1 /* Caching code for GDB, the GNU debugger.
3 Copyright (C) 1992-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 This file is part of GDB.
7 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
10 (at your option) any later version.
12 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
24 #include "target-dcache.h"
26 #include "splay-tree.h"
29 /* Commands with a prefix of `{set,show} dcache'. */
30 static struct cmd_list_element *dcache_set_list = NULL;
31 static struct cmd_list_element *dcache_show_list = NULL;
33 /* The data cache could lead to incorrect results because it doesn't
34 know about volatile variables, thus making it impossible to debug
35 functions which use memory mapped I/O devices. Set the nocache
36 memory region attribute in those cases.
38 In general the dcache speeds up performance. Some speed improvement
39 comes from the actual caching mechanism, but the major gain is in
40 the reduction of the remote protocol overhead; instead of reading
41 or writing a large area of memory in 4 byte requests, the cache
42 bundles up the requests into LINE_SIZE chunks, reducing overhead
43 significantly. This is most useful when accessing a large amount
44 of data, such as when performing a backtrace.
46 The cache is a splay tree along with a linked list for replacement.
47 Each block caches a LINE_SIZE area of memory. Within each line we
48 remember the address of the line (which must be a multiple of
49 LINE_SIZE) and the actual data block.
51 Lines are only allocated as needed, so DCACHE_SIZE really specifies the
52 *maximum* number of lines in the cache.
54 At present, the cache is write-through rather than writeback: as soon
55 as data is written to the cache, it is also immediately written to
56 the target. Therefore, cache lines are never "dirty". Whether a given
57 line is valid or not depends on where it is stored in the dcache_struct;
58 there is no per-block valid flag. */
60 /* NOTE: Interaction of dcache and memory region attributes
62 As there is no requirement that memory region attributes be aligned
63 to or be a multiple of the dcache page size, dcache_read_line() and
64 dcache_write_line() must break up the page by memory region. If a
65 chunk does not have the cache attribute set, an invalid memory type
66 is set, etc., then the chunk is skipped. Those chunks are handled
67 in target_xfer_memory() (or target_xfer_memory_partial()).
69 This doesn't occur very often. The most common occurance is when
70 the last bit of the .text segment and the first bit of the .data
71 segment fall within the same dcache page with a ro/cacheable memory
72 region defined for the .text segment and a rw/non-cacheable memory
73 region defined for the .data segment. */
75 /* The maximum number of lines stored. The total size of the cache is
76 equal to DCACHE_SIZE times LINE_SIZE. */
77 #define DCACHE_DEFAULT_SIZE 4096
78 static unsigned dcache_size = DCACHE_DEFAULT_SIZE;
80 /* The default size of a cache line. Smaller values reduce the time taken to
81 read a single byte and make the cache more granular, but increase
82 overhead and reduce the effectiveness of the cache as a prefetcher. */
83 #define DCACHE_DEFAULT_LINE_SIZE 64
84 static unsigned dcache_line_size = DCACHE_DEFAULT_LINE_SIZE;
86 /* Each cache block holds LINE_SIZE bytes of data
87 starting at a multiple-of-LINE_SIZE address. */
89 #define LINE_SIZE_MASK(dcache) ((dcache->line_size - 1))
90 #define XFORM(dcache, x) ((x) & LINE_SIZE_MASK (dcache))
91 #define MASK(dcache, x) ((x) & ~LINE_SIZE_MASK (dcache))
95 /* For least-recently-allocated and free lists. */
96 struct dcache_block *prev;
97 struct dcache_block *next;
99 CORE_ADDR addr; /* address of data */
100 int refs; /* # hits */
101 gdb_byte data[1]; /* line_size bytes at given address */
107 struct dcache_block *oldest; /* least-recently-allocated list. */
109 /* The free list is maintained identically to OLDEST to simplify
110 the code: we only need one set of accessors. */
111 struct dcache_block *freelist;
113 /* The number of in-use lines in the cache. */
115 CORE_ADDR line_size; /* current line_size. */
117 /* The ptid of last inferior to use cache or null_ptid. */
121 typedef void (block_func) (struct dcache_block *block, void *param);
123 static struct dcache_block *dcache_hit (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr);
125 static int dcache_read_line (DCACHE *dcache, struct dcache_block *db);
127 static struct dcache_block *dcache_alloc (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr);
129 static int dcache_enabled_p = 0; /* OBSOLETE */
132 show_dcache_enabled_p (struct ui_file *file, int from_tty,
133 struct cmd_list_element *c, const char *value)
135 fprintf_filtered (file, _("Deprecated remotecache flag is %s.\n"), value);
138 /* Add BLOCK to circular block list BLIST, behind the block at *BLIST.
139 *BLIST is not updated (unless it was previously NULL of course).
140 This is for the least-recently-allocated list's sake:
141 BLIST points to the oldest block.
142 ??? This makes for poor cache usage of the free list,
143 but is it measurable? */
146 append_block (struct dcache_block **blist, struct dcache_block *block)
150 block->next = *blist;
151 block->prev = (*blist)->prev;
152 block->prev->next = block;
153 (*blist)->prev = block;
154 /* We don't update *BLIST here to maintain the invariant that for the
155 least-recently-allocated list *BLIST points to the oldest block. */
165 /* Remove BLOCK from circular block list BLIST. */
168 remove_block (struct dcache_block **blist, struct dcache_block *block)
170 if (block->next == block)
176 block->next->prev = block->prev;
177 block->prev->next = block->next;
178 /* If we removed the block *BLIST points to, shift it to the next block
179 to maintain the invariant that for the least-recently-allocated list
180 *BLIST points to the oldest block. */
182 *blist = block->next;
186 /* Iterate over all elements in BLIST, calling FUNC.
187 PARAM is passed to FUNC.
188 FUNC may remove the block it's passed, but only that block. */
191 for_each_block (struct dcache_block **blist, block_func *func, void *param)
193 struct dcache_block *db;
201 struct dcache_block *next = db->next;
206 while (*blist && db != *blist);
209 /* BLOCK_FUNC routine for dcache_free. */
212 free_block (struct dcache_block *block, void *param)
217 /* Free a data cache. */
220 dcache_free (DCACHE *dcache)
222 splay_tree_delete (dcache->tree);
223 for_each_block (&dcache->oldest, free_block, NULL);
224 for_each_block (&dcache->freelist, free_block, NULL);
229 /* BLOCK_FUNC function for dcache_invalidate.
230 This doesn't remove the block from the oldest list on purpose.
231 dcache_invalidate will do it later. */
234 invalidate_block (struct dcache_block *block, void *param)
236 DCACHE *dcache = (DCACHE *) param;
238 splay_tree_remove (dcache->tree, (splay_tree_key) block->addr);
239 append_block (&dcache->freelist, block);
242 /* Free all the data cache blocks, thus discarding all cached data. */
245 dcache_invalidate (DCACHE *dcache)
247 for_each_block (&dcache->oldest, invalidate_block, dcache);
249 dcache->oldest = NULL;
251 dcache->ptid = null_ptid;
253 if (dcache->line_size != dcache_line_size)
255 /* We've been asked to use a different line size.
256 All of our freelist blocks are now the wrong size, so free them. */
258 for_each_block (&dcache->freelist, free_block, dcache);
259 dcache->freelist = NULL;
260 dcache->line_size = dcache_line_size;
264 /* Invalidate the line associated with ADDR. */
267 dcache_invalidate_line (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr)
269 struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr);
273 splay_tree_remove (dcache->tree, (splay_tree_key) db->addr);
274 remove_block (&dcache->oldest, db);
275 append_block (&dcache->freelist, db);
280 /* If addr is present in the dcache, return the address of the block
281 containing it. Otherwise return NULL. */
283 static struct dcache_block *
284 dcache_hit (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr)
286 struct dcache_block *db;
288 splay_tree_node node = splay_tree_lookup (dcache->tree,
289 (splay_tree_key) MASK (dcache, addr));
294 db = (struct dcache_block *) node->value;
299 /* Fill a cache line from target memory.
300 The result is 1 for success, 0 if the (entire) cache line
304 dcache_read_line (DCACHE *dcache, struct dcache_block *db)
311 struct mem_region *region;
313 len = dcache->line_size;
319 /* Don't overrun if this block is right at the end of the region. */
320 region = lookup_mem_region (memaddr);
321 if (region->hi == 0 || memaddr + len < region->hi)
324 reg_len = region->hi - memaddr;
326 /* Skip non-readable regions. The cache attribute can be ignored,
327 since we may be loading this for a stack access. */
328 if (region->attrib.mode == MEM_WO)
336 res = target_read_raw_memory (memaddr, myaddr, reg_len);
348 /* Get a free cache block, put or keep it on the valid list,
349 and return its address. */
351 static struct dcache_block *
352 dcache_alloc (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr)
354 struct dcache_block *db;
356 if (dcache->size >= dcache_size)
358 /* Evict the least recently allocated line. */
360 remove_block (&dcache->oldest, db);
362 splay_tree_remove (dcache->tree, (splay_tree_key) db->addr);
366 db = dcache->freelist;
368 remove_block (&dcache->freelist, db);
370 db = ((struct dcache_block *)
371 xmalloc (offsetof (struct dcache_block, data)
372 + dcache->line_size));
377 db->addr = MASK (dcache, addr);
380 /* Put DB at the end of the list, it's the newest. */
381 append_block (&dcache->oldest, db);
383 splay_tree_insert (dcache->tree, (splay_tree_key) db->addr,
384 (splay_tree_value) db);
389 /* Using the data cache DCACHE, store in *PTR the contents of the byte at
390 address ADDR in the remote machine.
392 Returns 1 for success, 0 for error. */
395 dcache_peek_byte (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, gdb_byte *ptr)
397 struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr);
401 db = dcache_alloc (dcache, addr);
403 if (!dcache_read_line (dcache, db))
407 *ptr = db->data[XFORM (dcache, addr)];
411 /* Write the byte at PTR into ADDR in the data cache.
413 The caller should have written the data through to target memory
416 If ADDR is not in cache, this function does nothing; writing to an
417 area of memory which wasn't present in the cache doesn't cause it
421 dcache_poke_byte (DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, const gdb_byte *ptr)
423 struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr);
426 db->data[XFORM (dcache, addr)] = *ptr;
430 dcache_splay_tree_compare (splay_tree_key a, splay_tree_key b)
440 /* Allocate and initialize a data cache. */
445 DCACHE *dcache = XNEW (DCACHE);
447 dcache->tree = splay_tree_new (dcache_splay_tree_compare,
451 dcache->oldest = NULL;
452 dcache->freelist = NULL;
454 dcache->line_size = dcache_line_size;
455 dcache->ptid = null_ptid;
461 /* Read LEN bytes from dcache memory at MEMADDR, transferring to
462 debugger address MYADDR. If the data is presently cached, this
463 fills the cache. Arguments/return are like the target_xfer_partial
466 enum target_xfer_status
467 dcache_read_memory_partial (struct target_ops *ops, DCACHE *dcache,
468 CORE_ADDR memaddr, gdb_byte *myaddr,
469 ULONGEST len, ULONGEST *xfered_len)
473 /* If this is a different inferior from what we've recorded,
476 if (inferior_ptid != dcache->ptid)
478 dcache_invalidate (dcache);
479 dcache->ptid = inferior_ptid;
482 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
484 if (!dcache_peek_byte (dcache, memaddr + i, myaddr + i))
486 /* That failed. Discard its cache line so we don't have a
487 partially read line. */
488 dcache_invalidate_line (dcache, memaddr + i);
495 /* Even though reading the whole line failed, we may be able to
496 read a piece starting where the caller wanted. */
497 return raw_memory_xfer_partial (ops, myaddr, NULL, memaddr, len,
503 return TARGET_XFER_OK;
507 /* FIXME: There would be some benefit to making the cache write-back and
508 moving the writeback operation to a higher layer, as it could occur
509 after a sequence of smaller writes have been completed (as when a stack
510 frame is constructed for an inferior function call). Note that only
511 moving it up one level to target_xfer_memory[_partial]() is not
512 sufficient since we want to coalesce memory transfers that are
513 "logically" connected but not actually a single call to one of the
514 memory transfer functions. */
516 /* Just update any cache lines which are already present. This is
517 called by the target_xfer_partial machinery when writing raw
521 dcache_update (DCACHE *dcache, enum target_xfer_status status,
522 CORE_ADDR memaddr, const gdb_byte *myaddr,
527 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
528 if (status == TARGET_XFER_OK)
529 dcache_poke_byte (dcache, memaddr + i, myaddr + i);
532 /* Discard the whole cache line so we don't have a partially
534 dcache_invalidate_line (dcache, memaddr + i);
538 /* Print DCACHE line INDEX. */
541 dcache_print_line (DCACHE *dcache, int index)
544 struct dcache_block *db;
549 printf_filtered (_("No data cache available.\n"));
553 n = splay_tree_min (dcache->tree);
555 for (i = index; i > 0; --i)
559 n = splay_tree_successor (dcache->tree, n->key);
564 printf_filtered (_("No such cache line exists.\n"));
568 db = (struct dcache_block *) n->value;
570 printf_filtered (_("Line %d: address %s [%d hits]\n"),
571 index, paddress (target_gdbarch (), db->addr), db->refs);
573 for (j = 0; j < dcache->line_size; j++)
575 printf_filtered ("%02x ", db->data[j]);
577 /* Print a newline every 16 bytes (48 characters). */
578 if ((j % 16 == 15) && (j != dcache->line_size - 1))
579 printf_filtered ("\n");
581 printf_filtered ("\n");
584 /* Parse EXP and show the info about DCACHE. */
587 dcache_info_1 (DCACHE *dcache, const char *exp)
596 i = strtol (exp, &linestart, 10);
597 if (linestart == exp || i < 0)
599 printf_filtered (_("Usage: info dcache [LINENUMBER]\n"));
603 dcache_print_line (dcache, i);
607 printf_filtered (_("Dcache %u lines of %u bytes each.\n"),
609 dcache ? (unsigned) dcache->line_size
612 if (dcache == NULL || dcache->ptid == null_ptid)
614 printf_filtered (_("No data cache available.\n"));
618 printf_filtered (_("Contains data for %s\n"),
619 target_pid_to_str (dcache->ptid).c_str ());
623 n = splay_tree_min (dcache->tree);
628 struct dcache_block *db = (struct dcache_block *) n->value;
630 printf_filtered (_("Line %d: address %s [%d hits]\n"),
631 i, paddress (target_gdbarch (), db->addr), db->refs);
633 refcount += db->refs;
635 n = splay_tree_successor (dcache->tree, n->key);
638 printf_filtered (_("Cache state: %d active lines, %d hits\n"), i, refcount);
642 info_dcache_command (const char *exp, int tty)
644 dcache_info_1 (target_dcache_get (), exp);
648 set_dcache_size (const char *args, int from_tty,
649 struct cmd_list_element *c)
651 if (dcache_size == 0)
653 dcache_size = DCACHE_DEFAULT_SIZE;
654 error (_("Dcache size must be greater than 0."));
656 target_dcache_invalidate ();
660 set_dcache_line_size (const char *args, int from_tty,
661 struct cmd_list_element *c)
663 if (dcache_line_size < 2
664 || (dcache_line_size & (dcache_line_size - 1)) != 0)
666 unsigned d = dcache_line_size;
667 dcache_line_size = DCACHE_DEFAULT_LINE_SIZE;
668 error (_("Invalid dcache line size: %u (must be power of 2)."), d);
670 target_dcache_invalidate ();
674 set_dcache_command (const char *arg, int from_tty)
677 "\"set dcache\" must be followed by the name of a subcommand.\n");
678 help_list (dcache_set_list, "set dcache ", all_commands, gdb_stdout);
682 show_dcache_command (const char *args, int from_tty)
684 cmd_show_list (dcache_show_list, from_tty, "");
688 _initialize_dcache (void)
690 add_setshow_boolean_cmd ("remotecache", class_support,
691 &dcache_enabled_p, _("\
692 Set cache use for remote targets."), _("\
693 Show cache use for remote targets."), _("\
694 This used to enable the data cache for remote targets. The cache\n\
695 functionality is now controlled by the memory region system and the\n\
696 \"stack-cache\" flag; \"remotecache\" now does nothing and\n\
697 exists only for compatibility reasons."),
699 show_dcache_enabled_p,
700 &setlist, &showlist);
702 add_info ("dcache", info_dcache_command,
704 Print information on the dcache performance.\n\
705 Usage: info dcache [LINENUMBER]\n\
706 With no arguments, this command prints the cache configuration and a\n\
707 summary of each line in the cache. With an argument, dump\"\n\
708 the contents of the given line."));
710 add_prefix_cmd ("dcache", class_obscure, set_dcache_command, _("\
711 Use this command to set number of lines in dcache and line-size."),
712 &dcache_set_list, "set dcache ", /*allow_unknown*/0, &setlist);
713 add_prefix_cmd ("dcache", class_obscure, show_dcache_command, _("\
714 Show dcachesettings."),
715 &dcache_show_list, "show dcache ", /*allow_unknown*/0, &showlist);
717 add_setshow_zuinteger_cmd ("line-size", class_obscure,
718 &dcache_line_size, _("\
719 Set dcache line size in bytes (must be power of 2)."), _("\
720 Show dcache line size."),
722 set_dcache_line_size,
724 &dcache_set_list, &dcache_show_list);
725 add_setshow_zuinteger_cmd ("size", class_obscure,
727 Set number of dcache lines."), _("\
728 Show number of dcache lines."),
732 &dcache_set_list, &dcache_show_list);