1 /* Caching code. Typically used by remote back ends for
4 Copyright 1992-1993, 1995, 1998-1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
6 This file is part of GDB.
8 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 GNU General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
20 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
21 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
26 #include "gdb_string.h"
30 The data cache could lead to incorrect results because it doesn't know
31 about volatile variables, thus making it impossible to debug
32 functions which use memory mapped I/O devices.
38 In general the dcache speeds up performance, some speed improvement
39 comes from the actual caching mechanism, but the major gain is in
40 the reduction of the remote protocol overhead; instead of reading
41 or writing a large area of memory in 4 byte requests, the cache
42 bundles up the requests into 32 byte (actually LINE_SIZE) chunks.
43 Reducing the overhead to an eighth of what it was. This is very
44 obvious when displaying a large amount of data,
49 ----------------------------
50 first time | 4 sec 2 sec improvement due to chunking
51 second time | 4 sec 0 sec improvement due to caching
53 The cache structure is unusual, we keep a number of cache blocks
54 (DCACHE_SIZE) and each one caches a LINE_SIZEed area of memory.
55 Within each line we remember the address of the line (always a
56 multiple of the LINE_SIZE) and a vector of bytes over the range.
57 There's another vector which contains the state of the bytes.
59 ENTRY_BAD means that the byte is just plain wrong, and has no
60 correspondence with anything else (as it would when the cache is
61 turned on, but nothing has been done to it.
63 ENTRY_DIRTY means that the byte has some data in it which should be
64 written out to the remote target one day, but contains correct
65 data. ENTRY_OK means that the data is the same in the cache as it
69 The ENTRY_DIRTY state is necessary because GDB likes to write large
70 lumps of memory in small bits. If the caching mechanism didn't
71 maintain the DIRTY information, then something like a two byte
72 write would mean that the entire cache line would have to be read,
73 the two bytes modified and then written out again. The alternative
74 would be to not read in the cache line in the first place, and just
75 write the two bytes directly into target memory. The trouble with
76 that is that it really nails performance, because of the remote
77 protocol overhead. This way, all those little writes are bundled
78 up into an entire cache line write in one go, without having to
79 read the cache line in the first place.
85 /* This value regulates the number of cache blocks stored.
86 Smaller values reduce the time spent searching for a cache
87 line, and reduce memory requirements, but increase the risk
88 of a line not being in memory */
90 #define DCACHE_SIZE 64
92 /* This value regulates the size of a cache line. Smaller values
93 reduce the time taken to read a single byte, but reduce overall
96 #define LINE_SIZE_POWER (5)
97 #define LINE_SIZE (1 << LINE_SIZE_POWER)
99 /* Each cache block holds LINE_SIZE bytes of data
100 starting at a multiple-of-LINE_SIZE address. */
102 #define LINE_SIZE_MASK ((LINE_SIZE - 1))
103 #define XFORM(x) ((x) & LINE_SIZE_MASK)
104 #define MASK(x) ((x) & ~LINE_SIZE_MASK)
107 #define ENTRY_BAD 0 /* data at this byte is wrong */
108 #define ENTRY_DIRTY 1 /* data at this byte needs to be written back */
109 #define ENTRY_OK 2 /* data at this byte is same as in memory */
114 struct dcache_block *p; /* next in list */
115 CORE_ADDR addr; /* Address for which data is recorded. */
116 char data[LINE_SIZE]; /* bytes at given address */
117 unsigned char state[LINE_SIZE]; /* what state the data is in */
119 /* whether anything in state is dirty - used to speed up the
129 /* Function to actually read the target memory. */
130 memxferfunc read_memory;
132 /* Function to actually write the target memory */
133 memxferfunc write_memory;
136 struct dcache_block *free_head;
137 struct dcache_block *free_tail;
140 struct dcache_block *valid_head;
141 struct dcache_block *valid_tail;
143 /* The cache itself. */
144 struct dcache_block *the_cache;
146 /* potentially, if the cache was enabled, and then turned off, and
147 then turned on again, the stuff in it could be stale, so this is
152 static int dcache_poke_byte (DCACHE * dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, char *ptr);
154 static int dcache_peek_byte (DCACHE * dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, char *ptr);
156 static struct dcache_block *dcache_hit (DCACHE * dcache, CORE_ADDR addr);
158 static int dcache_write_line (DCACHE * dcache, struct dcache_block *db);
160 static struct dcache_block *dcache_alloc (DCACHE * dcache, CORE_ADDR addr);
162 static int dcache_writeback (DCACHE * dcache);
164 static void dcache_info (char *exp, int tty);
166 void _initialize_dcache (void);
168 static int dcache_enabled_p = 0;
170 DCACHE *last_cache; /* Used by info dcache */
173 /* Free all the data cache blocks, thus discarding all cached data. */
176 dcache_invd (DCACHE *dcache)
179 dcache->valid_head = 0;
180 dcache->valid_tail = 0;
182 dcache->free_head = 0;
183 dcache->free_tail = 0;
185 for (i = 0; i < DCACHE_SIZE; i++)
187 struct dcache_block *db = dcache->the_cache + i;
189 if (!dcache->free_head)
190 dcache->free_head = db;
192 dcache->free_tail->p = db;
193 dcache->free_tail = db;
197 dcache->cache_has_stuff = 0;
202 /* If addr is present in the dcache, return the address of the block
205 static struct dcache_block *
206 dcache_hit (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr)
208 register struct dcache_block *db;
210 /* Search all cache blocks for one that is at this address. */
211 db = dcache->valid_head;
215 if (MASK (addr) == db->addr)
226 /* Make sure that anything in this line which needs to
230 dcache_write_line (DCACHE *dcache, register struct dcache_block *db)
237 for (s = 0; s < LINE_SIZE; s++)
239 if (db->state[s] == ENTRY_DIRTY)
242 for (e = s; e < LINE_SIZE; e++, len++)
243 if (db->state[e] != ENTRY_DIRTY)
246 /* all bytes from s..s+len-1 need to
251 int t = dcache->write_memory (db->addr + s + done,
258 memset (db->state + s, ENTRY_OK, len);
269 /* Get a free cache block, put or keep it on the valid list,
270 and return its address. */
272 static struct dcache_block *
273 dcache_alloc (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr)
275 register struct dcache_block *db;
277 if (dcache_enabled_p == 0)
280 /* Take something from the free list */
281 db = dcache->free_head;
284 dcache->free_head = db->p;
288 /* Nothing left on free list, so grab one from the valid list */
289 db = dcache->valid_head;
290 dcache->valid_head = db->p;
292 dcache_write_line (dcache, db);
295 db->addr = MASK(addr);
298 memset (db->state, ENTRY_BAD, sizeof (db->data));
300 /* append this line to end of valid list */
301 if (!dcache->valid_head)
302 dcache->valid_head = db;
304 dcache->valid_tail->p = db;
305 dcache->valid_tail = db;
311 /* Using the data cache DCACHE return the contents of the byte at
312 address ADDR in the remote machine.
314 Returns 0 on error. */
317 dcache_peek_byte (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, char *ptr)
319 register struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr);
323 || db->state[XFORM (addr)] == ENTRY_BAD)
327 dcache_write_line (dcache, db);
330 db = dcache_alloc (dcache, addr);
333 while (done < LINE_SIZE)
336 (*dcache->read_memory)
346 memset (db->state, ENTRY_OK, sizeof (db->data));
349 *ptr = db->data[XFORM (addr)];
353 /* Writeback any dirty lines to the remote. */
355 dcache_writeback (DCACHE *dcache)
357 struct dcache_block *db;
359 db = dcache->valid_head;
363 if (!dcache_write_line (dcache, db))
371 /* Write the byte at PTR into ADDR in the data cache.
372 Return zero on write error.
376 dcache_poke_byte (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, char *ptr)
378 register struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr);
382 db = dcache_alloc (dcache, addr);
385 db->data[XFORM (addr)] = *ptr;
386 db->state[XFORM (addr)] = ENTRY_DIRTY;
391 /* Initialize the data cache. */
393 dcache_init (memxferfunc reading, memxferfunc writing)
395 int csize = sizeof (struct dcache_block) * DCACHE_SIZE;
398 dcache = (DCACHE *) xmalloc (sizeof (*dcache));
399 dcache->read_memory = reading;
400 dcache->write_memory = writing;
402 dcache->the_cache = (struct dcache_block *) xmalloc (csize);
403 memset (dcache->the_cache, 0, csize);
405 dcache_invd (dcache);
411 /* Free a data cache */
413 dcache_free (DCACHE *dcache)
415 if (last_cache == dcache)
418 free (dcache->the_cache);
422 /* Read or write LEN bytes from inferior memory at MEMADDR, transferring
423 to or from debugger address MYADDR. Write to inferior if SHOULD_WRITE is
426 Returns length of data written or read; 0 for error.
428 This routine is indended to be called by remote_xfer_ functions. */
431 dcache_xfer_memory (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR memaddr, char *myaddr, int len,
436 if (dcache_enabled_p)
438 int (*xfunc) (DCACHE * dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, char *ptr);
439 xfunc = should_write ? dcache_poke_byte : dcache_peek_byte;
441 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
443 if (!xfunc (dcache, memaddr + i, myaddr + i))
446 dcache->cache_has_stuff = 1;
447 dcache_writeback (dcache);
452 xfunc = should_write ? dcache->write_memory : dcache->read_memory;
454 if (dcache->cache_has_stuff)
455 dcache_invd (dcache);
457 len = xfunc (memaddr, myaddr, len);
463 dcache_info (char *exp, int tty)
465 struct dcache_block *p;
467 if (!dcache_enabled_p)
469 printf_filtered ("Dcache not enabled\n");
472 printf_filtered ("Dcache enabled, line width %d, depth %d\n",
473 LINE_SIZE, DCACHE_SIZE);
477 printf_filtered ("Cache state:\n");
479 for (p = last_cache->valid_head; p; p = p->p)
482 printf_filtered ("Line at %s, referenced %d times\n",
483 paddr (p->addr), p->refs);
485 for (j = 0; j < LINE_SIZE; j++)
486 printf_filtered ("%02x", p->data[j] & 0xFF);
487 printf_filtered ("\n");
489 for (j = 0; j < LINE_SIZE; j++)
490 printf_filtered (" %2x", p->state[j]);
491 printf_filtered ("\n");
496 /* Turn dcache on or off. */
498 set_dcache_state (int what)
500 dcache_enabled_p = !!what;
504 _initialize_dcache (void)
507 (add_set_cmd ("remotecache", class_support, var_boolean,
508 (char *) &dcache_enabled_p,
510 Set cache use for remote targets.\n\
511 When on, use data caching for remote targets. For many remote targets\n\
512 this option can offer better throughput for reading target memory.\n\
513 Unfortunately, gdb does not currently know anything about volatile\n\
514 registers and thus data caching will produce incorrect results with\n\
515 volatile registers are in use. By default, this option is off.",
519 add_info ("dcache", dcache_info,
520 "Print information on the dcache performance.");