1 /* ehopt.c--optimize gcc exception frame information.
2 Copyright (C) 1998-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 Written by Ian Lance Taylor <ian@cygnus.com>.
5 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
7 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
12 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
19 Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
25 /* We include this ELF file, even though we may not be assembling for
26 ELF, since the exception frame information is always in a format
27 derived from DWARF. */
31 /* Try to optimize gcc 2.8 exception frame information.
33 Exception frame information is emitted for every function in the
34 .eh_frame or .debug_frame sections. Simple information for a function
35 with no exceptions looks like this:
38 .4byte .LLCIE1 / Length of Common Information Entry
41 .4byte 0x0 / CIE Identifier Tag
43 .4byte 0xffffffff / CIE Identifier Tag
45 .byte 0x1 / CIE Version
46 .byte 0x0 / CIE Augmentation (none)
47 .byte 0x1 / ULEB128 0x1 (CIE Code Alignment Factor)
48 .byte 0x7c / SLEB128 -4 (CIE Data Alignment Factor)
49 .byte 0x8 / CIE RA Column
50 .byte 0xc / DW_CFA_def_cfa
51 .byte 0x4 / ULEB128 0x4
52 .byte 0x4 / ULEB128 0x4
53 .byte 0x88 / DW_CFA_offset, column 0x8
54 .byte 0x1 / ULEB128 0x1
57 .set .LLCIE1,.LECIE1-.LSCIE1 / CIE Length Symbol
58 .4byte .LLFDE1 / FDE Length
60 .4byte .LSFDE1-__FRAME_BEGIN__ / FDE CIE offset
61 .4byte .LFB1 / FDE initial location
62 .4byte .LFE1-.LFB1 / FDE address range
63 .byte 0x4 / DW_CFA_advance_loc4
65 .byte 0xe / DW_CFA_def_cfa_offset
66 .byte 0x8 / ULEB128 0x8
67 .byte 0x85 / DW_CFA_offset, column 0x5
68 .byte 0x2 / ULEB128 0x2
69 .byte 0x4 / DW_CFA_advance_loc4
71 .byte 0xd / DW_CFA_def_cfa_register
72 .byte 0x5 / ULEB128 0x5
73 .byte 0x4 / DW_CFA_advance_loc4
75 .byte 0x2e / DW_CFA_GNU_args_size
76 .byte 0x4 / ULEB128 0x4
77 .byte 0x4 / DW_CFA_advance_loc4
79 .byte 0x2e / DW_CFA_GNU_args_size
80 .byte 0x0 / ULEB128 0x0
83 .set .LLFDE1,.LEFDE1-.LSFDE1 / FDE Length Symbol
85 The immediate issue we can address in the assembler is the
86 DW_CFA_advance_loc4 followed by a four byte value. The value is
87 the difference of two addresses in the function. Since gcc does
88 not know this value, it always uses four bytes. We will know the
89 value at the end of assembly, so we can do better. */
93 unsigned code_alignment;
97 static int get_cie_info (struct cie_info *);
99 /* Extract information from the CIE. */
102 get_cie_info (struct cie_info *info)
108 char augmentation[10];
110 int code_alignment = 0;
112 /* We should find the CIE at the start of the section. */
114 f = seg_info (now_seg)->frchainP->frch_root;
115 fix = seg_info (now_seg)->frchainP->fix_root;
117 /* Look through the frags of the section to find the code alignment. */
119 /* First make sure that the CIE Identifier Tag is 0/-1. */
121 if (strncmp (segment_name (now_seg), ".debug_frame", 12) == 0)
127 while (f != NULL && offset >= f->fr_fix)
133 || f->fr_fix - offset < 4
134 || f->fr_literal[offset] != CIE_id
135 || f->fr_literal[offset + 1] != CIE_id
136 || f->fr_literal[offset + 2] != CIE_id
137 || f->fr_literal[offset + 3] != CIE_id)
140 /* Next make sure the CIE version number is 1. */
143 while (f != NULL && offset >= f->fr_fix)
149 || f->fr_fix - offset < 1
150 || f->fr_literal[offset] != 1)
153 /* Skip the augmentation (a null terminated string). */
159 while (f != NULL && offset >= f->fr_fix)
167 while (offset < f->fr_fix && f->fr_literal[offset] != '\0')
169 if ((size_t) iaug < (sizeof augmentation) - 1)
171 augmentation[iaug] = f->fr_literal[offset];
176 if (offset < f->fr_fix)
180 while (f != NULL && offset >= f->fr_fix)
188 augmentation[iaug] = '\0';
189 if (augmentation[0] == '\0')
191 /* No augmentation. */
193 else if (strcmp (augmentation, "eh") == 0)
195 /* We have to skip a pointer. Unfortunately, we don't know how
196 large it is. We find out by looking for a matching fixup. */
198 && (fix->fx_frag != f || fix->fx_where != offset))
203 offset += fix->fx_size;
204 while (f != NULL && offset >= f->fr_fix)
212 else if (augmentation[0] != 'z')
215 /* We're now at the code alignment factor, which is a ULEB128. If
216 it isn't a single byte, forget it. */
218 code_alignment = f->fr_literal[offset] & 0xff;
219 if ((code_alignment & 0x80) != 0)
222 info->code_alignment = code_alignment;
223 info->z_augmentation = (augmentation[0] == 'z');
232 state_saw_cie_offset,
234 state_seeing_aug_size,
241 /* This function is called from emit_expr. It looks for cases which
244 Rather than try to parse all this information as we read it, we
245 look for a single byte DW_CFA_advance_loc4 followed by a 4 byte
246 difference. We turn that into a rs_cfa_advance frag, and handle
247 those frags at the end of the assembly. If the gcc output changes
248 somewhat, this optimization may stop working.
250 This function returns non-zero if it handled the expression and
251 emit_expr should not do anything, or zero otherwise. It can also
252 change *EXP and *PNBYTES. */
255 check_eh_frame (expressionS *exp, unsigned int *pnbytes)
259 enum frame_state state;
262 struct cie_info cie_info;
264 symbolS *size_end_sym;
272 static struct frame_data eh_frame_data;
273 static struct frame_data debug_frame_data;
274 struct frame_data *d;
276 /* Don't optimize. */
277 if (flag_traditional_format)
280 #ifdef md_allow_eh_opt
281 if (! md_allow_eh_opt)
285 /* Select the proper section data. */
286 if (strncmp (segment_name (now_seg), ".eh_frame", 9) == 0
287 && segment_name (now_seg)[9] != '_')
289 else if (strncmp (segment_name (now_seg), ".debug_frame", 12) == 0)
290 d = &debug_frame_data;
294 if (d->state >= state_saw_size && S_IS_DEFINED (d->size_end_sym))
296 /* We have come to the end of the CIE or FDE. See below where
297 we set saw_size. We must check this first because we may now
298 be looking at the next size. */
299 d->state = state_idle;
307 /* This might be the size of the CIE or FDE. We want to know
308 the size so that we don't accidentally optimize across an FDE
309 boundary. We recognize the size in one of two forms: a
310 symbol which will later be defined as a difference, or a
311 subtraction of two symbols. Either way, we can tell when we
312 are at the end of the FDE because the symbol becomes defined
313 (in the case of a subtraction, the end symbol, from which the
314 start symbol is being subtracted). Other ways of describing
315 the size will not be optimized. */
316 if ((exp->X_op == O_symbol || exp->X_op == O_subtract)
317 && ! S_IS_DEFINED (exp->X_add_symbol))
319 d->state = state_saw_size;
320 d->size_end_sym = exp->X_add_symbol;
326 case state_saw_cie_offset:
327 /* Assume whatever form it appears in, it appears atomically. */
328 d->state = (enum frame_state) (d->state + 1);
331 case state_saw_pc_begin:
332 /* Decide whether we should see an augmentation. */
334 && ! (d->cie_info_ok = get_cie_info (&d->cie_info)))
335 d->state = state_error;
336 else if (d->cie_info.z_augmentation)
338 d->state = state_seeing_aug_size;
343 d->state = state_wait_loc4;
346 case state_seeing_aug_size:
347 /* Bytes == -1 means this comes from an leb128 directive. */
348 if ((int)*pnbytes == -1 && exp->X_op == O_constant)
350 d->aug_size = exp->X_add_number;
351 d->state = state_skipping_aug;
353 else if (*pnbytes == 1 && exp->X_op == O_constant)
355 unsigned char byte = exp->X_add_number;
356 d->aug_size |= (byte & 0x7f) << d->aug_shift;
358 if ((byte & 0x80) == 0)
359 d->state = state_skipping_aug;
362 d->state = state_error;
363 if (d->state == state_skipping_aug && d->aug_size == 0)
364 d->state = state_wait_loc4;
367 case state_skipping_aug:
368 if ((int)*pnbytes < 0)
369 d->state = state_error;
372 int left = (d->aug_size -= *pnbytes);
374 d->state = state_wait_loc4;
376 d->state = state_error;
380 case state_wait_loc4:
382 && exp->X_op == O_constant
383 && exp->X_add_number == DW_CFA_advance_loc4)
385 /* This might be a DW_CFA_advance_loc4. Record the frag and the
386 position within the frag, so that we can change it later. */
388 d->state = state_saw_loc4;
389 d->loc4_frag = frag_now;
390 d->loc4_fix = frag_now_fix ();
395 d->state = state_wait_loc4;
398 if (exp->X_op == O_constant)
400 /* This is a case which we can optimize. The two symbols being
401 subtracted were in the same frag and the expression was
402 reduced to a constant. We can do the optimization entirely
404 if (exp->X_add_number < 0x40)
406 d->loc4_frag->fr_literal[d->loc4_fix]
407 = DW_CFA_advance_loc | exp->X_add_number;
408 /* No more bytes needed. */
411 else if (exp->X_add_number < 0x100)
413 d->loc4_frag->fr_literal[d->loc4_fix] = DW_CFA_advance_loc1;
416 else if (exp->X_add_number < 0x10000)
418 d->loc4_frag->fr_literal[d->loc4_fix] = DW_CFA_advance_loc2;
422 else if (exp->X_op == O_subtract && d->cie_info.code_alignment == 1)
424 /* This is a case we can optimize. The expression was not
425 reduced, so we can not finish the optimization until the end
426 of the assembly. We set up a variant frag which we handle
428 frag_var (rs_cfa, 4, 0, 1 << 3, make_expr_symbol (exp),
429 d->loc4_fix, (char *) d->loc4_frag);
432 else if ((exp->X_op == O_divide
433 || exp->X_op == O_right_shift)
434 && d->cie_info.code_alignment > 1)
436 if (symbol_symbolS (exp->X_add_symbol)
437 && symbol_constant_p (exp->X_op_symbol)
438 && S_GET_SEGMENT (exp->X_op_symbol) == absolute_section
439 && ((exp->X_op == O_divide
440 ? *symbol_X_add_number (exp->X_op_symbol)
441 : (offsetT) 1 << *symbol_X_add_number (exp->X_op_symbol))
442 == (offsetT) d->cie_info.code_alignment))
446 symval = symbol_get_value_expression (exp->X_add_symbol);
447 if (symval->X_op == O_subtract)
449 /* This is a case we can optimize as well. The
450 expression was not reduced, so we can not finish
451 the optimization until the end of the assembly.
452 We set up a variant frag which we handle later. */
453 frag_var (rs_cfa, 4, 0, d->cie_info.code_alignment << 3,
454 make_expr_symbol (symval),
455 d->loc4_fix, (char *) d->loc4_frag);
463 /* Just skipping everything. */
470 /* The function estimates the size of a rs_cfa variant frag based on
471 the current values of the symbols. It is called before the
472 relaxation loop. We set fr_subtype{0:2} to the expected length. */
475 eh_frame_estimate_size_before_relax (fragS *frag)
478 int ca = frag->fr_subtype >> 3;
481 diff = resolve_symbol_value (frag->fr_symbol);
487 else if (diff < 0x100)
489 else if (diff < 0x10000)
494 frag->fr_subtype = (frag->fr_subtype & ~7) | ret;
499 /* This function relaxes a rs_cfa variant frag based on the current
500 values of the symbols. fr_subtype{0:2} is the current length of
501 the frag. This returns the change in frag length. */
504 eh_frame_relax_frag (fragS *frag)
506 int oldsize, newsize;
508 oldsize = frag->fr_subtype & 7;
509 newsize = eh_frame_estimate_size_before_relax (frag);
510 return newsize - oldsize;
513 /* This function converts a rs_cfa variant frag into a normal fill
514 frag. This is called after all relaxation has been done.
515 fr_subtype{0:2} will be the desired length of the frag. */
518 eh_frame_convert_frag (fragS *frag)
524 loc4_frag = (fragS *) frag->fr_opcode;
525 loc4_fix = (int) frag->fr_offset;
527 diff = resolve_symbol_value (frag->fr_symbol);
529 ca = frag->fr_subtype >> 3;
532 switch (frag->fr_subtype & 7)
535 gas_assert (diff < 0x40);
536 loc4_frag->fr_literal[loc4_fix] = DW_CFA_advance_loc | diff;
540 gas_assert (diff < 0x100);
541 loc4_frag->fr_literal[loc4_fix] = DW_CFA_advance_loc1;
542 frag->fr_literal[frag->fr_fix] = diff;
546 gas_assert (diff < 0x10000);
547 loc4_frag->fr_literal[loc4_fix] = DW_CFA_advance_loc2;
548 md_number_to_chars (frag->fr_literal + frag->fr_fix, diff, 2);
552 md_number_to_chars (frag->fr_literal + frag->fr_fix, diff, 4);
556 frag->fr_fix += frag->fr_subtype & 7;
557 frag->fr_type = rs_fill;
558 frag->fr_subtype = 0;