1 /* tc-avr.c -- Assembler code for the ATMEL AVR
3 Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006
4 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 Contributed by Denis Chertykov <denisc@overta.ru>
7 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
9 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
10 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
11 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
14 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
15 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
16 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
17 GNU General Public License for more details.
19 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
20 along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
21 the Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor,
22 Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */
25 #include "safe-ctype.h"
32 int insn_size; /* In words. */
34 unsigned int bin_opcode;
37 #define AVR_INSN(NAME, CONSTR, OPCODE, SIZE, ISA, BIN) \
38 {#NAME, CONSTR, SIZE, ISA, BIN},
40 struct avr_opcodes_s avr_opcodes[] =
42 #include "opcode/avr.h"
46 const char comment_chars[] = ";";
47 const char line_comment_chars[] = "#";
48 const char line_separator_chars[] = "$";
50 const char *md_shortopts = "m:";
58 /* XXX - devices that don't seem to exist (renamed, replaced with larger
59 ones, or planned but never produced), left here for compatibility.
60 TODO: hide them in show_mcu_list output? */
62 static struct mcu_type_s mcu_types[] =
64 {"avr1", AVR_ISA_TINY1, bfd_mach_avr1},
65 {"avr2", AVR_ISA_TINY2, bfd_mach_avr2},
66 {"avr3", AVR_ISA_M103, bfd_mach_avr3},
67 {"avr4", AVR_ISA_M8, bfd_mach_avr4},
68 {"avr5", AVR_ISA_ALL, bfd_mach_avr5},
69 {"avr6", AVR_ISA_ALL, bfd_mach_avr6},
70 {"at90s1200", AVR_ISA_1200, bfd_mach_avr1},
71 {"attiny10", AVR_ISA_TINY1, bfd_mach_avr1}, /* XXX -> tn11 */
72 {"attiny11", AVR_ISA_TINY1, bfd_mach_avr1},
73 {"attiny12", AVR_ISA_TINY1, bfd_mach_avr1},
74 {"attiny15", AVR_ISA_TINY1, bfd_mach_avr1},
75 {"attiny28", AVR_ISA_TINY1, bfd_mach_avr1},
76 {"at90s2313", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2},
77 {"at90s2323", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2},
78 {"at90s2333", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2}, /* XXX -> 4433 */
79 {"at90s2343", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2},
80 {"attiny22", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2}, /* XXX -> 2343 */
81 {"attiny26", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2},
82 {"at90s4433", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2},
83 {"at90s4414", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2}, /* XXX -> 8515 */
84 {"at90s4434", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2}, /* XXX -> 8535 */
85 {"at90s8515", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2},
86 {"at90s8535", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2},
87 {"at90c8534", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2},
88 {"at86rf401", AVR_ISA_2xxx, bfd_mach_avr2},
89 {"attiny13", AVR_ISA_TINY2, bfd_mach_avr2},
90 {"attiny2313", AVR_ISA_TINY2, bfd_mach_avr2},
91 {"attiny261", AVR_ISA_TINY2, bfd_mach_avr2},
92 {"attiny461", AVR_ISA_TINY2, bfd_mach_avr2},
93 {"attiny861", AVR_ISA_TINY2, bfd_mach_avr2},
94 {"attiny24", AVR_ISA_TINY2, bfd_mach_avr2},
95 {"attiny44", AVR_ISA_TINY2, bfd_mach_avr2},
96 {"attiny84", AVR_ISA_TINY2, bfd_mach_avr2},
97 {"attiny25", AVR_ISA_TINY2, bfd_mach_avr2},
98 {"attiny45", AVR_ISA_TINY2, bfd_mach_avr2},
99 {"attiny85", AVR_ISA_TINY2, bfd_mach_avr2},
100 {"atmega603", AVR_ISA_M603, bfd_mach_avr3}, /* XXX -> m103 */
101 {"atmega103", AVR_ISA_M103, bfd_mach_avr3},
102 {"at43usb320", AVR_ISA_M103, bfd_mach_avr3},
103 {"at43usb355", AVR_ISA_M603, bfd_mach_avr3},
104 {"at76c711", AVR_ISA_M603, bfd_mach_avr3},
105 {"atmega48", AVR_ISA_PWMx, bfd_mach_avr4},
106 {"atmega8", AVR_ISA_M8, bfd_mach_avr4},
107 {"atmega83", AVR_ISA_M8, bfd_mach_avr4}, /* XXX -> m8535 */
108 {"atmega85", AVR_ISA_M8, bfd_mach_avr4}, /* XXX -> m8 */
109 {"atmega88", AVR_ISA_PWMx, bfd_mach_avr4},
110 {"atmega8515", AVR_ISA_M8, bfd_mach_avr4},
111 {"atmega8535", AVR_ISA_M8, bfd_mach_avr4},
112 {"at90pwm2", AVR_ISA_PWMx, bfd_mach_avr4},
113 {"at90pwm3", AVR_ISA_PWMx, bfd_mach_avr4},
114 {"atmega16", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
115 {"atmega161", AVR_ISA_M161, bfd_mach_avr5},
116 {"atmega162", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
117 {"atmega163", AVR_ISA_M161, bfd_mach_avr5},
118 {"atmega164", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
119 {"atmega165", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
120 {"atmega168", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
121 {"atmega169", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
122 {"atmega32", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
123 {"atmega323", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
124 {"atmega324", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
125 {"atmega325", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
126 {"atmega329", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
127 {"atmega3250", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
128 {"atmega3290", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
129 {"atmega406", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
130 {"atmega64", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
131 {"atmega640", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
132 {"atmega644", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
133 {"atmega128", AVR_ISA_M128, bfd_mach_avr5},
134 {"atmega1280", AVR_ISA_M128, bfd_mach_avr5},
135 {"atmega1281", AVR_ISA_M128, bfd_mach_avr5},
136 {"atmega645", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
137 {"atmega649", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
138 {"atmega6450", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
139 {"atmega6490", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
140 {"at90can32" , AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
141 {"at90can64" , AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
142 {"at90can128", AVR_ISA_M128, bfd_mach_avr5},
143 {"at90usb646", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
144 {"at90usb647", AVR_ISA_M323, bfd_mach_avr5},
145 {"at90usb1286",AVR_ISA_M128, bfd_mach_avr5},
146 {"at90usb1287",AVR_ISA_M128, bfd_mach_avr5},
147 {"at94k", AVR_ISA_94K, bfd_mach_avr5},
148 {"atmega2560", AVR_ISA_ALL, bfd_mach_avr6},
149 {"atmega2561", AVR_ISA_ALL, bfd_mach_avr6},
153 /* Current MCU type. */
154 static struct mcu_type_s default_mcu = {"avr2", AVR_ISA_2xxx,bfd_mach_avr2};
155 static struct mcu_type_s * avr_mcu = & default_mcu;
157 /* AVR target-specific switches. */
160 int all_opcodes; /* -mall-opcodes: accept all known AVR opcodes. */
161 int no_skip_bug; /* -mno-skip-bug: no warnings for skipping 2-word insns. */
162 int no_wrap; /* -mno-wrap: reject rjmp/rcall with 8K wrap-around. */
165 static struct avr_opt_s avr_opt = { 0, 0, 0 };
167 const char EXP_CHARS[] = "eE";
168 const char FLT_CHARS[] = "dD";
170 static void avr_set_arch (int);
172 /* The target specific pseudo-ops which we support. */
173 const pseudo_typeS md_pseudo_table[] =
175 {"arch", avr_set_arch, 0},
179 #define LDI_IMMEDIATE(x) (((x) & 0xf) | (((x) << 4) & 0xf00))
181 #define EXP_MOD_NAME(i) exp_mod[i].name
182 #define EXP_MOD_RELOC(i) exp_mod[i].reloc
183 #define EXP_MOD_NEG_RELOC(i) exp_mod[i].neg_reloc
184 #define HAVE_PM_P(i) exp_mod[i].have_pm
189 bfd_reloc_code_real_type reloc;
190 bfd_reloc_code_real_type neg_reloc;
194 static struct exp_mod_s exp_mod[] =
196 {"hh8", BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI, BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_NEG, 1},
197 {"pm_hh8", BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_PM, BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_PM_NEG, 0},
198 {"hi8", BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI, BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_NEG, 1},
199 {"pm_hi8", BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM, BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM_NEG, 0},
200 {"lo8", BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI, BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_NEG, 1},
201 {"pm_lo8", BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM, BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM_NEG, 0},
202 {"hlo8", BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI, BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_NEG, 0},
203 {"hhi8", BFD_RELOC_AVR_MS8_LDI, BFD_RELOC_AVR_MS8_LDI_NEG, 0},
206 /* A union used to store indicies into the exp_mod[] array
207 in a hash table which expects void * data types. */
214 /* Opcode hash table. */
215 static struct hash_control *avr_hash;
217 /* Reloc modifiers hash control (hh8,hi8,lo8,pm_xx). */
218 static struct hash_control *avr_mod_hash;
220 #define OPTION_MMCU 'm'
223 OPTION_ALL_OPCODES = OPTION_MD_BASE + 1,
228 struct option md_longopts[] =
230 { "mmcu", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_MMCU },
231 { "mall-opcodes", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_ALL_OPCODES },
232 { "mno-skip-bug", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NO_SKIP_BUG },
233 { "mno-wrap", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NO_WRAP },
234 { NULL, no_argument, NULL, 0 }
237 size_t md_longopts_size = sizeof (md_longopts);
239 /* Display nicely formatted list of known MCU names. */
242 show_mcu_list (FILE *stream)
246 fprintf (stream, _("Known MCU names:"));
249 for (i = 0; mcu_types[i].name; i++)
251 int len = strlen (mcu_types[i].name);
256 fprintf (stream, " %s", mcu_types[i].name);
259 fprintf (stream, "\n %s", mcu_types[i].name);
264 fprintf (stream, "\n");
270 while (*s == ' ' || *s == '\t')
275 /* Extract one word from FROM and copy it to TO. */
278 extract_word (char *from, char *to, int limit)
284 /* Drop leading whitespace. */
285 from = skip_space (from);
288 /* Find the op code end. */
289 for (op_start = op_end = from; *op_end != 0 && is_part_of_name (*op_end);)
291 to[size++] = *op_end++;
292 if (size + 1 >= limit)
301 md_estimate_size_before_relax (fragS *fragp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
302 asection *seg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
309 md_show_usage (FILE *stream)
313 " -mmcu=[avr-name] select microcontroller variant\n"
314 " [avr-name] can be:\n"
315 " avr1 - AT90S1200, ATtiny1x, ATtiny28\n"
316 " avr2 - AT90S2xxx, AT90S4xxx, AT90S8xxx, ATtiny22\n"
317 " avr3 - ATmega103, ATmega603\n"
318 " avr4 - ATmega83, ATmega85\n"
319 " avr5 - ATmega161, ATmega163, ATmega32, AT94K\n"
320 " or immediate microcontroller name.\n"));
322 _(" -mall-opcodes accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by MCU\n"
323 " -mno-skip-bug disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions\n"
324 " (default for avr4, avr5)\n"
325 " -mno-wrap reject rjmp/rcall instructions with 8K wrap-around\n"
326 " (default for avr3, avr5)\n"));
327 show_mcu_list (stream);
331 avr_set_arch (int dummy ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
335 input_line_pointer = extract_word (input_line_pointer, str, 20);
336 md_parse_option (OPTION_MMCU, str);
337 bfd_set_arch_mach (stdoutput, TARGET_ARCH, avr_mcu->mach);
341 md_parse_option (int c, char *arg)
348 char *s = alloca (strlen (arg) + 1);
355 *t = TOLOWER (*arg1++);
359 for (i = 0; mcu_types[i].name; ++i)
360 if (strcmp (mcu_types[i].name, s) == 0)
363 if (!mcu_types[i].name)
365 show_mcu_list (stderr);
366 as_fatal (_("unknown MCU: %s\n"), arg);
369 /* It is OK to redefine mcu type within the same avr[1-5] bfd machine
370 type - this for allows passing -mmcu=... via gcc ASM_SPEC as well
371 as .arch ... in the asm output at the same time. */
372 if (avr_mcu == &default_mcu || avr_mcu->mach == mcu_types[i].mach)
373 avr_mcu = &mcu_types[i];
375 as_fatal (_("redefinition of mcu type `%s' to `%s'"),
376 avr_mcu->name, mcu_types[i].name);
379 case OPTION_ALL_OPCODES:
380 avr_opt.all_opcodes = 1;
382 case OPTION_NO_SKIP_BUG:
383 avr_opt.no_skip_bug = 1;
394 md_undefined_symbol (char *name ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
399 /* Turn a string in input_line_pointer into a floating point constant
400 of type TYPE, and store the appropriate bytes in *LITP. The number
401 of LITTLENUMS emitted is stored in *SIZEP. An error message is
402 returned, or NULL on OK. */
405 md_atof (int type, char *litP, int *sizeP)
408 LITTLENUM_TYPE words[4];
409 LITTLENUM_TYPE *wordP;
422 return _("bad call to md_atof");
425 t = atof_ieee (input_line_pointer, type, words);
427 input_line_pointer = t;
429 *sizeP = prec * sizeof (LITTLENUM_TYPE);
431 /* This loop outputs the LITTLENUMs in REVERSE order. */
432 for (wordP = words + prec - 1; prec--;)
434 md_number_to_chars (litP, (valueT) (*wordP--), sizeof (LITTLENUM_TYPE));
435 litP += sizeof (LITTLENUM_TYPE);
442 md_convert_frag (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
443 asection *sec ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
444 fragS *fragP ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
453 struct avr_opcodes_s *opcode;
455 avr_hash = hash_new ();
457 /* Insert unique names into hash table. This hash table then provides a
458 quick index to the first opcode with a particular name in the opcode
460 for (opcode = avr_opcodes; opcode->name; opcode++)
461 hash_insert (avr_hash, opcode->name, (char *) opcode);
463 avr_mod_hash = hash_new ();
465 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (exp_mod); ++i)
470 hash_insert (avr_mod_hash, EXP_MOD_NAME (i), m.ptr);
473 bfd_set_arch_mach (stdoutput, TARGET_ARCH, avr_mcu->mach);
476 /* Resolve STR as a constant expression and return the result.
477 If result greater than MAX then error. */
480 avr_get_constant (char *str, int max)
484 str = skip_space (str);
485 input_line_pointer = str;
488 if (ex.X_op != O_constant)
489 as_bad (_("constant value required"));
491 if (ex.X_add_number > max || ex.X_add_number < 0)
492 as_bad (_("number must be less than %d"), max + 1);
494 return ex.X_add_number;
497 /* Parse for ldd/std offset. */
500 avr_offset_expression (expressionS *exp)
502 char *str = input_line_pointer;
507 str = extract_word (str, op, sizeof (op));
509 input_line_pointer = tmp;
512 /* Warn about expressions that fail to use lo8 (). */
513 if (exp->X_op == O_constant)
515 int x = exp->X_add_number;
517 if (x < -255 || x > 255)
518 as_warn (_("constant out of 8-bit range: %d"), x);
522 /* Parse ordinary expression. */
525 parse_exp (char *s, expressionS *op)
527 input_line_pointer = s;
529 if (op->X_op == O_absent)
530 as_bad (_("missing operand"));
531 return input_line_pointer;
534 /* Parse special expressions (needed for LDI command):
539 where xx is: hh, hi, lo. */
541 static bfd_reloc_code_real_type
542 avr_ldi_expression (expressionS *exp)
544 char *str = input_line_pointer;
548 int linker_stubs_should_be_generated = 0;
552 str = extract_word (str, op, sizeof (op));
558 m.ptr = hash_find (avr_mod_hash, op);
566 str = skip_space (str);
570 bfd_reloc_code_real_type reloc_to_return;
575 if (strncmp ("pm(", str, 3) == 0
576 || strncmp ("gs(",str,3) == 0
577 || strncmp ("-(gs(",str,5) == 0
578 || strncmp ("-(pm(", str, 5) == 0)
586 as_bad (_("illegal expression"));
588 if (str[0] == 'g' || str[2] == 'g')
589 linker_stubs_should_be_generated = 1;
601 if (*str == '-' && *(str + 1) == '(')
608 input_line_pointer = str;
613 if (*input_line_pointer != ')')
615 as_bad (_("`)' required"));
618 input_line_pointer++;
623 neg_p ? EXP_MOD_NEG_RELOC (mod) : EXP_MOD_RELOC (mod);
624 if (linker_stubs_should_be_generated)
626 switch (reloc_to_return)
628 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM:
629 reloc_to_return = BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_GS;
631 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM:
632 reloc_to_return = BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_GS;
636 as_warn (_("expression dangerous with linker stubs"));
639 return reloc_to_return;
644 input_line_pointer = tmp;
647 /* Warn about expressions that fail to use lo8 (). */
648 if (exp->X_op == O_constant)
650 int x = exp->X_add_number;
652 if (x < -255 || x > 255)
653 as_warn (_("constant out of 8-bit range: %d"), x);
656 return BFD_RELOC_AVR_LDI;
659 /* Parse one instruction operand.
660 Return operand bitmask. Also fixups can be generated. */
663 avr_operand (struct avr_opcodes_s *opcode,
669 unsigned int op_mask = 0;
670 char *str = skip_space (*line);
674 /* Any register operand. */
680 if (*str == 'r' || *str == 'R')
684 str = extract_word (str, r_name, sizeof (r_name));
686 if (ISDIGIT (r_name[1]))
688 if (r_name[2] == '\0')
689 op_mask = r_name[1] - '0';
690 else if (r_name[1] != '0'
691 && ISDIGIT (r_name[2])
692 && r_name[3] == '\0')
693 op_mask = (r_name[1] - '0') * 10 + r_name[2] - '0';
698 op_mask = avr_get_constant (str, 31);
699 str = input_line_pointer;
707 if (op_mask < 16 || op_mask > 23)
708 as_bad (_("register r16-r23 required"));
714 as_bad (_("register number above 15 required"));
720 as_bad (_("even register number required"));
725 if ((op_mask & 1) || op_mask < 24)
726 as_bad (_("register r24, r26, r28 or r30 required"));
727 op_mask = (op_mask - 24) >> 1;
732 as_bad (_("register name or number from 0 to 31 required"));
741 str = skip_space (str + 1);
750 as_bad (_("pointer register (X, Y or Z) required"));
752 str = skip_space (str + 1);
757 as_bad (_("cannot both predecrement and postincrement"));
761 /* avr1 can do "ld r,Z" and "st Z,r" but no other pointer
762 registers, no predecrement, no postincrement. */
763 if (!avr_opt.all_opcodes && (op_mask & 0x100F)
764 && !(avr_mcu->isa & AVR_ISA_SRAM))
765 as_bad (_("addressing mode not supported"));
771 as_bad (_("can't predecrement"));
773 if (! (*str == 'z' || *str == 'Z'))
774 as_bad (_("pointer register Z required"));
776 str = skip_space (str + 1);
787 char c = TOLOWER (*str++);
792 as_bad (_("pointer register (Y or Z) required"));
793 str = skip_space (str);
796 input_line_pointer = str;
797 avr_offset_expression (& op_expr);
798 str = input_line_pointer;
799 fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 3,
800 &op_expr, FALSE, BFD_RELOC_AVR_6);
806 str = parse_exp (str, &op_expr);
807 fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, opcode->insn_size * 2,
808 &op_expr, FALSE, BFD_RELOC_AVR_CALL);
812 str = parse_exp (str, &op_expr);
813 fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, opcode->insn_size * 2,
814 &op_expr, TRUE, BFD_RELOC_AVR_13_PCREL);
818 str = parse_exp (str, &op_expr);
819 fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, opcode->insn_size * 2,
820 &op_expr, TRUE, BFD_RELOC_AVR_7_PCREL);
824 str = parse_exp (str, &op_expr);
825 fix_new_exp (frag_now, where + 2, opcode->insn_size * 2,
826 &op_expr, FALSE, BFD_RELOC_16);
831 bfd_reloc_code_real_type r_type;
833 input_line_pointer = str;
834 r_type = avr_ldi_expression (&op_expr);
835 str = input_line_pointer;
836 fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 3,
837 &op_expr, FALSE, r_type);
845 x = ~avr_get_constant (str, 255);
846 str = input_line_pointer;
847 op_mask |= (x & 0xf) | ((x << 4) & 0xf00);
852 input_line_pointer = str;
853 avr_offset_expression (& op_expr);
854 str = input_line_pointer;
855 fix_new_exp (frag_now, where, 3,
856 & op_expr, FALSE, BFD_RELOC_AVR_6_ADIW);
864 x = avr_get_constant (str, 7);
865 str = input_line_pointer;
876 x = avr_get_constant (str, 63);
877 str = input_line_pointer;
878 op_mask |= (x & 0xf) | ((x & 0x30) << 5);
886 x = avr_get_constant (str, 31);
887 str = input_line_pointer;
896 as_bad (_("unknown constraint `%c'"), *op);
903 /* Parse instruction operands.
904 Return binary opcode. */
907 avr_operands (struct avr_opcodes_s *opcode, char **line)
909 char *op = opcode->constraints;
910 unsigned int bin = opcode->bin_opcode;
911 char *frag = frag_more (opcode->insn_size * 2);
913 int where = frag - frag_now->fr_literal;
914 static unsigned int prev = 0; /* Previous opcode. */
916 /* Opcode have operands. */
919 unsigned int reg1 = 0;
920 unsigned int reg2 = 0;
921 int reg1_present = 0;
922 int reg2_present = 0;
924 /* Parse first operand. */
925 if (REGISTER_P (*op))
927 reg1 = avr_operand (opcode, where, op, &str);
930 /* Parse second operand. */
943 if (REGISTER_P (*op))
946 str = skip_space (str);
948 as_bad (_("`,' required"));
949 str = skip_space (str);
951 reg2 = avr_operand (opcode, where, op, &str);
954 if (reg1_present && reg2_present)
955 reg2 = (reg2 & 0xf) | ((reg2 << 5) & 0x200);
956 else if (reg2_present)
964 /* Detect undefined combinations (like ld r31,Z+). */
965 if (!avr_opt.all_opcodes && AVR_UNDEF_P (bin))
966 as_warn (_("undefined combination of operands"));
968 if (opcode->insn_size == 2)
970 /* Warn if the previous opcode was cpse/sbic/sbis/sbrc/sbrs
971 (AVR core bug, fixed in the newer devices). */
972 if (!(avr_opt.no_skip_bug ||
973 (avr_mcu->isa & (AVR_ISA_MUL | AVR_ISA_MOVW)))
974 && AVR_SKIP_P (prev))
975 as_warn (_("skipping two-word instruction"));
977 bfd_putl32 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);
980 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) bin, frag);
987 /* GAS will call this function for each section at the end of the assembly,
988 to permit the CPU backend to adjust the alignment of a section. */
991 md_section_align (asection *seg, valueT addr)
993 int align = bfd_get_section_alignment (stdoutput, seg);
994 return ((addr + (1 << align) - 1) & (-1 << align));
997 /* If you define this macro, it should return the offset between the
998 address of a PC relative fixup and the position from which the PC
999 relative adjustment should be made. On many processors, the base
1000 of a PC relative instruction is the next instruction, so this
1001 macro would return the length of an instruction. */
1004 md_pcrel_from_section (fixS *fixp, segT sec)
1006 if (fixp->fx_addsy != (symbolS *) NULL
1007 && (!S_IS_DEFINED (fixp->fx_addsy)
1008 || (S_GET_SEGMENT (fixp->fx_addsy) != sec)))
1011 return fixp->fx_frag->fr_address + fixp->fx_where;
1014 /* GAS will call this for each fixup. It should store the correct
1015 value in the object file. */
1018 md_apply_fix (fixS *fixP, valueT * valP, segT seg)
1020 unsigned char *where;
1024 if (fixP->fx_addsy == (symbolS *) NULL)
1027 else if (fixP->fx_pcrel)
1029 segT s = S_GET_SEGMENT (fixP->fx_addsy);
1031 if (s == seg || s == absolute_section)
1033 value += S_GET_VALUE (fixP->fx_addsy);
1038 /* We don't actually support subtracting a symbol. */
1039 if (fixP->fx_subsy != (symbolS *) NULL)
1040 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line, _("expression too complex"));
1042 switch (fixP->fx_r_type)
1045 fixP->fx_no_overflow = 1;
1047 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_7_PCREL:
1048 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_13_PCREL:
1051 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_CALL:
1057 /* Fetch the instruction, insert the fully resolved operand
1058 value, and stuff the instruction back again. */
1059 where = (unsigned char *) fixP->fx_frag->fr_literal + fixP->fx_where;
1060 insn = bfd_getl16 (where);
1062 switch (fixP->fx_r_type)
1064 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_7_PCREL:
1066 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
1067 _("odd address operand: %ld"), value);
1069 /* Instruction addresses are always right-shifted by 1. */
1071 --value; /* Correct PC. */
1073 if (value < -64 || value > 63)
1074 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
1075 _("operand out of range: %ld"), value);
1076 value = (value << 3) & 0x3f8;
1077 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) (value | insn), where);
1080 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_13_PCREL:
1082 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
1083 _("odd address operand: %ld"), value);
1085 /* Instruction addresses are always right-shifted by 1. */
1087 --value; /* Correct PC. */
1089 if (value < -2048 || value > 2047)
1091 /* No wrap for devices with >8K of program memory. */
1092 if ((avr_mcu->isa & AVR_ISA_MEGA) || avr_opt.no_wrap)
1093 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
1094 _("operand out of range: %ld"), value);
1098 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) (value | insn), where);
1102 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) value, where);
1106 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) value, where);
1109 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_16_PM:
1110 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) (value >> 1), where);
1113 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_LDI:
1115 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
1116 _("operand out of range: %ld"), value);
1117 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value), where);
1120 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_6:
1121 if ((value > 63) || (value < 0))
1122 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
1123 _("operand out of range: %ld"), value);
1124 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | ((value & 7) | ((value & (3 << 3)) << 7) | ((value & (1 << 5)) << 8)), where);
1127 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_6_ADIW:
1128 if ((value > 63) || (value < 0))
1129 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
1130 _("operand out of range: %ld"), value);
1131 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | (value & 0xf) | ((value & 0x30) << 2), where);
1134 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI:
1135 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value), where);
1138 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI:
1139 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 8), where);
1142 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_MS8_LDI:
1143 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 24), where);
1146 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI:
1147 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 16), where);
1150 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_NEG:
1151 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value), where);
1154 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_NEG:
1155 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 8), where);
1158 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_MS8_LDI_NEG:
1159 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 24), where);
1162 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_NEG:
1163 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 16), where);
1166 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM:
1167 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 1), where);
1170 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM:
1171 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 9), where);
1174 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_PM:
1175 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (value >> 17), where);
1178 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM_NEG:
1179 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 1), where);
1182 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM_NEG:
1183 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 9), where);
1186 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_PM_NEG:
1187 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) insn | LDI_IMMEDIATE (-value >> 17), where);
1190 case BFD_RELOC_AVR_CALL:
1194 x = bfd_getl16 (where);
1196 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
1197 _("odd address operand: %ld"), value);
1199 x |= ((value & 0x10000) | ((value << 3) & 0x1f00000)) >> 16;
1200 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) x, where);
1201 bfd_putl16 ((bfd_vma) (value & 0xffff), where + 2);
1206 as_fatal (_("line %d: unknown relocation type: 0x%x"),
1207 fixP->fx_line, fixP->fx_r_type);
1213 switch (fixP->fx_r_type)
1215 case -BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_NEG:
1216 case -BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI:
1217 case -BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_NEG:
1218 case -BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI:
1219 as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line,
1220 _("only constant expression allowed"));
1229 /* GAS will call this to generate a reloc, passing the resulting reloc
1230 to `bfd_install_relocation'. This currently works poorly, as
1231 `bfd_install_relocation' often does the wrong thing, and instances of
1232 `tc_gen_reloc' have been written to work around the problems, which
1233 in turns makes it difficult to fix `bfd_install_relocation'. */
1235 /* If while processing a fixup, a reloc really needs to be created
1236 then it is done here. */
1239 tc_gen_reloc (asection *seg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
1244 if (fixp->fx_addsy && fixp->fx_subsy)
1248 if ((S_GET_SEGMENT (fixp->fx_addsy) != S_GET_SEGMENT (fixp->fx_subsy))
1249 || S_GET_SEGMENT (fixp->fx_addsy) == undefined_section)
1251 as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
1252 "Difference of symbols in different sections is not supported");
1256 /* We are dealing with two symbols defined in the same section.
1257 Let us fix-up them here. */
1258 value += S_GET_VALUE (fixp->fx_addsy);
1259 value -= S_GET_VALUE (fixp->fx_subsy);
1261 /* When fx_addsy and fx_subsy both are zero, md_apply_fix
1262 only takes it's second operands for the fixup value. */
1263 fixp->fx_addsy = NULL;
1264 fixp->fx_subsy = NULL;
1265 md_apply_fix (fixp, (valueT *) &value, NULL);
1270 reloc = xmalloc (sizeof (arelent));
1272 reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = xmalloc (sizeof (asymbol *));
1273 *reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = symbol_get_bfdsym (fixp->fx_addsy);
1275 reloc->address = fixp->fx_frag->fr_address + fixp->fx_where;
1276 reloc->howto = bfd_reloc_type_lookup (stdoutput, fixp->fx_r_type);
1277 if (reloc->howto == (reloc_howto_type *) NULL)
1279 as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
1280 _("reloc %d not supported by object file format"),
1281 (int) fixp->fx_r_type);
1285 if (fixp->fx_r_type == BFD_RELOC_VTABLE_INHERIT
1286 || fixp->fx_r_type == BFD_RELOC_VTABLE_ENTRY)
1287 reloc->address = fixp->fx_offset;
1289 reloc->addend = fixp->fx_offset;
1295 md_assemble (char *str)
1297 struct avr_opcodes_s *opcode;
1300 str = skip_space (extract_word (str, op, sizeof (op)));
1303 as_bad (_("can't find opcode "));
1305 opcode = (struct avr_opcodes_s *) hash_find (avr_hash, op);
1309 as_bad (_("unknown opcode `%s'"), op);
1313 /* Special case for opcodes with optional operands (lpm, elpm) -
1314 version with operands exists in avr_opcodes[] in the next entry. */
1316 if (*str && *opcode->constraints == '?')
1319 if (!avr_opt.all_opcodes && (opcode->isa & avr_mcu->isa) != opcode->isa)
1320 as_bad (_("illegal opcode %s for mcu %s"), opcode->name, avr_mcu->name);
1322 /* We used to set input_line_pointer to the result of get_operands,
1323 but that is wrong. Our caller assumes we don't change it. */
1325 char *t = input_line_pointer;
1327 avr_operands (opcode, &str);
1328 if (*skip_space (str))
1329 as_bad (_("garbage at end of line"));
1330 input_line_pointer = t;
1334 /* Flag to pass `pm' mode between `avr_parse_cons_expression' and
1335 `avr_cons_fix_new'. */
1336 static int exp_mod_pm = 0;
1338 /* Parse special CONS expression: pm (expression)
1339 or alternatively: gs (expression).
1340 These are used for addressing program memory.
1341 Relocation: BFD_RELOC_AVR_16_PM. */
1344 avr_parse_cons_expression (expressionS *exp, int nbytes)
1350 tmp = input_line_pointer = skip_space (input_line_pointer);
1354 char *pm_name1 = "pm";
1355 char *pm_name2 = "gs";
1356 int len = strlen (pm_name1);
1357 /* len must be the same for both pm identifiers. */
1359 if (strncasecmp (input_line_pointer, pm_name1, len) == 0
1360 || strncasecmp (input_line_pointer, pm_name2, len) == 0)
1362 input_line_pointer = skip_space (input_line_pointer + len);
1364 if (*input_line_pointer == '(')
1366 input_line_pointer = skip_space (input_line_pointer + 1);
1370 if (*input_line_pointer == ')')
1371 ++input_line_pointer;
1374 as_bad (_("`)' required"));
1381 input_line_pointer = tmp;
1389 avr_cons_fix_new (fragS *frag,
1394 if (exp_mod_pm == 0)
1397 fix_new_exp (frag, where, nbytes, exp, FALSE, BFD_RELOC_16);
1398 else if (nbytes == 4)
1399 fix_new_exp (frag, where, nbytes, exp, FALSE, BFD_RELOC_32);
1401 as_bad (_("illegal %srelocation size: %d"), "", nbytes);
1406 fix_new_exp (frag, where, nbytes, exp, FALSE, BFD_RELOC_AVR_16_PM);
1408 as_bad (_("illegal %srelocation size: %d"), "`pm' ", nbytes);