1 @c Copyright (C) 2006-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
8 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
12 @node Machine Dependencies
13 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
18 * AVR Options:: Options
20 * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes
21 * AVR Pseudo Instructions:: Pseudo Instructions
26 @cindex AVR options (none)
27 @cindex options for AVR (none)
31 @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command-line option, AVR
33 Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type.
35 Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C
36 compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200,
37 attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28).
39 Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to
40 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343,
41 attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534,
44 Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory
45 space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313,
46 attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84,
47 attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461,
48 attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88,
49 attiny828, at86rf401, ata6289, ata5272).
51 Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program
52 memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711).
54 Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program
55 memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320).
57 Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP
58 instructions (MCU types: attiny167, attiny1634, at90usb82, at90usb162,
59 atmega8u2, atmega16u2, atmega32u2, ata5505).
61 Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program
62 memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48pa, atmega48p, atmega8,
63 atmega8a, atmega88, atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535,
64 atmega8hva, at90pwm1, at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81,
67 Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program
68 memory space (MCU types: at90pwm161, atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162,
69 atmega163, atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega164pa, atmega165, atmega165a,
70 atmega165p, atmega165pa, atmega168, atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega168pa,
71 atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p, atmega169pa, atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a,
72 atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega32, atmega32a, atmega323,
73 atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega325p,
74 atmega325p, atmega325pa, atmega3250, atmega3250a, atmega3250p, atmega3250pa,
75 atmega328, atmega328p, atmega329, atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa,
76 atmega3290a, atmega3290p, atmega3290pa, atmega406, atmega64, atmega64a,
77 atmega64rfr2, atmega644rfr2, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644a, atmega644p,
78 atmega644pa, atmega645, atmega645a, atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a,
79 atmega6450p, atmega649, atmega649a, atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a,
80 atmega6490p, atmega16hva, atmega16hva2, atmega16hvb, atmega16hvbrevb,
81 atmega32hvb, atmega32hvbrevb, atmega64hve, at90can32, at90can64, at90pwm161,
82 at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1, atmega32m1,
83 atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646, at90usb647, at94k,
84 at90scr100, ata5790, ata5795).
86 Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K
87 program memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega128a, atmega1280,
88 atmega1281, atmega1284, atmega1284p, atmega128rfa1, atmega128rfr2,
89 atmega1284rfr2, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000).
91 Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC
92 (MCU types: atmega2560, atmega2561, atmega256rfr2, atmega2564rfr2).
94 Instruction set avrxmega2 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K
95 program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types:
96 atxmega16a4, atxmega16a4u, atxmega16c4, atxmega16d4, atxmega16x1,
97 atxmega32a4, atxmega32a4u, atxmega32c4, atxmega32d4, atxmega16e5,
98 atxmega8e5, atxmega32e5, atxmega32x1).
100 Instruction set avrxmega3 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K
101 of combined program memory and RAM, and with program memory
102 visible in the RAM address space (MCU types:
103 attiny212, attiny214, attiny412, attiny414, attiny416, attiny417,
104 attiny814, attiny816, attiny817, attiny1614, attiny1616, attiny1617,
105 attiny3214, attiny3216, attiny3217).
107 Instruction set avrxmega4 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K
108 program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types:
109 atxmega64a3, atxmega64a3u, atxmega64a4u, atxmega64b1, atxmega64b3,
110 atxmega64c3, atxmega64d3, atxmega64d4).
112 Instruction set avrxmega5 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K
113 program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types:
114 atxmega64a1, atxmega64a1u).
116 Instruction set avrxmega6 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than
117 64K program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types:
118 atxmega128a3, atxmega128a3u, atxmega128c3, atxmega128d3, atxmega128d4,
119 atxmega192a3, atxmega192a3u, atxmega128b1, atxmega128b3, atxmega192c3,
120 atxmega192d3, atxmega256a3, atxmega256a3u, atxmega256a3b,
121 atxmega256a3bu, atxmega256c3, atxmega256d3, atxmega384c3,
124 Instruction set avrxmega7 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than
125 64K program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types:
126 atxmega128a1, atxmega128a1u, atxmega128a4u).
128 Instruction set avrtiny is for the ATtiny4/5/9/10/20/40
131 @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command-line option, AVR
133 Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}.
135 @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command-line option, AVR
137 This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions.
139 @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command-line option, AVR
141 This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around.
143 @cindex @code{-mrmw} command-line option, AVR
145 Accept Read-Modify-Write (@code{XCH,LAC,LAS,LAT}) instructions.
147 @cindex @code{-mlink-relax} command-line option, AVR
149 Enable support for link-time relaxation. This is now on by default
150 and this flag no longer has any effect.
152 @cindex @code{-mno-link-relax} command-line option, AVR
153 @item -mno-link-relax
154 Disable support for link-time relaxation. The assembler will resolve
155 relocations when it can, and may be able to better compress some debug
158 @cindex @code{-mgcc-isr} command-line option, AVR
160 Enable the @code{__gcc_isr} pseudo instruction.
168 * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters
169 * AVR-Regs:: Register Names
170 * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers
174 @subsection Special Characters
176 @cindex line comment character, AVR
177 @cindex AVR line comment character
179 The presence of a @samp{;} anywhere on a line indicates the start of a
180 comment that extends to the end of that line.
182 If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line, the whole line
183 is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a
184 logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor
185 control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
187 @cindex line separator, AVR
188 @cindex statement separator, AVR
189 @cindex AVR line separator
191 The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate
195 @subsection Register Names
197 @cindex AVR register names
198 @cindex register names, AVR
200 The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0},
201 @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}.
202 Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address
203 register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address
204 pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in
205 Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit
206 @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers.
215 @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers
217 @cindex AVR modifiers
220 The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses
221 in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following:
224 modifier(relocatable-expression)
228 @cindex symbol modifiers
232 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
233 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
237 This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression
238 as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the
239 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier.
250 This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of
251 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
252 Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants.
256 Synonym of @samp{hh8}.
260 This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of
261 an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the
262 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8},
263 @samp{hhi8}, modifier.
268 ldi r26, lo8(285774925)
269 ldi r27, hi8(285774925)
270 ldi r28, hlo8(285774925)
271 ldi r29, hhi8(285774925)
272 ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925
277 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
278 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
279 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
280 Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar
285 This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of
286 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
287 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
288 Flash/Program memory.
292 This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of
293 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
294 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
295 Flash/Program memory.
302 @cindex AVR opcode summary
303 @cindex opcode summary, AVR
304 @cindex mnemonics, AVR
305 @cindex instruction summary, AVR
306 For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see
307 @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}.
309 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes.
310 The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments.
315 d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)}
316 v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)}
317 a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)}
318 w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)}
319 e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)}
320 b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)}
321 z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])}
322 M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255}
323 n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible}
324 s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7}
325 P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)}
326 p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)}
327 K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')}
328 i @r{immediate value}
329 l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63}
330 L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047}
331 h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)}
332 S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)}
333 ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry}
351 100101001SSS1000 bclr S
352 100101000SSS1000 bset S
353 1001010100001001 icall
354 1001010000001001 ijmp
355 1001010111001000 lpm ?
356 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z
357 1001010111011000 elpm ?
358 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z
361 1001010100011000 reti
362 1001010110001000 sleep
363 1001010110011000 break
366 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r
367 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r
368 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r
369 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r
370 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r
371 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r
372 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r
373 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r
374 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r
375 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r
376 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r
377 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r
378 001001rdddddrrrr clr r
379 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r
380 000111rdddddrrrr rol r
381 001000rdddddrrrr tst r
382 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M
383 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n
384 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M
385 11101111dddd1111 ser d
386 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M
387 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M
388 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M
389 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M
390 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M
391 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s
392 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s
393 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s
394 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s
395 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P
396 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r
397 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K
398 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K
399 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s
400 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s
401 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s
402 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s
403 111101lllllll000 brcc l
404 111100lllllll000 brcs l
405 111100lllllll001 breq l
406 111101lllllll100 brge l
407 111101lllllll101 brhc l
408 111100lllllll101 brhs l
409 111101lllllll111 brid l
410 111100lllllll111 brie l
411 111100lllllll000 brlo l
412 111100lllllll100 brlt l
413 111100lllllll010 brmi l
414 111101lllllll001 brne l
415 111101lllllll010 brpl l
416 111101lllllll000 brsh l
417 111101lllllll110 brtc l
418 111100lllllll110 brts l
419 111101lllllll011 brvc l
420 111100lllllll011 brvs l
421 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l
422 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l
423 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L
424 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L
425 1001010hhhhh111h call h
426 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h
427 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r
428 1001010rrrrr0000 com r
429 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r
430 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r
431 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r
432 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r
433 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r
434 1001001rrrrr1111 push r
435 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r
436 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r
437 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v
438 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d
439 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a
440 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a
441 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a
442 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a
443 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r
444 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i
445 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b
446 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e
447 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r
448 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r
449 1001010100011001 eicall
450 1001010000011001 eijmp
453 @node AVR Pseudo Instructions
454 @section Pseudo Instructions
456 The only available pseudo-instruction @code{__gcc_isr} can be activated by
457 option @option{-mgcc-isr}.
462 Emit code chunk to be used in avr-gcc ISR prologue.
463 It will expand to at most six 1-word instructions, all optional:
464 push of @code{tmp_reg}, push of @code{SREG},
465 push and clear of @code{zero_reg}, push of @var{Reg}.
468 Emit code chunk to be used in an avr-gcc ISR epilogue.
469 It will expand to at most five 1-word instructions, all optional:
470 pop of @var{Reg}, pop of @code{zero_reg},
471 pop of @code{SREG}, pop of @code{tmp_reg}.
473 @item __gcc_isr 0, @var{Reg}
474 Finish avr-gcc ISR function. Scan code since the last prologue
475 for usage of: @code{SREG}, @code{tmp_reg}, @code{zero_reg}.
476 Prologue chunk and epilogue chunks will be replaced by appropriate code
477 to save / restore @code{SREG}, @code{tmp_reg}, @code{zero_reg} and @var{Reg}.
497 00000000 <__vector1>:
499 2: 8f b7 in r24, 0x3f
501 6: 80 91 60 00 lds r24, 0x0060 ; 0x800060 <var>
503 c: 80 93 60 00 sts 0x0060, r24 ; 0x800060 <var>
505 12: 8f bf out 0x3f, r24