1 /* GNU/Linux on ARM target support.
3 Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005 Free Software
6 This file is part of GDB.
8 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 GNU General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
20 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
21 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
27 #include "floatformat.h"
32 #include "solib-svr4.h"
36 #include "glibc-tdep.h"
38 /* Under ARM GNU/Linux the traditional way of performing a breakpoint
39 is to execute a particular software interrupt, rather than use a
40 particular undefined instruction to provoke a trap. Upon exection
41 of the software interrupt the kernel stops the inferior with a
42 SIGTRAP, and wakes the debugger. Since ARM GNU/Linux doesn't support
43 Thumb at the moment we only override the ARM breakpoints. */
45 static const char arm_linux_arm_le_breakpoint[] = { 0x01, 0x00, 0x9f, 0xef };
47 static const char arm_linux_arm_be_breakpoint[] = { 0xef, 0x9f, 0x00, 0x01 };
49 /* Description of the longjmp buffer. */
50 #define ARM_LINUX_JB_ELEMENT_SIZE INT_REGISTER_SIZE
51 #define ARM_LINUX_JB_PC 21
53 /* Extract from an array REGBUF containing the (raw) register state
54 a function return value of type TYPE, and copy that, in virtual format,
56 /* FIXME rearnsha/2002-02-23: This function shouldn't be necessary.
57 The ARM generic one should be able to handle the model used by
58 linux and the low-level formatting of the registers should be
59 hidden behind the regcache abstraction. */
61 arm_linux_extract_return_value (struct type *type,
65 /* ScottB: This needs to be looked at to handle the different
66 floating point emulators on ARM GNU/Linux. Right now the code
67 assumes that fetch inferior registers does the right thing for
68 GDB. I suspect this won't handle NWFPE registers correctly, nor
69 will the default ARM version (arm_extract_return_value()). */
71 int regnum = ((TYPE_CODE_FLT == TYPE_CODE (type))
72 ? ARM_F0_REGNUM : ARM_A1_REGNUM);
73 memcpy (valbuf, ®buf[DEPRECATED_REGISTER_BYTE (regnum)], TYPE_LENGTH (type));
78 This function does not support passing parameters using the FPA
79 variant of the APCS. It passes any floating point arguments in the
80 general registers and/or on the stack.
82 FIXME: This and arm_push_arguments should be merged. However this
83 function breaks on a little endian host, big endian target
84 using the COFF file format. ELF is ok.
88 /* Addresses for calling Thumb functions have the bit 0 set.
89 Here are some macros to test, set, or clear bit 0 of addresses. */
90 #define IS_THUMB_ADDR(addr) ((addr) & 1)
91 #define MAKE_THUMB_ADDR(addr) ((addr) | 1)
92 #define UNMAKE_THUMB_ADDR(addr) ((addr) & ~1)
95 arm_linux_push_arguments (int nargs, struct value **args, CORE_ADDR sp,
96 int struct_return, CORE_ADDR struct_addr)
99 int argnum, argreg, nstack_size;
101 /* Walk through the list of args and determine how large a temporary
102 stack is required. Need to take care here as structs may be
103 passed on the stack, and we have to to push them. */
104 nstack_size = -4 * DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE; /* Some arguments go into A1-A4. */
106 if (struct_return) /* The struct address goes in A1. */
107 nstack_size += DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE;
109 /* Walk through the arguments and add their size to nstack_size. */
110 for (argnum = 0; argnum < nargs; argnum++)
113 struct type *arg_type;
115 arg_type = check_typedef (value_type (args[argnum]));
116 len = TYPE_LENGTH (arg_type);
118 /* ANSI C code passes float arguments as integers, K&R code
119 passes float arguments as doubles. Correct for this here. */
120 if (TYPE_CODE_FLT == TYPE_CODE (arg_type) && DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE == len)
121 nstack_size += TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT / TARGET_CHAR_BIT;
126 /* Allocate room on the stack, and initialize our stack frame
135 /* Initialize the integer argument register pointer. */
136 argreg = ARM_A1_REGNUM;
138 /* The struct_return pointer occupies the first parameter passing
141 write_register (argreg++, struct_addr);
143 /* Process arguments from left to right. Store as many as allowed
144 in the parameter passing registers (A1-A4), and save the rest on
145 the temporary stack. */
146 for (argnum = 0; argnum < nargs; argnum++)
151 enum type_code typecode;
152 struct type *arg_type, *target_type;
154 arg_type = check_typedef (value_type (args[argnum]));
155 target_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (arg_type);
156 len = TYPE_LENGTH (arg_type);
157 typecode = TYPE_CODE (arg_type);
158 val = (char *) value_contents (args[argnum]);
160 /* ANSI C code passes float arguments as integers, K&R code
161 passes float arguments as doubles. The .stabs record for
162 for ANSI prototype floating point arguments records the
163 type as FP_INTEGER, while a K&R style (no prototype)
164 .stabs records the type as FP_FLOAT. In this latter case
165 the compiler converts the float arguments to double before
166 calling the function. */
167 if (TYPE_CODE_FLT == typecode && DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE == len)
170 dblval = deprecated_extract_floating (val, len);
171 len = TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT / TARGET_CHAR_BIT;
173 deprecated_store_floating (val, len, dblval);
176 /* If the argument is a pointer to a function, and it is a Thumb
177 function, set the low bit of the pointer. */
178 if (TYPE_CODE_PTR == typecode
179 && NULL != target_type
180 && TYPE_CODE_FUNC == TYPE_CODE (target_type))
182 CORE_ADDR regval = extract_unsigned_integer (val, len);
183 if (arm_pc_is_thumb (regval))
184 store_unsigned_integer (val, len, MAKE_THUMB_ADDR (regval));
187 /* Copy the argument to general registers or the stack in
188 register-sized pieces. Large arguments are split between
189 registers and stack. */
192 int partial_len = len < DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE ? len : DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE;
194 if (argreg <= ARM_LAST_ARG_REGNUM)
196 /* It's an argument being passed in a general register. */
197 regval = extract_unsigned_integer (val, partial_len);
198 write_register (argreg++, regval);
202 /* Push the arguments onto the stack. */
203 write_memory ((CORE_ADDR) fp, val, DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE);
204 fp += DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE;
212 /* Return adjusted stack pointer. */
217 Dynamic Linking on ARM GNU/Linux
218 --------------------------------
220 Note: PLT = procedure linkage table
221 GOT = global offset table
223 As much as possible, ELF dynamic linking defers the resolution of
224 jump/call addresses until the last minute. The technique used is
225 inspired by the i386 ELF design, and is based on the following
228 1) The calling technique should not force a change in the assembly
229 code produced for apps; it MAY cause changes in the way assembly
230 code is produced for position independent code (i.e. shared
233 2) The technique must be such that all executable areas must not be
234 modified; and any modified areas must not be executed.
236 To do this, there are three steps involved in a typical jump:
240 3) using a pointer from the GOT
242 When the executable or library is first loaded, each GOT entry is
243 initialized to point to the code which implements dynamic name
244 resolution and code finding. This is normally a function in the
245 program interpreter (on ARM GNU/Linux this is usually
246 ld-linux.so.2, but it does not have to be). On the first
247 invocation, the function is located and the GOT entry is replaced
248 with the real function address. Subsequent calls go through steps
249 1, 2 and 3 and end up calling the real code.
256 This is typical ARM code using the 26 bit relative branch or branch
257 and link instructions. The target of the instruction
258 (function_call is usually the address of the function to be called.
259 In position independent code, the target of the instruction is
260 actually an entry in the PLT when calling functions in a shared
261 library. Note that this call is identical to a normal function
262 call, only the target differs.
266 The PLT is a synthetic area, created by the linker. It exists in
267 both executables and libraries. It is an array of stubs, one per
268 imported function call. It looks like this:
271 str lr, [sp, #-4]! @push the return address (lr)
272 ldr lr, [pc, #16] @load from 6 words ahead
273 add lr, pc, lr @form an address for GOT[0]
274 ldr pc, [lr, #8]! @jump to the contents of that addr
276 The return address (lr) is pushed on the stack and used for
277 calculations. The load on the second line loads the lr with
278 &GOT[3] - . - 20. The addition on the third leaves:
280 lr = (&GOT[3] - . - 20) + (. + 8)
284 On the fourth line, the pc and lr are both updated, so that:
290 NOTE: PLT[0] borrows an offset .word from PLT[1]. This is a little
291 "tight", but allows us to keep all the PLT entries the same size.
294 ldr ip, [pc, #4] @load offset from gotoff
295 add ip, pc, ip @add the offset to the pc
296 ldr pc, [ip] @jump to that address
297 gotoff: .word GOT[n+3] - .
299 The load on the first line, gets an offset from the fourth word of
300 the PLT entry. The add on the second line makes ip = &GOT[n+3],
301 which contains either a pointer to PLT[0] (the fixup trampoline) or
302 a pointer to the actual code.
306 The GOT contains helper pointers for both code (PLT) fixups and
307 data fixups. The first 3 entries of the GOT are special. The next
308 M entries (where M is the number of entries in the PLT) belong to
309 the PLT fixups. The next D (all remaining) entries belong to
310 various data fixups. The actual size of the GOT is 3 + M + D.
312 The GOT is also a synthetic area, created by the linker. It exists
313 in both executables and libraries. When the GOT is first
314 initialized , all the GOT entries relating to PLT fixups are
315 pointing to code back at PLT[0].
317 The special entries in the GOT are:
319 GOT[0] = linked list pointer used by the dynamic loader
320 GOT[1] = pointer to the reloc table for this module
321 GOT[2] = pointer to the fixup/resolver code
323 The first invocation of function call comes through and uses the
324 fixup/resolver code. On the entry to the fixup/resolver code:
328 stack[0] = return address (lr) of the function call
329 [r0, r1, r2, r3] are still the arguments to the function call
331 This is enough information for the fixup/resolver code to work
332 with. Before the fixup/resolver code returns, it actually calls
333 the requested function and repairs &GOT[n+3]. */
335 /* Fetch, and possibly build, an appropriate link_map_offsets structure
336 for ARM linux targets using the struct offsets defined in <link.h>.
337 Note, however, that link.h is not actually referred to in this file.
338 Instead, the relevant structs offsets were obtained from examining
339 link.h. (We can't refer to link.h from this file because the host
340 system won't necessarily have it, or if it does, the structs which
341 it defines will refer to the host system, not the target). */
343 static struct link_map_offsets *
344 arm_linux_svr4_fetch_link_map_offsets (void)
346 static struct link_map_offsets lmo;
347 static struct link_map_offsets *lmp = 0;
353 lmo.r_debug_size = 8; /* Actual size is 20, but this is all we
356 lmo.r_map_offset = 4;
359 lmo.link_map_size = 20; /* Actual size is 552, but this is all we
362 lmo.l_addr_offset = 0;
365 lmo.l_name_offset = 4;
368 lmo.l_next_offset = 12;
371 lmo.l_prev_offset = 16;
378 /* The constants below were determined by examining the following files
379 in the linux kernel sources:
381 arch/arm/kernel/signal.c
382 - see SWI_SYS_SIGRETURN and SWI_SYS_RT_SIGRETURN
383 include/asm-arm/unistd.h
384 - see __NR_sigreturn, __NR_rt_sigreturn, and __NR_SYSCALL_BASE */
386 #define ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR 0xef900077
387 #define ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR 0xef9000ad
389 /* arm_linux_in_sigtramp determines if PC points at one of the
390 instructions which cause control to return to the Linux kernel upon
391 return from a signal handler. FUNC_NAME is unused. */
394 arm_linux_in_sigtramp (CORE_ADDR pc, char *func_name)
398 inst = read_memory_integer (pc, 4);
400 return (inst == ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR
401 || inst == ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR);
405 /* arm_linux_sigcontext_register_address returns the address in the
406 sigcontext of register REGNO given a stack pointer value SP and
407 program counter value PC. The value 0 is returned if PC is not
408 pointing at one of the signal return instructions or if REGNO is
409 not saved in the sigcontext struct. */
412 arm_linux_sigcontext_register_address (CORE_ADDR sp, CORE_ADDR pc, int regno)
415 CORE_ADDR reg_addr = 0;
417 inst = read_memory_integer (pc, 4);
419 if (inst == ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR
420 || inst == ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR)
422 CORE_ADDR sigcontext_addr;
424 /* The sigcontext structure is at different places for the two
425 signal return instructions. For ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR,
426 it starts at the SP value. For ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR,
427 it is at SP+8. For the latter instruction, it may also be
428 the case that the address of this structure may be determined
429 by reading the 4 bytes at SP, but I'm not convinced this is
432 In any event, these magic constants (0 and 8) may be
433 determined by examining struct sigframe and struct
434 rt_sigframe in arch/arm/kernel/signal.c in the Linux kernel
437 if (inst == ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR)
438 sigcontext_addr = sp + 8;
439 else /* inst == ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR */
440 sigcontext_addr = sp + 0;
442 /* The layout of the sigcontext structure for ARM GNU/Linux is
443 in include/asm-arm/sigcontext.h in the Linux kernel sources.
445 There are three 4-byte fields which precede the saved r0
446 field. (This accounts for the 12 in the code below.) The
447 sixteen registers (4 bytes per field) follow in order. The
448 PSR value follows the sixteen registers which accounts for
449 the constant 19 below. */
451 if (0 <= regno && regno <= ARM_PC_REGNUM)
452 reg_addr = sigcontext_addr + 12 + (4 * regno);
453 else if (regno == ARM_PS_REGNUM)
454 reg_addr = sigcontext_addr + 19 * 4;
461 arm_linux_init_abi (struct gdbarch_info info,
462 struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
464 struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch);
466 tdep->lowest_pc = 0x8000;
467 if (info.byte_order == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG)
468 tdep->arm_breakpoint = arm_linux_arm_be_breakpoint;
470 tdep->arm_breakpoint = arm_linux_arm_le_breakpoint;
471 tdep->arm_breakpoint_size = sizeof (arm_linux_arm_le_breakpoint);
473 tdep->fp_model = ARM_FLOAT_FPA;
475 tdep->jb_pc = ARM_LINUX_JB_PC;
476 tdep->jb_elt_size = ARM_LINUX_JB_ELEMENT_SIZE;
478 set_solib_svr4_fetch_link_map_offsets
479 (gdbarch, arm_linux_svr4_fetch_link_map_offsets);
481 /* The following two overrides shouldn't be needed. */
482 set_gdbarch_deprecated_extract_return_value (gdbarch, arm_linux_extract_return_value);
483 set_gdbarch_deprecated_push_arguments (gdbarch, arm_linux_push_arguments);
485 /* Shared library handling. */
486 set_gdbarch_skip_trampoline_code (gdbarch, find_solib_trampoline_target);
487 set_gdbarch_skip_solib_resolver (gdbarch, glibc_skip_solib_resolver);
491 _initialize_arm_linux_tdep (void)
493 gdbarch_register_osabi (bfd_arch_arm, 0, GDB_OSABI_LINUX,