1 /* Caching code for GDB, the GNU debugger.
3 Copyright (C) 1992-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 This file is part of GDB.
7 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
10 (at your option) any later version.
12 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
25 #include "target-dcache.h"
27 #include "splay-tree.h"
29 /* Commands with a prefix of `{set,show} dcache'. */
30 static struct cmd_list_element *dcache_set_list = NULL;
31 static struct cmd_list_element *dcache_show_list = NULL;
33 /* The data cache could lead to incorrect results because it doesn't
34 know about volatile variables, thus making it impossible to debug
35 functions which use memory mapped I/O devices. Set the nocache
36 memory region attribute in those cases.
38 In general the dcache speeds up performance. Some speed improvement
39 comes from the actual caching mechanism, but the major gain is in
40 the reduction of the remote protocol overhead; instead of reading
41 or writing a large area of memory in 4 byte requests, the cache
42 bundles up the requests into LINE_SIZE chunks, reducing overhead
43 significantly. This is most useful when accessing a large amount
44 of data, such as when performing a backtrace.
46 The cache is a splay tree along with a linked list for replacement.
47 Each block caches a LINE_SIZE area of memory. Within each line we
48 remember the address of the line (which must be a multiple of
49 LINE_SIZE) and the actual data block.
51 Lines are only allocated as needed, so DCACHE_SIZE really specifies the
52 *maximum* number of lines in the cache.
54 At present, the cache is write-through rather than writeback: as soon
55 as data is written to the cache, it is also immediately written to
56 the target. Therefore, cache lines are never "dirty". Whether a given
57 line is valid or not depends on where it is stored in the dcache_struct;
58 there is no per-block valid flag. */
60 /* NOTE: Interaction of dcache and memory region attributes
62 As there is no requirement that memory region attributes be aligned
63 to or be a multiple of the dcache page size, dcache_read_line() and
64 dcache_write_line() must break up the page by memory region. If a
65 chunk does not have the cache attribute set, an invalid memory type
66 is set, etc., then the chunk is skipped. Those chunks are handled
67 in target_xfer_memory() (or target_xfer_memory_partial()).
69 This doesn't occur very often. The most common occurance is when
70 the last bit of the .text segment and the first bit of the .data
71 segment fall within the same dcache page with a ro/cacheable memory
72 region defined for the .text segment and a rw/non-cacheable memory
73 region defined for the .data segment. */
75 /* The maximum number of lines stored. The total size of the cache is
76 equal to DCACHE_SIZE times LINE_SIZE. */
77 #define DCACHE_DEFAULT_SIZE 4096
78 static unsigned dcache_size = DCACHE_DEFAULT_SIZE;
80 /* The default size of a cache line. Smaller values reduce the time taken to
81 read a single byte and make the cache more granular, but increase
82 overhead and reduce the effectiveness of the cache as a prefetcher. */
83 #define DCACHE_DEFAULT_LINE_SIZE 64
84 static unsigned dcache_line_size = DCACHE_DEFAULT_LINE_SIZE;
86 /* Each cache block holds LINE_SIZE bytes of data
87 starting at a multiple-of-LINE_SIZE address. */
89 #define LINE_SIZE_MASK(dcache) ((dcache->line_size - 1))
90 #define XFORM(dcache, x) ((x) & LINE_SIZE_MASK (dcache))
91 #define MASK(dcache, x) ((x) & ~LINE_SIZE_MASK (dcache))
95 /* For least-recently-allocated and free lists. */
96 struct dcache_block *prev;
97 struct dcache_block *next;
99 CORE_ADDR addr; /* address of data */
100 int refs; /* # hits */
101 gdb_byte data[1]; /* line_size bytes at given address */
107 struct dcache_block *oldest; /* least-recently-allocated list. */
109 /* The free list is maintained identically to OLDEST to simplify
110 the code: we only need one set of accessors. */
111 struct dcache_block *freelist;
113 /* The number of in-use lines in the cache. */
115 CORE_ADDR line_size; /* current line_size. */
117 /* The ptid of last inferior to use cache or null_ptid. */
121 typedef void (block_func) (struct dcache_block *block, void *param);
123 static struct dcache_block *dcache_hit (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr);
125 static int dcache_read_line (DCACHE *dcache, struct dcache_block *db);
127 static struct dcache_block *dcache_alloc (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr);
129 static void dcache_info (char *exp, int tty);
131 void _initialize_dcache (void);
133 static int dcache_enabled_p = 0; /* OBSOLETE */
136 show_dcache_enabled_p (struct ui_file *file, int from_tty,
137 struct cmd_list_element *c, const char *value)
139 fprintf_filtered (file, _("Deprecated remotecache flag is %s.\n"), value);
142 /* Add BLOCK to circular block list BLIST, behind the block at *BLIST.
143 *BLIST is not updated (unless it was previously NULL of course).
144 This is for the least-recently-allocated list's sake:
145 BLIST points to the oldest block.
146 ??? This makes for poor cache usage of the free list,
147 but is it measurable? */
150 append_block (struct dcache_block **blist, struct dcache_block *block)
154 block->next = *blist;
155 block->prev = (*blist)->prev;
156 block->prev->next = block;
157 (*blist)->prev = block;
158 /* We don't update *BLIST here to maintain the invariant that for the
159 least-recently-allocated list *BLIST points to the oldest block. */
169 /* Remove BLOCK from circular block list BLIST. */
172 remove_block (struct dcache_block **blist, struct dcache_block *block)
174 if (block->next == block)
180 block->next->prev = block->prev;
181 block->prev->next = block->next;
182 /* If we removed the block *BLIST points to, shift it to the next block
183 to maintain the invariant that for the least-recently-allocated list
184 *BLIST points to the oldest block. */
186 *blist = block->next;
190 /* Iterate over all elements in BLIST, calling FUNC.
191 PARAM is passed to FUNC.
192 FUNC may remove the block it's passed, but only that block. */
195 for_each_block (struct dcache_block **blist, block_func *func, void *param)
197 struct dcache_block *db;
205 struct dcache_block *next = db->next;
210 while (*blist && db != *blist);
213 /* BLOCK_FUNC routine for dcache_free. */
216 free_block (struct dcache_block *block, void *param)
221 /* Free a data cache. */
224 dcache_free (DCACHE *dcache)
226 splay_tree_delete (dcache->tree);
227 for_each_block (&dcache->oldest, free_block, NULL);
228 for_each_block (&dcache->freelist, free_block, NULL);
233 /* BLOCK_FUNC function for dcache_invalidate.
234 This doesn't remove the block from the oldest list on purpose.
235 dcache_invalidate will do it later. */
238 invalidate_block (struct dcache_block *block, void *param)
240 DCACHE *dcache = (DCACHE *) param;
242 splay_tree_remove (dcache->tree, (splay_tree_key) block->addr);
243 append_block (&dcache->freelist, block);
246 /* Free all the data cache blocks, thus discarding all cached data. */
249 dcache_invalidate (DCACHE *dcache)
251 for_each_block (&dcache->oldest, invalidate_block, dcache);
253 dcache->oldest = NULL;
255 dcache->ptid = null_ptid;
257 if (dcache->line_size != dcache_line_size)
259 /* We've been asked to use a different line size.
260 All of our freelist blocks are now the wrong size, so free them. */
262 for_each_block (&dcache->freelist, free_block, dcache);
263 dcache->freelist = NULL;
264 dcache->line_size = dcache_line_size;
268 /* Invalidate the line associated with ADDR. */
271 dcache_invalidate_line (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr)
273 struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr);
277 splay_tree_remove (dcache->tree, (splay_tree_key) db->addr);
278 remove_block (&dcache->oldest, db);
279 append_block (&dcache->freelist, db);
284 /* If addr is present in the dcache, return the address of the block
285 containing it. Otherwise return NULL. */
287 static struct dcache_block *
288 dcache_hit (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr)
290 struct dcache_block *db;
292 splay_tree_node node = splay_tree_lookup (dcache->tree,
293 (splay_tree_key) MASK (dcache, addr));
298 db = (struct dcache_block *) node->value;
303 /* Fill a cache line from target memory.
304 The result is 1 for success, 0 if the (entire) cache line
308 dcache_read_line (DCACHE *dcache, struct dcache_block *db)
315 struct mem_region *region;
317 len = dcache->line_size;
323 /* Don't overrun if this block is right at the end of the region. */
324 region = lookup_mem_region (memaddr);
325 if (region->hi == 0 || memaddr + len < region->hi)
328 reg_len = region->hi - memaddr;
330 /* Skip non-readable regions. The cache attribute can be ignored,
331 since we may be loading this for a stack access. */
332 if (region->attrib.mode == MEM_WO)
340 res = target_read_raw_memory (memaddr, myaddr, reg_len);
352 /* Get a free cache block, put or keep it on the valid list,
353 and return its address. */
355 static struct dcache_block *
356 dcache_alloc (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr)
358 struct dcache_block *db;
360 if (dcache->size >= dcache_size)
362 /* Evict the least recently allocated line. */
364 remove_block (&dcache->oldest, db);
366 splay_tree_remove (dcache->tree, (splay_tree_key) db->addr);
370 db = dcache->freelist;
372 remove_block (&dcache->freelist, db);
374 db = xmalloc (offsetof (struct dcache_block, data) +
380 db->addr = MASK (dcache, addr);
383 /* Put DB at the end of the list, it's the newest. */
384 append_block (&dcache->oldest, db);
386 splay_tree_insert (dcache->tree, (splay_tree_key) db->addr,
387 (splay_tree_value) db);
392 /* Using the data cache DCACHE, store in *PTR the contents of the byte at
393 address ADDR in the remote machine.
395 Returns 1 for success, 0 for error. */
398 dcache_peek_byte (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, gdb_byte *ptr)
400 struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr);
404 db = dcache_alloc (dcache, addr);
406 if (!dcache_read_line (dcache, db))
410 *ptr = db->data[XFORM (dcache, addr)];
414 /* Write the byte at PTR into ADDR in the data cache.
416 The caller should have written the data through to target memory
419 If ADDR is not in cache, this function does nothing; writing to an
420 area of memory which wasn't present in the cache doesn't cause it
424 dcache_poke_byte (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, const gdb_byte *ptr)
426 struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr);
429 db->data[XFORM (dcache, addr)] = *ptr;
433 dcache_splay_tree_compare (splay_tree_key a, splay_tree_key b)
443 /* Allocate and initialize a data cache. */
450 dcache = (DCACHE *) xmalloc (sizeof (*dcache));
452 dcache->tree = splay_tree_new (dcache_splay_tree_compare,
456 dcache->oldest = NULL;
457 dcache->freelist = NULL;
459 dcache->line_size = dcache_line_size;
460 dcache->ptid = null_ptid;
466 /* Read LEN bytes from dcache memory at MEMADDR, transferring to
467 debugger address MYADDR. If the data is presently cached, this
468 fills the cache. Arguments/return are like the target_xfer_partial
471 enum target_xfer_status
472 dcache_read_memory_partial (struct target_ops *ops, DCACHE *dcache,
473 CORE_ADDR memaddr, gdb_byte *myaddr,
474 ULONGEST len, ULONGEST *xfered_len)
478 /* If this is a different inferior from what we've recorded,
481 if (! ptid_equal (inferior_ptid, dcache->ptid))
483 dcache_invalidate (dcache);
484 dcache->ptid = inferior_ptid;
487 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
489 if (!dcache_peek_byte (dcache, memaddr + i, myaddr + i))
491 /* That failed. Discard its cache line so we don't have a
492 partially read line. */
493 dcache_invalidate_line (dcache, memaddr + i);
500 /* FIXME: We lose the real error status. */
501 return TARGET_XFER_E_IO;
506 return TARGET_XFER_OK;
510 /* FIXME: There would be some benefit to making the cache write-back and
511 moving the writeback operation to a higher layer, as it could occur
512 after a sequence of smaller writes have been completed (as when a stack
513 frame is constructed for an inferior function call). Note that only
514 moving it up one level to target_xfer_memory[_partial]() is not
515 sufficient since we want to coalesce memory transfers that are
516 "logically" connected but not actually a single call to one of the
517 memory transfer functions. */
519 /* Just update any cache lines which are already present. This is
520 called by the target_xfer_partial machinery when writing raw
524 dcache_update (DCACHE *dcache, enum target_xfer_status status,
525 CORE_ADDR memaddr, const gdb_byte *myaddr,
530 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
531 if (status == TARGET_XFER_OK)
532 dcache_poke_byte (dcache, memaddr + i, myaddr + i);
535 /* Discard the whole cache line so we don't have a partially
537 dcache_invalidate_line (dcache, memaddr + i);
541 /* Print DCACHE line INDEX. */
544 dcache_print_line (DCACHE *dcache, int index)
547 struct dcache_block *db;
552 printf_filtered (_("No data cache available.\n"));
556 n = splay_tree_min (dcache->tree);
558 for (i = index; i > 0; --i)
562 n = splay_tree_successor (dcache->tree, n->key);
567 printf_filtered (_("No such cache line exists.\n"));
571 db = (struct dcache_block *) n->value;
573 printf_filtered (_("Line %d: address %s [%d hits]\n"),
574 index, paddress (target_gdbarch (), db->addr), db->refs);
576 for (j = 0; j < dcache->line_size; j++)
578 printf_filtered ("%02x ", db->data[j]);
580 /* Print a newline every 16 bytes (48 characters). */
581 if ((j % 16 == 15) && (j != dcache->line_size - 1))
582 printf_filtered ("\n");
584 printf_filtered ("\n");
587 /* Parse EXP and show the info about DCACHE. */
590 dcache_info_1 (DCACHE *dcache, char *exp)
599 i = strtol (exp, &linestart, 10);
600 if (linestart == exp || i < 0)
602 printf_filtered (_("Usage: info dcache [linenumber]\n"));
606 dcache_print_line (dcache, i);
610 printf_filtered (_("Dcache %u lines of %u bytes each.\n"),
612 dcache ? (unsigned) dcache->line_size
615 if (dcache == NULL || ptid_equal (dcache->ptid, null_ptid))
617 printf_filtered (_("No data cache available.\n"));
621 printf_filtered (_("Contains data for %s\n"),
622 target_pid_to_str (dcache->ptid));
626 n = splay_tree_min (dcache->tree);
631 struct dcache_block *db = (struct dcache_block *) n->value;
633 printf_filtered (_("Line %d: address %s [%d hits]\n"),
634 i, paddress (target_gdbarch (), db->addr), db->refs);
636 refcount += db->refs;
638 n = splay_tree_successor (dcache->tree, n->key);
641 printf_filtered (_("Cache state: %d active lines, %d hits\n"), i, refcount);
645 dcache_info (char *exp, int tty)
647 dcache_info_1 (target_dcache_get (), exp);
651 set_dcache_size (char *args, int from_tty,
652 struct cmd_list_element *c)
654 if (dcache_size == 0)
656 dcache_size = DCACHE_DEFAULT_SIZE;
657 error (_("Dcache size must be greater than 0."));
659 target_dcache_invalidate ();
663 set_dcache_line_size (char *args, int from_tty,
664 struct cmd_list_element *c)
666 if (dcache_line_size < 2
667 || (dcache_line_size & (dcache_line_size - 1)) != 0)
669 unsigned d = dcache_line_size;
670 dcache_line_size = DCACHE_DEFAULT_LINE_SIZE;
671 error (_("Invalid dcache line size: %u (must be power of 2)."), d);
673 target_dcache_invalidate ();
677 set_dcache_command (char *arg, int from_tty)
680 "\"set dcache\" must be followed by the name of a subcommand.\n");
681 help_list (dcache_set_list, "set dcache ", -1, gdb_stdout);
685 show_dcache_command (char *args, int from_tty)
687 cmd_show_list (dcache_show_list, from_tty, "");
691 _initialize_dcache (void)
693 add_setshow_boolean_cmd ("remotecache", class_support,
694 &dcache_enabled_p, _("\
695 Set cache use for remote targets."), _("\
696 Show cache use for remote targets."), _("\
697 This used to enable the data cache for remote targets. The cache\n\
698 functionality is now controlled by the memory region system and the\n\
699 \"stack-cache\" flag; \"remotecache\" now does nothing and\n\
700 exists only for compatibility reasons."),
702 show_dcache_enabled_p,
703 &setlist, &showlist);
705 add_info ("dcache", dcache_info,
707 Print information on the dcache performance.\n\
708 With no arguments, this command prints the cache configuration and a\n\
709 summary of each line in the cache. Use \"info dcache <lineno> to dump\"\n\
710 the contents of a given line."));
712 add_prefix_cmd ("dcache", class_obscure, set_dcache_command, _("\
713 Use this command to set number of lines in dcache and line-size."),
714 &dcache_set_list, "set dcache ", /*allow_unknown*/0, &setlist);
715 add_prefix_cmd ("dcache", class_obscure, show_dcache_command, _("\
716 Show dcachesettings."),
717 &dcache_show_list, "show dcache ", /*allow_unknown*/0, &showlist);
719 add_setshow_zuinteger_cmd ("line-size", class_obscure,
720 &dcache_line_size, _("\
721 Set dcache line size in bytes (must be power of 2)."), _("\
722 Show dcache line size."),
724 set_dcache_line_size,
726 &dcache_set_list, &dcache_show_list);
727 add_setshow_zuinteger_cmd ("size", class_obscure,
729 Set number of dcache lines."), _("\
730 Show number of dcache lines."),
734 &dcache_set_list, &dcache_show_list);