure. Usually this will be
       overwritten by the callee.  I don't know about other
       architectures, so I defined this macro */
#ifdef VALUE_RETURNED_FROM_STACK
    if (struct_return)
      {
        do_cleanups (retbuf_cleanup);
        return VALUE_RETURNED_FROM_STACK (value_type, struct_addr);
      }
#endif
    /* NOTE: cagney/2002-09-10: Only when the stack has been correctly
       aligned (using frame_align()) do we can trust STRUCT_ADDR and
       fetch the return value direct from the stack.  This lack of
       trust comes about because legacy targets have a nasty habit of
       silently, and local to PUSH_ARGUMENTS(), moving STRUCT_ADDR.
       For such targets, just hope that value_being_returned() can
       find the adjusted value.  */
    if (struct_return && gdbarch_frame_align_p (current_gdbarch))
      {
        struct value *retval = value_at (value_type, struct_addr, NULL);
        do_cleanups (retbuf_cleanup);
        return retval;
      }
    else
      {
        struct value *retval = value_being_returned (value_type, retbuf,
                                                     struct_return);
        do_cleanups (retbuf_cleanup);
        return retval;
      }
  }
}

struct value *
call_function_by_hand (struct value *function, int nargs, struct value **args)
{
  if (CALL_DUMMY_P)
    {
      return hand_function_call (function, nargs, args);
    }
  else
    {
      error ("Cannot invoke functions on this machine.");
    }
}
\f


/* Create a value for an array by allocating space in the inferior, copying
   the data into that space, and then setting up an array value.

   The array bounds are set from LOWBOUND and HIGHBOUND, and the array is
   populated from the values passed in ELEMVEC.

   The element type of the array is inherited from the type of the
   first element, and all elements must have the same size (though we
   don't currently enforce any restriction on their types). */

struct value *
value_array (int lowbound, int highbound, struct value **elemvec)
{
  int nelem;
  int idx;
  unsigned int typelength;
  struct value *val;
  struct type *rangetype;
  struct type *arraytype;
  CORE_ADDR addr;

  /* Validate that the bounds are reasonable and that each of the elements
     have the same size. */

  nelem = highbound - lowbound + 1;
  if (nelem <= 0)
    {
      error ("bad array bounds (%d, %d)", lowbound, highbound);
    }
  typelength = TYPE_LENGTH (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (elemvec[0]));
  for (idx = 1; idx < nelem; idx++)
    {
      if (TYPE_LENGTH (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (elemvec[idx])) != typelength)
        {
          error ("array elements must all be the same size");
        }
    }

  rangetype = create_range_type ((struct type *) NULL, builtin_type_int,
                                 lowbound, highbound);
  arraytype = create_array_type ((struct type *) NULL,
                              VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (elemvec[0]), rangetype);

  if (!current_language->c_style_arrays)
    {
      val = allocate_value (arraytype);
      for (idx = 0; idx < nelem; idx++)
        {
          memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL_RAW (val) + (idx * typelength),
                  VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL (elemvec[idx]),
                  typelength);
        }
      VALUE_BFD_SECTION (val) = VALUE_BFD_SECTION (elemvec[0]);
      return val;
    }

  /* Allocate space to store the array in the inferior, and then initialize
     it by copying in each element.  FIXME:  Is it worth it to create a
     local buffer in which to collect each value and then write all the
     bytes in one operation? */

  addr = allocate_space_in_inferior (nelem * typelength);
  for (idx = 0; idx < nelem; idx++)
    {
      write_memory (addr + (idx * typelength), VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL (elemvec[idx]),
                    typelength);
    }

  /* Create the array type and set up an array value to be evaluated lazily. */

  val = value_at_lazy (arraytype, addr, VALUE_BFD_SECTION (elemvec[0]));
  return (val);
}

/* Create a value for a string constant by allocating space in the inferior,
   copying the data into that space, and returning the address with type
   TYPE_CODE_STRING.  PTR points to the string constant data; LEN is number
   of characters.
   Note that string types are like array of char types with a lower bound of
   zero and an upper bound of LEN - 1.  Also note that the string may contain
   embedded null bytes. */

struct value *
value_string (char *ptr, int len)
{
  struct value *val;
  int lowbound = current_language->string_lower_bound;
  struct type *rangetype = create_range_type ((struct type *) NULL,
                                              builtin_type_int,
                                              lowbound, len + lowbound - 1);
  struct type *stringtype
  = create_string_type ((struct type *) NULL, rangetype);
  CORE_ADDR addr;

  if (current_language->c_style_arrays == 0)
    {
      val = allocate_value (stringtype);
      memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (val), ptr, len);
      return val;
    }


  /* Allocate space to store the string in the inferior, and then
     copy LEN bytes from PTR in gdb to that address in the inferior. */

  addr = allocate_space_in_inferior (len);
  write_memory (addr, ptr, len);

  val = value_at_lazy (stringtype, addr, NULL);
  return (val);
}

struct value *
value_bitstring (char *ptr, int len)
{
  struct value *val;
  struct type *domain_type = create_range_type (NULL, builtin_type_int,
                                                0, len - 1);
  struct type *type = create_set_type ((struct type *) NULL, domain_type);
  TYPE_CODE (type) = TYPE_CODE_BITSTRING;
  val = allocate_value (type);
  memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (val), ptr, TYPE_LENGTH (type));
  return val;
}
\f
/* See if we can pass arguments in T2 to a function which takes arguments
   of types T1.  T1 is a list of NARGS arguments, and T2 is a NULL-terminated
   vector.  If some arguments need coercion of some sort, then the coerced
   values are written into T2.  Return value is 0 if the arguments could be
   matched, or the position at which they differ if not.

   STATICP is nonzero if the T1 argument list came from a
   static member function.  T2 will still include the ``this'' pointer,
   but it will be skipped.

   For non-static member functions, we ignore the first argument,
   which is the type of the instance variable.  This is because we want
   to handle calls with objects from derived classes.  This is not
   entirely correct: we should actually check to make sure that a
   requested operation is type secure, shouldn't we?  FIXME.  */

static int
typecmp (int staticp, int varargs, int nargs,
         struct field t1[], struct value *t2[])
{
  int i;

  if (t2 == 0)
    internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__, "typecmp: no argument list");

  /* Skip ``this'' argument if applicable.  T2 will always include THIS.  */
  if (staticp)
    t2 ++;

  for (i = 0;
       (i < nargs) && TYPE_CODE (t1[i].type) != TYPE_CODE_VOID;
       i++)
    {
      struct type *tt1, *tt2;

      if (!t2[i])
        return i + 1;

      tt1 = check_typedef (t1[i].type);
      tt2 = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (t2[i]));

      if (TYPE_CODE (tt1) == TYPE_CODE_REF
      /* We should be doing hairy argument matching, as below.  */
          && (TYPE_CODE (check_typedef (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (tt1))) == TYPE_CODE (tt2)))
        {
          if (TYPE_CODE (tt2) == TYPE_CODE_ARRAY)
            t2[i] = value_coerce_array (t2[i]);
          else
            t2[i] = value_addr (t2[i]);
          continue;
        }

      /* djb - 20000715 - Until the new type structure is in the
         place, and we can attempt things like implicit conversions,
         we need to do this so you can take something like a map<const
         char *>, and properly access map["hello"], because the
         argument to [] will be a reference to a pointer to a char,
         and the argument will be a pointer to a char. */
      while ( TYPE_CODE(tt1) == TYPE_CODE_REF ||
              TYPE_CODE (tt1) == TYPE_CODE_PTR)
        {
          tt1 = check_typedef( TYPE_TARGET_TYPE(tt1) );
        }
      while ( TYPE_CODE(tt2) == TYPE_CODE_ARRAY ||
              TYPE_CODE(tt2) == TYPE_CODE_PTR ||
              TYPE_CODE(tt2) == TYPE_CODE_REF)
        {
          tt2 = check_typedef( TYPE_TARGET_TYPE(tt2) );
        }
      if (TYPE_CODE (tt1) == TYPE_CODE (tt2))
        continue;
      /* Array to pointer is a `trivial conversion' according to the ARM.  */

      /* We should be doing much hairier argument matching (see section 13.2
         of the ARM), but as a quick kludge, just check for the same type
         code.  */
      if (TYPE_CODE (t1[i].type) != TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (t2[i])))
        return i + 1;
    }
  if (varargs || t2[i] == NULL)
    return 0;
  return i + 1;
}

/* Helper function used by value_struct_elt to recurse through baseclasses.
   Look for a field NAME in ARG1. Adjust the address of ARG1 by OFFSET bytes,
   and search in it assuming it has (class) type TYPE.
   If found, return value, else return NULL.

   If LOOKING_FOR_BASECLASS, then instead of looking for struct fields,
   look for a baseclass named NAME.  */

static struct value *
search_struct_field (char *name, struct value *arg1, int offset,
                     register struct type *type, int looking_for_baseclass)
{
  int i;
  int nbases = TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type);

  CHECK_TYPEDEF (type);

  if (!looking_for_baseclass)
    for (i = TYPE_NFIELDS (type) - 1; i >= nbases; i--)
      {
        char *t_field_name = TYPE_FIELD_NAME (type, i);

        if (t_field_name && (strcmp_iw (t_field_name, name) == 0))
          {
            struct value *v;
            if (TYPE_FIELD_STATIC (type, i))
              {
                v = value_static_field (type, i);
                if (v == 0)
                  error ("field %s is nonexistent or has been optimised out",
                         name);
              }
            else
              {
                v = value_primitive_field (arg1, offset, i, type);
                if (v == 0)
                  error ("there is no field named %s", name);
              }
            return v;
          }

        if (t_field_name
            && (t_field_name[0] == '\0'
                || (TYPE_CODE (type) == TYPE_CODE_UNION
                    && (strcmp_iw (t_field_name, "else") == 0))))
          {
            struct type *field_type = TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (type, i);
            if (TYPE_CODE (field_type) == TYPE_CODE_UNION
                || TYPE_CODE (field_type) == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT)
              {
                /* Look for a match through the fields of an anonymous union,
                   or anonymous struct.  C++ provides anonymous unions.

                   In the GNU Chill (now deleted from GDB)
                   implementation of variant record types, each
                   <alternative field> has an (anonymous) union type,
                   each member of the union represents a <variant
                   alternative>.  Each <variant alternative> is
                   represented as a struct, with a member for each
                   <variant field>.  */

                struct value *v;
                int new_offset = offset;

                /* This is pretty gross.  In G++, the offset in an
                   anonymous union is relative to the beginning of the
                   enclosing struct.  In the GNU Chill (now deleted
                   from GDB) implementation of variant records, the
                   bitpos is zero in an anonymous union field, so we
                   have to add the offset of the union here. */
                if (TYPE_CODE (field_type) == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT
                    || (TYPE_NFIELDS (field_type) > 0
                        && TYPE_FIELD_BITPOS (field_type, 0) == 0))
                  new_offset += TYPE_FIELD_BITPOS (type, i) / 8;

                v = search_struct_field (name, arg1, new_offset, field_type,
                                         looking_for_baseclass);
                if (v)
                  return v;
              }
          }
      }

  for (i = 0; i < nbases; i++)
    {
      struct value *v;
      struct type *basetype = check_typedef (TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i));
      /* If we are looking for baseclasses, this is what we get when we
         hit them.  But it could happen that the base part's member name
         is not yet filled in.  */
      int found_baseclass = (looking_for_baseclass
                             && TYPE_BASECLASS_NAME (type, i) != NULL
                             && (strcmp_iw (name, TYPE_BASECLASS_NAME (type, i)) == 0));

      if (BASETYPE_VIA_VIRTUAL (type, i))
        {
          int boffset;
          struct value *v2 = allocate_value (basetype);

          boffset = baseclass_offset (type, i,
                                      VALUE_CONTENTS (arg1) + offset,
                                      VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1)
                                      + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1) + offset);
          if (boffset == -1)
            error ("virtual baseclass botch");

          /* The virtual base class pointer might have been clobbered by the
             user program. Make sure that it still points to a valid memory
             location.  */

          boffset += offset;
          if (boffset < 0 || boffset >= TYPE_LENGTH (type))
            {
              CORE_ADDR base_addr;

              base_addr = VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1) + boffset;
              if (target_read_memory (base_addr, VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (v2),
                                      TYPE_LENGTH (basetype)) != 0)
                error ("virtual baseclass botch");
              VALUE_LVAL (v2) = lval_memory;
              VALUE_ADDRESS (v2) = base_addr;
            }
          else
            {
              VALUE_LVAL (v2) = VALUE_LVAL (arg1);
              VALUE_ADDRESS (v2) = VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1);
              VALUE_OFFSET (v2) = VALUE_OFFSET (arg1) + boffset;
              if (VALUE_LAZY (arg1))
                VALUE_LAZY (v2) = 1;
              else
                memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (v2),
                        VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (arg1) + boffset,
                        TYPE_LENGTH (basetype));
            }

          if (found_baseclass)
            return v2;
          v = search_struct_field (name, v2, 0, TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i),
                                   looking_for_baseclass);
        }
      else if (found_baseclass)
        v = value_primitive_field (arg1, offset, i, type);
      else
        v = search_struct_field (name, arg1,
                               offset + TYPE_BASECLASS_BITPOS (type, i) / 8,
                                 basetype, looking_for_baseclass);
      if (v)
        return v;
    }
  return NULL;
}


/* Return the offset (in bytes) of the virtual base of type BASETYPE
 * in an object pointed to by VALADDR (on the host), assumed to be of
 * type TYPE.  OFFSET is number of bytes beyond start of ARG to start
 * looking (in case VALADDR is the contents of an enclosing object).
 *
 * This routine recurses on the primary base of the derived class because
 * the virtual base entries of the primary base appear before the other
 * virtual base entries.
 *
 * If the virtual base is not found, a negative integer is returned.
 * The magnitude of the negative integer is the number of entries in
 * the virtual table to skip over (entries corresponding to various
 * ancestral classes in the chain of primary bases).
 *
 * Important: This assumes the HP / Taligent C++ runtime
 * conventions. Use baseclass_offset() instead to deal with g++
 * conventions.  */

void
find_rt_vbase_offset (struct type *type, struct type *basetype, char *valaddr,
                      int offset, int *boffset_p, int *skip_p)
{
  int boffset;                  /* offset of virtual base */
  int index;                    /* displacement to use in virtual table */
  int skip;

  struct value *vp;
  CORE_ADDR vtbl;               /* the virtual table pointer */
  struct type *pbc;             /* the primary base class */

  /* Look for the virtual base recursively in the primary base, first.
   * This is because the derived class object and its primary base
   * subobject share the primary virtual table.  */

  boffset = 0;
  pbc = TYPE_PRIMARY_BASE (type);
  if (pbc)
    {
      find_rt_vbase_offset (pbc, basetype, valaddr, offset, &boffset, &skip);
      if (skip < 0)
        {
          *boffset_p = boffset;
          *skip_p = -1;
          return;
        }
    }
  else
    skip = 0;


  /* Find the index of the virtual base according to HP/Taligent
     runtime spec. (Depth-first, left-to-right.)  */
  index = virtual_base_index_skip_primaries (basetype, type);

  if (index < 0)
    {
      *skip_p = skip + virtual_base_list_length_skip_primaries (type);
      *boffset_p = 0;
      return;
    }

  /* pai: FIXME -- 32x64 possible problem */
  /* First word (4 bytes) in object layout is the vtable pointer */
  vtbl = *(CORE_ADDR *) (valaddr + offset);

  /* Before the constructor is invoked, things are usually zero'd out. */
  if (vtbl == 0)
    error ("Couldn't find virtual table -- object may not be constructed yet.");


  /* Find virtual base's offset -- jump over entries for primary base
   * ancestors, then use the index computed above.  But also adjust by
   * HP_ACC_VBASE_START for the vtable slots before the start of the
   * virtual base entries.  Offset is negative -- virtual base entries
   * appear _before_ the address point of the virtual table. */

  /* pai: FIXME -- 32x64 problem, if word = 8 bytes, change multiplier
     & use long type */

  /* epstein : FIXME -- added param for overlay section. May not be correct */
  vp = value_at (builtin_type_int, vtbl + 4 * (-skip - index - HP_ACC_VBASE_START), NULL);
  boffset = value_as_long (vp);
  *skip_p = -1;
  *boffset_p = boffset;
  return;
}


/* Helper function used by value_struct_elt to recurse through baseclasses.
   Look for a field NAME in ARG1. Adjust the address of ARG1 by OFFSET bytes,
   and search in it assuming it has (class) type TYPE.
   If found, return value, else if name matched and args not return (value)-1,
   else return NULL. */

static struct value *
search_struct_method (char *name, struct value **arg1p,
                      struct value **args, int offset,
                      int *static_memfuncp, register struct type *type)
{
  int i;
  struct value *v;
  int name_matched = 0;
  char dem_opname[64];

  CHECK_TYPEDEF (type);
  for (i = TYPE_NFN_FIELDS (type) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
      char *t_field_name = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_NAME (type, i);
      /* FIXME!  May need to check for ARM demangling here */
      if (strncmp (t_field_name, "__", 2) == 0 ||
          strncmp (t_field_name, "op", 2) == 0 ||
          strncmp (t_field_name, "type", 4) == 0)
        {
          if (cplus_demangle_opname (t_field_name, dem_opname, DMGL_ANSI))
            t_field_name = dem_opname;
          else if (cplus_demangle_opname (t_field_name, dem_opname, 0))
            t_field_name = dem_opname;
        }
      if (t_field_name && (strcmp_iw (t_field_name, name) == 0))
        {
          int j = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_LENGTH (type, i) - 1;
          struct fn_field *f = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST1 (type, i);
          name_matched = 1;

          check_stub_method_group (type, i);
          if (j > 0 && args == 0)
            error ("cannot resolve overloaded method `%s': no arguments supplied", name);
          else if (j == 0 && args == 0)
            {
              v = value_fn_field (arg1p, f, j, type, offset);
              if (v != NULL)
                return v;
            }
          else
            while (j >= 0)
              {
                if (!typecmp (TYPE_FN_FIELD_STATIC_P (f, j),
                              TYPE_VARARGS (TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (f, j)),
                              TYPE_NFIELDS (TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (f, j)),
                              TYPE_FN_FIELD_ARGS (f, j), args))
                  {
                    if (TYPE_FN_FIELD_VIRTUAL_P (f, j))
                      return value_virtual_fn_field (arg1p, f, j, type, offset);
                    if (TYPE_FN_FIELD_STATIC_P (f, j) && static_memfuncp)
                      *static_memfuncp = 1;
                    v = value_fn_field (arg1p, f, j, type, offset);
                    if (v != NULL)
                      return v;       
                  }
                j--;
              }
        }
    }

  for (i = TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
      int base_offset;

      if (BASETYPE_VIA_VIRTUAL (type, i))
        {
          if (TYPE_HAS_VTABLE (type))
            {
              /* HP aCC compiled type, search for virtual base offset
                 according to HP/Taligent runtime spec.  */
              int skip;
              find_rt_vbase_offset (type, TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i),
                                    VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL (*arg1p),
                                    offset + VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (*arg1p),
                                    &base_offset, &skip);
              if (skip >= 0)
                error ("Virtual base class offset not found in vtable");
            }
          else
            {
              struct type *baseclass = check_typedef (TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i));
              char *base_valaddr;

              /* The virtual base class pointer might have been clobbered by the
                 user program. Make sure that it still points to a valid memory
                 location.  */

              if (offset < 0 || offset >= TYPE_LENGTH (type))
                {
                  base_valaddr = (char *) alloca (TYPE_LENGTH (baseclass));
                  if (target_read_memory (VALUE_ADDRESS (*arg1p)
                                          + VALUE_OFFSET (*arg1p) + offset,
                                          base_valaddr,
                                          TYPE_LENGTH (baseclass)) != 0)
                    error ("virtual baseclass botch");
                }
              else
                base_valaddr = VALUE_CONTENTS (*arg1p) + offset;

              base_offset =
                baseclass_offset (type, i, base_valaddr,
                                  VALUE_ADDRESS (*arg1p)
                                  + VALUE_OFFSET (*arg1p) + offset);
              if (base_offset == -1)
                error ("virtual baseclass botch");
            }
        }
      else
        {
          base_offset = TYPE_BASECLASS_BITPOS (type, i) / 8;
        }
      v = search_struct_method (name, arg1p, args, base_offset + offset,
                                static_memfuncp, TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i));
      if (v == (struct value *) - 1)
        {
          name_matched = 1;
        }
      else if (v)
        {
/* FIXME-bothner:  Why is this commented out?  Why is it here?  */
/*        *arg1p = arg1_tmp; */
          return v;
        }
    }
  if (name_matched)
    return (struct value *) - 1;
  else
    return NULL;
}

/* Given *ARGP, a value of type (pointer to a)* structure/union,
   extract the component named NAME from the ultimate target structure/union
   and return it as a value with its appropriate type.
   ERR is used in the error message if *ARGP's type is wrong.

   C++: ARGS is a list of argument types to aid in the selection of
   an appropriate method. Also, handle derived types.

   STATIC_MEMFUNCP, if non-NULL, points to a caller-supplied location
   where the truthvalue of whether the function that was resolved was
   a static member function or not is stored.

   ERR is an error message to be printed in case the field is not found.  */

struct value *
value_struct_elt (struct value **argp, struct value **args,
                  char *name, int *static_memfuncp, char *err)
{
  register struct type *t;
  struct value *v;

  COERCE_ARRAY (*argp);

  t = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (*argp));

  /* Follow pointers until we get to a non-pointer.  */

  while (TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_PTR || TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_REF)
    {
      *argp = value_ind (*argp);
      /* Don't coerce fn pointer to fn and then back again!  */
      if (TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (*argp)) != TYPE_CODE_FUNC)
        COERCE_ARRAY (*argp);
      t = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (*argp));
    }

  if (TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_MEMBER)
    error ("not implemented: member type in value_struct_elt");

  if (TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_STRUCT
      && TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_UNION)
    error ("Attempt to extract a component of a value that is not a %s.", err);

  /* Assume it's not, unless we see that it is.  */
  if (static_memfuncp)
    *static_memfuncp = 0;

  if (!args)
    {
      /* if there are no arguments ...do this...  */

      /* Try as a field first, because if we succeed, there
         is less work to be done.  */
      v = search_struct_field (name, *argp, 0, t, 0);
      if (v)
        return v;

      /* C++: If it was not found as a data field, then try to
         return it as a pointer to a method.  */

      if (destructor_name_p (name, t))
        error ("Cannot get value of destructor");

      v = search_struct_method (name, argp, args, 0, static_memfuncp, t);

      if (v == (struct value *) - 1)
        error ("Cannot take address of a method");
      else if (v == 0)
        {
          if (TYPE_NFN_FIELDS (t))
            error ("There is no member or method named %s.", name);
          else
            error ("There is no member named %s.", name);
        }
      return v;
    }

  if (destructor_name_p (name, t))
    {
      if (!args[1])
        {
          /* Destructors are a special case.  */
          int m_index, f_index;

          v = NULL;
          if (get_destructor_fn_field (t, &m_index, &f_index))
            {
              v = value_fn_field (NULL, TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST1 (t, m_index),
                                  f_index, NULL, 0);
            }
          if (v == NULL)
            error ("could not find destructor function named %s.", name);
          else
            return v;
        }
      else
        {
          error ("destructor should not have any argument");
        }
    }
  else
    v = search_struct_method (name, argp, args, 0, static_memfuncp, t);
  
  if (v == (struct value *) - 1)
    {
      error ("One of the arguments you tried to pass to %s could not be converted to what the function wants.", name);
    }
  else if (v == 0)
    {
      /* See if user tried to invoke data as function.  If so,
         hand it back.  If it's not callable (i.e., a pointer to function),
         gdb should give an error.  */
      v = search_struct_field (name, *argp, 0, t, 0);
    }

  if (!v)
    error ("Structure has no component named %s.", name);
  return v;
}

/* Search through the methods of an object (and its bases)
 * to find a specified method. Return the pointer to the
 * fn_field list of overloaded instances.
 * Helper function for value_find_oload_list.
 * ARGP is a pointer to a pointer to a value (the object)
 * METHOD is a string containing the method name
 * OFFSET is the offset within the value
 * TYPE is the assumed type of the object
 * NUM_FNS is the number of overloaded instances
 * BASETYPE is set to the actual type of the subobject where the method is found
 * BOFFSET is the offset of the base subobject where the method is found */

static struct fn_field *
find_method_list (struct value **argp, char *method, int offset,
                  struct type *type, int *num_fns,
                  struct type **basetype, int *boffset)
{
  int i;
  struct fn_field *f;
  CHECK_TYPEDEF (type);

  *num_fns = 0;

  /* First check in object itself */
  for (i = TYPE_NFN_FIELDS (type) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
      /* pai: FIXME What about operators and type conversions? */
      char *fn_field_name = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_NAME (type, i);
      if (fn_field_name && (strcmp_iw (fn_field_name, method) == 0))
        {
          int len = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_LENGTH (type, i);
          struct fn_field *f = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST1 (type, i);

          *num_fns = len;
          *basetype = type;
          *boffset = offset;

          /* Resolve any stub methods.  */
          check_stub_method_group (type, i);

          return f;
        }
    }

  /* Not found in object, check in base subobjects */
  for (i = TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
      int base_offset;
      if (BASETYPE_VIA_VIRTUAL (type, i))
        {
          if (TYPE_HAS_VTABLE (type))
            {
              /* HP aCC compiled type, search for virtual base offset
               * according to HP/Taligent runtime spec.  */
              int skip;
              find_rt_vbase_offset (type, TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i),
                                    VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL (*argp),
                                    offset + VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (*argp),
                                    &base_offset, &skip);
              if (skip >= 0)
                error ("Virtual base class offset not found in vtable");
            }
          else
            {
              /* probably g++ runtime model */
              base_offset = VALUE_OFFSET (*argp) + offset;
              base_offset =
                baseclass_offset (type, i,
                                  VALUE_CONTENTS (*argp) + base_offset,
                                  VALUE_ADDRESS (*argp) + base_offset);
              if (base_offset == -1)
                error ("virtual baseclass botch");
            }
        }
      else
        /* non-virtual base, simply use bit position from debug info */
        {
          base_offset = TYPE_BASECLASS_BITPOS (type, i) / 8;
        }
      f = find_method_list (argp, method, base_offset + offset,
                            TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i), num_fns, basetype,
                            boffset);
      if (f)
        return f;
    }
  return NULL;
}

/* Return the list of overloaded methods of a specified name.
 * ARGP is a pointer to a pointer to a value (the object)
 * METHOD is the method name
 * OFFSET is the offset within the value contents
 * NUM_FNS is the number of overloaded instances
 * BASETYPE is set to the type of the base subobject that defines the method
 * BOFFSET is the offset of the base subobject which defines the method */

struct fn_field *
value_find_oload_method_list (struct value **argp, char *method, int offset,
                              int *num_fns, struct type **basetype,
                              int *boffset)
{
  struct type *t;

  t = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (*argp));

  /* code snarfed from value_struct_elt */
  while (TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_PTR || TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_REF)
    {
      *argp = value_ind (*argp);
      /* Don't coerce fn pointer to fn and then back again!  */
      if (TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (*argp)) != TYPE_CODE_FUNC)
        COERCE_ARRAY (*argp);
      t = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (*argp));
    }

  if (TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_MEMBER)
    error ("Not implemented: member type in value_find_oload_lis");

  if (TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_STRUCT
      && TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_UNION)
    error ("Attempt to extract a component of a value that is not a struct or union");

  return find_method_list (argp, method, 0, t, num_fns, basetype, boffset);
}

/* Given an array of argument types (ARGTYPES) (which includes an
   entry for "this" in the case of C++ methods), the number of
   arguments NARGS, the NAME of a function whether it's a method or
   not (METHOD), and the degree of laxness (LAX) in conforming to
   overload resolution rules in ANSI C++, find the best function that
   matches on the argument types according to the overload resolution
   rules.

   In the case of class methods, the parameter OBJ is an object value
   in which to search for overloaded methods.

   In the case of non-method functions, the parameter FSYM is a symbol
   corresponding to one of the overloaded functions.

   Return value is an integer: 0 -> good match, 10 -> debugger applied
   non-standard coercions, 100 -> incompatible.

   If a method is being searched for, VALP will hold the value.
   If a non-method is being searched for, SYMP will hold the symbol for it.

   If a method is being searched for, and it is a static method,
   then STATICP will point to a non-zero value.

   Note: This function does *not* check the value of
   overload_resolution.  Caller must check it to see whether overload
   resolution is permitted.
 */

int
find_overload_match (struct type **arg_types, int nargs, char *name, int method,
                     int lax, struct value **objp, struct symbol *fsym,
                     struct value **valp, struct symbol **symp, int *staticp)
{
  int nparms;
  struct type **parm_types;
  int champ_nparms = 0;
  struct value *obj = (objp ? *objp : NULL);

  short oload_champ = -1;       /* Index of best overloaded function */
  short oload_ambiguous = 0;    /* Current ambiguity state for overload resolution */
  /* 0 => no ambiguity, 1 => two good funcs, 2 => incomparable funcs */
  short oload_ambig_champ = -1; /* 2nd contender for best match */
  short oload_non_standard = 0; /* did we have to use non-standard conversions? */
  short oload_incompatible = 0; /* are args supplied incompatible with any function? */

  struct badness_vector *bv;    /* A measure of how good an overloaded instance is */
  struct badness_vector *oload_champ_bv = NULL;         /* The measure for the current best match */

  struct value *temp = obj;
  struct fn_field *fns_ptr = NULL;      /* For methods, the list of overloaded methods */
  struct symbol **oload_syms = NULL;    /* For non-methods, the list of overloaded function symbols */
  int num_fns = 0;              /* Number of overloaded instances being considered */
  struct type *basetype = NULL;
  int boffset;
  register int jj;
  register int ix;
  int static_offset;
  struct cleanup *cleanups = NULL;

  char *obj_type_name = NULL;
  char *func_name = NULL;

  /* Get the list of overloaded methods or functions */
  if (method)
    {
      obj_type_name = TYPE_NAME (VALUE_TYPE (obj));
      /* Hack: evaluate_subexp_standard often passes in a pointer
         value rather than the object itself, so try again */
      if ((!obj_type_name || !*obj_type_name) &&
          (TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (obj)) == TYPE_CODE_PTR))
        obj_type_name = TYPE_NAME (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (VALUE_TYPE (obj)));

      fns_ptr = value_find_oload_method_list (&temp, name, 0,
                                              &num_fns,
                                              &basetype, &boffset);
      if (!fns_ptr || !num_fns)
        error ("Couldn't find method %s%s%s",
               obj_type_name,
               (obj_type_name && *obj_type_name) ? "::" : "",
               name);
      /* If we are dealing with stub method types, they should have
         been resolved by find_method_list via value_find_oload_method_list
         above.  */
      gdb_assert (TYPE_DOMAIN_TYPE (fns_ptr[0].type) != NULL);
    }
  else
    {
      int i = -1;
      func_name = cplus_demangle (DEPRECATED_SYMBOL_NAME (fsym), DMGL_NO_OPTS);

      /* If the name is NULL this must be a C-style function.
         Just return the same symbol. */
      if (!func_name)
        {
          *symp = fsym;
          return 0;
        }

      oload_syms = make_symbol_overload_list (fsym);
      cleanups = make_cleanup (xfree, oload_syms);
      while (oload_syms[++i])
        num_fns++;
      if (!num_fns)
        error ("Couldn't find function %s", func_name);
    }

  oload_champ_bv = NULL;

  /* Consider each candidate in turn */
  for (ix = 0; ix < num_fns; ix++)
    {
      static_offset = 0;
      if (method)
        {
          if (TYPE_FN_FIELD_STATIC_P (fns_ptr, ix))
            static_offset = 1;
          nparms = TYPE_NFIELDS (TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (fns_ptr, ix));
        }
      else
        {
          /* If it's not a method, this is the proper place */
          nparms=TYPE_NFIELDS(SYMBOL_TYPE(oload_syms[ix]));
        }

      /* Prepare array of parameter types */
      parm_types = (struct type **) xmalloc (nparms * (sizeof (struct type *)));
      for (jj = 0; jj < nparms; jj++)
        parm_types[jj] = (method
                          ? (TYPE_FN_FIELD_ARGS (fns_ptr, ix)[jj].type)
                          : TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (SYMBOL_TYPE (oload_syms[ix]), jj));

      /* Compare parameter types to supplied argument types.  Skip THIS for
         static methods.  */
      bv = rank_function (parm_types, nparms, arg_types + static_offset,
                          nargs - static_offset);

      if (!oload_champ_bv)
        {
          oload_champ_bv = bv;
          oload_champ = 0;
          champ_nparms = nparms;
        }
      else
        /* See whether current candidate is better or worse than previous best */
        switch (compare_badness (bv, oload_champ_bv))
          {
          case 0:
            oload_ambiguous = 1;        /* top two contenders are equally good */
            oload_ambig_champ = ix;
            break;
          case 1:
            oload_ambiguous = 2;        /* incomparable top contenders */
            oload_ambig_champ = ix;
            break;
          case 2:
            oload_champ_bv = bv;        /* new champion, record details */
            oload_ambiguous = 0;
            oload_champ = ix;
            oload_ambig_champ = -1;
            champ_nparms = nparms;
            break;
          case 3:
          default:
            break;
          }
      xfree (parm_types);
      if (overload_debug)
        {
          if (method)
            fprintf_filtered (gdb_stderr,"Overloaded method instance %s, # of parms %d\n", fns_ptr[ix].physname, nparms);
          else
            fprintf_filtered (gdb_stderr,"Overloaded function instance %s # of parms %d\n", SYMBOL_DEMANGLED_NAME (oload_syms[ix]), nparms);
          for (jj = 0; jj < nargs - static_offset; jj++)
            fprintf_filtered (gdb_stderr,"...Badness @ %d : %d\n", jj, bv->rank[jj]);
          fprintf_filtered (gdb_stderr,"Overload resolution champion is %d, ambiguous? %d\n", oload_champ, oload_ambiguous);
        }
    }                           /* end loop over all candidates */
  /* NOTE: dan/2000-03-10: Seems to be a better idea to just pick one
     if they have the exact same goodness. This is because there is no
     way to differentiate based on return type, which we need to in
     cases like overloads of .begin() <It's both const and non-const> */
#if 0
  if (oload_ambiguous)
    {
      if (method)
        error ("Cannot resolve overloaded method %s%s%s to unique instance; disambiguate by specifying function signature",
               obj_type_name,
               (obj_type_name && *obj_type_name) ? "::" : "",
               name);
      else
        error ("Cannot resolve overloaded function %s to unique instance; disambiguate by specifying function signature",
               func_name);
    }
#endif

  /* Check how bad the best match is.  */
  static_offset = 0;
  if (method && TYPE_FN_FIELD_STATIC_P (fns_ptr, oload_champ))
    static_offset = 1;
  for (ix = 1; ix <= nargs - static_offset; ix++)
    {
      if (oload_champ_bv->rank[ix] >= 100)
        oload_incompatible = 1; /* truly mismatched types */

      else if (oload_champ_bv->rank[ix] >= 10)
        oload_non_standard = 1; /* non-standard type conversions needed */
    }
  if (oload_incompatible)
    {
      if (method)
        error ("Cannot resolve method %s%s%s to any overloaded instance",
               obj_type_name,
               (obj_type_name && *obj_type_name) ? "::" : "",
               name);
      else
        error ("Cannot resolve function %s to any overloaded instance",
               func_name);
    }
  else if (oload_non_standard)
    {
      if (method)
        warning ("Using non-standard conversion to match method %s%s%s to supplied arguments",
                 obj_type_name,
                 (obj_type_name && *obj_type_name) ? "::" : "",
                 name);
      else
        warning ("Using non-standard conversion to match function %s to supplied arguments",
                 func_name);
    }

  if (method)
    {
      if (staticp && TYPE_FN_FIELD_STATIC_P (fns_ptr, oload_champ))
        *staticp = 1;
      else if (staticp)
        *staticp = 0;
      if (TYPE_FN_FIELD_VIRTUAL_P (fns_ptr, oload_champ))
        *valp = value_virtual_fn_field (&temp, fns_ptr, oload_champ, basetype, boffset);
      else
        *valp = value_fn_field (&temp, fns_ptr, oload_champ, basetype, boffset);
    }
  else
    {
      *symp = oload_syms[oload_champ];
      xfree (func_name);
    }

  if (objp)
    {
      if (TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (temp)) != TYPE_CODE_PTR
          && TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (*objp)) == TYPE_CODE_PTR)
        {
          temp = value_addr (temp);
        }
      *objp = temp;
    }
  if (cleanups != NULL)
    do_cleanups (cleanups);

  return oload_incompatible ? 100 : (oload_non_standard ? 10 : 0);
}

/* C++: return 1 is NAME is a legitimate name for the destructor
   of type TYPE.  If TYPE does not have a destructor, or
   if NAME is inappropriate for TYPE, an error is signaled.  */
int
destructor_name_p (const char *name, const struct type *type)
{
  /* destructors are a special case.  */

  if (name[0] == '~')
    {
      char *dname = type_name_no_tag (type);
      char *cp = strchr (dname, '<');
      unsigned int len;

      /* Do not compare the template part for template classes.  */
      if (cp == NULL)
        len = strlen (dname);
      else
        len = cp - dname;
      if (strlen (name + 1) != len || !STREQN (dname, name + 1, len))
        error ("name of destructor must equal name of class");
      else
        return 1;
    }
  return 0;
}

/* Helper function for check_field: Given TYPE, a structure/union,
   return 1 if the component named NAME from the ultimate
   target structure/union is defined, otherwise, return 0. */

static int
check_field_in (register struct type *type, const char *name)
{
  register int i;

  for (i = TYPE_NFIELDS (type) - 1; i >= TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type); i--)
    {
      char *t_field_name = TYPE_FIELD_NAME (type, i);
      if (t_field_name && (strcmp_iw (t_field_name, name) == 0))
        return 1;
    }

  /* C++: If it was not found as a data field, then try to
     return it as a pointer to a method.  */

  /* Destructors are a special case.  */
  if (destructor_name_p (name, type))
    {
      int m_index, f_index;

      return get_destructor_fn_field (type, &m_index, &f_index);
    }

  for (i = TYPE_NFN_FIELDS (type) - 1; i >= 0; --i)
    {
      if (strcmp_iw (TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_NAME (type, i), name) == 0)
        return 1;
    }

  for (i = TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    if (check_field_in (TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i), name))
      return 1;

  return 0;
}


/* C++: Given ARG1, a value of type (pointer to a)* structure/union,
   return 1 if the component named NAME from the ultimate
   target structure/union is defined, otherwise, return 0.  */

int
check_field (struct value *arg1, const char *name)
{
  register struct type *t;

  COERCE_ARRAY (arg1);

  t = VALUE_TYPE (arg1);

  /* Follow pointers until we get to a non-pointer.  */

  for (;;)
    {
      CHECK_TYPEDEF (t);
      if (TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_PTR && TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_REF)
        break;
      t = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (t);
    }

  if (TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_MEMBER)
    error ("not implemented: member type in check_field");

  if (TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_STRUCT
      && TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_UNION)
    error ("Internal error: `this' is not an aggregate");

  return check_field_in (t, name);
}

/* C++: Given an aggregate type CURTYPE, and a member name NAME,
   return the address of this member as a "pointer to member"
   type.  If INTYPE is non-null, then it will be the type
   of the member we are looking for.  This will help us resolve
   "pointers to member functions".  This function is used
   to resolve user expressions of the form "DOMAIN::NAME".  */

struct value *
value_struct_elt_for_reference (struct type *domain, int offset,
                                struct type *curtype, char *name,
                                struct type *intype)
{
  register struct type *t = curtype;
  register int i;
  struct value *v;

  if (TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_STRUCT
      && TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_UNION)
    error ("Internal error: non-aggregate type to value_struct_elt_for_reference");

  for (i = TYPE_NFIELDS (t) - 1; i >= TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (t); i--)
    {
      char *t_field_name = TYPE_FIELD_NAME (t, i);

      if (t_field_name && STREQ (t_field_name, name))
        {
          if (TYPE_FIELD_STATIC (t, i))
            {
              v = value_static_field (t, i);
              if (v == NULL)
                error ("static field %s has been optimized out",
                       name);
              return v;
            }
          if (TYPE_FIELD_PACKED (t, i))
            error ("pointers to bitfield members not allowed");

          return value_from_longest
            (lookup_reference_type (lookup_member_type (TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (t, i),
                                                        domain)),
             offset + (LONGEST) (TYPE_FIELD_BITPOS (t, i) >> 3));
        }
    }

  /* C++: If it was not found as a data field, then try to
     return it as a pointer to a method.  */

  /* Destructors are a special case.  */
  if (destructor_name_p (name, t))
    {
      error ("member pointers to destructors not implemented yet");
    }

  /* Perform all necessary dereferencing.  */
  while (intype && TYPE_CODE (intype) == TYPE_CODE_PTR)
    intype = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (intype);

  for (i = TYPE_NFN_FIELDS (t) - 1; i >= 0; --i)
    {
      char *t_field_name = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_NAME (t, i);
      char dem_opname[64];

      if (strncmp (t_field_name, "__", 2) == 0 ||
          strncmp (t_field_name, "op", 2) == 0 ||
          strncmp (t_field_name, "type", 4) == 0)
        {
          if (cplus_demangle_opname (t_field_name, dem_opname, DMGL_ANSI))
            t_field_name = dem_opname;
          else if (cplus_demangle_opname (t_field_name, dem_opname, 0))
            t_field_name = dem_opname;
        }
      if (t_field_name && STREQ (t_field_name, name))
        {
          int j = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_LENGTH (t, i);
          struct fn_field *f = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST1 (t, i);

          check_stub_method_group (t, i);

          if (intype == 0 && j > 1)
            error ("non-unique member `%s' requires type instantiation", name);
          if (intype)
            {
              while (j--)
                if (TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (f, j) == intype)
                  break;
              if (j < 0)
                error ("no member function matches that type instantiation");
            }
          else
            j = 0;

          if (TYPE_FN_FIELD_VIRTUAL_P (f, j))
            {
              return value_from_longest
                (lookup_reference_type
                 (lookup_member_type (TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (f, j),
                                      domain)),
                 (LONGEST) METHOD_PTR_FROM_VOFFSET (TYPE_FN_FIELD_VOFFSET (f, j)));
            }
          else
            {
              struct symbol *s = lookup_symbol (TYPE_FN_FIELD_PHYSNAME (f, j),
                                                0, VAR_NAMESPACE, 0, NULL);
              if (s == NULL)
                {
                  v = 0;
                }
              else
                {
                  v = read_var_value (s, 0);
#if 0
                  VALUE_TYPE (v) = lookup_reference_type
                    (lookup_member_type (TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (f, j),
                                         domain));
#endif
                }
              return v;
            }
        }
    }
  for (i = TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (t) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
      struct value *v;
      int base_offset;

      if (BASETYPE_VIA_VIRTUAL (t, i))
        base_offset = 0;
      else
        base_offset = TYPE_BASECLASS_BITPOS (t, i) / 8;
      v = value_struct_elt_for_reference (domain,
                                          offset + base_offset,
                                          TYPE_BASECLASS (t, i),
                                          name,
                                          intype);
      if (v)
        return v;
    }
  return 0;
}


/* Given a pointer value V, find the real (RTTI) type
   of the object it points to.
   Other parameters FULL, TOP, USING_ENC as with value_rtti_type()
   and refer to the values computed for the object pointed to. */

struct type *
value_rtti_target_type (struct value *v, int *full, int *top, int *using_enc)
{
  struct value *target;

  target = value_ind (v);

  return value_rtti_type (target, full, top, using_enc);
}

/* Given a value pointed to by ARGP, check its real run-time type, and
   if that is different from the enclosing type, create a new value
   using the real run-time type as the enclosing type (and of the same
   type as ARGP) and return it, with the embedded offset adjusted to
   be the correct offset to the enclosed object
   RTYPE is the type, and XFULL, XTOP, and XUSING_ENC are the other
   parameters, computed by value_rtti_type(). If these are available,
   they can be supplied and a second call to value_rtti_type() is avoided.
   (Pass RTYPE == NULL if they're not available */

struct value *
value_full_object (struct value *argp, struct type *rtype, int xfull, int xtop,
                   int xusing_enc)
{
  struct type *real_type;
  int full = 0;
  int top = -1;
  int using_enc = 0;
  struct value *new_val;

  if (rtype)
    {
      real_type = rtype;
      full = xfull;
      top = xtop;
      using_enc = xusing_enc;
    }
  else
    real_type = value_rtti_type (argp, &full, &top, &using_enc);

  /* If no RTTI data, or if object is already complete, do nothing */
  if (!real_type || real_type == VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (argp))
    return argp;

  /* If we have the full object, but for some reason the enclosing
     type is wrong, set it *//* pai: FIXME -- sounds iffy */
  if (full)
    {
      argp = value_change_enclosing_type (argp, real_type);
      return argp;
    }

  /* Check if object is in memory */
  if (VALUE_LVAL (argp) != lval_memory)
    {
      warning ("Couldn't retrieve complete object of RTTI type %s; object may be in register(s).", TYPE_NAME (real_type));

      return argp;
    }

  /* All other cases -- retrieve the complete object */
  /* Go back by the computed top_offset from the beginning of the object,
     adjusting for the embedded offset of argp if that's what value_rtti_type
     used for its computation. */
  new_val = value_at_lazy (real_type, VALUE_ADDRESS (argp) - top +
                           (using_enc ? 0 : VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (argp)),
                           VALUE_BFD_SECTION (argp));
  VALUE_TYPE (new_val) = VALUE_TYPE (argp);
  VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (new_val) = using_enc ? top + VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (argp) : top;
  return new_val;
}




/* Return the value of the local variable, if one exists.
   Flag COMPLAIN signals an error if the request is made in an
   inappropriate context.  */

struct value *
value_of_local (const char *name, int complain)
{
  struct symbol *func, *sym;
  struct block *b;
  int i;
  struct value * ret;

  if (deprecated_selected_frame == 0)
    {
      if (complain)
        error ("no frame selected");
      else
        return 0;
    }

  func = get_frame_function (deprecated_selected_frame);
  if (!func)
    {
      if (complain)
        error ("no `%s' in nameless context", name);
      else
        return 0;
    }

  b = SYMBOL_BLOCK_VALUE (func);
  i = BLOCK_NSYMS (b);
  if (i <= 0)
    {
      if (complain)
        error ("no args, no `%s'", name);
      else
        return 0;
    }

  /* Calling lookup_block_symbol is necessary to get the LOC_REGISTER
     symbol instead of the LOC_ARG one (if both exist).  */
  sym = lookup_block_symbol (b, name, NULL, VAR_NAMESPACE);
  if (sym == NULL)
    {
      if (complain)
        error ("current stack frame does not contain a variable named `%s'", name);
      else
        return NULL;
    }

  ret = read_var_value (sym, deprecated_selected_frame);
  if (ret == 0 && complain)
    error ("`%s' argument unreadable", name);
  return ret;
}

/* C++/Objective-C: return the value of the class instance variable,
   if one exists.  Flag COMPLAIN signals an error if the request is
   made in an inappropriate context.  */

struct value *
value_of_this (int complain)
{
  if (current_language->la_language == language_objc)
    return value_of_local ("self", complain);
  else
    return value_of_local ("this", complain);
}

/* Create a slice (sub-string, sub-array) of ARRAY, that is LENGTH elements
   long, starting at LOWBOUND.  The result has the same lower bound as
   the original ARRAY.  */

struct value *
value_slice (struct value *array, int lowbound, int length)
{
  struct type *slice_range_type, *slice_type, *range_type;
  LONGEST lowerbound, upperbound;
  struct value *slice;
  struct type *array_type;
  array_type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (array));
  COERCE_VARYING_ARRAY (array, array_type);
  if (TYPE_CODE (array_type) != TYPE_CODE_ARRAY
      && TYPE_CODE (array_type) != TYPE_CODE_STRING
      && TYPE_CODE (array_type) != TYPE_CODE_BITSTRING)
    error ("cannot take slice of non-array");
  range_type = TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (array_type);
  if (get_discrete_bounds (range_type, &lowerbound, &upperbound) < 0)
    error ("slice from bad array or bitstring");
  if (lowbound < lowerbound || length < 0
      || lowbound + length - 1 > upperbound)
    error ("slice out of range");
  /* FIXME-type-allocation: need a way to free this type when we are
     done with it.  */
  slice_range_type = create_range_type ((struct type *) NULL,
                                        TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (range_type),
                                        lowbound, lowbound + length - 1);
  if (TYPE_CODE (array_type) == TYPE_CODE_BITSTRING)
    {
      int i;
      slice_type = create_set_type ((struct type *) NULL, slice_range_type);
      TYPE_CODE (slice_type) = TYPE_CODE_BITSTRING;
      slice = value_zero (slice_type, not_lval);
      for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
        {
          int element = value_bit_index (array_type,
                                         VALUE_CONTENTS (array),
                                         lowbound + i);
          if (element < 0)
            error ("internal error accessing bitstring");
          else if (element > 0)
            {
              int j = i % TARGET_CHAR_BIT;
              if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN)
                j = TARGET_CHAR_BIT - 1 - j;
              VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (slice)[i / TARGET_CHAR_BIT] |= (1 << j);
            }
        }
      /* We should set the address, bitssize, and bitspos, so the clice
         can be used on the LHS, but that may require extensions to
         value_assign.  For now, just leave as a non_lval.  FIXME.  */
    }
  else
    {
      struct type *element_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (array_type);
      LONGEST offset
        = (lowbound - lowerbound) * TYPE_LENGTH (check_typedef (element_type));
      slice_type = create_array_type ((struct type *) NULL, element_type,
                                      slice_range_type);
      TYPE_CODE (slice_type) = TYPE_CODE (array_type);
      slice = allocate_value (slice_type);
      if (VALUE_LAZY (array))
        VALUE_LAZY (slice) = 1;
      else
        memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS (slice), VALUE_CONTENTS (array) + offset,
                TYPE_LENGTH (slice_type));
      if (VALUE_LVAL (array) == lval_internalvar)
        VALUE_LVAL (slice) = lval_internalvar_component;
      else
        VALUE_LVAL (slice) = VALUE_LVAL (array);
      VALUE_ADDRESS (slice) = VALUE_ADDRESS (array);
      VALUE_OFFSET (slice) = VALUE_OFFSET (array) + offset;
    }
  return slice;
}

/* Create a value for a FORTRAN complex number.  Currently most of
   the time values are coerced to COMPLEX*16 (i.e. a complex number
   composed of 2 doubles.  This really should be a smarter routine
   that figures out precision inteligently as opposed to assuming
   doubles. FIXME: fmb */

struct value *
value_literal_complex (struct value *arg1, struct value *arg2, struct type *type)
{
  struct value *val;
  struct type *real_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type);

  val = allocate_value (type);
  arg1 = value_cast (real_type, arg1);
  arg2 = value_cast (real_type, arg2);

  memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (val),
          VALUE_CONTENTS (arg1), TYPE_LENGTH (real_type));
  memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (val) + TYPE_LENGTH (real_type),
          VALUE_CONTENTS (arg2), TYPE_LENGTH (real_type));
  return val;
}

/* Cast a value into the appropriate complex data type. */

static struct value *
cast_into_complex (struct type *type, struct value *val)
{
  struct type *real_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type);
  if (TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (val)) == TYPE_CODE_COMPLEX)
    {
      struct type *val_real_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (VALUE_TYPE (val));
      struct value *re_val = allocate_value (val_real_type);
      struct value *im_val = allocate_value (val_real_type);

      memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (re_val),
              VALUE_CONTENTS (val), TYPE_LENGTH (val_real_type));
      memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (im_val),
              VALUE_CONTENTS (val) + TYPE_LENGTH (val_real_type),
              TYPE_LENGTH (val_real_type));

      return value_literal_complex (re_val, im_val, type);
    }
  else if (TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (val)) == TYPE_CODE_FLT
           || TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (val)) == TYPE_CODE_INT)
    return value_literal_complex (val, value_zero (real_type, not_lval), type);
  else
    error ("cannot cast non-number to complex");
}

void
_initialize_valops (void)
{
#if 0
  add_show_from_set
    (add_set_cmd ("abandon", class_support, var_boolean, (char *) &auto_abandon,
                  "Set automatic abandonment of expressions upon failure.",
                  &setlist),
     &showlist);
#endif

  add_show_from_set
    (add_set_cmd ("overload-resolution", class_support, var_boolean, (char *) &overload_resolution,
                  "Set overload resolution in evaluating C++ functions.",
                  &setlist),
     &showlist);
  overload_resolution = 1;

  add_show_from_set (
  add_set_cmd ("unwindonsignal", no_class, var_boolean,
               (char *) &unwind_on_signal_p,
"Set unwinding of stack if a signal is received while in a call dummy.\n\
The unwindonsignal lets the user determine what gdb should do if a signal\n\
is received while in a function called from gdb (call dummy).  If set, gdb\n\
unwinds the stack and restore the context to what as it was before the call.\n\
The default is to stop in the frame where the signal was received.", &setlist),
                     &showlist);

  add_show_from_set
    (add_set_cmd ("coerce-float-to-double", class_obscure, var_boolean,
                  (char *) &coerce_float_to_double,
                  "Set coercion of floats to doubles when calling functions\n"
 "Variables of type float should generally be converted to doubles before\n"
 "calling an unprototyped function, and left alone when calling a prototyped\n"
 "function.  However, some older debug info formats do not provide enough\n"
 "information to determine that a function is prototyped.  If this flag is\n"
 "set, GDB will perform the conversion for a function it considers\n"
 "unprototyped.\n"
 "The default is to perform the conversion.\n",
                  &setlist),
     &showlist);
  coerce_float_to_double = 1;
}