1 README for gdb-6.2 release
2 Updated 17 July, 2004 by Andrew Cagney
4 This is GDB, the GNU source-level debugger.
6 A summary of new features is in the file `gdb/NEWS'.
8 Check the GDB home page at http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/ for up to
9 date release information, mailing list links and archives, etc.
11 The file `gdb/PROBLEMS' contains information on problems identified
12 late in the release cycle. GDB's bug tracking data base at
13 http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/ contains a more complete list of
17 Unpacking and Installation -- quick overview
18 ==========================
20 In this release, the GDB debugger sources, the generic GNU include
21 files, the BFD ("binary file description") library, the readline
22 library, and other libraries all have directories of their own
23 underneath the gdb-6.2 directory. The idea is that a variety of GNU
24 tools can share a common copy of these things. Be aware of variation
25 over time--for example don't try to build gdb with a copy of bfd from
26 a release other than the gdb release (such as a binutils release),
27 especially if the releases are more than a few weeks apart.
28 Configuration scripts and makefiles exist to cruise up and down this
29 directory tree and automatically build all the pieces in the right
32 When you unpack the gdb-6.2.tar.gz file, you'll find a directory
33 called `gdb-6.2', which contains:
35 COPYING config.sub intl missing opcodes
36 COPYING.LIB configure libiberty mkinstalldirs readline
37 Makefile.in configure.in libtool.m4 mmalloc sim
38 README djunpack.bat ltcf-c.sh move-if-change symlink-tree
39 bfd etc ltcf-cxx.sh mpw-README texinfo
40 config gdb ltcf-gcj.sh mpw-build.in utils
41 config-ml.in gettext.m4 ltconfig mpw-config.in ylwrap
42 config.guess include ltmain.sh mpw-configure
43 config.if install-sh md5.sum mpw-install
45 You can build GDB right in the source directory:
50 cp gdb/gdb /usr/local/bin/gdb (or wherever you want)
52 However, we recommend that an empty directory be used instead.
53 This way you do not clutter your source tree with binary files
54 and will be able to create different builds with different
55 configuration options.
57 You can build GDB in any empty build directory:
61 <full path to your sources>/gdb-6.2/configure
63 cp gdb/gdb /usr/local/bin/gdb (or wherever you want)
65 (Building GDB with DJGPP tools for MS-DOS/MS-Windows is slightly
66 different; see the file gdb-6.2/gdb/config/djgpp/README for details.)
68 This will configure and build all the libraries as well as GDB. If
69 `configure' can't determine your system type, specify one as its
70 argument, e.g., `./configure sun4' or `./configure decstation'.
72 Make sure that your 'configure' line ends in 'gdb-6.2/configure':
74 /berman/migchain/source/gdb-6.2/configure # RIGHT
75 /berman/migchain/source/gdb-6.2/gdb/configure # WRONG
77 The gdb package contains several subdirectories, such as 'gdb',
78 'bfd', and 'readline'. If your 'configure' line ends in
79 'gdb-6.2/gdb/configure', then you are configuring only the gdb
80 subdirectory, not the whole gdb package. This leads to build errors
83 make: *** No rule to make target `../bfd/bfd.h', needed by `gdb.o'. Stop.
85 If you get other compiler errors during this stage, see the `Reporting
86 Bugs' section below; there are a few known problems.
88 GDB requires an ISO C (ANSI C) compiler. If you do not have an ISO
89 C compiler for your system, you may be able to download and install
90 the GNU CC compiler. It is available via anonymous FTP from the
91 directory `ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gcc'.
93 GDB can be used as a cross-debugger, running on a machine of one
94 type while debugging a program running on a machine of another type.
101 All the documentation for GDB comes as part of the machine-readable
102 distribution. The documentation is written in Texinfo format, which
103 is a documentation system that uses a single source file to produce
104 both on-line information and a printed manual. You can use one of the
105 Info formatting commands to create the on-line version of the
106 documentation and TeX (or `texi2roff') to typeset the printed version.
108 GDB includes an already formatted copy of the on-line Info version
109 of this manual in the `gdb/doc' subdirectory. The main Info file is
110 `gdb-6.2/gdb/doc/gdb.info', and it refers to subordinate files
111 matching `gdb.info*' in the same directory. If necessary, you can
112 print out these files, or read them with any editor; but they are
113 easier to read using the `info' subsystem in GNU Emacs or the
114 standalone `info' program, available as part of the GNU Texinfo
117 If you want to format these Info files yourself, you need one of the
118 Info formatting programs, such as `texinfo-format-buffer' or
121 If you have `makeinfo' installed, and are in the top level GDB
122 source directory (`gdb-6.2', in the case of version 6.2), you can make
123 the Info file by typing:
128 If you want to typeset and print copies of this manual, you need
129 TeX, a program to print its DVI output files, and `texinfo.tex', the
130 Texinfo definitions file. This file is included in the GDB
131 distribution, in the directory `gdb-6.2/texinfo'.
133 TeX is a typesetting program; it does not print files directly, but
134 produces output files called DVI files. To print a typeset document,
135 you need a program to print DVI files. If your system has TeX
136 installed, chances are it has such a program. The precise command to
137 use depends on your system; `lpr -d' is common; another (for PostScript
138 devices) is `dvips'. The DVI print command may require a file name
139 without any extension or a `.dvi' extension.
141 TeX also requires a macro definitions file called `texinfo.tex'.
142 This file tells TeX how to typeset a document written in Texinfo
143 format. On its own, TeX cannot read, much less typeset a Texinfo file.
144 `texinfo.tex' is distributed with GDB and is located in the
145 `gdb-6.2/texinfo' directory.
147 If you have TeX and a DVI printer program installed, you can typeset
148 and print this manual. First switch to the the `gdb' subdirectory of
149 the main source directory (for example, to `gdb-6.2/gdb') and then type:
153 If you prefer to have the manual in PDF format, type this from the
154 `gdb/doc' subdirectory of the main source directory:
158 For this to work, you will need the PDFTeX package to be installed.
164 GDB comes with a `configure' script that automates the process of
165 preparing GDB for installation; you can then use `make' to build the
168 The GDB distribution includes all the source code you need for GDB in
169 a single directory, whose name is usually composed by appending the
170 version number to `gdb'.
172 For example, the GDB version 6.2 distribution is in the `gdb-6.2'
173 directory. That directory contains:
175 `gdb-6.2/{COPYING,COPYING.LIB}'
176 Standard GNU license files. Please read them.
179 source for the Binary File Descriptor library
182 script for configuring GDB, along with other support files
185 the source specific to GDB itself
191 source for the `-liberty' free software library
194 source for the GNU memory-mapped malloc package
197 source for the library of opcode tables and disassemblers
200 source for the GNU command-line interface
201 NOTE: The readline library is compiled for use by GDB, but will
202 not be installed on your system when "make install" is issued.
205 source for some simulators (ARM, D10V, SPARC, M32R, MIPS, PPC, V850, etc)
208 source for the GNU gettext library, for internationalization.
209 This is slightly modified from the standalone gettext
210 distribution you can get from GNU.
213 The `texinfo.tex' file, which you need in order to make a printed
217 Coding standards, useful files for editing GDB, and other
221 A grab bag of random utilities.
223 Note: the following instructions are for building GDB on Unix or
224 Unix-like systems. Instructions for building with DJGPP for
225 MS-DOS/MS-Windows are in the file gdb/config/djgpp/README.
227 The simplest way to configure and build GDB is to run `configure'
228 from the `gdb-VERSION-NUMBER' source directory, which in this example
229 is the `gdb-6.2' directory.
231 First switch to the `gdb-VERSION-NUMBER' source directory if you are
232 not already in it; then run `configure'.
240 Running `configure' followed by `make' builds the `bfd',
241 `readline', `mmalloc', and `libiberty' libraries, then `gdb' itself.
242 The configured source files, and the binaries, are left in the
243 corresponding source directories.
245 `configure' is a Bourne-shell (`/bin/sh') script; if your system
246 does not recognize this automatically when you run a different shell,
247 you may need to run `sh' on it explicitly:
251 If you run `configure' from a directory that contains source
252 directories for multiple libraries or programs, such as the `gdb-6.2'
253 source directory for version 6.2, `configure' creates configuration
254 files for every directory level underneath (unless you tell it not to,
255 with the `--norecursion' option).
257 You can run the `configure' script from any of the subordinate
258 directories in the GDB distribution, if you only want to configure that
259 subdirectory; but be sure to specify a path to it.
261 For example, with version 6.2, type the following to configure only
262 the `bfd' subdirectory:
267 You can install `gdb' anywhere; it has no hardwired paths. However,
268 you should make sure that the shell on your path (named by the `SHELL'
269 environment variable) is publicly readable. Remember that GDB uses the
270 shell to start your program--some systems refuse to let GDB debug child
271 processes whose programs are not readable.
274 Compiling GDB in another directory
275 ==================================
277 If you want to run GDB versions for several host or target machines,
278 you need a different `gdb' compiled for each combination of host and
279 target. `configure' is designed to make this easy by allowing you to
280 generate each configuration in a separate subdirectory, rather than in
281 the source directory. If your `make' program handles the `VPATH'
282 feature correctly (GNU `make' and SunOS 'make' are two that should),
283 running `make' in each of these directories builds the `gdb' program
286 To build `gdb' in a separate directory, run `configure' with the
287 `--srcdir' option to specify where to find the source. (You also need
288 to specify a path to find `configure' itself from your working
289 directory. If the path to `configure' would be the same as the
290 argument to `--srcdir', you can leave out the `--srcdir' option; it
293 For example, with version 6.2, you can build GDB in a separate
294 directory for a Sun 4 like this:
302 When `configure' builds a configuration using a remote source
303 directory, it creates a tree for the binaries with the same structure
304 (and using the same names) as the tree under the source directory. In
305 the example, you'd find the Sun 4 library `libiberty.a' in the
306 directory `gdb-sun4/libiberty', and GDB itself in `gdb-sun4/gdb'.
308 One popular reason to build several GDB configurations in separate
309 directories is to configure GDB for cross-compiling (where GDB runs on
310 one machine--the host--while debugging programs that run on another
311 machine--the target). You specify a cross-debugging target by giving
312 the `--target=TARGET' option to `configure'.
314 When you run `make' to build a program or library, you must run it
315 in a configured directory--whatever directory you were in when you
316 called `configure' (or one of its subdirectories).
318 The `Makefile' that `configure' generates in each source directory
319 also runs recursively. If you type `make' in a source directory such
320 as `gdb-6.2' (or in a separate configured directory configured with
321 `--srcdir=PATH/gdb-6.2'), you will build all the required libraries,
324 When you have multiple hosts or targets configured in separate
325 directories, you can run `make' on them in parallel (for example, if
326 they are NFS-mounted on each of the hosts); they will not interfere
330 Specifying names for hosts and targets
331 ======================================
333 The specifications used for hosts and targets in the `configure'
334 script are based on a three-part naming scheme, but some short
335 predefined aliases are also supported. The full naming scheme encodes
336 three pieces of information in the following pattern:
338 ARCHITECTURE-VENDOR-OS
340 For example, you can use the alias `sun4' as a HOST argument or in a
341 `--target=TARGET' option. The equivalent full name is
344 The `configure' script accompanying GDB does not provide any query
345 facility to list all supported host and target names or aliases.
346 `configure' calls the Bourne shell script `config.sub' to map
347 abbreviations to full names; you can read the script, if you wish, or
348 you can use it to test your guesses on abbreviations--for example:
354 % sh config.sub decstation
356 % sh config.sub hp300bsd
358 % sh config.sub i386v
360 % sh config.sub i786v
361 Invalid configuration `i786v': machine `i786v' not recognized
363 `config.sub' is also distributed in the GDB source directory
364 (`gdb-6.2', for version 6.2).
370 Here is a summary of the `configure' options and arguments that are
371 most often useful for building GDB. `configure' also has several other
372 options not listed here. *note : (configure.info)What Configure Does,
373 for a full explanation of `configure'.
378 [--norecursion] [--rm]
379 [--enable-build-warnings]
384 You may introduce options with a single `-' rather than `--' if you
385 prefer; but you may abbreviate option names if you use `--'.
388 Display a quick summary of how to invoke `configure'.
391 Configure the source to install programs and files under directory
395 *Warning: using this option requires GNU `make', or another `make'
396 that compatibly implements the `VPATH' feature.*
397 Use this option to make configurations in directories separate
398 from the GDB source directories. Among other things, you can use
399 this to build (or maintain) several configurations simultaneously,
400 in separate directories. `configure' writes configuration
401 specific files in the current directory, but arranges for them to
402 use the source in the directory PATH. `configure' will create
403 directories under the working directory in parallel to the source
404 directories below PATH.
407 Configure only the directory level where `configure' is executed;
408 do not propagate configuration to subdirectories.
411 Remove the configuration that the other arguments specify.
413 `--enable-build-warnings'
414 When building the GDB sources, ask the compiler to warn about any
415 code which looks even vaguely suspicious. You should only using
416 this feature if you're compiling with GNU CC. It passes the
427 Configure GDB for cross-debugging programs running on the specified
428 TARGET. Without this option, GDB is configured to debug programs
429 that run on the same machine (HOST) as GDB itself.
431 There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
435 Configure GDB to run on the specified HOST.
437 There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
441 Same as `--host=HOST'. If you omit this, GDB will guess; it's
444 `configure' accepts other options, for compatibility with configuring
445 other GNU tools recursively; but these are the only options that affect
446 GDB or its supporting libraries.
452 The files m68k-stub.c, i386-stub.c, and sparc-stub.c are examples
453 of remote stubs to be used with remote.c. They are designed to run
454 standalone on an m68k, i386, or SPARC cpu and communicate properly
455 with the remote.c stub over a serial line.
457 The directory gdb/gdbserver/ contains `gdbserver', a program that
458 allows remote debugging for Unix applications. gdbserver is only
459 supported for some native configurations, including Sun 3, Sun 4, and
462 There are a number of remote interfaces for talking to existing ROM
463 monitors and other hardware:
465 remote-e7000.c Renesas E7000 ICE
466 remote-est.c EST emulator
467 remote-hms.c Renesas Micro Systems H8/300 monitor
468 remote-mips.c MIPS remote debugging protocol
469 remote-rdi.c ARM with Angel monitor
470 remote-rdp.c ARM with Demon monitor
471 remote-sds.c PowerPC SDS monitor
472 remote-sim.c Generalized simulator protocol
473 remote-st.c Tandem ST-2000 monitor
474 remote-vx.c VxWorks realtime kernel
476 Remote-vx.c and the vx-share subdirectory contain a remote
477 interface for the VxWorks realtime kernel, which communicates over TCP
478 using the Sun RPC library. This would be a useful starting point for
479 other remote- via-ethernet back ends.
482 Reporting Bugs in GDB
483 =====================
485 There are several ways of reporting bugs in GDB. The prefered
486 method is to use the World Wide Web:
488 http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/
490 As an alternative, the bug report can be submitted, via e-mail, to the
491 address "bug-gdb@gnu.org".
493 When submitting a bug, please include the GDB version number (e.g.,
494 gdb-6.2), and how you configured it (e.g., "sun4" or "mach386 host,
495 i586-intel-synopsys target"). Since GDB now supports so many
496 different configurations, it is important that you be precise about
497 this. If at all possible, you should include the actual banner that
498 GDB prints when it starts up, or failing that, the actual configure
499 command that you used when configuring GDB.
501 For more information on how/whether to report bugs, see the
502 Reporting Bugs chapter of the GDB manual (gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo).
505 Graphical interface to GDB -- X Windows, MS Windows
506 ==========================
508 Several graphical interfaces to GDB are available. You should
511 http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/links/
513 for an up-to-date list.
515 Emacs users will very likely enjoy the Grand Unified Debugger mode;
516 try typing `M-x gdb RET'.
520 =====================
522 There is a lot of information about writing code for GDB in the
523 internals manual, distributed with GDB in gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo. You
524 can read it by hand, print it by using TeX and texinfo, or process it
525 into an `info' file for use with Emacs' info mode or the standalone
528 If you are pondering writing anything but a short patch, especially
529 take note of the information about copyrights in the node Submitting
530 Patches. It can take quite a while to get all the paperwork done, so
531 we encourage you to start that process as soon as you decide you are
532 planning to work on something, or at least well ahead of when you
533 think you will be ready to submit the patches.
539 Included with the GDB distribution is a DejaGNU based testsuite
540 that can either be used to test your newly built GDB, or for
541 regression testing a GDB with local modifications.
543 Running the testsuite requires the prior installation of DejaGNU,
544 which is generally available via ftp. The directory
545 ftp://sources.redhat.com/pub/dejagnu/ will contain a recent snapshot.
546 Once DejaGNU is installed, you can run the tests in one of the
559 (3) cd gdb-6.2/gdb/testsuite
560 make site.exp (builds the site specific file)
561 runtest -tool gdb GDB=../gdb (or GDB=<somepath> as appropriate)
563 The last method gives you slightly more control in case of problems
564 with building one or more test executables or if you are using the
565 testsuite `standalone', without it being part of the GDB source tree.
567 See the DejaGNU documentation for further details.
570 (this is for editing this file with GNU emacs)