1 /* as.c - GAS main program.
2 Copyright (C) 1987, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 1997
3 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
7 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
12 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
19 Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
23 * Main program for AS; a 32-bit assembler of GNU.
24 * Understands command arguments.
25 * Has a few routines that don't fit in other modules because they
32 * Since no-one else says they will support them in future: I
33 * don't support them now.
43 #include "output-file.h"
48 #ifdef NEED_DECLARATION_SBRK
53 static void perform_an_assembly_pass PARAMS ((int argc, char **argv));
54 static int macro_expr PARAMS ((const char *, int, sb *, int *));
56 int listing; /* true if a listing is wanted */
58 static char *listing_filename = NULL; /* Name of listing file. */
60 /* Maximum level of macro nesting. */
62 int max_macro_nest = 100;
64 char *myname; /* argv[0] */
66 segT reg_section, expr_section;
67 segT text_section, data_section, bss_section;
72 /* To monitor memory allocation more effectively, make this non-zero.
73 Then the chunk sizes for gas and bfd will be reduced. */
76 /* We build a list of defsyms as we read the options, and then define
77 them after we have initialized everything. */
81 struct defsym_list *next;
86 static struct defsym_list *defsyms;
88 /* Keep a record of the itbl files we read in. */
92 struct itbl_file_list *next;
96 static struct itbl_file_list *itbl_files;
106 fprintf (stderr, "GNU assembler version %s (%s)", GAS_VERSION, TARGET_ALIAS);
108 fprintf (stderr, ", using BFD version %s", BFD_VERSION);
110 fprintf (stderr, "\n");
117 fprintf (stream, "Usage: %s [option...] [asmfile...]\n", myname);
121 -a[sub-option...] turn on listings\n\
122 Sub-options [default hls]:\n\
123 d omit debugging directives\n\
124 h include high-level source\n\
125 l include assembly\n\
126 n omit forms processing\n\
128 =file set listing file name (must be last sub-option)\n");
130 -D produce assembler debugging messages\n\
131 --defsym SYM=VAL define symbol SYM to given value\n\
132 -f skip whitespace and comment preprocessing\n\
133 --help show this message and exit\n\
134 -I DIR add DIR to search list for .include directives\n\
135 -J don't warn about signed overflow\n\
136 -K warn when differences altered for long displacements\n\
137 -L keep local symbols (starting with `L')\n");
139 -M,--mri assemble in MRI compatibility mode\n\
141 -o OBJFILE name the object-file output OBJFILE (default a.out)\n\
142 -R fold data section into text section\n\
143 --statistics print various measured statistics from execution\n\
144 --version print assembler version number and exit\n\
145 -W suppress warnings\n\
146 -t,--itbl INSTTBL extend instruction set to include instrictions\n\
147 matching the specifications defined in file INSTTBL\n\
150 -Z generate object file even after errors\n");
152 md_show_usage (stream);
154 fprintf (stream, "\nReport bugs to bug-gnu-utils@prep.ai.mit.edu\n");
157 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
158 #define EMULATION_ENVIRON "AS_EMULATION"
160 extern struct emulation mipsbelf, mipslelf, mipself;
161 extern struct emulation mipsbecoff, mipslecoff, mipsecoff;
163 static struct emulation *const emulations[] = { EMULATIONS };
164 static const int n_emulations = sizeof (emulations) / sizeof (emulations[0]);
167 select_emulation_mode (argc, argv)
174 for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
175 if (!strncmp ("--em", argv[i], 4))
181 p = strchr (argv[i], '=');
188 as_fatal ("missing emulation mode name");
193 em = getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON);
195 em = DEFAULT_EMULATION;
199 for (i = 0; i < n_emulations; i++)
200 if (!strcmp (emulations[i]->name, em))
202 if (i == n_emulations)
203 as_fatal ("unrecognized emulation name `%s'", em);
204 this_emulation = emulations[i];
207 this_emulation = emulations[0];
209 this_emulation->init ();
213 default_emul_bfd_name ()
222 this_format = this_emulation->format;
224 if (this_emulation->leading_underscore == 2)
225 this_emulation->leading_underscore = this_format->dfl_leading_underscore;
227 if (this_emulation->default_endian != 2)
228 target_big_endian = this_emulation->default_endian;
230 if (this_emulation->fake_label_name == 0)
232 if (this_emulation->leading_underscore)
233 this_emulation->fake_label_name = "L0\001";
235 /* What other parameters should we test? */
236 this_emulation->fake_label_name = ".L0\001";
242 * Since it is easy to do here we interpret the special arg "-"
243 * to mean "use stdin" and we set that argv[] pointing to "".
244 * After we have munged argv[], the only things left are source file
245 * name(s) and ""(s) denoting stdin. These file names are used
246 * (perhaps more than once) later.
248 * check for new machine-dep cmdline options in
249 * md_parse_option definitions in config/tc-*.c
253 parse_args (pargc, pargv)
257 int old_argc, new_argc;
258 char **old_argv, **new_argv;
260 /* Starting the short option string with '-' is for programs that
261 expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
262 the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
263 as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1. */
266 extern CONST char *md_shortopts;
267 static const char std_shortopts[] =
270 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
271 /* -K is not meaningful if .word is not being hacked. */
274 'L', 'M', 'R', 'W', 'Z', 'f', 'a', ':', ':', 'D', 'I', ':', 'o', ':',
276 /* -v takes an argument on VMS, so we don't make it a generic
281 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also --itbl below) */
285 struct option *longopts;
286 extern struct option md_longopts[];
287 extern size_t md_longopts_size;
288 static const struct option std_longopts[] = {
289 #define OPTION_HELP (OPTION_STD_BASE)
290 {"help", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_HELP},
291 {"mri", no_argument, NULL, 'M'},
292 #define OPTION_NOCPP (OPTION_STD_BASE + 1)
293 {"nocpp", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NOCPP},
294 #define OPTION_STATISTICS (OPTION_STD_BASE + 2)
295 {"statistics", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_STATISTICS},
296 #define OPTION_VERSION (OPTION_STD_BASE + 3)
297 {"version", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_VERSION},
298 #define OPTION_DUMPCONFIG (OPTION_STD_BASE + 4)
299 {"dump-config", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_DUMPCONFIG},
300 #define OPTION_VERBOSE (OPTION_STD_BASE + 5)
301 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_VERBOSE},
302 #define OPTION_EMULATION (OPTION_STD_BASE + 6)
303 {"emulation", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_EMULATION},
304 #define OPTION_DEFSYM (OPTION_STD_BASE + 7)
305 {"defsym", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_DEFSYM},
306 #define OPTION_INSTTBL (OPTION_STD_BASE + 8)
307 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also -t above).
308 * The "-t file" or "--itbl file" option extends the basic set
309 * of valid instructions by reading "file", a text file containing
310 * a list of instruction formats. The additional opcodes and their
311 * formats are added to the built-in set of instructions, and
312 * mnemonics for new registers may also be defined. */
313 {"itbl", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_INSTTBL}
316 /* Construct the option lists from the standard list and the
317 target dependent list. */
318 shortopts = concat (std_shortopts, md_shortopts, (char *) NULL);
319 longopts = (struct option *) xmalloc (sizeof (std_longopts) + md_longopts_size);
320 memcpy (longopts, std_longopts, sizeof (std_longopts));
321 memcpy ((char *) longopts + sizeof (std_longopts),
322 md_longopts, md_longopts_size);
324 /* Make a local copy of the old argv. */
328 /* Initialize a new argv that contains no options. */
329 new_argv = (char **) xmalloc (sizeof (char *) * (old_argc + 1));
330 new_argv[0] = old_argv[0];
332 new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
336 /* getopt_long_only is like getopt_long, but '-' as well as '--' can
337 indicate a long option. */
339 int optc = getopt_long_only (old_argc, old_argv, shortopts, longopts,
348 /* md_parse_option should return 1 if it recognizes optc,
350 if (md_parse_option (optc, optarg) != 0)
352 /* `-v' isn't included in the general short_opts list, so check for
353 it explicity here before deciding we've gotten a bad argument. */
357 /* Telling getopt to treat -v's value as optional can result
358 in it picking up a following filename argument here. The
359 VMS code in md_parse_option can return 0 in that case,
360 but it has no way of pushing the filename argument back. */
361 if (optarg && *optarg)
362 new_argv[new_argc++] = optarg, new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
376 case 1: /* File name. */
377 if (!strcmp (optarg, "-"))
379 new_argv[new_argc++] = optarg;
380 new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
390 case OPTION_STATISTICS:
391 flag_print_statistics = 1;
395 /* This output is intended to follow the GNU standards document. */
396 printf ("GNU assembler %s\n", GAS_VERSION);
397 printf ("Copyright 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n");
399 This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of\n\
400 the GNU General Public License. This program has absolutely no warranty.\n");
401 printf ("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s'.\n",
405 case OPTION_EMULATION:
406 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
407 if (strcmp (optarg, this_emulation->name))
408 as_fatal ("multiple emulation names specified");
410 as_fatal ("emulations not handled in this configuration");
414 case OPTION_DUMPCONFIG:
415 fprintf (stderr, "alias = %s\n", TARGET_ALIAS);
416 fprintf (stderr, "canonical = %s\n", TARGET_CANONICAL);
417 fprintf (stderr, "cpu-type = %s\n", TARGET_CPU);
418 #ifdef TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
419 fprintf (stderr, "format = %s\n", TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT);
422 fprintf (stderr, "bfd-target = %s\n", TARGET_FORMAT);
430 struct defsym_list *n;
432 for (s = optarg; *s != '\0' && *s != '='; s++)
435 as_fatal ("bad defsym; format is --defsym name=value");
437 i = strtol (s, (char **) NULL, 0);
438 n = (struct defsym_list *) xmalloc (sizeof *n);
449 /* optarg is the name of the file containing the instruction
450 formats, opcodes, register names, etc. */
451 struct itbl_file_list *n;
453 n = (struct itbl_file_list *) xmalloc (sizeof *n);
454 n->next = itbl_files;
458 /* Parse the file and add the new instructions to our internal
459 table. If multiple instruction tables are specified, the
460 information from this table gets appended onto the existing
462 itbl_files->name = xstrdup (optarg);
463 if (itbl_parse(itbl_files->name) != 0)
465 fprintf (stderr, "Failed to read instruction table %s\n",
473 flag_signed_overflow_ok = 1;
476 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
478 flag_warn_displacement = 1;
483 flag_keep_locals = 1;
494 flag_readonly_data_in_text = 1;
498 flag_no_warnings = 1;
502 flag_always_generate_output = 1;
513 listing |= LISTING_NODEBUG;
516 listing |= LISTING_HLL;
519 listing |= LISTING_LISTING;
522 listing |= LISTING_NOFORM;
525 listing |= LISTING_SYMBOLS;
528 listing_filename = xstrdup (optarg + 1);
529 optarg += strlen (listing_filename);
532 as_fatal ("invalid listing option `%c'", *optarg);
539 listing = LISTING_DEFAULT;
543 /* DEBUG is implemented: it debugs different */
544 /* things from other people's assemblers. */
549 flag_no_comments = 1;
553 { /* Include file directory */
554 char *temp = xstrdup (optarg);
555 add_include_dir (temp);
560 out_file_name = xstrdup (optarg);
567 /* -X means treat warnings as errors */
579 static void dump_statistics ();
580 static long start_time;
591 start_time = get_run_time ();
597 extern long _bfd_chunksize;
603 #ifdef HOST_SPECIAL_INIT
604 HOST_SPECIAL_INIT (argc, argv);
608 xmalloc_set_program_name (myname);
610 START_PROGRESS (myname, 0);
612 #ifndef OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
613 #define OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME "a.out"
616 out_file_name = OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME;
621 bfd_set_error_program_name (myname);
624 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
625 select_emulation_mode (argc, argv);
632 parse_args (&argc, &argv);
634 input_scrub_begin ();
637 if (flag_print_statistics)
638 xatexit (dump_statistics);
643 macro_strip_at = flag_mri;
646 /* For compatibility with the AMD 29K family macro assembler
652 macro_init (macro_alternate, flag_mri, macro_strip_at, macro_expr);
657 output_file_create (out_file_name);
658 assert (stdoutput != 0);
661 #ifdef tc_init_after_args
662 tc_init_after_args ();
667 /* Now that we have fully initialized, and have created the output
668 file, define any symbols requested by --defsym command line
670 while (defsyms != NULL)
673 struct defsym_list *next;
675 sym = symbol_new (defsyms->name, absolute_section, defsyms->value,
677 symbol_table_insert (sym);
678 next = defsyms->next;
685 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc, argv); /* Assemble it. */
691 if (seen_at_least_1_file ()
692 && (flag_always_generate_output || had_errors () == 0))
698 write_object_file ();
701 listing_print (listing_filename);
704 #ifndef OBJ_VMS /* does its own file handling */
705 #ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
708 output_file_close (out_file_name);
711 if (had_errors () > 0 && ! flag_always_generate_output)
715 unlink (out_file_name);
719 END_PROGRESS (myname);
721 /* Use xexit instead of return, because under VMS environments they
722 may not place the same interpretation on the value given. */
723 if (had_errors () > 0)
724 xexit (EXIT_FAILURE);
725 xexit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
731 extern char **environ;
733 char *lim = (char *) sbrk (0);
735 long run_time = get_run_time () - start_time;
737 fprintf (stderr, "%s: total time in assembly: %ld.%06ld\n",
738 myname, run_time / 1000000, run_time % 1000000);
740 fprintf (stderr, "%s: data size %ld\n",
741 myname, (long) (lim - (char *) &environ));
744 subsegs_print_statistics (stderr);
745 write_print_statistics (stderr);
746 symbol_print_statistics (stderr);
747 read_print_statistics (stderr);
749 #ifdef tc_print_statistics
750 tc_print_statistics (stderr);
752 #ifdef obj_print_statistics
753 obj_print_statistics (stderr);
758 /* perform_an_assembly_pass()
760 * Here to attempt 1 pass over each input file.
761 * We scan argv[*] looking for filenames or exactly "" which is
762 * shorthand for stdin. Any argv that is NULL is not a file-name.
763 * We set need_pass_2 TRUE if, after this, we still have unresolved
764 * expressions of the form (unknown value)+-(unknown value).
766 * Note the un*x semantics: there is only 1 logical input file, but it
767 * may be a catenation of many 'physical' input files.
770 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc, argv)
781 #ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
785 for (i = SEG_E0; i < SEG_UNKNOWN; i++)
786 segment_info[i].fix_root = 0;
788 /* Create the three fixed ones */
793 seg = subseg_new (".wtext", 0);
795 seg = subseg_new (".text", 0);
797 assert (seg == SEG_E0);
798 seg = subseg_new (".data", 0);
799 assert (seg == SEG_E1);
800 seg = subseg_new (".bss", 0);
801 assert (seg == SEG_E2);
803 create_target_segments ();
807 #else /* not MANY_SEGMENTS */
808 text_fix_root = NULL;
809 data_fix_root = NULL;
811 #endif /* not MANY_SEGMENTS */
812 #else /* BFD_ASSEMBLER */
813 /* Create the standard sections, and those the assembler uses
815 text_section = subseg_new (".text", 0);
816 data_section = subseg_new (".data", 0);
817 bss_section = subseg_new (".bss", 0);
818 /* @@ FIXME -- we're setting the RELOC flag so that sections are assumed
819 to have relocs, otherwise we don't find out in time. */
820 applicable = bfd_applicable_section_flags (stdoutput);
821 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, text_section,
822 applicable & (SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_RELOC
823 | SEC_CODE | SEC_READONLY));
824 /* @@ FIXME -- SEC_CODE seems to mean code only, rather than code possibly.*/
825 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, data_section,
826 applicable & (SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_RELOC));
827 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, bss_section, applicable & SEC_ALLOC);
828 seg_info (bss_section)->bss = 1;
829 subseg_new (BFD_ABS_SECTION_NAME, 0);
830 subseg_new (BFD_UND_SECTION_NAME, 0);
831 reg_section = subseg_new ("*GAS `reg' section*", 0);
832 expr_section = subseg_new ("*GAS `expr' section*", 0);
834 #endif /* BFD_ASSEMBLER */
836 subseg_set (text_section, 0);
838 /* This may add symbol table entries, which requires having an open BFD,
839 and sections already created, in BFD_ASSEMBLER mode. */
846 argv++; /* skip argv[0] */
847 argc--; /* skip argv[0] */
851 { /* Is it a file-name argument? */
854 /* argv->"" if stdin desired, else->filename */
855 read_a_source_file (*argv);
857 argv++; /* completed that argv */
860 read_a_source_file ("");
861 } /* perform_an_assembly_pass() */
863 /* The interface between the macro code and gas expression handling. */
866 macro_expr (emsg, idx, in, val)
877 hold = input_line_pointer;
878 input_line_pointer = in->ptr + idx;
880 idx = input_line_pointer - in->ptr;
881 input_line_pointer = hold;
883 if (ex.X_op != O_constant)
886 *val = (int) ex.X_add_number;