3 This is GDB, the GNU source-level debugger.
5 A summary of new features is in the file `gdb/NEWS'.
7 Check the GDB home page at http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/ for up to
8 date release information, mailing list links and archives, etc.
10 The file `gdb/PROBLEMS' contains information on problems identified
11 late in the release cycle. GDB's bug tracking data base at
12 http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/ contains a more complete list of
16 Unpacking and Installation -- quick overview
17 ==========================
19 The release is provided as a gzipped tar file called
20 'gdb-VERSION.tar.gz', where VERSION is the version of GDB.
22 The GDB debugger sources, the generic GNU include
23 files, the BFD ("binary file description") library, the readline
24 library, and other libraries all have directories of their own
25 underneath the gdb-VERSION directory. The idea is that a variety of GNU
26 tools can share a common copy of these things. Be aware of variation
27 over time--for example don't try to build GDB with a copy of bfd from
28 a release other than the GDB release (such as a binutils release),
29 especially if the releases are more than a few weeks apart.
30 Configuration scripts and makefiles exist to cruise up and down this
31 directory tree and automatically build all the pieces in the right
34 When you unpack the gdb-VERSION.tar.gz file, it will create a
35 source directory called `gdb-VERSION'.
37 You can build GDB right in the source directory:
42 cp gdb/gdb /usr/local/bin/gdb (or wherever you want)
44 However, we recommend that an empty directory be used instead.
45 This way you do not clutter your source tree with binary files
46 and will be able to create different builds with different
47 configuration options.
49 You can build GDB in any empty build directory:
53 <full path to your sources>/gdb-VERSION/configure
55 cp gdb/gdb /usr/local/bin/gdb (or wherever you want)
57 (Building GDB with DJGPP tools for MS-DOS/MS-Windows is slightly
58 different; see the file gdb-VERSION/gdb/config/djgpp/README for details.)
60 This will configure and build all the libraries as well as GDB. If
61 `configure' can't determine your system type, specify one as its
62 argument, e.g., `./configure sun4' or `./configure decstation'.
64 Make sure that your 'configure' line ends in 'gdb-VERSION/configure':
66 /berman/migchain/source/gdb-VERSION/configure # RIGHT
67 /berman/migchain/source/gdb-VERSION/gdb/configure # WRONG
69 The GDB package contains several subdirectories, such as 'gdb',
70 'bfd', and 'readline'. If your 'configure' line ends in
71 'gdb-VERSION/gdb/configure', then you are configuring only the gdb
72 subdirectory, not the whole GDB package. This leads to build errors
75 make: *** No rule to make target `../bfd/bfd.h', needed by `gdb.o'. Stop.
77 If you get other compiler errors during this stage, see the `Reporting
78 Bugs' section below; there are a few known problems.
80 GDB requires an ISO C (ANSI C) compiler. If you do not have an ISO
81 C compiler for your system, you may be able to download and install
82 the GNU CC compiler. It is available via anonymous FTP from the
83 directory `ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gcc'. GDB also requires an ISO
84 C standard library. The GDB remote server, GDBserver, builds with some
85 non-ISO standard libraries - e.g. for Windows CE.
87 GDB uses Expat, an XML parsing library, to implement some target-specific
88 features. Expat will be linked in if it is available at build time, or
89 those features will be disabled. The latest version of Expat should be
90 available from `http://expat.sourceforge.net'.
92 GDB can be used as a cross-debugger, running on a machine of one
93 type while debugging a program running on a machine of another type.
100 All the documentation for GDB comes as part of the machine-readable
101 distribution. The documentation is written in Texinfo format, which
102 is a documentation system that uses a single source file to produce
103 both on-line information and a printed manual. You can use one of the
104 Info formatting commands to create the on-line version of the
105 documentation and TeX (or `texi2roff') to typeset the printed version.
107 GDB includes an already formatted copy of the on-line Info version
108 of this manual in the `gdb/doc' subdirectory. The main Info file is
109 `gdb-VERSION/gdb/doc/gdb.info', and it refers to subordinate files
110 matching `gdb.info*' in the same directory. If necessary, you can
111 print out these files, or read them with any editor; but they are
112 easier to read using the `info' subsystem in GNU Emacs or the
113 standalone `info' program, available as part of the GNU Texinfo
116 If you want to format these Info files yourself, you need one of the
117 Info formatting programs, such as `texinfo-format-buffer' or
120 If you have `makeinfo' installed, and are in the top level GDB
121 source directory (`gdb-VERSION'), you can make the Info file by
127 If you want to typeset and print copies of this manual, you need
128 TeX, a program to print its DVI output files, and `texinfo.tex', the
129 Texinfo definitions file. This file is included in the GDB
130 distribution, in the directory `gdb-VERSION/texinfo'.
132 TeX is a typesetting program; it does not print files directly, but
133 produces output files called DVI files. To print a typeset document,
134 you need a program to print DVI files. If your system has TeX
135 installed, chances are it has such a program. The precise command to
136 use depends on your system; `lpr -d' is common; another (for PostScript
137 devices) is `dvips'. The DVI print command may require a file name
138 without any extension or a `.dvi' extension.
140 TeX also requires a macro definitions file called `texinfo.tex'.
141 This file tells TeX how to typeset a document written in Texinfo
142 format. On its own, TeX cannot read, much less typeset a Texinfo file.
143 `texinfo.tex' is distributed with GDB and is located in the
144 `gdb-VERSION/texinfo' directory.
146 If you have TeX and a DVI printer program installed, you can typeset
147 and print this manual. First switch to the `gdb' subdirectory of
148 the main source directory (for example, to `gdb-VERSION/gdb') and then type:
152 If you prefer to have the manual in PDF format, type this from the
153 `gdb/doc' subdirectory of the main source directory:
157 For this to work, you will need the PDFTeX package to be installed.
163 GDB comes with a `configure' script that automates the process of
164 preparing GDB for installation; you can then use `make' to build the
167 The GDB distribution includes all the source code you need for GDB in
168 a single directory. That directory contains:
170 `gdb-VERSION/{COPYING,COPYING.LIB}'
171 Standard GNU license files. Please read them.
174 source for the Binary File Descriptor library
176 `gdb-VERSION/config*'
177 script for configuring GDB, along with other support files
180 the source specific to GDB itself
182 `gdb-VERSION/include'
185 `gdb-VERSION/libiberty'
186 source for the `-liberty' free software library
188 `gdb-VERSION/opcodes'
189 source for the library of opcode tables and disassemblers
191 `gdb-VERSION/readline'
192 source for the GNU command-line interface
193 NOTE: The readline library is compiled for use by GDB, but will
194 not be installed on your system when "make install" is issued.
197 source for some simulators (ARM, D10V, SPARC, M32R, MIPS, PPC, V850, etc)
199 `gdb-VERSION/texinfo'
200 The `texinfo.tex' file, which you need in order to make a printed
204 Coding standards, useful files for editing GDB, and other
207 Note: the following instructions are for building GDB on Unix or
208 Unix-like systems. Instructions for building with DJGPP for
209 MS-DOS/MS-Windows are in the file gdb/config/djgpp/README.
211 The simplest way to configure and build GDB is to run `configure'
212 from the `gdb-VERSION' directory.
214 First switch to the `gdb-VERSION' source directory if you are
215 not already in it; then run `configure'.
223 Running `configure' followed by `make' builds the `bfd',
224 `readline', `mmalloc', and `libiberty' libraries, then `gdb' itself.
225 The configured source files, and the binaries, are left in the
226 corresponding source directories.
228 `configure' is a Bourne-shell (`/bin/sh') script; if your system
229 does not recognize this automatically when you run a different shell,
230 you may need to run `sh' on it explicitly:
234 If you run `configure' from a directory that contains source
235 directories for multiple libraries or programs, `configure' creates
236 configuration files for every directory level underneath (unless
237 you tell it not to, with the `--norecursion' option).
239 You can install `gdb' anywhere; it has no hardwired paths. However,
240 you should make sure that the shell on your path (named by the `SHELL'
241 environment variable) is publicly readable. Remember that GDB uses the
242 shell to start your program--some systems refuse to let GDB debug child
243 processes whose programs are not readable.
246 Compiling GDB in another directory
247 ==================================
249 If you want to run GDB versions for several host or target machines,
250 you need a different `gdb' compiled for each combination of host and
251 target. `configure' is designed to make this easy by allowing you to
252 generate each configuration in a separate subdirectory, rather than in
253 the source directory. If your `make' program handles the `VPATH'
254 feature correctly (GNU `make' and SunOS 'make' are two that should),
255 running `make' in each of these directories builds the `gdb' program
258 To build `gdb' in a separate directory, run `configure' with the
259 `--srcdir' option to specify where to find the source. (You also need
260 to specify a path to find `configure' itself from your working
261 directory. If the path to `configure' would be the same as the
262 argument to `--srcdir', you can leave out the `--srcdir' option; it
265 For example, you can build GDB in a separate
266 directory for a Sun 4 like this:
271 ../gdb-VERSION/configure
274 When `configure' builds a configuration using a remote source
275 directory, it creates a tree for the binaries with the same structure
276 (and using the same names) as the tree under the source directory. In
277 the example, you'd find the Sun 4 library `libiberty.a' in the
278 directory `gdb-sun4/libiberty', and GDB itself in `gdb-sun4/gdb'.
280 One popular reason to build several GDB configurations in separate
281 directories is to configure GDB for cross-compiling (where GDB runs on
282 one machine--the host--while debugging programs that run on another
283 machine--the target). You specify a cross-debugging target by giving
284 the `--target=TARGET' option to `configure'.
286 When you run `make' to build a program or library, you must run it
287 in a configured directory--whatever directory you were in when you
288 called `configure' (or one of its subdirectories).
290 The `Makefile' that `configure' generates in each source directory
291 also runs recursively. If you type `make' in a source directory such
292 as `gdb-VERSION' (or in a separate configured directory configured with
293 `--srcdir=PATH/gdb-VERSION'), you will build all the required libraries,
296 When you have multiple hosts or targets configured in separate
297 directories, you can run `make' on them in parallel (for example, if
298 they are NFS-mounted on each of the hosts); they will not interfere
302 Specifying names for hosts and targets
303 ======================================
305 The specifications used for hosts and targets in the `configure'
306 script are based on a three-part naming scheme, but some short
307 predefined aliases are also supported. The full naming scheme encodes
308 three pieces of information in the following pattern:
310 ARCHITECTURE-VENDOR-OS
312 For example, you can use the alias `sun4' as a HOST argument or in a
313 `--target=TARGET' option. The equivalent full name is
316 The `configure' script accompanying GDB does not provide any query
317 facility to list all supported host and target names or aliases.
318 `configure' calls the Bourne shell script `config.sub' to map
319 abbreviations to full names; you can read the script, if you wish, or
320 you can use it to test your guesses on abbreviations--for example:
326 % sh config.sub decstation
328 % sh config.sub hp300bsd
330 % sh config.sub i386v
332 % sh config.sub i786v
333 Invalid configuration `i786v': machine `i786v' not recognized
335 `config.sub' is also distributed in the GDB source directory.
341 Here is a summary of the `configure' options and arguments that are
342 most often useful for building GDB. `configure' also has several other
343 options not listed here. *note : (configure.info)What Configure Does,
344 for a full explanation of `configure'.
349 [--norecursion] [--rm]
350 [--enable-build-warnings]
355 You may introduce options with a single `-' rather than `--' if you
356 prefer; but you may abbreviate option names if you use `--'.
359 Display a quick summary of how to invoke `configure'.
362 Configure the source to install programs and files under directory
366 *Warning: using this option requires GNU `make', or another `make'
367 that compatibly implements the `VPATH' feature.*
368 Use this option to make configurations in directories separate
369 from the GDB source directories. Among other things, you can use
370 this to build (or maintain) several configurations simultaneously,
371 in separate directories. `configure' writes configuration
372 specific files in the current directory, but arranges for them to
373 use the source in the directory PATH. `configure' will create
374 directories under the working directory in parallel to the source
375 directories below PATH.
378 Configure GDB to run on the specified HOST.
380 There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
384 Same as `--host=HOST'. If you omit this, GDB will guess; it's
388 Configure only the directory level where `configure' is executed;
389 do not propagate configuration to subdirectories.
392 Remove the configuration that the other arguments specify.
394 `--enable-build-warnings'
395 When building the GDB sources, ask the compiler to warn about any
396 code which looks even vaguely suspicious. You should only using
397 this feature if you're compiling with GNU CC. It passes the
408 Treat compiler warnings as werrors. Use this only with GCC. It
409 adds the -Werror flag to the compiler, which will fail the
410 compilation if the compiler outputs any warning messages.
413 Configure GDB for cross-debugging programs running on the specified
414 TARGET. Without this option, GDB is configured to debug programs
415 that run on the same machine (HOST) as GDB itself.
417 There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
420 `--with-gdb-datadir=PATH'
421 Set the GDB-specific data directory. GDB will look here for
422 certain supporting files or scripts. This defaults to the `gdb'
423 subdirectory of `datadir' (which can be set using `--datadir').
425 `--with-relocated-sources=DIR'
426 Sets up the default source path substitution rule so that
427 directory names recorded in debug information will be
428 automatically adjusted for any directory under DIR. DIR should
429 be a subdirectory of GDB's configured prefix, the one mentioned
430 in the `--prefix' or `--exec-prefix' options to configure. This
431 option is useful if GDB is supposed to be moved to a different
432 place after it is built.
434 `--enable-64-bit-bfd'
435 Enable 64-bit support in BFD on 32-bit hosts.
438 Build GDB without the GDB/MI machine interface.
441 Build GDB with the text-mode full-screen user interface (TUI).
442 Requires a curses library (ncurses and cursesX are also
446 Build GDB with the gdbtk GUI interface. Requires TCL/Tk to be
449 `--with-libunwind-ia64'
450 Use the libunwind library for unwinding function call stack on ia64
452 See http://www.nongnu.org/libunwind/index.html for details.
455 Use the curses library instead of the termcap library, for
456 text-mode terminal operations.
458 `--enable-profiling' Enable profiling of GDB itself. Necessary if you
459 want to use the "maint set profile" command for profiling GDB.
460 Requires the functions `monstartup' and `_mcleanup' to be present
461 in the standard C library used to build GDB, and also requires a
462 compiler that supports the `-pg' option.
464 `--with-system-readline'
465 Use the readline library installed on the host, rather than the
466 library supplied as part of GDB tarball.
469 Build GDB with the libexpat library. (Done by default if
470 libexpat is installed and found at configure time.) This library
471 is used to read XML files supplied with GDB. If it is
472 unavailable, some features, such as remote protocol memory maps,
473 target descriptions, and shared library lists, that are based on
474 XML files, will not be available in GDB. If your host does not
475 have libexpat installed, you can get the latest version from
476 http://expat.sourceforge.net.
478 `--with-python[=PATH]'
479 Build GDB with Python scripting support. (Done by default if
480 libpython is present and found at configure time.) Python makes
481 GDB scripting much more powerful than the restricted CLI
482 scripting language. If your host does not have Python installed,
483 you can find it on http://www.python.org/download/. The oldest
484 version of Python supported by GDB is 2.4. The optional argument
485 PATH says where to find the Python headers and libraries; the
486 configure script will look in PATH/include for headers and in
487 PATH/lib for the libraries.
489 `--without-included-regex'
490 Don't use the regex library included with GDB (as part of the
491 libiberty library). This is the default on hosts with version 2
492 of the GNU C library.
495 Use DIR as the default system root directory for libraries whose
496 file names begin with `/lib' or `/usr/lib'. (The value of DIR
497 can be modified at run time by using the "set sysroot" command.)
498 If DIR is under the GDB configured prefix (set with `--prefix' or
499 `--exec-prefix' options), the default system root will be
500 automatically adjusted if and when GDB is moved to a different
503 `--with-system-gdbinit=FILE'
504 Configure GDB to automatically load a system-wide init file.
505 FILE should be an absolute file name. If FILE is in a directory
506 under the configured prefix, and GDB is moved to another location
507 after being built, the location of the system-wide init file will
508 be adjusted accordingly.
510 `configure' accepts other options, for compatibility with configuring
511 other GNU tools recursively; but these are the only options that affect
512 GDB or its supporting libraries.
518 The files m68k-stub.c, i386-stub.c, and sparc-stub.c are examples
519 of remote stubs to be used with remote.c. They are designed to run
520 standalone on an m68k, i386, or SPARC cpu and communicate properly
521 with the remote.c stub over a serial line.
523 The directory gdb/gdbserver/ contains `gdbserver', a program that
524 allows remote debugging for Unix applications. GDBserver is only
525 supported for some native configurations, including Sun 3, Sun 4, and
527 The file gdb/gdbserver/README includes further notes on GDBserver; in
528 particular, it explains how to build GDBserver for cross-debugging
529 (where GDBserver runs on the target machine, which is of a different
530 architecture than the host machine running GDB).
532 There are a number of remote interfaces for talking to existing ROM
533 monitors and other hardware:
535 remote-mips.c MIPS remote debugging protocol
536 remote-sds.c PowerPC SDS monitor
537 remote-sim.c Generalized simulator protocol
540 Reporting Bugs in GDB
541 =====================
543 There are several ways of reporting bugs in GDB. The prefered
544 method is to use the World Wide Web:
546 http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/
548 As an alternative, the bug report can be submitted, via e-mail, to the
549 address "bug-gdb@gnu.org".
551 When submitting a bug, please include the GDB version number, and
552 how you configured it (e.g., "sun4" or "mach386 host,
553 i586-intel-synopsys target"). Since GDB now supports so many
554 different configurations, it is important that you be precise about
555 this. If at all possible, you should include the actual banner
556 that GDB prints when it starts up, or failing that, the actual
557 configure command that you used when configuring GDB.
559 For more information on how/whether to report bugs, see the
560 Reporting Bugs chapter of the GDB manual (gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo).
563 Graphical interface to GDB -- X Windows, MS Windows
564 ==========================
566 Several graphical interfaces to GDB are available. You should
569 http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/links/
571 for an up-to-date list.
573 Emacs users will very likely enjoy the Grand Unified Debugger mode;
574 try typing `M-x gdb RET'.
578 =====================
580 There is information about writing code for GDB in the file
581 `CONTRIBUTE' and at the website:
583 http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/
585 in particular in the wiki.
587 If you are pondering writing anything but a short patch, especially
588 take note of the information about copyrights and copyright assignment.
589 It can take quite a while to get all the paperwork done, so
590 we encourage you to start that process as soon as you decide you are
591 planning to work on something, or at least well ahead of when you
592 think you will be ready to submit the patches.
598 Included with the GDB distribution is a DejaGNU based testsuite
599 that can either be used to test your newly built GDB, or for
600 regression testing a GDB with local modifications.
602 Running the testsuite requires the prior installation of DejaGNU,
603 which is generally available via ftp. The directory
604 ftp://sources.redhat.com/pub/dejagnu/ will contain a recent snapshot.
605 Once DejaGNU is installed, you can run the tests in one of the
613 (2) cd gdb-VERSION/gdb
618 (3) cd gdb-VERSION/gdb/testsuite
619 make site.exp (builds the site specific file)
620 runtest -tool gdb GDB=../gdb (or GDB=<somepath> as appropriate)
622 When using a `make'-based method, you can use the Makefile variable
623 `RUNTESTFLAGS' to pass flags to `runtest', e.g.:
625 make RUNTESTFLAGS=--directory=gdb.cp check
627 If you use GNU make, you can use its `-j' option to run the testsuite
628 in parallel. This can greatly reduce the amount of time it takes for
629 the testsuite to run. In this case, if you set `RUNTESTFLAGS' then,
630 by default, the tests will be run serially even under `-j'. You can
631 override this and force a parallel run by setting the `make' variable
632 `FORCE_PARALLEL' to any non-empty value. Note that the parallel `make
633 check' assumes that you want to run the entire testsuite, so it is not
634 compatible with some dejagnu options, like `--directory'.
636 The last method gives you slightly more control in case of problems
637 with building one or more test executables or if you are using the
638 testsuite `standalone', without it being part of the GDB source tree.
640 See the DejaGNU documentation for further details.
643 Copyright and License Notices
644 =============================
646 Most files maintained by the GDB Project contain a copyright notice
647 as well as a license notice, usually at the start of the file.
649 To reduce the length of copyright notices, consecutive years in the
650 copyright notice can be combined into a single range. For instance,
651 the following list of copyright years...
653 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991-1993, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
655 ... is abbreviated into:
657 1986, 1988-1989, 1991-1993, 1999-2000, 2007-2011
659 Every year of each range, inclusive, is a copyrightable year that
660 could be listed individually.
663 (this is for editing this file with GNU emacs)