1 /* Caching code for GDB, the GNU debugger.
3 Copyright (C) 1992-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 This file is part of GDB.
7 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
10 (at your option) any later version.
12 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
24 #include "target-dcache.h"
26 #include "splay-tree.h"
28 /* Commands with a prefix of `{set,show} dcache'. */
29 static struct cmd_list_element *dcache_set_list = NULL;
30 static struct cmd_list_element *dcache_show_list = NULL;
32 /* The data cache could lead to incorrect results because it doesn't
33 know about volatile variables, thus making it impossible to debug
34 functions which use memory mapped I/O devices. Set the nocache
35 memory region attribute in those cases.
37 In general the dcache speeds up performance. Some speed improvement
38 comes from the actual caching mechanism, but the major gain is in
39 the reduction of the remote protocol overhead; instead of reading
40 or writing a large area of memory in 4 byte requests, the cache
41 bundles up the requests into LINE_SIZE chunks, reducing overhead
42 significantly. This is most useful when accessing a large amount
43 of data, such as when performing a backtrace.
45 The cache is a splay tree along with a linked list for replacement.
46 Each block caches a LINE_SIZE area of memory. Within each line we
47 remember the address of the line (which must be a multiple of
48 LINE_SIZE) and the actual data block.
50 Lines are only allocated as needed, so DCACHE_SIZE really specifies the
51 *maximum* number of lines in the cache.
53 At present, the cache is write-through rather than writeback: as soon
54 as data is written to the cache, it is also immediately written to
55 the target. Therefore, cache lines are never "dirty". Whether a given
56 line is valid or not depends on where it is stored in the dcache_struct;
57 there is no per-block valid flag. */
59 /* NOTE: Interaction of dcache and memory region attributes
61 As there is no requirement that memory region attributes be aligned
62 to or be a multiple of the dcache page size, dcache_read_line() and
63 dcache_write_line() must break up the page by memory region. If a
64 chunk does not have the cache attribute set, an invalid memory type
65 is set, etc., then the chunk is skipped. Those chunks are handled
66 in target_xfer_memory() (or target_xfer_memory_partial()).
68 This doesn't occur very often. The most common occurance is when
69 the last bit of the .text segment and the first bit of the .data
70 segment fall within the same dcache page with a ro/cacheable memory
71 region defined for the .text segment and a rw/non-cacheable memory
72 region defined for the .data segment. */
74 /* The maximum number of lines stored. The total size of the cache is
75 equal to DCACHE_SIZE times LINE_SIZE. */
76 #define DCACHE_DEFAULT_SIZE 4096
77 static unsigned dcache_size = DCACHE_DEFAULT_SIZE;
79 /* The default size of a cache line. Smaller values reduce the time taken to
80 read a single byte and make the cache more granular, but increase
81 overhead and reduce the effectiveness of the cache as a prefetcher. */
82 #define DCACHE_DEFAULT_LINE_SIZE 64
83 static unsigned dcache_line_size = DCACHE_DEFAULT_LINE_SIZE;
85 /* Each cache block holds LINE_SIZE bytes of data
86 starting at a multiple-of-LINE_SIZE address. */
88 #define LINE_SIZE_MASK(dcache) ((dcache->line_size - 1))
89 #define XFORM(dcache, x) ((x) & LINE_SIZE_MASK (dcache))
90 #define MASK(dcache, x) ((x) & ~LINE_SIZE_MASK (dcache))
94 /* For least-recently-allocated and free lists. */
95 struct dcache_block *prev;
96 struct dcache_block *next;
98 CORE_ADDR addr; /* address of data */
99 int refs; /* # hits */
100 gdb_byte data[1]; /* line_size bytes at given address */
106 struct dcache_block *oldest; /* least-recently-allocated list. */
108 /* The free list is maintained identically to OLDEST to simplify
109 the code: we only need one set of accessors. */
110 struct dcache_block *freelist;
112 /* The number of in-use lines in the cache. */
114 CORE_ADDR line_size; /* current line_size. */
116 /* The ptid of last inferior to use cache or null_ptid. */
120 typedef void (block_func) (struct dcache_block *block, void *param);
122 static struct dcache_block *dcache_hit (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr);
124 static int dcache_read_line (DCACHE *dcache, struct dcache_block *db);
126 static struct dcache_block *dcache_alloc (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr);
128 static int dcache_enabled_p = 0; /* OBSOLETE */
131 show_dcache_enabled_p (struct ui_file *file, int from_tty,
132 struct cmd_list_element *c, const char *value)
134 fprintf_filtered (file, _("Deprecated remotecache flag is %s.\n"), value);
137 /* Add BLOCK to circular block list BLIST, behind the block at *BLIST.
138 *BLIST is not updated (unless it was previously NULL of course).
139 This is for the least-recently-allocated list's sake:
140 BLIST points to the oldest block.
141 ??? This makes for poor cache usage of the free list,
142 but is it measurable? */
145 append_block (struct dcache_block **blist, struct dcache_block *block)
149 block->next = *blist;
150 block->prev = (*blist)->prev;
151 block->prev->next = block;
152 (*blist)->prev = block;
153 /* We don't update *BLIST here to maintain the invariant that for the
154 least-recently-allocated list *BLIST points to the oldest block. */
164 /* Remove BLOCK from circular block list BLIST. */
167 remove_block (struct dcache_block **blist, struct dcache_block *block)
169 if (block->next == block)
175 block->next->prev = block->prev;
176 block->prev->next = block->next;
177 /* If we removed the block *BLIST points to, shift it to the next block
178 to maintain the invariant that for the least-recently-allocated list
179 *BLIST points to the oldest block. */
181 *blist = block->next;
185 /* Iterate over all elements in BLIST, calling FUNC.
186 PARAM is passed to FUNC.
187 FUNC may remove the block it's passed, but only that block. */
190 for_each_block (struct dcache_block **blist, block_func *func, void *param)
192 struct dcache_block *db;
200 struct dcache_block *next = db->next;
205 while (*blist && db != *blist);
208 /* BLOCK_FUNC routine for dcache_free. */
211 free_block (struct dcache_block *block, void *param)
216 /* Free a data cache. */
219 dcache_free (DCACHE *dcache)
221 splay_tree_delete (dcache->tree);
222 for_each_block (&dcache->oldest, free_block, NULL);
223 for_each_block (&dcache->freelist, free_block, NULL);
228 /* BLOCK_FUNC function for dcache_invalidate.
229 This doesn't remove the block from the oldest list on purpose.
230 dcache_invalidate will do it later. */
233 invalidate_block (struct dcache_block *block, void *param)
235 DCACHE *dcache = (DCACHE *) param;
237 splay_tree_remove (dcache->tree, (splay_tree_key) block->addr);
238 append_block (&dcache->freelist, block);
241 /* Free all the data cache blocks, thus discarding all cached data. */
244 dcache_invalidate (DCACHE *dcache)
246 for_each_block (&dcache->oldest, invalidate_block, dcache);
248 dcache->oldest = NULL;
250 dcache->ptid = null_ptid;
252 if (dcache->line_size != dcache_line_size)
254 /* We've been asked to use a different line size.
255 All of our freelist blocks are now the wrong size, so free them. */
257 for_each_block (&dcache->freelist, free_block, dcache);
258 dcache->freelist = NULL;
259 dcache->line_size = dcache_line_size;
263 /* Invalidate the line associated with ADDR. */
266 dcache_invalidate_line (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr)
268 struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr);
272 splay_tree_remove (dcache->tree, (splay_tree_key) db->addr);
273 remove_block (&dcache->oldest, db);
274 append_block (&dcache->freelist, db);
279 /* If addr is present in the dcache, return the address of the block
280 containing it. Otherwise return NULL. */
282 static struct dcache_block *
283 dcache_hit (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr)
285 struct dcache_block *db;
287 splay_tree_node node = splay_tree_lookup (dcache->tree,
288 (splay_tree_key) MASK (dcache, addr));
293 db = (struct dcache_block *) node->value;
298 /* Fill a cache line from target memory.
299 The result is 1 for success, 0 if the (entire) cache line
303 dcache_read_line (DCACHE *dcache, struct dcache_block *db)
310 struct mem_region *region;
312 len = dcache->line_size;
318 /* Don't overrun if this block is right at the end of the region. */
319 region = lookup_mem_region (memaddr);
320 if (region->hi == 0 || memaddr + len < region->hi)
323 reg_len = region->hi - memaddr;
325 /* Skip non-readable regions. The cache attribute can be ignored,
326 since we may be loading this for a stack access. */
327 if (region->attrib.mode == MEM_WO)
335 res = target_read_raw_memory (memaddr, myaddr, reg_len);
347 /* Get a free cache block, put or keep it on the valid list,
348 and return its address. */
350 static struct dcache_block *
351 dcache_alloc (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr)
353 struct dcache_block *db;
355 if (dcache->size >= dcache_size)
357 /* Evict the least recently allocated line. */
359 remove_block (&dcache->oldest, db);
361 splay_tree_remove (dcache->tree, (splay_tree_key) db->addr);
365 db = dcache->freelist;
367 remove_block (&dcache->freelist, db);
369 db = ((struct dcache_block *)
370 xmalloc (offsetof (struct dcache_block, data)
371 + dcache->line_size));
376 db->addr = MASK (dcache, addr);
379 /* Put DB at the end of the list, it's the newest. */
380 append_block (&dcache->oldest, db);
382 splay_tree_insert (dcache->tree, (splay_tree_key) db->addr,
383 (splay_tree_value) db);
388 /* Using the data cache DCACHE, store in *PTR the contents of the byte at
389 address ADDR in the remote machine.
391 Returns 1 for success, 0 for error. */
394 dcache_peek_byte (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, gdb_byte *ptr)
396 struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr);
400 db = dcache_alloc (dcache, addr);
402 if (!dcache_read_line (dcache, db))
406 *ptr = db->data[XFORM (dcache, addr)];
410 /* Write the byte at PTR into ADDR in the data cache.
412 The caller should have written the data through to target memory
415 If ADDR is not in cache, this function does nothing; writing to an
416 area of memory which wasn't present in the cache doesn't cause it
420 dcache_poke_byte (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, const gdb_byte *ptr)
422 struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr);
425 db->data[XFORM (dcache, addr)] = *ptr;
429 dcache_splay_tree_compare (splay_tree_key a, splay_tree_key b)
439 /* Allocate and initialize a data cache. */
444 DCACHE *dcache = XNEW (DCACHE);
446 dcache->tree = splay_tree_new (dcache_splay_tree_compare,
450 dcache->oldest = NULL;
451 dcache->freelist = NULL;
453 dcache->line_size = dcache_line_size;
454 dcache->ptid = null_ptid;
460 /* Read LEN bytes from dcache memory at MEMADDR, transferring to
461 debugger address MYADDR. If the data is presently cached, this
462 fills the cache. Arguments/return are like the target_xfer_partial
465 enum target_xfer_status
466 dcache_read_memory_partial (struct target_ops *ops, DCACHE *dcache,
467 CORE_ADDR memaddr, gdb_byte *myaddr,
468 ULONGEST len, ULONGEST *xfered_len)
472 /* If this is a different inferior from what we've recorded,
475 if (inferior_ptid != dcache->ptid)
477 dcache_invalidate (dcache);
478 dcache->ptid = inferior_ptid;
481 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
483 if (!dcache_peek_byte (dcache, memaddr + i, myaddr + i))
485 /* That failed. Discard its cache line so we don't have a
486 partially read line. */
487 dcache_invalidate_line (dcache, memaddr + i);
494 /* Even though reading the whole line failed, we may be able to
495 read a piece starting where the caller wanted. */
496 return raw_memory_xfer_partial (ops, myaddr, NULL, memaddr, len,
502 return TARGET_XFER_OK;
506 /* FIXME: There would be some benefit to making the cache write-back and
507 moving the writeback operation to a higher layer, as it could occur
508 after a sequence of smaller writes have been completed (as when a stack
509 frame is constructed for an inferior function call). Note that only
510 moving it up one level to target_xfer_memory[_partial]() is not
511 sufficient since we want to coalesce memory transfers that are
512 "logically" connected but not actually a single call to one of the
513 memory transfer functions. */
515 /* Just update any cache lines which are already present. This is
516 called by the target_xfer_partial machinery when writing raw
520 dcache_update (DCACHE *dcache, enum target_xfer_status status,
521 CORE_ADDR memaddr, const gdb_byte *myaddr,
526 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
527 if (status == TARGET_XFER_OK)
528 dcache_poke_byte (dcache, memaddr + i, myaddr + i);
531 /* Discard the whole cache line so we don't have a partially
533 dcache_invalidate_line (dcache, memaddr + i);
537 /* Print DCACHE line INDEX. */
540 dcache_print_line (DCACHE *dcache, int index)
543 struct dcache_block *db;
548 printf_filtered (_("No data cache available.\n"));
552 n = splay_tree_min (dcache->tree);
554 for (i = index; i > 0; --i)
558 n = splay_tree_successor (dcache->tree, n->key);
563 printf_filtered (_("No such cache line exists.\n"));
567 db = (struct dcache_block *) n->value;
569 printf_filtered (_("Line %d: address %s [%d hits]\n"),
570 index, paddress (target_gdbarch (), db->addr), db->refs);
572 for (j = 0; j < dcache->line_size; j++)
574 printf_filtered ("%02x ", db->data[j]);
576 /* Print a newline every 16 bytes (48 characters). */
577 if ((j % 16 == 15) && (j != dcache->line_size - 1))
578 printf_filtered ("\n");
580 printf_filtered ("\n");
583 /* Parse EXP and show the info about DCACHE. */
586 dcache_info_1 (DCACHE *dcache, const char *exp)
595 i = strtol (exp, &linestart, 10);
596 if (linestart == exp || i < 0)
598 printf_filtered (_("Usage: info dcache [LINENUMBER]\n"));
602 dcache_print_line (dcache, i);
606 printf_filtered (_("Dcache %u lines of %u bytes each.\n"),
608 dcache ? (unsigned) dcache->line_size
611 if (dcache == NULL || dcache->ptid == null_ptid)
613 printf_filtered (_("No data cache available.\n"));
617 printf_filtered (_("Contains data for %s\n"),
618 target_pid_to_str (dcache->ptid).c_str ());
622 n = splay_tree_min (dcache->tree);
627 struct dcache_block *db = (struct dcache_block *) n->value;
629 printf_filtered (_("Line %d: address %s [%d hits]\n"),
630 i, paddress (target_gdbarch (), db->addr), db->refs);
632 refcount += db->refs;
634 n = splay_tree_successor (dcache->tree, n->key);
637 printf_filtered (_("Cache state: %d active lines, %d hits\n"), i, refcount);
641 info_dcache_command (const char *exp, int tty)
643 dcache_info_1 (target_dcache_get (), exp);
647 set_dcache_size (const char *args, int from_tty,
648 struct cmd_list_element *c)
650 if (dcache_size == 0)
652 dcache_size = DCACHE_DEFAULT_SIZE;
653 error (_("Dcache size must be greater than 0."));
655 target_dcache_invalidate ();
659 set_dcache_line_size (const char *args, int from_tty,
660 struct cmd_list_element *c)
662 if (dcache_line_size < 2
663 || (dcache_line_size & (dcache_line_size - 1)) != 0)
665 unsigned d = dcache_line_size;
666 dcache_line_size = DCACHE_DEFAULT_LINE_SIZE;
667 error (_("Invalid dcache line size: %u (must be power of 2)."), d);
669 target_dcache_invalidate ();
673 set_dcache_command (const char *arg, int from_tty)
676 "\"set dcache\" must be followed by the name of a subcommand.\n");
677 help_list (dcache_set_list, "set dcache ", all_commands, gdb_stdout);
681 show_dcache_command (const char *args, int from_tty)
683 cmd_show_list (dcache_show_list, from_tty, "");
687 _initialize_dcache (void)
689 add_setshow_boolean_cmd ("remotecache", class_support,
690 &dcache_enabled_p, _("\
691 Set cache use for remote targets."), _("\
692 Show cache use for remote targets."), _("\
693 This used to enable the data cache for remote targets. The cache\n\
694 functionality is now controlled by the memory region system and the\n\
695 \"stack-cache\" flag; \"remotecache\" now does nothing and\n\
696 exists only for compatibility reasons."),
698 show_dcache_enabled_p,
699 &setlist, &showlist);
701 add_info ("dcache", info_dcache_command,
703 Print information on the dcache performance.\n\
704 Usage: info dcache [LINENUMBER]\n\
705 With no arguments, this command prints the cache configuration and a\n\
706 summary of each line in the cache. With an argument, dump\"\n\
707 the contents of the given line."));
709 add_prefix_cmd ("dcache", class_obscure, set_dcache_command, _("\
710 Use this command to set number of lines in dcache and line-size."),
711 &dcache_set_list, "set dcache ", /*allow_unknown*/0, &setlist);
712 add_prefix_cmd ("dcache", class_obscure, show_dcache_command, _("\
713 Show dcachesettings."),
714 &dcache_show_list, "show dcache ", /*allow_unknown*/0, &showlist);
716 add_setshow_zuinteger_cmd ("line-size", class_obscure,
717 &dcache_line_size, _("\
718 Set dcache line size in bytes (must be power of 2)."), _("\
719 Show dcache line size."),
721 set_dcache_line_size,
723 &dcache_set_list, &dcache_show_list);
724 add_setshow_zuinteger_cmd ("size", class_obscure,
726 Set number of dcache lines."), _("\
727 Show number of dcache lines."),
731 &dcache_set_list, &dcache_show_list);