1 @c Copyright 2002, 2004, 2005, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
7 @chapter MSP 430 Dependent Features
10 @node Machine Dependencies
11 @chapter MSP 430 Dependent Features
14 @cindex MSP 430 support
17 * MSP430 Options:: Options
18 * MSP430 Syntax:: Syntax
19 * MSP430 Floating Point:: Floating Point
20 * MSP430 Directives:: MSP 430 Machine Directives
21 * MSP430 Opcodes:: Opcodes
22 * MSP430 Profiling Capability:: Profiling Capability
27 @cindex MSP 430 options (none)
28 @cindex options for MSP430 (none)
32 select the mpu arch. Currently has no effect.
34 enables polymorph instructions handler.
37 enables relaxation at assembly time. DANGEROUS!
44 * MSP430-Macros:: Macros
45 * MSP430-Chars:: Special Characters
46 * MSP430-Regs:: Register Names
47 * MSP430-Ext:: Assembler Extensions
53 @cindex Macros, MSP 430
54 @cindex MSP 430 macros
55 The macro syntax used on the MSP 430 is like that described in the MSP
56 430 Family Assembler Specification. Normal @code{@value{AS}}
57 macros should still work.
59 Additional built-in macros are:
64 Extracts least significant word from 32-bit expression 'exp'.
67 Extracts most significant word from 32-bit expression 'exp'.
70 Extracts 3rd word from 64-bit expression 'exp'.
73 Extracts 4rd word from 64-bit expression 'exp'.
77 They normally being used as an immediate source operand.
79 mov #llo(1), r10 ; == mov #1, r10
80 mov #lhi(1), r10 ; == mov #0, r10
84 @subsection Special Characters
86 @cindex line comment character, MSP 430
87 @cindex MSP 430 line comment character
88 A semicolon (@samp{;}) appearing anywhere on a line starts a comment
89 that extends to the end of that line.
91 If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line then the whole
92 line is treated as a comment, but it can also be a logical line number
93 directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor control command
94 (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
96 @cindex line separator, MSP 430
97 @cindex statement separator, MSP 430
98 @cindex MSP 430 line separator
99 Multiple statements can appear on the same line provided that they are
100 separated by the @samp{@{} character.
102 @cindex identifiers, MSP 430
103 @cindex MSP 430 identifiers
104 The character @samp{$} in jump instructions indicates current location and
105 implemented only for TI syntax compatibility.
108 @subsection Register Names
110 @cindex MSP 430 register names
111 @cindex register names, MSP 430
112 General-purpose registers are represented by predefined symbols of the
113 form @samp{r@var{N}} (for global registers), where @var{N} represents
114 a number between @code{0} and @code{15}. The leading
115 letters may be in either upper or lower case; for example, @samp{r13}
116 and @samp{R7} are both valid register names.
118 @cindex special purpose registers, MSP 430
119 Register names @samp{PC}, @samp{SP} and @samp{SR} cannot be used as register names
120 and will be treated as variables. Use @samp{r0}, @samp{r1}, and @samp{r2} instead.
124 @subsection Assembler Extensions
125 @cindex MSP430 Assembler Extensions
130 As destination operand being treated as @samp{0(rn)}
133 As source operand being treated as @samp{@@rn}
136 Skips next N bytes followed by jump instruction and equivalent to
141 Also, there are some instructions, which cannot be found in other assemblers.
142 These are branch instructions, which has different opcodes upon jump distance.
143 They all got PC relative addressing mode.
147 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jeq label} in case if jump distance
148 within allowed range for cpu's jump instruction. If not, this unrolls into
156 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jne label} or @samp{jeq +4; br label}
159 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jl label} or @samp{jge +4; br label}
162 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jn label} or @samp{jn +2; jmp +4; br label}
165 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jlo label} or @samp{jhs +2; br label}
168 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jge label} or @samp{jl +4; br label}
171 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jhs label} or @samp{jlo +4; br label}
174 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jeq +2; jge label} or @samp{jeq +6; jl +4; br label}
177 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jeq +2; jhs label} or @samp{jeq +6; jlo +4; br label}
180 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jeq label; jlo label} or @samp{jeq +2; jhs +4; br label}
183 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jeq label; jl label} or @samp{jeq +2; jge +4; br label}
186 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jmp label} or @samp{br label}
190 @node MSP430 Floating Point
191 @section Floating Point
193 @cindex floating point, MSP 430 (@sc{ieee})
194 @cindex MSP 430 floating point (@sc{ieee})
195 The MSP 430 family uses @sc{ieee} 32-bit floating-point numbers.
197 @node MSP430 Directives
198 @section MSP 430 Machine Directives
200 @cindex machine directives, MSP 430
201 @cindex MSP 430 machine directives
203 @cindex @code{file} directive, MSP 430
205 This directive is ignored; it is accepted for compatibility with other
209 @emph{Warning:} in other versions of the @sc{gnu} assembler, @code{.file} is
210 used for the directive called @code{.app-file} in the MSP 430 support.
213 @cindex @code{line} directive, MSP 430
215 This directive is ignored; it is accepted for compatibility with other
218 @cindex @code{sect} directive, MSP 430
220 Currently this directive is ignored; it is accepted for compatibility with other
223 @cindex @code{profiler} directive, MSP 430
225 This directive instructs assembler to add new profile entry to the object file.
232 @cindex MSP 430 opcodes
233 @cindex opcodes for MSP 430
234 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard MSP 430 opcodes. No
235 additional pseudo-instructions are needed on this family.
237 For information on the 430 machine instruction set, see @cite{MSP430
238 User's Manual, document slau049d}, Texas Instrument, Inc.
240 @node MSP430 Profiling Capability
241 @section Profiling Capability
243 @cindex MSP 430 profiling capability
244 @cindex profiling capability for MSP 430
245 It is a performance hit to use gcc's profiling approach for this tiny target.
246 Even more -- jtag hardware facility does not perform any profiling functions.
247 However we've got gdb's built-in simulator where we can do anything.
249 We define new section @samp{.profiler} which holds all profiling information.
250 We define new pseudo operation @samp{.profiler} which will instruct assembler to
251 add new profile entry to the object file. Profile should take place at the
254 Pseudo operation format:
256 @samp{.profiler flags,function_to_profile [, cycle_corrector, extra]}
265 @samp{flags} is a combination of the following characters:
272 function is in init section
274 function is in fini section
282 interrupt service routine
292 long jump / sjlj unwind
294 an arbitrary code fragment
296 extra parameter saved (a constant value like frame size)
299 @item function_to_profile
301 @item cycle_corrector
302 a value which should be added to the cycle counter, zero if omitted.
304 any extra parameter, zero if omitted.
313 .LFrameOffset_fxx=0x08
314 .profiler "scdP", fxx ; function entry.
315 ; we also demand stack value to be saved
320 .profiler "cdpt",fxx,0, .LFrameOffset_fxx ; check stack value at this point
321 ; (this is a prologue end)
322 ; note, that spare var filled with
326 .profiler cdE,fxx ; check stack
331 .profiler xcde,fxx,3 ; exit adds 3 to the cycle counter
332 ret ; cause 'ret' insn takes 3 cycles