1 /* as.c - GAS main program.
2 Copyright (C) 1987, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 1997
3 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
7 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
12 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
19 Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
23 * Main program for AS; a 32-bit assembler of GNU.
24 * Understands command arguments.
25 * Has a few routines that don't fit in other modules because they
32 * Since no-one else says they will support them in future: I
33 * don't support them now.
43 #include "output-file.h"
47 #define itbl_parse(itbl_file) 1
52 #ifdef NEED_DECLARATION_SBRK
57 static void show_usage PARAMS ((FILE *));
58 static void parse_args PARAMS ((int *, char ***));
59 static void dump_statistics PARAMS ((void));
60 static void perform_an_assembly_pass PARAMS ((int argc, char **argv));
61 static int macro_expr PARAMS ((const char *, int, sb *, int *));
63 int listing; /* true if a listing is wanted */
65 static char *listing_filename = NULL; /* Name of listing file. */
67 /* Type of debugging to generate. */
69 enum debug_info_type debug_type = DEBUG_NONE;
71 /* Maximum level of macro nesting. */
73 int max_macro_nest = 100;
75 char *myname; /* argv[0] */
77 segT reg_section, expr_section;
78 segT text_section, data_section, bss_section;
81 /* The default obstack chunk size. If we set this to zero, the
82 obstack code will use whatever will fit in a 4096 byte block. */
85 /* To monitor memory allocation more effectively, make this non-zero.
86 Then the chunk sizes for gas and bfd will be reduced. */
89 /* We build a list of defsyms as we read the options, and then define
90 them after we have initialized everything. */
94 struct defsym_list *next;
99 static struct defsym_list *defsyms;
101 /* Keep a record of the itbl files we read in. */
103 struct itbl_file_list
105 struct itbl_file_list *next;
109 static struct itbl_file_list *itbl_files;
119 fprintf (stderr, "GNU assembler version %s (%s)", VERSION, TARGET_ALIAS);
121 fprintf (stderr, ", using BFD version %s", BFD_VERSION);
123 fprintf (stderr, "\n");
130 fprintf (stream, "Usage: %s [option...] [asmfile...]\n", myname);
134 -a[sub-option...] turn on listings\n\
135 Sub-options [default hls]:\n\
136 c omit false conditionals\n\
137 d omit debugging directives\n\
138 h include high-level source\n\
139 l include assembly\n\
140 m include macro expansions\n\
141 n omit forms processing\n\
143 =file set listing file name (must be last sub-option)\n");
145 -D produce assembler debugging messages\n\
146 --defsym SYM=VAL define symbol SYM to given value\n\
147 -f skip whitespace and comment preprocessing\n\
148 --gstabs generate stabs debugging information\n\
149 --help show this message and exit\n\
150 -I DIR add DIR to search list for .include directives\n\
151 -J don't warn about signed overflow\n\
152 -K warn when differences altered for long displacements\n\
153 -L,--keep-locals keep local symbols (e.g. starting with `L')\n");
155 -M,--mri assemble in MRI compatibility mode\n\
156 --MD FILE write dependency information in FILE (default none)\n\
158 -o OBJFILE name the object-file output OBJFILE (default a.out)\n\
159 -R fold data section into text section\n\
160 --statistics print various measured statistics from execution\n\
161 --strip-local-absolute strip local absolute symbols\n\
162 --version print assembler version number and exit\n\
163 -W suppress warnings\n\
164 --itbl INSTTBL extend instruction set to include instructions\n\
165 matching the specifications defined in file INSTTBL\n\
168 -Z generate object file even after errors\n");
170 --listing-lhs-width set the width in words of the output data column of\n\
172 --listing-lhs-width2 set the width in words of the continuation lines\n\
173 of the output data column; ignored if smaller than\n\
174 the width of the first line\n\
175 --listing-rhs-width set the max width in characters of the lines from\n\
177 --listing-cont-lines set the maximum number of continuation lines used\n\
178 for the output data column of the listing\n");
180 md_show_usage (stream);
182 fprintf (stream, "\nReport bugs to bug-gnu-utils@prep.ai.mit.edu\n");
185 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
186 #define EMULATION_ENVIRON "AS_EMULATION"
188 extern struct emulation mipsbelf, mipslelf, mipself;
189 extern struct emulation mipsbecoff, mipslecoff, mipsecoff;
190 extern struct emulation i386coff, i386elf;
192 static struct emulation *const emulations[] = { EMULATIONS };
193 static const int n_emulations = sizeof (emulations) / sizeof (emulations[0]);
195 static void select_emulation_mode PARAMS ((int, char **));
198 select_emulation_mode (argc, argv)
205 for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
206 if (!strncmp ("--em", argv[i], 4))
212 p = strchr (argv[i], '=');
219 as_fatal ("missing emulation mode name");
224 em = getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON);
226 em = DEFAULT_EMULATION;
230 for (i = 0; i < n_emulations; i++)
231 if (!strcmp (emulations[i]->name, em))
233 if (i == n_emulations)
234 as_fatal ("unrecognized emulation name `%s'", em);
235 this_emulation = emulations[i];
238 this_emulation = emulations[0];
240 this_emulation->init ();
244 default_emul_bfd_name ()
253 this_format = this_emulation->format;
255 if (this_emulation->leading_underscore == 2)
256 this_emulation->leading_underscore = this_format->dfl_leading_underscore;
258 if (this_emulation->default_endian != 2)
259 target_big_endian = this_emulation->default_endian;
261 if (this_emulation->fake_label_name == 0)
263 if (this_emulation->leading_underscore)
264 this_emulation->fake_label_name = "L0\001";
266 /* What other parameters should we test? */
267 this_emulation->fake_label_name = ".L0\001";
273 * Since it is easy to do here we interpret the special arg "-"
274 * to mean "use stdin" and we set that argv[] pointing to "".
275 * After we have munged argv[], the only things left are source file
276 * name(s) and ""(s) denoting stdin. These file names are used
277 * (perhaps more than once) later.
279 * check for new machine-dep cmdline options in
280 * md_parse_option definitions in config/tc-*.c
284 parse_args (pargc, pargv)
288 int old_argc, new_argc;
289 char **old_argv, **new_argv;
291 /* Starting the short option string with '-' is for programs that
292 expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
293 the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
294 as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1. */
297 extern CONST char *md_shortopts;
298 static const char std_shortopts[] =
301 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
302 /* -K is not meaningful if .word is not being hacked. */
305 'L', 'M', 'R', 'W', 'Z', 'f', 'a', ':', ':', 'D', 'I', ':', 'o', ':',
307 /* -v takes an argument on VMS, so we don't make it a generic
312 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also --itbl below) */
316 struct option *longopts;
317 extern struct option md_longopts[];
318 extern size_t md_longopts_size;
319 static const struct option std_longopts[] = {
320 #define OPTION_HELP (OPTION_STD_BASE)
321 {"help", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_HELP},
322 {"keep-locals", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
323 {"mri", no_argument, NULL, 'M'},
324 #define OPTION_NOCPP (OPTION_STD_BASE + 1)
325 {"nocpp", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NOCPP},
326 #define OPTION_STATISTICS (OPTION_STD_BASE + 2)
327 {"statistics", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_STATISTICS},
328 #define OPTION_VERSION (OPTION_STD_BASE + 3)
329 {"version", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_VERSION},
330 #define OPTION_DUMPCONFIG (OPTION_STD_BASE + 4)
331 {"dump-config", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_DUMPCONFIG},
332 #define OPTION_VERBOSE (OPTION_STD_BASE + 5)
333 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_VERBOSE},
334 #define OPTION_EMULATION (OPTION_STD_BASE + 6)
335 {"emulation", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_EMULATION},
336 #define OPTION_DEFSYM (OPTION_STD_BASE + 7)
337 {"defsym", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_DEFSYM},
338 #define OPTION_INSTTBL (OPTION_STD_BASE + 8)
339 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also -t above).
340 The "-t file" or "--itbl file" option extends the basic set of
341 valid instructions by reading "file", a text file containing a
342 list of instruction formats. The additional opcodes and their
343 formats are added to the built-in set of instructions, and
344 mnemonics for new registers may also be defined. */
345 {"itbl", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_INSTTBL},
346 #define OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH (OPTION_STD_BASE + 9)
347 {"listing-lhs-width", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH},
348 #define OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2 (OPTION_STD_BASE + 10)
349 {"listing-lhs-width", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2},
350 #define OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH (OPTION_STD_BASE + 11)
351 {"listing-rhs-width", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH},
352 #define OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES (OPTION_STD_BASE + 12)
353 {"listing-cont-lines", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES},
354 #define OPTION_DEPFILE (OPTION_STD_BASE + 13)
355 {"MD", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_DEPFILE},
356 #define OPTION_GSTABS (OPTION_STD_BASE + 14)
357 {"gstabs", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_GSTABS},
358 #define OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE (OPTION_STD_BASE + 15)
359 {"strip-local-absolute", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE},
360 #define OPTION_NOWARNSWAP (OPTION_STD_BASE + 16)
361 {"nowarnswap", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NOWARNSWAP}
364 /* Construct the option lists from the standard list and the
365 target dependent list. */
366 shortopts = concat (std_shortopts, md_shortopts, (char *) NULL);
367 longopts = (struct option *) xmalloc (sizeof (std_longopts) + md_longopts_size);
368 memcpy (longopts, std_longopts, sizeof (std_longopts));
369 memcpy ((char *) longopts + sizeof (std_longopts),
370 md_longopts, md_longopts_size);
372 /* Make a local copy of the old argv. */
376 /* Initialize a new argv that contains no options. */
377 new_argv = (char **) xmalloc (sizeof (char *) * (old_argc + 1));
378 new_argv[0] = old_argv[0];
380 new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
384 /* getopt_long_only is like getopt_long, but '-' as well as '--' can
385 indicate a long option. */
387 int optc = getopt_long_only (old_argc, old_argv, shortopts, longopts,
396 /* md_parse_option should return 1 if it recognizes optc,
398 if (md_parse_option (optc, optarg) != 0)
400 /* `-v' isn't included in the general short_opts list, so check for
401 it explicity here before deciding we've gotten a bad argument. */
405 /* Telling getopt to treat -v's value as optional can result
406 in it picking up a following filename argument here. The
407 VMS code in md_parse_option can return 0 in that case,
408 but it has no way of pushing the filename argument back. */
409 if (optarg && *optarg)
410 new_argv[new_argc++] = optarg, new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
424 case 1: /* File name. */
425 if (!strcmp (optarg, "-"))
427 new_argv[new_argc++] = optarg;
428 new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
438 case OPTION_STATISTICS:
439 flag_print_statistics = 1;
442 case OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE:
443 flag_strip_local_absolute = 1;
447 /* This output is intended to follow the GNU standards document. */
448 printf ("GNU assembler %s\n", VERSION);
449 printf ("Copyright 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n");
451 This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of\n\
452 the GNU General Public License. This program has absolutely no warranty.\n");
453 printf ("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s'.\n",
457 case OPTION_EMULATION:
458 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
459 if (strcmp (optarg, this_emulation->name))
460 as_fatal ("multiple emulation names specified");
462 as_fatal ("emulations not handled in this configuration");
466 case OPTION_DUMPCONFIG:
467 fprintf (stderr, "alias = %s\n", TARGET_ALIAS);
468 fprintf (stderr, "canonical = %s\n", TARGET_CANONICAL);
469 fprintf (stderr, "cpu-type = %s\n", TARGET_CPU);
470 #ifdef TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
471 fprintf (stderr, "format = %s\n", TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT);
474 fprintf (stderr, "bfd-target = %s\n", TARGET_FORMAT);
482 struct defsym_list *n;
484 for (s = optarg; *s != '\0' && *s != '='; s++)
487 as_fatal ("bad defsym; format is --defsym name=value");
489 i = strtol (s, (char **) NULL, 0);
490 n = (struct defsym_list *) xmalloc (sizeof *n);
501 /* optarg is the name of the file containing the instruction
502 formats, opcodes, register names, etc. */
503 struct itbl_file_list *n;
507 as_warn ( "No file name following -t option\n" );
511 n = (struct itbl_file_list *) xmalloc (sizeof *n);
512 n->next = itbl_files;
516 /* Parse the file and add the new instructions to our internal
517 table. If multiple instruction tables are specified, the
518 information from this table gets appended onto the existing
520 itbl_files->name = xstrdup (optarg);
521 if (itbl_parse (itbl_files->name) != 0)
523 fprintf (stderr, "Failed to read instruction table %s\n",
531 start_dependencies (optarg);
535 debug_type = DEBUG_STABS;
538 case OPTION_NOWARNSWAP:
539 flag_warn_instructionswap = 0;
543 flag_signed_overflow_ok = 1;
546 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
548 flag_warn_displacement = 1;
553 flag_keep_locals = 1;
556 case OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH:
557 listing_lhs_width = atoi(optarg);
558 if (listing_lhs_width_second < listing_lhs_width)
559 listing_lhs_width_second = listing_lhs_width;
561 case OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2:
563 int tmp = atoi(optarg);
564 if (tmp > listing_lhs_width)
565 listing_lhs_width_second = tmp;
568 case OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH:
569 listing_rhs_width = atoi(optarg);
571 case OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES:
572 listing_lhs_cont_lines = atoi(optarg);
583 flag_readonly_data_in_text = 1;
587 flag_no_warnings = 1;
591 flag_always_generate_output = 1;
602 listing |= LISTING_NOCOND;
605 listing |= LISTING_NODEBUG;
608 listing |= LISTING_HLL;
611 listing |= LISTING_LISTING;
614 listing |= LISTING_MACEXP;
617 listing |= LISTING_NOFORM;
620 listing |= LISTING_SYMBOLS;
623 listing_filename = xstrdup (optarg + 1);
624 optarg += strlen (listing_filename);
627 as_fatal ("invalid listing option `%c'", *optarg);
634 listing = LISTING_DEFAULT;
638 /* DEBUG is implemented: it debugs different */
639 /* things from other people's assemblers. */
644 flag_no_comments = 1;
648 { /* Include file directory */
649 char *temp = xstrdup (optarg);
650 add_include_dir (temp);
655 out_file_name = xstrdup (optarg);
662 /* -X means treat warnings as errors */
674 static long start_time;
685 start_time = get_run_time ();
691 extern long _bfd_chunksize;
697 #ifdef HOST_SPECIAL_INIT
698 HOST_SPECIAL_INIT (argc, argv);
702 xmalloc_set_program_name (myname);
704 START_PROGRESS (myname, 0);
706 #ifndef OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
707 #define OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME "a.out"
710 out_file_name = OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME;
711 flag_warn_instructionswap = 1;
716 bfd_set_error_program_name (myname);
719 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
720 select_emulation_mode (argc, argv);
727 parse_args (&argc, &argv);
729 input_scrub_begin ();
732 if (flag_print_statistics)
733 xatexit (dump_statistics);
738 macro_strip_at = flag_mri;
741 /* For compatibility with the AMD 29K family macro assembler
747 macro_init (macro_alternate, flag_mri, macro_strip_at, macro_expr);
752 output_file_create (out_file_name);
753 assert (stdoutput != 0);
756 #ifdef tc_init_after_args
757 tc_init_after_args ();
762 /* Now that we have fully initialized, and have created the output
763 file, define any symbols requested by --defsym command line
765 while (defsyms != NULL)
768 struct defsym_list *next;
770 sym = symbol_new (defsyms->name, absolute_section, defsyms->value,
772 symbol_table_insert (sym);
773 next = defsyms->next;
780 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc, argv); /* Assemble it. */
782 cond_finish_check (-1);
788 if (seen_at_least_1_file ()
789 && (flag_always_generate_output || had_errors () == 0))
794 #if defined (BFD_ASSEMBLER) || !defined (BFD)
795 /* This used to be done at the start of write_object_file in
796 write.c, but that caused problems when doing listings when
797 keep_it was zero. This could probably be moved above md_end, but
798 I didn't want to risk the change. */
803 write_object_file ();
806 listing_print (listing_filename);
809 #ifndef OBJ_VMS /* does its own file handling */
810 #ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
813 output_file_close (out_file_name);
816 if (had_errors () > 0 && ! flag_always_generate_output)
820 unlink (out_file_name);
824 END_PROGRESS (myname);
826 /* Use xexit instead of return, because under VMS environments they
827 may not place the same interpretation on the value given. */
828 if (had_errors () > 0)
829 xexit (EXIT_FAILURE);
831 /* Only generate dependency file if assembler was successful. */
832 print_dependencies ();
834 xexit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
840 extern char **environ;
842 char *lim = (char *) sbrk (0);
844 long run_time = get_run_time () - start_time;
846 fprintf (stderr, "%s: total time in assembly: %ld.%06ld\n",
847 myname, run_time / 1000000, run_time % 1000000);
849 fprintf (stderr, "%s: data size %ld\n",
850 myname, (long) (lim - (char *) &environ));
853 subsegs_print_statistics (stderr);
854 write_print_statistics (stderr);
855 symbol_print_statistics (stderr);
856 read_print_statistics (stderr);
858 #ifdef tc_print_statistics
859 tc_print_statistics (stderr);
861 #ifdef obj_print_statistics
862 obj_print_statistics (stderr);
867 /* perform_an_assembly_pass()
869 * Here to attempt 1 pass over each input file.
870 * We scan argv[*] looking for filenames or exactly "" which is
871 * shorthand for stdin. Any argv that is NULL is not a file-name.
872 * We set need_pass_2 TRUE if, after this, we still have unresolved
873 * expressions of the form (unknown value)+-(unknown value).
875 * Note the un*x semantics: there is only 1 logical input file, but it
876 * may be a catenation of many 'physical' input files.
879 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc, argv)
890 #ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
894 for (i = SEG_E0; i < SEG_UNKNOWN; i++)
895 segment_info[i].fix_root = 0;
897 /* Create the three fixed ones */
902 seg = subseg_new (".wtext", 0);
904 seg = subseg_new (".text", 0);
906 assert (seg == SEG_E0);
907 seg = subseg_new (".data", 0);
908 assert (seg == SEG_E1);
909 seg = subseg_new (".bss", 0);
910 assert (seg == SEG_E2);
912 create_target_segments ();
916 #else /* not MANY_SEGMENTS */
917 text_fix_root = NULL;
918 data_fix_root = NULL;
920 #endif /* not MANY_SEGMENTS */
921 #else /* BFD_ASSEMBLER */
922 /* Create the standard sections, and those the assembler uses
924 text_section = subseg_new (".text", 0);
925 data_section = subseg_new (".data", 0);
926 bss_section = subseg_new (".bss", 0);
927 /* @@ FIXME -- we're setting the RELOC flag so that sections are assumed
928 to have relocs, otherwise we don't find out in time. */
929 applicable = bfd_applicable_section_flags (stdoutput);
930 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, text_section,
931 applicable & (SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_RELOC
932 | SEC_CODE | SEC_READONLY));
933 /* @@ FIXME -- SEC_CODE seems to mean code only, rather than code possibly.*/
934 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, data_section,
935 applicable & (SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_RELOC));
936 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, bss_section, applicable & SEC_ALLOC);
937 seg_info (bss_section)->bss = 1;
938 subseg_new (BFD_ABS_SECTION_NAME, 0);
939 subseg_new (BFD_UND_SECTION_NAME, 0);
940 reg_section = subseg_new ("*GAS `reg' section*", 0);
941 expr_section = subseg_new ("*GAS `expr' section*", 0);
943 #endif /* BFD_ASSEMBLER */
945 subseg_set (text_section, 0);
947 /* This may add symbol table entries, which requires having an open BFD,
948 and sections already created, in BFD_ASSEMBLER mode. */
955 argv++; /* skip argv[0] */
956 argc--; /* skip argv[0] */
960 { /* Is it a file-name argument? */
963 /* argv->"" if stdin desired, else->filename */
964 read_a_source_file (*argv);
966 argv++; /* completed that argv */
969 read_a_source_file ("");
970 } /* perform_an_assembly_pass() */
972 /* The interface between the macro code and gas expression handling. */
975 macro_expr (emsg, idx, in, val)
986 hold = input_line_pointer;
987 input_line_pointer = in->ptr + idx;
989 idx = input_line_pointer - in->ptr;
990 input_line_pointer = hold;
992 if (ex.X_op != O_constant)
995 *val = (int) ex.X_add_number;