1 @c Copyright 2000, 2001, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
8 @chapter ARC Dependent Features
12 @node Machine Dependencies
13 @chapter ARC Dependent Features
16 @set ARC_CORE_DEFAULT 6
20 * ARC Options:: Options
22 * ARC Floating Point:: Floating Point
23 * ARC Directives:: ARC Machine Directives
24 * ARC Opcodes:: Opcodes
30 @cindex ARC options (none)
31 @cindex options for ARC (none)
35 @cindex @code{-marc[5|6|7|8]} command line option, ARC
37 This option selects the core processor variant. Using
38 @code{-marc} is the same as @code{-marc@value{ARC_CORE_DEFAULT}}, which
43 @cindex @code{arc5} arc5, ARC
47 @cindex @code{arc6} arc6, ARC
49 Jump-and-link (jl) instruction. No requirement of an instruction between
50 setting flags and conditional jump. For example:
57 @cindex @code{arc7} arc7, ARC
59 Break (brk) and sleep (sleep) instructions.
61 @cindex @code{arc8} arc8, ARC
63 Software interrupt (swi) instruction.
67 Note: the @code{.option} directive can to be used to select a core
68 variant from within assembly code.
70 @cindex @code{-EB} command line option, ARC
72 This option specifies that the output generated by the assembler should
73 be marked as being encoded for a big-endian processor.
75 @cindex @code{-EL} command line option, ARC
77 This option specifies that the output generated by the assembler should
78 be marked as being encoded for a little-endian processor - this is the
86 * ARC-Chars:: Special Characters
87 * ARC-Regs:: Register Names
91 @subsection Special Characters
93 @cindex line comment character, ARC
94 @cindex ARC line comment character
95 The presence of a @samp{#} on a line indicates the start of a comment
96 that extends to the end of the current line. Note that if a line
97 starts with a @samp{#} character then it can also be a logical line
98 number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor
99 control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
101 @cindex line separator, ARC
102 @cindex statement separator, ARC
103 @cindex ARC line separator
104 The ARC assembler does not support a line separator character.
107 @subsection Register Names
109 @cindex ARC register names
110 @cindex register names, ARC
114 @node ARC Floating Point
115 @section Floating Point
117 @cindex floating point, ARC (@sc{ieee})
118 @cindex ARC floating point (@sc{ieee})
119 The ARC core does not currently have hardware floating point
120 support. Software floating point support is provided by @code{GCC}
121 and uses @sc{ieee} floating-point numbers.
125 @section ARC Machine Directives
127 @cindex machine directives, ARC
128 @cindex ARC machine directives
129 The ARC version of @code{@value{AS}} supports the following additional
134 @cindex @code{2byte} directive, ARC
135 @item .2byte @var{expressions}
138 @cindex @code{3byte} directive, ARC
139 @item .3byte @var{expressions}
142 @cindex @code{4byte} directive, ARC
143 @item .4byte @var{expressions}
146 @cindex @code{extAuxRegister} directive, ARC
147 @item .extAuxRegister @var{name},@var{address},@var{mode}
148 The ARCtangent A4 has extensible auxiliary register space. The
149 auxiliary registers can be defined in the assembler source code by
150 using this directive. The first parameter is the @var{name} of the
151 new auxiallry register. The second parameter is the @var{address} of
152 the register in the auxiliary register memory map for the variant of
153 the ARC. The third parameter specifies the @var{mode} in which the
154 register can be operated is and it can be one of:
159 @item r|w (read or write)
165 .extAuxRegister mulhi,0x12,w
168 This specifies an extension auxiliary register called @emph{mulhi}
169 which is at address 0x12 in the memory space and which is only
172 @cindex @code{extCondCode} directive, ARC
173 @item .extCondCode @var{suffix},@var{value}
174 The condition codes on the ARCtangent A4 are extensible and can be
175 specified by means of this assembler directive. They are specified
176 by the suffix and the value for the condition code. They can be used to
177 specify extra condition codes with any values. For example:
180 .extCondCode is_busy,0x14
186 @cindex @code{extCoreRegister} directive, ARC
187 @item .extCoreRegister @var{name},@var{regnum},@var{mode},@var{shortcut}
188 Specifies an extension core register @var{name} for the application.
189 This allows a register @var{name} with a valid @var{regnum} between 0
190 and 60, with the following as valid values for @var{mode}
193 @item @emph{r} (readonly)
194 @item @emph{w} (write only)
195 @item @emph{r|w} (read or write)
199 The other parameter gives a description of the register having a
200 @var{shortcut} in the pipeline. The valid values are:
204 @item cannot_shortcut
210 .extCoreRegister mlo,57,r,can_shortcut
213 This defines an extension core register mlo with the value 57 which
214 can shortcut the pipeline.
216 @cindex @code{extInstruction} directive, ARC
217 @item .extInstruction @var{name},@var{opcode},@var{subopcode},@var{suffixclass},@var{syntaxclass}
218 The ARCtangent A4 allows the user to specify extension instructions.
219 The extension instructions are not macros. The assembler creates
220 encodings for use of these instructions according to the specification
221 by the user. The parameters are:
225 Name of the extension instruction
228 Opcode to be used. (Bits 27:31 in the encoding). Valid values
231 @item @var{subopcode}
232 Subopcode to be used. Valid values are from 0x09-0x3f. However the
233 correct value also depends on @var{syntaxclass}
235 @item @var{suffixclass}
236 Determines the kinds of suffixes to be allowed. Valid values are
237 @code{SUFFIX_NONE}, @code{SUFFIX_COND},
238 @code{SUFFIX_FLAG} which indicates the absence or presence of
239 conditional suffixes and flag setting by the extension instruction.
240 It is also possible to specify that an instruction sets the flags and
241 is conditional by using @code{SUFFIX_CODE} | @code{SUFFIX_FLAG}.
243 @item @var{syntaxclass}
244 Determines the syntax class for the instruction. It can have the
248 @item @code{SYNTAX_2OP}:
249 2 Operand Instruction
250 @item @code{SYNTAX_3OP}:
251 3 Operand Instruction
254 In addition there could be modifiers for the syntax class as described
258 Syntax Class Modifiers are:
260 @item @code{OP1_MUST_BE_IMM}:
261 Modifies syntax class SYNTAX_3OP, specifying that the first operand
262 of a three-operand instruction must be an immediate (i.e., the result
263 is discarded). OP1_MUST_BE_IMM is used by bitwise ORing it with
264 SYNTAX_3OP as given in the example below. This could usually be used
265 to set the flags using specific instructions and not retain results.
267 @item @code{OP1_IMM_IMPLIED}:
268 Modifies syntax class SYNTAX_20P, it specifies that there is an
269 implied immediate destination operand which does not appear in the
270 syntax. For example, if the source code contains an instruction like:
276 it really means that the first argument is an implied immediate (that
277 is, the result is discarded). This is the same as though the source
278 code were: inst 0,r1,r2. You use OP1_IMM_IMPLIED by bitwise ORing it
284 For example, defining 64-bit multiplier with immediate operands:
287 .extInstruction mp64,0x14,0x0,SUFFIX_COND | SUFFIX_FLAG ,
288 SYNTAX_3OP|OP1_MUST_BE_IMM
291 The above specifies an extension instruction called mp64 which has 3 operands,
292 sets the flags, can be used with a condition code, for which the
293 first operand is an immediate. (Equivalent to discarding the result
297 .extInstruction mul64,0x14,0x00,SUFFIX_COND, SYNTAX_2OP|OP1_IMM_IMPLIED
300 This describes a 2 operand instruction with an implicit first
301 immediate operand. The result of this operation would be discarded.
303 @cindex @code{half} directive, ARC
304 @item .half @var{expressions}
307 @cindex @code{long} directive, ARC
308 @item .long @var{expressions}
311 @cindex @code{option} directive, ARC
312 @item .option @var{arc|arc5|arc6|arc7|arc8}
313 The @code{.option} directive must be followed by the desired core
314 version. Again @code{arc} is an alias for
315 @code{arc@value{ARC_CORE_DEFAULT}}.
317 Note: the @code{.option} directive overrides the command line option
318 @code{-marc}; a warning is emitted when the version is not consistent
319 between the two - even for the implicit default core version
320 (arc@value{ARC_CORE_DEFAULT}).
322 @cindex @code{short} directive, ARC
323 @item .short @var{expressions}
326 @cindex @code{word} directive, ARC
327 @item .word @var{expressions}
337 @cindex opcodes for ARC
339 For information on the ARC instruction set, see @cite{ARC Programmers
340 Reference Manual}, ARC International (www.arc.com)