1 @c Copyright 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011
2 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
4 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
9 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
13 @node Machine Dependencies
14 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
19 * AVR Options:: Options
21 * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes
26 @cindex AVR options (none)
27 @cindex options for AVR (none)
31 @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR
33 Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type.
35 Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C
36 compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200,
37 attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28).
39 Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to
40 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343,
41 attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534,
44 Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory
45 space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313,
46 attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84,
47 attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461,
48 attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88,
51 Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program
52 memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711).
54 Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program
55 memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320).
57 Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP
58 instructions (MCU types: attiny167, at90usb82, at90usb162, atmega8u2,
59 atmega16u2, atmega32u2).
61 Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program
62 memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48p, atmega8, atmega88,
63 atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535, atmega8hva, at90pwm1,
64 at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81).
66 Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program
67 memory space (MCU types: atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162, atmega163,
68 atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega165, atmega165a, atmega165p, atmega168,
69 atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p, atmega169pa,
70 atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega325p,
71 atmega3250, atmega3250a, atmega3250p, atmega328, atmega328p, atmega329,
72 atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa, atmega3290, atmega3290a, atmega3290p,
73 atmega406, atmega64, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644a, atmega644p, atmega644pa,
74 atmega645, atmega645a, atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a, atmega6450p,
75 atmega649, atmega649a, atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a, atmega6490p,
76 atmega16hva, atmega16hva2, atmega16hvb, atmega32hvb, atmega64hve, at90can32,
77 at90can64, at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1,
78 atmega32m1, atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646,
79 at90usb647, at94k, at90scr100).
81 Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K program
82 memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega1280, atmega1281, atmega1284p,
83 atmega128rfa1, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000).
85 Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC (MCU types:
86 atmega2560, atmega2561).
88 Instruction set avrxmega2 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K program
89 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega16a4, atxmega16d4,
90 atxmega16x1, atxmega32a4, atxmega32d4, atxmega32x1).
92 Instruction set avrxmega3 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K program
93 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: none).
95 Instruction set avrxmega4 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K program
96 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega64a3, atxmega64d3).
98 Instruction set avrxmega5 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K program
99 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega64a1,
102 Instruction set avrxmega6 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 256K program
103 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega128a3,
104 atxmega128d3, atxmega192a3, atxmega128b1, atxmega192d3, atxmega256a3,
105 atxmega256a3b, atxmega256a3bu, atxmega192d3).
107 Instruction set avrxmega7 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 256K program
108 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega128a1,
111 @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR
113 Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}.
115 @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR
117 This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions.
119 @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR
121 This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around.
129 * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters
130 * AVR-Regs:: Register Names
131 * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers
135 @subsection Special Characters
137 @cindex line comment character, AVR
138 @cindex AVR line comment character
140 The presence of a @samp{;} anywhere on a line indicates the start of a
141 comment that extends to the end of that line.
143 If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line, the whole line
144 is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a
145 logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor
146 control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
148 @cindex line separator, AVR
149 @cindex statement separator, AVR
150 @cindex AVR line separator
152 The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate
156 @subsection Register Names
158 @cindex AVR register names
159 @cindex register names, AVR
161 The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0},
162 @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}.
163 Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address
164 register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address
165 pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in
166 Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit
167 @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers.
176 @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers
178 @cindex AVR modifiers
181 The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses
182 in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following:
185 modifier(relocatable-expression)
189 @cindex symbol modifiers
193 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
194 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
198 This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression
199 as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the
200 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier.
211 This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of
212 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
213 Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants.
217 Synonym of @samp{hh8}.
221 This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of
222 an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the
223 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8},
224 @samp{hhi8}, modifier.
229 ldi r26, lo8(285774925)
230 ldi r27, hi8(285774925)
231 ldi r28, hlo8(285774925)
232 ldi r29, hhi8(285774925)
233 ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925
238 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
239 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
240 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
241 Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar
246 This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of
247 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
248 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
249 Flash/Program memory.
253 This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of
254 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
255 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
256 Flash/Program memory.
263 @cindex AVR opcode summary
264 @cindex opcode summary, AVR
265 @cindex mnemonics, AVR
266 @cindex instruction summary, AVR
267 For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see
268 @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}.
270 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes.
271 The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments.
276 d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)}
277 v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)}
278 a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)}
279 w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)}
280 e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)}
281 b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)}
282 z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])}
283 M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255}
284 n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible}
285 s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7}
286 P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)}
287 p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)}
288 K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')}
289 i @r{immediate value}
290 l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63}
291 L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047}
292 h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)}
293 S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)}
294 ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry}
312 100101001SSS1000 bclr S
313 100101000SSS1000 bset S
314 1001010100001001 icall
315 1001010000001001 ijmp
316 1001010111001000 lpm ?
317 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z
318 1001010111011000 elpm ?
319 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z
322 1001010100011000 reti
323 1001010110001000 sleep
324 1001010110011000 break
327 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r
328 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r
329 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r
330 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r
331 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r
332 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r
333 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r
334 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r
335 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r
336 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r
337 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r
338 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r
339 001001rdddddrrrr clr r
340 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r
341 000111rdddddrrrr rol r
342 001000rdddddrrrr tst r
343 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M
344 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n
345 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M
346 11101111dddd1111 ser d
347 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M
348 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M
349 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M
350 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M
351 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M
352 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s
353 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s
354 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s
355 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s
356 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P
357 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r
358 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K
359 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K
360 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s
361 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s
362 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s
363 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s
364 111101lllllll000 brcc l
365 111100lllllll000 brcs l
366 111100lllllll001 breq l
367 111101lllllll100 brge l
368 111101lllllll101 brhc l
369 111100lllllll101 brhs l
370 111101lllllll111 brid l
371 111100lllllll111 brie l
372 111100lllllll000 brlo l
373 111100lllllll100 brlt l
374 111100lllllll010 brmi l
375 111101lllllll001 brne l
376 111101lllllll010 brpl l
377 111101lllllll000 brsh l
378 111101lllllll110 brtc l
379 111100lllllll110 brts l
380 111101lllllll011 brvc l
381 111100lllllll011 brvs l
382 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l
383 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l
384 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L
385 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L
386 1001010hhhhh111h call h
387 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h
388 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r
389 1001010rrrrr0000 com r
390 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r
391 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r
392 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r
393 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r
394 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r
395 1001001rrrrr1111 push r
396 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r
397 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r
398 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v
399 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d
400 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a
401 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a
402 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a
403 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a
404 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r
405 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i
406 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b
407 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e
408 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r
409 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r
410 1001010100011001 eicall
411 1001010000011001 eijmp